Thu·Jan 12, 2023Thursday·January 12, 2023

1. 01*

   Scattering Amplitude from Quantum Computing with Reduction Formula

   Tianyin Li🇨🇳 · Wai Kin Lai🇨🇳 · Enke Wang🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳

   Utilizing the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formula, we present a new general framework for computing scattering amplitudes in quantum field theory with quantum computers in a fully nonperturbative way. In this framework, one only has to construct one-particle states of zero momentum, and no wave packets of incoming particles are needed. The framework is able to incorporate scatterings of bound states, and is ideal for scatterings involving a small number of particles. We expect this framework to have particular advantages when applied to exclusive hadron scatterings. As a proof of concept, by simulations on classical hardware, we demonstrate that in the one-flavor Gross-Neveu model, the fermion propagator, the connected fermion four-point function, and the propagator of a fermion-antifermion bound state obtained from our proposed quantum algorithm have the desired pole structure crucial to the implementation of the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formula.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thquant-phPRD(2024)·23 citations
2. 02*

   Speed of sound in QCD matter at finite temperature and density]{Speed of sound in QCD matter at finite temperature and density

   Gun-yun Shao🇨🇳 · Xin-ran Yang🇨🇳 · Chong-long Xie🇨🇳 · Wei-bo He🇨🇳

   The speed of sound in QCD matter at finite temperature and density is investigated within the Polyakov loop improved Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. The spinodal structure associated with the chiral first-order chiral phase transition is considered to describe the continuous variation of the speed of sound. The behaviors of the squared sound speed in different phases, including the stable, metastable and unstable phases, are derived. The relation between speed of sound and QCD phase transitions is systematically explored. In particular, the boundary of vanishing sound velocity is derived in the temperature-density phase diagram, and the region where the sound wave equation being broken is pointed out. Some interesting features of speed of sound under different definitions are also discussed.

   hep-phnucl-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2023)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Thrust distribution in Higgs decays up to the fifth logarithmic order

   Wan-Li Ju🇮🇹 · Yongqi Xu🇨🇳 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳 · Bin Zhou🇺🇸

   In this work, we extend the resummation for the thrust distribution in Higgs decays up to the fifth logarithmic order. We show that one needs the accurate values of the three-loop soft functions for reliable predictions in the back-to-back region. This is especially true in the gluon channel, where the soft function exhibits poor perturbative convergence.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
4. 04*

   Self-consistent thermodynamic potential for magnetized QCD matter

   Gaoqing Cao🇨🇳 · Jianing Li🇨🇳

   Within the two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, we derive a self-consistent thermodynamic potential $\Omega$ for a QCD matter in an external magnetic field $B$. To be consistent with Schwinger's renormalization spirit, counter terms with vacuum quark mass are introduced into $\Omega$ and then the explicit $B$-dependent parts can be regularized in a cutoff-free way. Following that, explicit expressions of gap equation and magnetization can be consistently obtained according to the standard thermodynamic relations. The formalism is able to reproduce the paramagnetic feature of a QCD matter without ambiguity. For more realistic study, a running coupling constant is also adopted to account for the inverse magnetic catalysis effect. It turns out that the running coupling would greatly suppress magnetization at large $B$ and is important to reproduce the temperature enhancement effect to magnetization. The case with finite baryon chemical potential is also explored: no sign of first-order transition is found by varying $B$ for the running coupling and the de Haas-van Alphen oscillation shows up in the small $B$ region.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Sensitivity of $CP$ Violation of $\Lambda$ decay in $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ at STCF

   Yue Xu🇨🇳 · Xiaorong Zhou🇨🇳 · Xiaodong Shi🇨🇳 · Yongxin Guo🇨🇳 · Kuiyong Liu🇨🇳 · Li Gong🇨🇳 · Xiaoshen Kang🇨🇳

   The process of $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ is studied using $1.0\times 10^{12}$ $J/\psi$ Monte Carlo (MC) events at $\sqrt{s}$=3.097 GeV with a fast simulation software at future Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF). The statistical sensitivity for $CP$ violation is determined to be the order of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ by measuring the asymmetric parameters of the $\Lambda$ decay. Furthermore, the decay of $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ also serves as a benchmark process to optimize the detector responses using the interface provided by the fast simulation software.

   hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Beyond-Standard-Model Physics Associated with the Top Quark

   Roberto Franceschini🇮🇹

   We review scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model in which the top quark plays a special role. Models that aim at the stabilization of the weak scale are presented together with the specific phenomenology of partner states that are characteristic of this type of model. Further, we present models of flavor in which the top quark is singled out as a special flavor among the SM ones. The flavor and collider phenomenology of these models is broadly presented. Finally, we discuss the possibility that dark matter interacts preferably with the top quark flavor and broadly present the dark matter phenomenology of these scenarios, as well as collider and flavor signals.

   hep-phhep-exAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2023)·20 citations
7. 07*

   On the ${\eta }_1(1855)$, ${\pi }_1(1400)$ and ${\pi }_1(1600)$ as dynamically generated states and their SU(3) partners

   Mao-Jun Yan🇨🇳 · Jorgivan M. Dias🇨🇳 · Adolfo Guevara🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

   In this work, we interpret the newly observed ${\eta }_1(1855)$ resonance with exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ quantum numbers in the $I=0$ sector, reported by the BESIII Collaboration, as a dynamically generated state from the interaction between the lightest pseudoscalar mesons and axial-vector mesons. The interaction is derived from the lowest order chiral Lagrangian from which the Weinberg-Tomozawa term is obtained, describing the transition amplitudes among the relevant channels, which are then unitarized using the Bethe-Salpeter equation, according to the chiral unitary approach. We evaluate the ${\eta }_1(1855)$ decays into the $\eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ and $K{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\pi$ channels and find that the latter has a larger branching fraction. We also investigate its SU(3) partners, and according to our findings, the ${\pi }_1(1400)$ and ${\pi }_1(1600)$ structures may correspond to dynamically generated states, with the former one coupled mostly to the $b_1\pi$ component and the latter one coupled to the $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ channel. In particular, our result for the ratio $\Gamma ({\pi }_1(1600)\to f_1(1285)\pi )/\Gamma ({\pi }_1(1600)\to {\eta }^{\prime }\pi )$ is consistent with the measured value, which supports our interpretation for the higher ${\pi }_1$ state. We also report two poles with a mass about 1.7~GeV in the $I=1/2$ sector, which may be responsible for the $K^{\ast }(1680)$. We suggest searching for two additional ${\eta }_1$ exotic mesons with masses around 1.4 and 1.7~GeV. In particular, the predicted ${\eta }_1(1700)$ is expected to have a width around 0.1~GeV and can decay easily into $K\bar{K}\pi \pi$.

   hep-phUniverse(2023)·22 citations
8. 08*

   SIMPly add a dark photon

   Pieter Braat🇳🇱 · Marieke Postma🇳🇱

   Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of $3\to 2$ interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the $3\to 2$ interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For $N_f=3$ this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and -- perhaps somewhat surprisingly -- we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses $m_{\pi }\sim 250-600$MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of ${\alpha }_d=0.01-1$ and a dark pion mass $m_{\pi }\ge 30$ MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·17 citations
9. 09*

   Chiral Perturbation Theory Reflections on Effective Theories of the Standard Model

   B. Ananthanarayan🇮🇳 · M. S. A. Alam Khan🇮🇳 · Daniel Wyler🇨🇭

   The pseudoscalar particles pions, kaons and the $\eta$-particle are considerably lighter than the other hadrons such as protons or neutrons. Their lightness was understood as a consequence of approximate chiral symmetry breaking. This led to current algebra, a way to express the relations imposed by the symmetry breaking. It was realized by Weinberg that because of their low mass, it is possible to formulate a purely pionic (effective) field theory at experimental energies, which carries all information on the (non-perturbative) dynamics, symmetries, and their spontaneous breaking of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and allows for systematic calculations of observables. In this review, we trace these developments and present recent activities in this field. We make the connection to other effective theories, more generally introduced by Wilson, as approximate field theories at low energies. Indeed, principles and paradigms introduced first for pions have become ubiquitous in particle physics and the standard model. Lastly, we turn to the latest development where the present (fundamental) standard model itself is considered as an effective field theory of a - yet to be formulated - even more fundamental theory. We also discuss important techniques that were developed in order to turn chiral perturbation theory into a predictive framework and briefly review some connections between lattice QCD and chiral perturbation theory (ChPT).

   hep-phhep-exhep-latIndian J.Phys.(2023)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Pair production of heavy quarkonia in the color evaporation model

    Alexey Chernyshev🇷🇺 · Vladimir Saleev🇷🇺

    In the article, we study pair production of heavy quarkonia $(J/\psi J/\psi ,{\rm Y}{\rm Y},{\rm Y}J/\psi )$ in the improved color evaporation model via the parton Reggeization approach. The last one is based on high-energy factorization of hard processes in multi-Regge kinematics, the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin-Watt model for unintegrated parton distribution functions, and the Lipatov effective field theory of Reggezied gluons and quarks. We compare contributions from the single and double parton scattering mechanisms in the pair production of heavy quarkonia. The numerical calculations are performed with the Monte-Carlo event generator KaTie.

    hep-phPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2023)·3 citations
11. 11*

    Anomalies, Representations, and Self-Supervision

    Barry M. Dillon🇩🇪 · Luigi Favaro🇩🇪 · Friedrich Feiden🇩🇪 · Tanmoy Modak🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

    We develop a self-supervised method for density-based anomaly detection using contrastive learning, and test it using event-level anomaly data from CMS ADC2021. The AnomalyCLR technique is data-driven and uses augmentations of the background data to mimic non-Standard-Model events in a model-agnostic way. It uses a permutation-invariant Transformer Encoder architecture to map the objects measured in a collider event to the representation space, where the data augmentations define a representation space which is sensitive to potential anomalous features. An AutoEncoder trained on background representations then computes anomaly scores for a variety of signals in the representation space. With AnomalyCLR we find significant improvements on performance metrics for all signals when compared to the raw data baseline.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exSciPost Phys.Core(2024)·32 citations
12. 12*

    Nucleon Electric Dipole Moment from the $\theta$ Term with Lattice Chiral Fermions

    Jian Liang🇨🇳 · Andrei Alexandru🇺🇸 · Terrence Draper🇺🇸 · Keh-Fei Liu🇺🇸 · Bigeng Wang🇺🇸 · Gen Wang🇫🇷 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳

    We calculate the nucleon electric dipole moment (EDM) from the $\theta$ term with overlap fermions on three domain wall lattices with different sea pion masses at lattice spacing 0.11 fm. Due to the chiral symmetry conserved by the overlap fermions, we have well defined topological charge and chiral limit for the EDM. Thus, the chiral extrapolation can be carried out reliably at nonzero lattice spacings. We use three to four different partially quenched valence pion masses for each sea pion mass and find that the EDM dependence on the valence and sea pion masses behaves oppositely, which can be described by partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. With the help of the cluster decomposition error reduction (CDER) technique, we determine the neutron and proton EDM at the physical pion mass to be $d_n=-0.00148\left(14\right)\left(31\right)\bar{\theta }$ e$\cdot$fm and $d_p=0.0038\left(11\right)\left(8\right)\bar{\theta }$ e$\cdot$fm. This work is a clear demonstration of the advantages of using chiral fermions in the nucleon EDM calculation and paves the road to future precise studies of the strong $CP$ violation effects.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·55 citations
13. 13*

    Massive vector particle tunneling from Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole under generalized uncertainty principle

    Yenshembam Priyobarta Singh🇮🇳 · Telem Ibungochouba Singh🇮🇳

    The quantum tunneling of charged massive vector boson particles across the event horizon of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole is investigated under the influence of quantum gravity effects. The modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities across the event horizon of KNdS black hole are derived in 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional frame dragging coordinates. It is found that due to quantum gravity effects the modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities depend on the mass and angular momentum of the emitted vector boson particles. For 3-dimensional KNdS black hole, the modified Hawking temperature is lower than the original Hawking temperature but the modified heat capacity is higher than the original heat capacity due to quantum gravity effects. In the case of 4-dimensional KNdS black hole, the modified Hawking temperature and heat capacity are lower or greater than the original Hawking temperature and heat capacity depending upon the choices of black hole parameters due to quantum gravity effects. We also discuss the remnant and graphical analysis of the modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·9 citations
14. 14*

    First 3D reconstruction of a blast furnace using muography

    Amélie Cohu🇫🇷 · Antoine Chevalier🇫🇷 · Oleksandr Nechyporuk🇫🇷 · Andreas Franzen🇫🇷 · Jan Sauerwald🇫🇷 · Jean-Christophe Ianigro🇫🇷 · Jacques Marteau🇫🇷

    The blast furnace (BF) is the fundamental tool used in the iron manufacture. Due to the difficulty of accessing direct measurements of the inner phenomena, we determined the density distribution of its internal volume in order to improve its productivity using muography. This is an imaging technique based on the differential absorption of a flux of incident particles, muons, by the target under study, similar to clinical X-ray imaging. Muons are elementary particles that have the property of passing through dense materials, up to hundreds of meters away. Their relative absorption and deviation allows the generation of density distribution images of an object by tracking the number of muons received by a detector, before and after passing through a structure. The incident direction of the detected muons is reconstructed by means of a detector composed of 3 scintillator panels that we moved on 3 positions around the BF. With this technique, we obtained the first 3D image of the internal structure of a BF using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inverse problem solving algorithm on muon flux data. We were also able to perform a density monitoring of the BF and some of its operating parameters. We distinguished the position and shape of the cohesive zone, a key element in the productivity of a furnace, validating this innovative measurement concept in the application to a BF and opening the field to a series of future experiments to gain both spatial and temporal resolution.

    ↳ physics.geo-phhep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detJINST(2023)·2 citations
15. 15*

    Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics

    Gert Aarts🇬🇧 · Joerg Aichelin🇫🇷 · Chris Allton🇬🇧 · Andreas Athenodorou🇨🇾 · Dimitrios Bachtis🇬🇧 · Claudio Bonanno🇪🇸 · Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪 · Mattia Bruno🇮🇹 · Michele Caselle🇮🇹 · Costanza Conti🇮🇹 · Roberto Contino🇮🇹 and 29 other authors

    Phase transitions in a non-perturbative regime can be studied by ab initio Lattice Field Theory methods. The status and future research directions for LFT investigations of Quantum Chromo-Dynamics under extreme conditions are reviewed, including properties of hadrons and of the hypothesized QCD axion as inferred from QCD topology in different phases. We discuss phase transitions in strong interactions in an extended parameter space, and the possibility of model building for Dark Matter and Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking. Methodological challenges are addressed as well, including new developments in Artificial Intelligence geared towards the identification of different phases and transitions.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPPNP(2023)·154 citations
16. 16*

    Point Production of a Nonrelativistic Unparticle Recoiling Against a Particle

    Eric Braaten🇺🇸 · Hans-Werner Hammer🇩🇪

    A nonrelativistic unparticle can be defined as an excitation created by an operator with a definite scaling dimension in a nonrelativistic field theory with an approximate conformal symmetry. The point production rate of an unparticle has power-law dependence on its total energy with an exponent determined by its scaling dimension. We use the exact result for the 3-point function of primary operators in a nonrelativistic conformal field theory to derive the contribution to the point production rate of the unparticle from its decay into another unparticle recoiling against a particle. In the case where the conformal symmetry is broken by a large positive scattering length, we deduce the exponent of the energy in the point production rate of the loosely bound two-particle state recoiling against a particle with large relative momentum.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·6 citations
17. 17*

    HI intensity mapping with MeerKAT: forecast for delay power spectrum measurement using interferometer mode

    Ming Zhang🇨🇳 · Yichao Li🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping (IM) surveys are considered a promising tool for investigating the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we explore the potential of MeerKAT HI IM observations in interferometer mode to estimate the power spectrum and constrain cosmological parameters within typical dark energy models. We employ an approach called the "delay spectrum," which allows us to separate the weak HI signal from foreground contamination in the frequency domain. Our findings indicate that the choice of survey fields significantly impacts the fractional errors on the power spectrum ($\Delta P/P$) within a limited observational time of 10 hours. As the integration time increases from 10 hours to 10,000 hours, $\Delta P/P$ progressively decreases until cosmic variance begins to dominate. For a total observation time of 10,000 hours, the lowest $\Delta P/P$ at low $k$ can be achieved by tracking 100 points for MeerKAT L-band (900-1200 MHz) and 10 points for MeerKAT UHF-band (580-1000 MHz). Next, we assess the performance of HI IM in constraining typical dark energy models. We find that MeerKAT HI IM survey in interferometer mode demonstrates limited capability in constraining the dark-energy equation of state, even when combined with Planck data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phMNRAS(2023)·14 citations
18. 18*

    Pre-Equilibrium Evolution of Conserved Charges with ICCING Initial Conditions

    Patrick Carzon🇺🇸 · Mauricio Martinez🇺🇸 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸 · Philip Plaschke🇩🇪 · Soeren Schlichting🇩🇪 · Matthew Sievert🇺🇸

    Heavy-ion collisions can be well described through relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, but questions still remain when hydrodynamics is applicable because the initial state may begin very far-from-equilibrium. Thus, a pre-equilibrium evolution phase is used to bridge the gap between the initial state and hydrodynamics. K$\varphi$MP$\varphi$ST is one such pre-equilibrium model that propagates the energy-momentum tensor by decomposing it into the background and fluctuations around that background, whose evolution is captured by Green's functions. We extend this formalism to include conserved charges and calculate the corresponding non-equilibrium Green's functions in the relaxation time approximation. The ICCING algorithm initializes conserved charges in the initial state by sampling $g\to q\bar{q}$ splitting probabilities and is, thus, perfectly positioned to implement Green's functions for charge propagation. We show that this method alters the initial state charge geometries and is applicable in central to mid-central collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·18 citations
19. 19*

    Neutrino Oscillation and Lattice QCD

    Aaron S. Meyer🇺🇸

    Next generation high-precision neutrino scattering experiments have the goal of measuring the as-of-yet unknown parameters governing neutrino oscillation. This effort is hampered by the use of large nuclear targets: secondary interactions within a nucleus can confuse the interpretation of experimental data, leading to ambiguities about the initial neutrino interaction in scattering events. The distribution of energies for neutrino events must instead be inferred from the responses of a sum of dissimilar event topologies. For this reason, precise neutrino cross sections on nucleon targets are of vital importance to the neutrino oscillation experimental program. On the other hand, the necessary experimental data for neutrino scattering with elementary targets are scarce because of the weak interaction cross section, which leads to poorly-constrained nucleon and nuclear cross sections. Lattice QCD is uniquely positioned to provide the requisite nucleon amplitudes needed to enable high-precision oscillation experiments. In particular, LQCD has the ability to probe axial matrix elements that are challenging to isolate or completely inaccessible to experiments. In these proceedings, I will discuss some of my work to quantify neutrino cross sections with realistic uncertainty estimates, primarily focusing on neutrino quasielastic scattering and the nucleon axial form factor. I will also outline how the needs of next-generation neutrino oscillation experimental programs can be met with modern dedicated LQCD computations.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2023)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.