Tue·Jan 10, 2023Tuesday·January 10, 2023

1. 01*

   Dark matter freeze-in via a light fermion mediator: forbidden decay and scattering

   Shao-Ping Li🇨🇳

   The connection between a hidden nonthermal sector and a thermal plasma can be established by a light thermal fermion mediator. When the fermion mediator is much lighter than the hidden species, kinematically forbidden decay of the mediator can be opened at finite temperatures to produce the hidden species. Unlike bosons having quartic couplings, renormalizable forbidden fermion decay generically shares the same order of couplings with the scattering. We present a dedicated investigation into the freeze-in dark matter production via a thermal fermion mediator. We demonstrate that the plasma-induced decay rate differs from that calculated via the tree-level amplitude, but the former can be obtained from the latter via constant rescaling. Furthermore, we find that the relative effect of the forbidden decay and the scattering on the dark matter relic density can be simply estimated via the thermal coupling between the plasma and the mediator. Applying to different thermal interactions, we show that the forbidden decay contribution can reach the level of $4\%-45\%$ for a thermal coupling at $0.1-1$.

   hep-phJCAP(2023)·12 citations
2. 02*

   Simulations of momentum correlation functions of light (anti)nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 GeV

   Ting-Ting Wang🇨🇳 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Song Zhang🇨🇳

   Momentum correlation functions of light (anti)nuclei formed by the coalescence mechanism of (anti)nucleons are calculated for several central heavy-ion collision systems, namely ${}_5^{10}\text{B}{+}_5^{10}\text{B}$, ${}_8^{16}\text{O}{+}_8^{16}\text{O}$, ${}_{20}^{40}\text{Ca}{+}_{20}^{40}\text{Ca}$ as well as ${}_{79}^{197}\text{Au}{+}_{79}^{197}\text{Au}$ in different centralities at center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 GeV within the framework of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model complemented by the Lednick$\acute{y}$ and Lyuboshitz analytical method. Momentum correlation functions for identical or nonidentical light (anti)nuclei are constructed and analyzed for the above collision systems. The Au + Au results demonstrate that emission of light (anti)nuclei occurs from a source with smaller space extent in more peripheral collisions. The effect of system-size on the momentum correlation functions of identical or nonidentical light (anti)nuclei is also explored by several collision system in central collisions. The results indicate that the emission source-size of light (anti)nuclei pairs deduced from their momentum correlation functions and system-size is self-consistent. Momentum correlation functions of nonidentical light nuclei pairs gated on velocity are applied to infer the average emission sequence of them. The results illustrate that protons are emitted in average on a similar time scale with neutrons but earlier than deuterons or tritons in the small relative momentum region. In addition, larger interval of the average emission order among them is exhibited for smaller collision systems or at more peripheral collisions.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·13 citations
3. 03*

   De Haas - van Alphen Effect under Rotation

   Shu-Yun Yang🇨🇳 · Ren-Da Dong🇨🇳 · Defu Hou🇨🇳 · Hai-Cang Ren🇨🇳

   We explored the interplay between magnetic field and rotation in the de Hass - van Alphen oscillation. The effect is found to be reduced because of the re-weighting of different states within the same Landau level by rotation energy. The implications of our results on high energy physics and condensed matter physics are speculated.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·5 citations
4. 04*

   One-loop electron mass and QED trace anomaly

   Michael I. Eides🇺🇸

   Electron mass is considered as a matrix element of the energy-momentum trace in the rest frame. The one-loop diagrams for this matrix element are different from the textbook diagrams for the electron mass renormalization. We clarify connection between the two sets of diagrams and explain analytically and diagrammatically why the results of both calculations coincide.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics Overview

   Floyd W. Stecker (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and University of California, Los Angeles)🇺🇸

   This book chapter presents an overview of the historical experimental and theoretical developments in neutrino physics and astrophysics and also the physical properties of neutrinos, as well as the physical processes involving neutrinos. It also discusses the role of neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology. Correction to tex file made.

   hep-phastro-ph.HE4 citations
6. 06*

   A fresh look at the generalized parton distributions of light pseudoscalar mesons

   Zanbin Xing🇨🇳 · Minghui Ding🇩🇪 · Khépani Raya🇪🇸 · Lei Chang🇨🇳

   We present a symmetry-preserving scheme to derive the pion and kaon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in Euclidean space. The key to maintaining crucial symmetries under this approach is the treatment of the scattering amplitude, such that it contains both the traditional leading-order contributions and the scalar/vector pole contribution automatically, the latter being necessary to ensure the soft-pion theorem. The GPD is extracted analytically via the uniqueness and definition of the Mellin moments and we find that it naturally matches the double distribution; consequently, the polynomiality condition and sum rules are satisfied. The present scheme thus paves the way for the extraction of the GPD in Euclidean space using the Dyson-Schwinger equation framework or similar continuum approaches.

   hep-phEPJA(2024)·12 citations
7. 07*

   Oblique corrections from leptoquarks

   Francisco Albergaria🇵🇹 · Luís Lavoura🇵🇹

   We present general formulas for the oblique-correction parameters $S$, $T$, $U$, $V$, $W$, and $X$ in a model of New Physics having arbitrary numbers of scalar leptoquarks of the five permissible types. We allow for a general mixing among the scalars of the various electric charges, $\text{viz.}$ $-4/3$, $-1/3$, $2/3$, and $5/3$. We then extend the formulas to the case of a New Physics model with additional scalars in any representations of the gauge group $SU(2)\times U(1)$, mixing arbitrarily among themselves.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Synergy between NP and HEP research goals and efforts in fundamental symmetries and interactions

   Tanmoy Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Rajan Gupta🇺🇸 · Kate Scholberg🇺🇸

   The aim of this white paper is to highlight several areas for which the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Physics has primary stewardship or significant investment and expertise, and for which there is also significant interest and expertise within the HEP community. These areas of overlap offer exciting opportunities for collaboration.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-ex+10 citations
9. 09*

   Dihadron Production in DIS at Small $x$ at Next to Leading Order: Transverse Photons

   Filip Bergabo🇺🇸 · Jamal Jalilian-Marian🇺🇸

   We calculate the next to leading order corrections to dihadron production in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) at small x using the Color Glass Condensate formalism for the case when the virtual photon is transverse polarized. Similar to the case of longitudinal photon exchange all UV and soft singularities cancel while the collinear divergences are absorbed into quark and antiquarkhadron fragmentation functions. Rapidity divergences lead to JIMWLK evolution of dipoles and quadrupoles which describe multiple-scatterings of the quark antiquark dipole on the target proton/ nucleus and contain all the QCD dynamics of the target leading to a finite final result for the dihadron production cross section.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·32 citations
10. 10*

    Resolution of the LHCb ${\eta }_c$ anomaly

    Sudhansu S. Biswal🇮🇳 · Sushree S. Mishra🇮🇳 · K. Sridhar🇮🇳

    Due to the heavy-quark symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), the cross-section for the production of ${\eta }_c$ can be predicted. This NRQCD prediction when confronted with data from the LHCb is seen to fail miserably. We address this LHCb ${\eta }_c$ anomaly in this paper using a new approach called modified NRQCD, an approach that has been shown to work extremely well for studying $J/\psi$, ${\psi }^{\prime }$ and ${\chi }_c$ production at the LHC. We show, in the present paper, that the predictions for ${\eta }_c$ production agrees very well with LHCb measurements at the three different values of energy that the experiment has presented data for. Modified NRQCD also explains the intriguing agreement of the LHCb ${\eta }_c$ data with the colour-singlet prediction. The remarkable agreement of the theoretical predictions with the LHCb data suggests that modified NRQCD is closer to apprehending the true dynamics of quarkonium production.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Top cross section in the LHeC and FCC-he energy range

    G.R.Boroun🇮🇷

    Predictions of the top-pair production cross section in electron-proton (ep) collisions at the future circular collider hadron-electron (FCC-he) and the large hadron electron collider (LHeC) in the leading order (LO) and the next-to-leading order (NLO) approximations in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are presented. Numerical results for the top structure functions and the ratio of structure functions are computed at the renormalization scale ${\mu }^2=Q^2+4m_t^2$ in the collinear generalized double asymptotic scaling (DAS) approach. These results are presented in terms of the effective parameters of the parameterization of $F_2(x,Q^2)$, where relying on a Froissart-bounded. These quantitative results can be important for future collider experiments at the center-of-mass energy frontier and the improvement of the phenomenological models for the development of the cosmic ray cascades in ultra-high-energy domain. We obtained the uncertainties because of the power-law behavior $x^{-\Delta }$ of the collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), the factorization, and renormalization scales, on the top properties at high inelasticity for the FCC-he center-of-mass (CM) energy at the NLO approximation.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·5 citations
12. 12*

    Determination of the top-quark mass from top-quark pair events with the matrix element method at next-to-leading order: Potential and prospects

    Till Martini🇩🇪 · Turan Nuraliyev🇩🇪 · Peter Uwer🇩🇪

    In 2004 the matrix element method was used in a pioneering work by the Tevatron experiment D0 to determine the top-quark mass from a handful of events. Since then the method has been matured into a powerful analysis tool. While the first applications were restricted to leading-order accuracy, in the meantime also the extension to next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy has been studied. In this article we explore the potential of the matrix element method at NLO to determine the top-quark mass using events with pair-produced top quarks. We simulate a toy experiment by generating unweighted events with a fixed input mass and apply the matrix element method to construct an estimator for the top-quark mass. Two different setups are investigated: unweighted events obtained from the fixed-order cross section at NLO accuracy as well as events obtained using POWHEG matched to a parton shower. The latter lead to a more realistic simulation and allow to study the impact of higher-order corrections as well as the robustness of the approach. We find that the matrix element method in NLO accuracy leads to a significant reduction of the theoretical uncertainties compared to leading order. In view of the high luminosity phase of the LHC, this observation is especially relevant in analyses which are no longer dominated by statistical uncertainties.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Hypothesis of a new fundamental interaction versus the particle oscillation concept

    L.M.Slad🇷🇺

    A significant part of the present work is devoted to proving that the basic elements of the particle oscillation concept either do not correspond to the principles of classical logic, or violate the energy-momentum conservation law, or contradict the quantum mechanical basis of coherence, or represent a primitive falsehood. Our analysis concerns successively all stages of the formation of the concept from its conceiving to the assertion about the conversion of the solar electron neutrino into a muon one. When discussing a new fundamental interaction, we note the decisive role in the outcome of the processes of changing the handedness of a neutrino (antineutrino) at each act of its interaction with a real or virtual massless pseudoscalar boson, due to which, at the exit from the Sun, the fluxes of left- and right-handed electron neutrinos become approximately equal. Thanks to the new interaction, beta decays of nuclei have a mode with the emission of a massless pseudoscalar boson, at which the antineutrino changes its handedness and becomes unobservable, what is the essence of the reactor antineutrino anomaly.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRhep-ex0 citations
14. 14*

    Is $d^{\ast }(2380)$ a compact hexaquark state?

    ManYing Pan🇨🇳 · Xinmei Zhu🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳

    The most fascinating dibaryon in the non-strange quark sector is $d^{\ast }(2380)$, which was reported by WASA-at-COSY Collaboration and confirmed by A2@MAMI Collaboration. The reported mass and width are $M\approx 2.37$ GeV, $\Gamma \approx 70$ MeV and the quantum numbers $I{J}^P=03^{+}$. The structure of $d^{\ast }(2380)$ is still in controversy. In the present calculation, the powerful method in few-body system, Gaussian expansion method is employed to explore the structure of $d^{\ast }(2380)$ in the framework of constituent quark models without assuming the presupposed structure. The results show that the radius of $d^{\ast }(2380)$ is around 0.7 fm, a very compact object. Because of the compact structure, the color singlet-singlet component has a large overlap with the color octet-octet one, two colorless, large overlapped $\Delta$s dominate the state is possible.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·8 citations
15. 15*

    Can Sterile Neutrino Explain Very High Energy Photons from GRB221009A?

    Shu-Yuan Guo🇨🇳 · Maxim Khlopov🇷🇺 · Lei Wu🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    The LHAASO collaboration has reported their observation of very high energy photons ($E_{\gamma }^{max}\simeq 18$ TeV) from the gamma-ray burst GRB221009A. The sterile neutrino that involves both mixing and transition magnetic moment may be a viable explanation for these high energy photon events. However, we demonstrate that such a solution is strongly disfavored by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the standard cosmology.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·16 citations
16. 16*

    Investigation of the scale dependence in the MSR and $\overline{\text{MS}}$ top quark mass schemes for the $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ invariant mass differential cross section using LHC data

    Toni Mäkelä🇩🇪 · André Hoang🇦🇹 · Katerina Lipka🇩🇪 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪

    The computation of the single-differential top quark-antiquark pair ($\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$) production cross section at NLO in the fixed-order expansion is examined consistently using the MSR and $\overline{\text{MS}}$ short-distance top quark mass schemes. A thorough investigation of the dependence of different regions of the $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ invariant mass spectrum on the renormalization scales $R$ and ${\mu }_m$ of the MSR mass $m_{\mathrm{t}}^{\text{MSR}}(R)$ and $\overline{\text{MS}}$ mass ${\overline{m}}_{\mathrm{t}}({\mu }_m)$, respectively, is carried out. We demonstrate that a scale choice of $R\sim 80$~GeV is important for the stability of the cross-section predictions for the low $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ invariant mass range, which is important for a reliable extraction of the top quark mass. Furthermore, a choice of semi-dynamical renormalization and factorization scales is preferred. These findings are expected to remain valid once non-relativistic quasi-bound state effects are included in the low invariant mass region.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Quark-lepton Yukawa ratios and nucleon decay in SU(5) GUTs with type-III seesaw

    Stefan Antusch🇨🇭 · Kevin Hinze🇨🇭 · Shaikh Saad🇨🇭

    We consider an extension of the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) GUT model by a 45-dimensional scalar and a 24-dimensional fermionic representation, where the latter leads to the generation of the observed light neutrino masses via a combination of a type I and a type III seesaw mechanism. Within this scenario, we investigate the viability of predictions for the ratios between the charged lepton and down-type quark Yukawa couplings, focusing on the second and third family. Such predictions can emerge when the relevant entries of the Yukawa matrices are generated from single joint GUT operators (i.e. under the condition of single operator dominance). We show that three combinations are viable, (i) $y_{\tau }/y_b=3/2$, $y_{\mu }/y_s=9/2$, (ii) $y_{\tau }/y_b=2$, $y_{\mu }/y_s=9/2$, and (iii) $y_{\tau }/y_b=2$, $y_{\mu }/y_s=6$. We extend these possibilities to three toy models, accounting also for the first family masses, and calculate their predictions for various nucleon decay rates. We also analyse how the requirement of gauge coupling unification constrains the masses of potentially light relic states testable at colliders.

    hep-phNPB(2023)·15 citations
18. 18*

    Field-Theoretic Analysis of Hadronization Using Soft Drop Jet Mass

    Anna Ferdinand🇬🇧 · Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Aditya Pathak🇬🇧

    One of the greatest challenges in quantum chromodynamics is understanding the hadronization mechanism, which is also crucial for carrying out precision physics with jet substructure. In this Letter, we combine recent advancements in our understanding of the field theory-based nonperturbative structure of the soft drop jet mass with precise perturbative calculations of its multi-differential variants at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. This enables a systematic study of its hadronization power corrections in a completely model-independent way. We calibrate and test hadronization models and their interplay with parton showers by comparing our universality predictions with various event generators for quark and gluon initiated jets in both lepton-lepton and hadron-hadron collisions. We find that hadronization models perform better for quark jets relative to gluon jets. Our results provide the necessary toolkit for precision studies with the soft drop jet mass motivating future analyses using real world collider data. The nontrivial constraints derived in our framework are useful for improving the modeling of hadronization and its interface with parton showers in next generation event generators.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Fits of ${\alpha }_s$ using power corrections in the three-jet region

    Paolo Nason🇮🇹 · Giulia Zanderighi🇩🇪

    In this work we study the impact of recent findings regarding non-perturbative corrections in the three-jet region to $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ hadronic observables, by performing a simultaneous fit of the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$ and the non-perturbative parameter ${\alpha }_0$. We extend the calculation of these power corrections, already known for thrust and C-parameter, to other $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ hadronic observables. We find that for some observables the non-perturbative corrections are reasonably well behaved in the two-jet limit, while for others they have a more problematic behaviour. If one limits the fit to the three-jet region and to the well-behaved observables, one finds in general very good results, with the extracted value of ${\alpha }_s$ agreeing well with the world average. This is the case in particular for the thrust and $C$-parameter for which notably small values of ${\alpha }_s$ have been reported when non-perturbative corrections have been computed using analytic methods. Furthermore, the more problematic variables are also well described provided one stays far enough from the two-jet limit, while in this same region they cannot be described using the traditional implementation of power-corrections based on two-jet kinematics.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·52 citations
20. 20*

    Power Corrections to Energy Flow Correlations from Large Spin Perturbation

    Hao Chen🇨🇳 · Xinan Zhou🇨🇳 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    Dynamics of high energy scattering in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are primarily probed through detector energy flow correlations. One important example is the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC), whose back-to-back limit probes correlations of QCD on the lightcone and can be described by a transverse-momentum dependent factorization formula in the leading power approximation. In this work, we develop a systematic method to go beyond this approximation. We identify the origin of logarithmically enhanced contributions in the back-to-back limit as the exchange of operators with low twists and large spins in the local operator product expansion. Using techniques from the conformal bootstrap, the large logarithms beyond leading power can be resummed to all orders in the perturbative coupling. As an illustration of this method, we perform an all-order resummation of the leading and next-to-leading logarithms beyond the leading power in $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills theory.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·30 citations
21. 21*

    Triggering Higgs vacuum decay

    Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹

    The Standard Model Higgs potential seems unstable at field values $h>h_{\mathrm{top}}\sim 10^{10}\mathrm{GeV}$. Vacuum decay can be triggered by $N\sim 4\pi /\lambda \sim 1000$ overlapped Higgs bosons with energy $\sqrt{\lambda }{h}_{\mathrm{top}}$. However, this configuration is stimulated by ultra-high energy collisions with a $\exp (-\mathcal{O}(N))$ suppression, comparable to spontaneous vacuum decay: no `Higgspolosion' enhancement arises. This implies that ultra-high energy cosmic ray collisions are safe, despite that their number (in production sites) likely is tens of orders of magnitude higher than what usually estimated (in space). We speculate on how vacuum decay could be induced classically, forming a in-coming wave of $N$ boosted Higgs bosons at futuristic ultra-high energy colliders, and on how the resulting vacuum bubble could be controlled to extract energy.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2023)·4 citations
22. 22*

    Searching for Ultralight Dark Matter Conversion in Solar Corona using Low Frequency Array Data

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Xingyao Chen🇨🇳 · Shuailiang Ge🇨🇳 · Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Yan Luo🇨🇳

    Ultralight dark photons and axions are well-motivated hypothetical dark matter candidates. Both dark photon dark matter and axion dark matter can resonantly convert into electromagnetic waves in the solar corona when their mass is equal to the solar plasma frequency. The resultant electromagnetic waves appear as monochromatic signals within the radio-frequency range with an energy equal to the dark matter mass, which can be detected via radio telescopes for solar observations. Here we show our search for converted monochromatic signals in the observational data collected by the high-sensitivity Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope and establish an upper limit on the kinetic mixing coupling between dark photon dark matter and photon, which can reach values as low as $10^{-13}$ within the frequency range of $30-80$ MHz. This limit represents an improvement of approximately one order of magnitude better than the existing constraint from the cosmic microwave background observation. Additionally, we derive an upper limit on the axion-photon coupling within the same frequency range, which is better than the constraints from Light-Shining-through-a-Wall experiments while not exceeding the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) experiment or other astrophysical bounds.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-exNature Commun.(2024)·45 citations
23. 23*

    Celestial Objects as Strongly-Interacting Non-Annihilating Dark Matter Detectors

    Anupam Ray (UC Berkeley)🇺🇸

    Non-annihilating dark matter particles, owing to their interactions with ordinary baryonic matter, can efficiently accumulate inside celestial objects. For heavy mass, they gravitate toward the core of the celestial objects, thermalize in a small core region, and eventually form tiny black holes via core collapse, resulting destruction of the host objects. We demonstrate that the existence of a variety of celestial objects provides stringent constraints on strongly-interacting heavy dark matter, a blind-spot for the terrestrial dark matter detectors as well as for the cosmological probes. Celestial objects with larger sizes and lower core temperatures, such as Jupiter, are the most optimal detectors to probe the strongly-interacting heavy non-annihilating dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPPRD(2023)·41 citations
24. 24*

    Directed flow and global polarization in Au+Au collisions across energies covered by the beam energy scan at RHIC

    Ze-Fang Jiang🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇳 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

    We study the directed flow of identified particles in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=7.7$ to 62.4 GeV. The Glauber model is extended to include both a tilted deformation of the QGP fireball with respect to the longitudinal direction and a non-zero longitudinal flow velocity gradient in the initial state. By combining this improved initial condition with a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model calculation, we obtain a satisfactory description of the transverse momentum spectra and the rapidity dependent directed flow coefficient of different hadron species. Our calculation indicates the sensitivity of the hadron directed flow, especially its splitting between protons and antiprotons, to both the initial geometry and the initial longitudinal flow velocity. Therefore, the combination of directed flow of different hadrons can provide a tight constraint on the initial condition of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The initial condition extracted from the directed flow is further tested with the global polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ within the same theoretical framework, where we obtain a reasonable description of these hyperon polarization observed at different collision energies at RHIC.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·19 citations
25. 25*

    Dimensional Regularization in Quantum Field Theory with Ultraviolet Cutoff

    Durmus Demir🇹🇷 · Canan Karahan🇹🇷 · Ozan Sargın🇹🇷

    In view of various field-theoretic reasons, in the present work, we study the question of if the usual dimensional regularization can be extended to quantum field theories with an ultraviolet cutoff (Poincare-breaking scale) in a way preserving all the properties of the dimensional regularization. And we find that it can indeed be. The resulting extension gives a framework in which the power-law and logarithmic divergences get detached to involve different scales. This new regularization scheme, the detached regularization as we call it, enables one to treat the power-law and logarithmic divergences differently and independently. We apply the detached regularization to the computation of the vacuum energy and to two well-known QFTs namely the scalar and spinor electrodynamics. As a case study, we consider Fujikawa's subtractive renormalization in the framework of the detached regularization, and show its effectiveness up to two loops by specializing to scalar self energy. We discuss various application areas of the detached regularization.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
26. 26*

    GPDs in asymmetric frames

    Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Krzysztof Cichy🇵🇱 · Martha Constantinou🇺🇸 · Jack Dodson🇺🇸 · Xiang Gao🇺🇸 · Andreas Metz🇺🇸 · Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Aurora Scapellato🇺🇸 · Fernanda Steffens🇩🇪 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸

    It is often taken for granted that Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) are defined in the "symmetric" frame, where the transferred momentum is symmetrically distributed between the incoming/outgoing hadrons. However, such frames pose computational challenges for the lattice QCD practitioners. In these proceedings, we lay the foundation for lattice QCD calculations of GPDs in "asymmetric" frames, where the transferred momentum is not symmetrically distributed between the incoming/outgoing hadrons. The novelty of our work relies on the parameterization of the matrix elements in terms of Lorentz-invariant amplitudes, which not only helps in establishing relations between the said frames but also helps in isolating higher-twist contaminations. As an example, we focus on the unpolarized GPDs for spin-1/2 particles.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2023)·8 citations
27. 27*

    Improved limits on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons from optical atomic clock comparisons

    M. Filzinger🇩🇪 · S. Dörscher🇩🇪 · R. Lange🇩🇪 · J. Klose🇩🇪 · M. Steinel🇩🇪 · E. Benkler🇩🇪 · E. Peik🇩🇪 · C. Lisdat🇩🇪 · N. Huntemann🇩🇪

    We present improved constraints on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons based on long-term measurements of two optical frequency ratios. In these optical clock comparisons, we relate the frequency of the ${}^2{S}_{1/2}(F=0)\leftrightarrow {}^2{F}_{7/2}(F=3)$ electric-octupole (E3) transition in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ to that of the ${}^2{S}_{1/2}(F=0)\leftrightarrow {}^2{D}_{3/2}(F=2)$ electric-quadrupole (E2) transition of the same ion, and to that of the ${}^1{S}_0\leftrightarrow {}^3{P}_0$ transition in ${}^{87}$Sr. Measurements of the first frequency ratio ${\nu }_{\text{E3}}/{\nu }_{\text{E2}}$ are performed via interleaved interrogation of both transitions in a single ion. The comparison of the single-ion clock based on the E3 transition with a strontium optical lattice clock yields the second frequency ratio ${\nu }_{\text{E3}}/{\nu }_{\text{Sr}}$. By constraining oscillations of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ with these measurement results, we improve existing bounds on the scalar coupling $d_e$ of ultralight dark matter to photons for dark matter masses in the range of about $10^{-24}-10^{-17}\text{eV}/c^2$. These results constitute an improvement by more than an order of magnitude over previous investigations for most of this range. We also use the repeated measurements of ${\nu }_{\text{E3}}/{\nu }_{\text{E2}}$ to improve existing limits on a linear temporal drift of $\alpha$ and its coupling to gravity.

    ↳ physics.atom-phgr-qchep-phphysics.opticsPRL(2023)·130 citations
28. 28*

    Impact of nuclear shape fluctuations in high-energy heavy ion collisions

    Aman Dimri🇺🇸 · Somadutta Bhatta🇺🇸 · Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸

    The shape of atomic nuclei is often interpreted to possess a quadrupole deformation that fluctuates around some average profile. We investigate the impact of nuclear shape fluctuations on the initial state geometry in heavy ion collisions, particularly its eccentricity ${\epsilon }_2$ and inverse size $d_{\perp }$, which can be related to the elliptic and radial flow in the final state. The fluctuation in overall quadrupole deformation enhances the variances and modifies the skewness and kurtosis of the ${\epsilon }_2$ and $d_{\perp }$ in a controllable manner. The fluctuation in triaxiality reduces the difference between prolate and oblate shape for any observable, whose values, in the large fluctuation limit, approach those obtained in collisions of rigid triaxial nuclei. The method to disentangle the mean and variance of the quadrupole deformation is discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJA(2023)·29 citations
29. 29*

    Non-oscillating Early Dark Energy and Quintessence from Alpha-Attractors

    Lucy Brissenden🇬🇧 · Konstantinos Dimopoulos🇬🇧 · Samuel Sánchez López🇬🇧

    Early dark energy (EDE) is one of the most promising possibilities in order to resolve the Hubble tension: the discrepancy between early and late-Universe measurements of the Hubble constant. In this paper we propose a model of a scalar field which can explain both EDE and late Dark Energy (DE) in a joined manner without additional fine-tuning. The field features kinetic poles as with alpha-attractors. Our model provides an injection of EDE near matter-radiation equality, and redshifts away shortly after via free-fall, later refreezing to become late-time DE at the present day. Using reasonable estimates of the current constraints on EDE from the literature, we find that the parameter space is narrow but viable. As such our model is readily falsifiable. In contrast to other work in EDE, our model is non-oscillatory, which causes its decay to be faster than that of the usual oscillatory EDE, thereby achieving better agreement with observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thAstropart.Phys.(2024)·31 citations
30. 30*

    Inflation and Primordial Black Holes

    Ogan Özsoy🇨🇿 · Gianmassimo Tasinato🇬🇧

    We review conceptual aspects of inflationary scenarios able to produce primordial black holes, by amplifying the size of curvature fluctuations to the level required for triggering black hole formation. We identify general mechanisms to do so, both for single and multiple field inflation. In single field inflation, the spectrum of curvature fluctuations is enhanced by pronounced gradients of background quantities controlling the cosmological dynamics, which can induce brief phases of non--slow-roll inflationary evolution. In multiple field inflation, the amplification occurs through appropriate couplings with additional sectors, characterized by tachyonic instabilities that enhance the size of their fluctuations. As representative examples, we consider axion inflation, and two-field models of inflation with rapid turns in field space. We develop our discussion in a pedagogical manner, by including some of the most relevant calculations, and by guiding the reader through the existing theoretical literature, emphasizing general themes common to several models.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thUniverse(2023)·197 citations
31. 31*

    1+1D Hadrons Minimize their Biparton Renyi Free Energy

    Pouya Asadi🇺🇸 · Varun Vaidya🇺🇸

    We use a variational method to calculate the spectrum and the parton distribution function of ground state hadrons of various gauge theories in 1+1 dimensions. The template functions in our method minimize a free energy functional defined as a combination of free valence partons' kinetic energy on the lightcone and the Renyi entanglement entropy of biparton subsystems. Our results show that hadrons in these theories minimize the proposed free energy. The success of this technique motivates applying it to confining gauge theories in higher dimensions.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thquant-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
32. 32*

    EDGES of the dark forest: A new absorption window into the composite dark matter and large scale structure

    Anoma Ganguly🇮🇳 · Rishi Khatri🇮🇳 · Tuhin S. Roy🇮🇳

    We propose a new method to hunt for dark matter using dark forest/absorption features across the whole electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma rays, especially in the bands where there is a desert i.e. regions where no strong lines from baryons are expected. Such novel signatures can arise for dark matter models with a composite nature and internal electromagnetic transitions. The photons from a background source can interact with the dark matter resulting in an absorption signal in the source spectrum. In the case of a compact source, such as a quasar, such interactions in the dark matter halos can produce a series of closely spaced absorption lines, which we call the dark forest. We show that the dark forest feature is a sensitive probe of the dark matter self-interactions and the halo mass function, especially at the low mass end. There is a large volume of parameter space where dark forest is more sensitive compared to the best current and proposed direct detection experiments. Moreover, the absorption of CMB photons by dark matter gives rise to a global absorption signal in the CMB spectrum. For dark matter transition energies in the range $2.5\times 10^{-4}$ eV$-$ $5\times 10^3$ eV, such absorption features result in spectral distortions of the CMB in the COBE/FIRAS band of 60-600 GHz. If the dark matter transition frequency is $\sim$156 GHz, we show that the absorption of CMB photons by dark matter can provide an explanation for the anomalous absorption feature detected by the EDGES collaboration in 50-100 MHz range.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
33. 33*

    Clifford odd and even objects in even and odd dimensional spaces describing internal spaces of fermion and boson fields

    Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik🇸🇮

    In a long series of works, it has been demonstrated, that the {\it spin-charge-family} theory offers the explanation for all in the {\it standard model} assumed properties of the second quantized fermion and boson fields, offering several predictions as well as explanations for several of the observed phenomena. The theory assumes a simple starting action in even dimensional spaces with $d\ge (13+1)$ with massless fermions interacting with gravity only. The internal spaces of fermion and boson fields are described by the Clifford odd and even objects, respectively. This contribution discusses the properties of the fermion and boson fields in odd dimensional spaces, $d=(2n+1)$, with the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields described again by the Clifford odd and even objects, respectively, pointing out that their properties differ essentially from the properties in even dimensional spaces, resembling the ghost needed when looking for final solutions with Feynman diagrams.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phSymmetry(2023)·6 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.