Wed·Dec 28, 2022Wednesday·December 28, 2022

1. 01*

   The Hubble Rate Trouble: An Effective Field Theory of Dark Matter

   Alvaro S. de Jesus🇧🇷 · Nelson Pinto-Neto🇧🇷 · Farinaldo S. Queiroz🇧🇷 · Joseph Silk🇫🇷 · Dêivid R. da Silva🇧🇷

   The Hubble constant inferred from the 6-parameter fit to the CMB power spectrum conflicts with the value obtained from direct measurements via type Ia supernova and Cepheids observations. We write down effective operators involving spin-0, spin-1/2, and spin-1 dark matter that lead to the relativistic production of dark matter particles at early times, and consequently lead to an increase in the number of relativistic degrees of freedom. This mechanism which is amenable to CMB, BBN, and structure formation observables can sufficiently raise the value of the Hubble constant derived from CMB and reconcile local and CMB probes of the Hubble constant. This mechanism alone increases $H_0$ up to $70\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$, and with the help of a Phantom-like cosmology, reach $H_0\simeq 71-73\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$. Lastly, we outline the region of parameter space which reproduces $H_0\simeq 71-73\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$ while obeying all relevant constraints.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thEPJC(2023)·9 citations
2. 02*

   QCD phase transition studied by means of hadron production

   Jan Rafelski (Arizona)🇺🇸 · Michal Petran🇺🇸

   This is a brief review of our work describing the hadronization process of a QGP fireball formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We introduce the SHARE method of analysis of hadron multiplicities. Using this tool we describe in consistent continuos manner the yield of all hadrons produced in the available range of reaction energies and centralities. The properties of the fireball final state can be understood by considering all primary hadronic particles. The dense hadron fireball created at SPS, RHIC, and LHC shows that the final state is differentiated solely by: i) volume changes; and ii) flavor (strangeness, charm) content. Conversely, emerging particles add up to create universal hadronization pressure $P=80\pm 3$ MeV/fm${}^3$ for all considered collision systems. The relative strangeness to entropy content of a large fireball is found to be that of quark-gluon plasma degrees of freedom near the chemical QGP equilibrium. This 'Universal Hadronization' condition common to SPS, RHIC, and LHC agrees with the proposed reaction picture of a direct QGP fireball evaporation into free-streaming hadrons.

   hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.(2015)·5 citations
3. 03*

   $A_4$ Modular Flavour Model of Quark Mass Hierarchies close to the Fixed Point $\tau =\omega$

   S. T. Petcov🇮🇹 · M. Tanimoto🇯🇵

   We investigate the possibility to describe the quark mass hierarchies as well as the CKM quark mixing matrix without fine-tuning in a quark flavour model with modular $A_4$ symmetry. The quark mass hierarchies are considered in the vicinity of the fixed point $\tau =\omega \equiv \exp (i2\pi /3)$ (the left cusp of the fundamental domain of the modular group), $\tau$ being the VEV of the modulus. The model involves modular forms of level 3 and weights 6, 4 and 2, and contains eight constants, only two of which, $g_u$ and $g_d$, can be a source of CP violation in addition to the VEV of the modulus, $\tau =\omega +ϵ$, $(ϵ{)}^{\ast }\ne ϵ$, $|ϵ|\ll 1$. We find that in the case of real (CP-conserving) $g_u$ and $g_d$ and common $\tau$ ($ϵ$) in the down-quark and up-quark sectors, the down-type quark mass hierarchies can be reproduced without fine tuning with $|ϵ|\cong 0.03$, all other constants being of $\mathcal{O}(1)$, and correspond approximately to $1:|ϵ|:|ϵ{|}^2$. The up-type quark mass hierarchies can be achieved with the same $|ϵ|\cong 0.03$ but allowing $g_u\sim \mathcal{O}(10)$ and correspond to $1:|ϵ|/|g_u|:|ϵ{|}^2/|g_u{|}^2$. In this setting, we discuss the CKM quark mixing and CP violation.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·58 citations
4. 04*

   Angular Dependence of the Polarization Transfer to the Proton in the $e\vec{p}\to e\vec{p}$ Process

   M.V. Galynskii🇧🇾

   The dependence of the longitudinal polarization transfer to the proton in the $e\vec{p}\to e\vec{p}$ process on the proton scattering angle has been numerically analyzed for the case where the initial (at rest) proton is partially polarized along the direction of motion of the detected recoil proton. The analysis is based on the results of JLab polarization experiments on measuring the ratio of the Sachs form factors in the $\vec{e}p\to e\vec{p}$ process using the Kelly (2004) and Qattan (2015) parameterizations for their ratio, in the kinematics of the SANE Collaboration experiment (2020) on measuring the double spin asymmetry in the $\vec{e}\vec{p}\to ep$ process. It is shown that the violation of the scaling of the Sachs form factors leads to a significant increase in the magnitude of the polarization transfer to the proton in comparison with the case of dipole dependence.

   hep-phnucl-exJETP Lett.(2022)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Neutrino flavor mixing with approximate $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry within the low-scale minimal linear seesaw model

   Ernesto A. Matute🇨🇱

   Neutrino flavor mixing is explained within the recently proposed low-scale minimal linear seesaw model of neutrino mass generation, a variant of the standard linear seesaw led by a Dirac pair of extra sterile neutrinos which is odd under a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry and has a mass at or below the GeV scale. The tri-bimaximal mixing and its deviations are derived straightforwardly on the basis of the symmetry between $\mu$ and $\tau$ flavors, without introducing non-abelian discrete flavor symmetries in the first place.

   hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2022)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Confirming the existence of a new higher charmonium $\psi (4500)$ by the newly released data of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$

   Jun-Zhang Wang🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   Recently, the BESIII Collaboration published the Born cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$, in which a new vector enhancement structure $Y(4500)$ was observed for the first time. The mass of the $Y(4500)$ resonance structure is in good agreement with our previous prediction for a $5S$-$4D$ mixing charmonium candidate $\psi (4500)$, while the measured width is $2\sigma$ larger than the theoretical estimate. In this work, we reanalyzed the cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$ by introducing two theoretically predicted charmonium states $\psi (4220)$ and $\psi (4500)$ as intermediate resonances, and found that this width deviation problem can be resolved. Meanwhile, we found that the inclusion of two established charmonium states $\psi (4160)$ and $\psi (4415)$ can further improve the fit quality, with four sets of widely different solutions to ${\Gamma }_{e^{+}{e}^{-}}\mathcal{B}(\psi \to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi )$. In order to better identify the properties of the $Y(4500)$, we calculated the charmonium hadronic transition to final states $K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$ within the charmed meson loop mechanism, where the fitted branching ratio of $\psi (4500)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$ can be well explained by the theoretical calculation, further supporting the new enhancement structure around 4.5 GeV as a higher charmonium $\psi (4500)$ that we predicted. Finally, we also discussed the possible signal of another predicted charmonium candidate $\psi (4380)$ in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$. These research results should be an important step in constructing the charmonium family and thoroughly solving the charmoniumlike $Y$ problem.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·27 citations
7. 07*

   Dark Photon Dark Matter from Cosmic Strings and Gravitational Wave Background

   Naoya Kitajima🇯🇵 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵

   Dark photon dark matter may be produced by the cosmic strings in association with the dark U(1) gauge symmetry breaking. We perform three-dimensional lattice simulations of the Abelian-Higgs model and follow the evolution of cosmic strings. In particular, we simulate the case of (very) light vector boson and find that such vector bosons are efficiently produced by the collapse of small loops while the production is inefficient in the case of heavy vector boson. We calculate the spectrum of the gravitational wave background produced by the cosmic string loops for the light vector boson case and find characteristic features in the spectrum, which can serve as a probe of the dark photon dark matter scenario. In particular, we find that the current ground-based detectors may be sensitive to such gravitational wave signals and also on-going/future pulsar timing observations give stringent constraint on the dark photon dark matter scenario.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·42 citations
8. 08*

   Spin polarization and correlation of quarks from glasma

   Avdhesh Kumar🇹🇼 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼

   We investigate the interaction of strong color fields in the glasma stage of high-energy nuclear collisions with the spins of quarks and antiquarks. We employ the perturbative solution of the quantum kinetic theory for the spin transport of (massive) quarks in a background color field governed by the linearized Yang-Mills equation and derive expressions for the quark-spin polarization and quark-antiquark spin correlation at small momentum in terms of field correlators. For the Golec-Biernat Wüsthoff dipole distribution the quark-spin polarization vanishes, but the out-of-plane spin correlation of quarks and antiquarks is nonzero. Our order-of-magnitude estimate of the correlation far exceeds that caused by vorticity effects, but does not fully explain the data for vector meson alignment. We identify possible mechanisms that could further increase the predicted spin correlation.

   ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·31 citations
9. 09*

   $\alpha$-attractor inflation: Models and predictions

   Sukannya Bhattacharya🇮🇹 · Koushik Dutta🇮🇳 · Mayukh R. Gangopadhyay🇮🇳 · Anshuman Maharana🇮🇳

   The $\alpha$-attractor models are some of the most interesting models of inflation from the point of view of upcoming observations in cosmology and also attractive from the point of view of supergravity. We confront representative models of exponential and polynomial $\alpha$-attractors with the latest cosmological data (Planck'18+BICEP2/Keck array) to obtain predictions and best fit values of model parameters. The analysis is done by making use of ModeChord and CosmoMC plugged together via PolyChord.

   ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·28 citations
10. 10*

    Enhancement of second-order gravitational waves at Q-ball decay

    Shinta Kasuya🇯🇵 · Masahiro Kawasaki🇯🇵 · Kai Murai🇯🇵

    The recent observation of ${}^4$He favors a large lepton asymmetry at the big bang nucleosynthesis. If Q-balls with a lepton charge decay after the electroweak phase transition, such a large lepton asymmetry can be generated without producing too large baryon asymmetry. In this scenario, Q-balls dominate the universe before the decay and induces the sharp transition from the early matter-dominated era to the radiation-dominated era. In this transition, the gravitational waves (GWs) are enhanced through a second-order effect of the scalar perturbations. We evaluate the density of the produced GWs and show that pulsar timing array observations can probe this scenario depending on the amplitude of the scalar perturbations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·26 citations
11. 11*

    FRB dark sirens: Measuring the Hubble constant with unlocalized fast radio bursts

    Ze-Wei Zhao🇨🇳 · Ji-Guo Zhang · Yichao Li🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to measure cosmological parameters by employing the Macquart relation. However, at present, only a small number of FRB events are localized to host galaxies with known redshifts. Inspired by the dark siren method in gravitational wave cosmology, we develop a Bayesian method to statistically measure the Hubble constant using unlocalized FRBs and galaxy catalog data, which makes it possible to constrain cosmological parameters from a large number of FRB data without known redshifts, meanwhile including the real galaxy information. We assume that the probability for a galaxy to host an FRB is proportional to the luminosity of this galaxy and use the results from the IllustrisTNG simulation as the priors of FRB host galaxy parameters. Ignoring some systematic errors, we obtain the first statistical $H_0$ measurement only using twelve unlocalized FRB events combined with the big bang nucleosynthesis result, i.e., $H_0=80.4_{-19.4}^{+24.1}$ km s${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$, ($68\%$ highest-density interval). This method can also be refined to constrain other cosmological and FRB parameters. It is applicable to well-localized FRBs that still have several potential hosts.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph50 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.