Tue·Dec 27, 2022Tuesday·December 27, 2022

1. 01*

   Neutrino Oscillations in Matter using the Adjugate of the Hamiltonian

   Asli Abdullahi🇺🇸 · Stephen J. Parke🇺🇸

   We revisit neutrino oscillations in constant matter density for a number of different scenarios: three flavors with the standard Wolfenstein matter potential, four flavors with standard matter potential and three flavors with non-standard matter potentials. To calculate the oscillation probabilities for these scenarios one must determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hamiltonians. We use a method for calculating the eigenvalues that is well known, determination of the zeros of determinant of matrix $(\lambda I-H)$, where H is the Hamiltonian, I the identity matrix and $\lambda$ is a scalar. To calculate the associated eigenvectors we use a method that is little known in the particle physics community, the calculation of the adjugate (transpose of the cofactor matrix) of the same matrix, $(\lambda I-H)$. This method can be applied to any Hamiltonian, but provides a very simple way to determine the eigenvectors for neutrino oscillation in matter, independent of the complexity of the matter potential. This method can be trivially automated using the Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm for numerical calculations. For the above scenarios we derive a number of quantities that are invariant of the matter potential, many are new such as the generalization of the Naumov-Harrison-Scott identity for four or more flavors of neutrinos. We also show how these matter potential independent quantities become matter potential dependent when off-diagonal non-standard matter effects are included.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Dark matter effects on hybrid star properties

   César H. Lenzi🇧🇷 · Mariana Dutra🇧🇷 · Odilon Lourenço🇧🇷 · Luiz L. Lopes🇧🇷 · Débora P. Menezes🇧🇷

   In the present work we investigate the effects of dark matter (DM) on hybrid star properties. We assume that dark matter is mixed with both hadronic and quark matter and interact with them through the exchange of a Higgs boson. The hybrid star properties are obtained from equations of state calculated with a Maxwell prescription. For the hadronic matter we use the NL3* parameter set and for the quark matter, the MIT bag model with a vector interaction. We see that dark matter does not influence the phase transition points (pressure and chemical potential) but shifts the discontinuity on the energy density, which ultimately reduces the minimum mass star that contains a quark core. Moreover, it changes considerably the star family mass-radius diagrams and moves the merger polarizability curves inside the confidence lines. Another interesting feature is the influence of DM in the quark core of the hybrid stars constructed. Our results show an increase of the core radius for higher values of the dark particle Fermi momentum.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·39 citations
3. 03*

   Excited doubly heavy baryons production via Higgs decays

   Hong-Hao Ma🇨🇳 · Juan-Juan Niu🇨🇳

   Through the interaction of Higgs with heavy quarks in standard model, we have systematically studied and predicted the production of excited doubly heavy baryons based on non-relativistic QCD theory. The decay widths, differential distributions, and major theoretical uncertainties of the excited doubly heavy baryons via the process $H\to ⟨Q{Q}^{\prime }⟩[n]\to {\Xi }_{Q{Q}^{\prime }}+\overline{Q^{\prime }}+\bar{Q}$ are discussed in detail. The spin and color quantum number of the intermediate $P$-wave diquark state $⟨Q{Q}^{\prime }⟩[n]$ can be $⟨cc⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}}$, $⟨cc⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_6$, $⟨bc⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}/6}$, $⟨bc⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_{\bar{3}/6}$, $⟨bb⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}}$ and $⟨bb⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_6$, with $J=0,1,2$. The contributions from all summed $P$-wave states can be about $3.05\%$, $3.23\%$ and $2.19\%$ of the $S$-wave states for the production of ${\Xi }_{cc}$, ${\Xi }_{bc}$ and ${\Xi }_{bb}$, accordingly. Therefore, there will be about 0.41$\times 10^4$ events of ${\Xi }_{cc}$, 6.35$\times 10^4$ events of ${\Xi }_{bc}$ and 0.28$\times 10^4$ events of ${\Xi }_{bb}$ produced per year at the HL-LHC, and a smaller number of events would be produced at the CEPC or ILC but with a cleaner background to be measured by the experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·13 citations
4. 04*

   Some applications of the Eikonal model with Coulomb and curvature corrections in $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ scattering

   Phuoc Ha🇺🇸

   Using a simple eikonal approach to the treatment of Coulomb-nuclear interference and form-factors effects and taking into account the curvature effects in high-energy $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ scattering, we determine the basic parameters $B$, $\rho$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{tot}}$ from fits to experiment at $W=\sqrt{s}=$ 53 GeV, 62.3 GeV, 8 TeV, and 13 TeV. We then investigate the differential cross sections in the dip region for $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ elastic scattering at $W=$ 53 GeV and 1.96 TeV. We find that the results of the basic parameters calculated using the simple eikonal approach agree well with the values determined in other analyses. We find that Coulomb effects are significant in the dip region at 53 GeV and 1.96 TeV, and must be taken into account in searches for odderon effects through cross section differences in that energy region.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·2 citations
5. 05*

   DeeLeMa: Missing information search with Deep Learning for Mass estimation

   Kayoung Ban🇰🇷 · Dong Woo Kang🇰🇷 · Tae-Geun Kim🇰🇷 · Seong Chan Park🇰🇷 · Yeji Park🇰🇷

   We introduce DeeLeMa, a deep learning-based network for the analysis of energy and momentum in high-energy particle collisions. This novel approach is specifically designed to address the challenge of analyzing collision events with multiple invisible particles, which are prevalent in many high-energy physics experiments. DeeLeMa is constructed based on the kinematic constraints and symmetry of the event topologies. We show that DeeLeMa can robustly estimate mass distribution even in the presence of combinatorial uncertainties and detector smearing effects. The approach is flexible and can be applied to various event topologies by leveraging the relevant kinematic symmetries. This work opens up exciting opportunities for the analysis of high-energy particle collision data, and we believe that DeeLeMa has the potential to become a valuable tool for the high-energy physics community.

   hep-phPRResearch(2023)·1 citation
6. 06*

   One vanishing minor in neutrino mass matrix using trimaximal mixing

   Iffat Ara Mazumder🇮🇳 · Rupak Dutta🇮🇳

   We investigate the implications of one vanishing minor in neutrino mass matrix using trimaximal mixing matrix. In this context, we analyse all six patterns of one vanishing minor zero in neutrino mass matrix and present correlations of the neutrino oscillation parameters. All the six patterns are found to be phenomenologically viable with the present neutrino oscillation data. We also predict the values of effective Majorana mass, the effective electron anti-neutrino mass and the total neutrino mass for all the patterns. The value obtained for the effective neutrino mass is within the reach future neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay experiments. We also propose a flavor model where such patterns can be generated within the seesaw model.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
7. 07*

   The $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$ decays

   Qi Wu🇨🇳 · Jun-Zhang Wang🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   We study the $\rho$ and $\omega$ meson contribution to the radiative decays $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$. The $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ is dominated by the $\omega$ meson. As for the $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$, the contributions of the cascade decays through the $\rho$ and $\omega$ mesons are strongly suppressed with respect to the diagrams which proceed either through the $\psi (2S)$ or the three body decay of $\rho$. The branching ratios of $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \pi \gamma$ are $(8.10_{-2.88}^{+3.50})\times 10^{-3}$ and $(2.38\pm 1.06)\%$, which may be accessible by the BESIII and LHCb Collaborations. Especailly, the $X(3872)\to J/\psi \pi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\gamma$ decays can be employed to extract the couplings $g_{X\psi \omega }$ and $g_{X\psi \rho }$, which probe the isoscalar and isovector components of the X(3872) wave function respectively.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·3 citations
8. 08*

   Study of charm and beauty mass spectra, semileptonic decays of $B_{(s,c)}$ and $B_c\to J/\psi ({\eta }_c)+P(V)$ in a phenomenological potential model

   S. Rahmani🇨🇳 · W. C. Luo🇨🇳 · C. W. Xiao🇨🇳

   Using a non-relativistic potential model, we obtain the mass spectra, leptonic decay constants, and parameters of the Isgur-Wise function for the beauty and charm mesons. With the calculated quantities, we investigate purely leptonic decays of $B^{+}$, $B^{\ast }$, $B_c^{+}$, semileptonic decay modes $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}l\nu$ and $B_c\to {\eta }_c\ell \bar{\nu }$ for three lepton channels $e,\mu ,\tau$, and obtain the corresponding branching fractions. ${\bar{B}}_{(s)}^{}\to D_{(s)}^{\ast }l\bar{\nu }$ transitions are also studied. Next, we apply the form factors for spin zero and spin one transitions of $B_c$ to calculate the nonleptonic branching ratios of $B_c\to J/\psi ({\eta }_c)+P(V)$, where $P$ and $V$ stand for the $D_q^{\ast -}$ vector meson and the $D_q$ pseudoscalar meson, respectively. Our results are found to be in agreement with those obtained in the experimental and theoretical results.

   hep-phEPJA(2023)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Role of polarizations and spin-spin correlations of $W^{\prime }s$ in $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to W^{-}{W}^{+}$ at $\sqrt{s}=250$ GeV to probe anomalous $W^{-}{W}^{+}Z/\gamma$ couplings

   Amir Subba🇮🇳 · Ritesh K. Singh🇮🇳

   We study anomalous $W^{-}{W}^{+}Z/\gamma$ couplings due to dimension-$6$ operators in the production process $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to W^{-}{W}^{+}$ followed by semi-leptonic decay using polarizations and spin-spin correlations of $W$ bosons. The construction of some of the polarization and spin-spin correlation asymmetries required one to distinguish between two decay quarks coming from $W^{+}$ decay. We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) and a boosted decision tree (BDT) to distinguish down-type jets from up-type jets and used them to put constraint on anomalous couplings at International Linear Collider (ILC) running at $\sqrt{s}=250$ GeV with integrated luminosities of $\mathcal{L}\in \{100{\text{fb}}^{-1},250{\text{fb}}^{-1},1000{\text{fb}}^{-1},3000{\text{fb}}^{-1}\}$. We find that the use of polarization and spin correlation observables, on top of the cross-sections, significantly improves the limits on anomalous coupling compared to the earlier studies.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·13 citations
10. 10*

    Doubly charmed baryon decays ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Xi }_c^{(\prime )+}{\pi }^{+}$ in the quark model

    Shuge Zeng🇨🇳 · Fanrong Xu🇨🇳 · Peng-Yu Niu🇨🇳 · Hai-Yang Cheng🇹🇼

    In this work we study the doubly charmed baryon decays ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Xi }_c^{(\prime )+}{\pi }^{+}$ within the framework of the non-relativistic quark model (NRQM). Factorizable amplitudes are expressed in terms of transition form factors, while nonfactorizable amplitudes arising form the inner $W$-emission are evaluated using current algebra and the pole model and expressed in terms of baryonic matrix elements and axial-vector form factors. Nonperturbative parameters are then calculated using the NRQM. They can be expressed in terms of the momentum integrals of baryon wave functions, which are in turn expressed in terms of the harmonic oscillator parameters ${\alpha }_{\rho }$ and ${\alpha }_{\lambda }$ for $\rho$- and $\lambda$-mode excitation. The measured ratio $R$ of the branching fraction of ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Xi }_c^{\prime +}{\pi }^{+}$ relative to ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ can be accommodated in the NRQM with ${\alpha }_{\rho 1}$ and ${\alpha }_{{\rho }_2}$ being in the vicinity of 0.51 and 0.19, respectively, where ${\alpha }_{\rho 1}$ is the ${\alpha }_{\rho }$ parameter for ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ and ${\alpha }_{\rho 2}$ for ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime )+}$. Decay asymmetries are predicted to be $-0.78$ and $-0.89$ for ${\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime +}{\pi }^{+}$ modes, respectively, which can be tested in the near future. We compare our results with other works and point out that although some other models can accommodate the ratio $R$, they tend to lead to a branching fraction of ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ too large compared to that inferred from the LHCb measurement of its rate relative to ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Triangle mechanism in the decay process $B_0\to J/\psi K^0{f}_0(980)(a_0(980))$

    Jialiang Lu🇨🇳 · Xuan Luo🇨🇳 · Mao Song🇨🇳 · Gang Li🇨🇳

    The role of the triangle mechanism in the decay process $B_0\to J/\psi K^0{f}_0\to J/\psi K^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B_0\to J\psi K^0{a}_0\to J/\psi K^0{\pi }^0\eta$ is probed. In these process, the triangle singularity appears from the decay of $B^0$ into $J/\psi \varphi K^0$ then $\varphi$ decays into $K^0\overline{K^0}$ and $K^0\overline{K^0}$ merged into $f_0$ or $a_0$ which finally decay into ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and ${\pi }^0\eta$ respectively. We find that this mechanism leads to a triangle singularity around $M_{\mathrm{inv}}(K^0{f}_0(a_0))\approx 1520\mathrm{MeV}$, and gives sizable branching fractions $\mathrm{Br}(B_0\to J/\psi K^0{f}_0\to J/\psi K^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})=1.38\times 10^{-6}$ and $\mathrm{Br}(B_0\to J/\psi K^0{a}_0\to J/\psi K^0{\pi }^0\eta )=2.56\times 10^{-7}$. This potential investigation can help us obtain the information of the scalar meson $f_0(980)$ or $a_0(980)$.

    hep-phCPC(2023)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Sensitivity to axion-like particles with a three-beam stimulated resonant photon collider around the eV mass range

    Kensuke Homma🇯🇵 · Fumiya Ishibashi🇯🇵 · Yuri Kirita🇯🇵 · Takumi Hasada🇯🇵

    We propose a three-beam stimulated resonant photon collider with focused laser fields in order to directly produce an axion-like particle (ALP) with the two beams and to stimulate its decay by the remaining one. The expected sensitivity around the eV mass range has been evaluated. The result shows that the sensitivity can reach the ALP-photon coupling down to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-14})$ GeV${}^{-1}$ with 1 J class short-pulsed lasers.

    hep-phhep-exUniverse(2023)·10 citations
13. 13*

    Millicharge Dark Matter Detection with Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

    Chuan-Ren Chen🇹🇼 · Bui Hong Nhung🇹🇼 · Chrisna Setyo Nugroho🇹🇼

    If the dark sector exists and communicates with Standard Model through the $U(1)$ mixing, it is possible that electromagnetism would have influence on matter fields in dark sector, so-called millicharge particles (mCPs). Furthermore, the highest mCPs could be dark matter particles. Recently it has been shown that the mCPs would be slowed down and captured by the earth. As a result, the number density of accumulated mCPs underground is enhanced by several orders of magnitude as compared to that of dark matter in our solar system. In this study, we propose to use the Mach-Zehnder (MZ) laser interferometer to detect earth bound mCPs through the detection of phase shifts of photons. We show that, for mass of mCPs lager than $1$ GeV, the sensitivity of probing the mixing parameter $ϵ$ could reach as low as $10^{-11}$ if number density is larger than $1\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·10 citations
14. 14*

    A complex singlet extension of the Standard Model and Multi-critical Point Principle

    Gi-Chol Cho🇯🇵 · Chikako Idegawa🇯🇵 · Rio Sugihara🇯🇵

    We study the Multi-critical Point Principle (MPP) in a complex singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model (CxSM). The MPP discussed in this study selects model parameters so that two low-energy vacua realized by scalar fields are degenerate. We further note that the MPP may inhibit the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in a certain class of models where the tree-level potential plays an essential role in its realization. Despite that, we show that strong first-order EWPT still occurs even after imposing the MPP to the scalar potential of the CxSM due to the 1-loop corrections by the new scalar boson. We study the allowed parameter space where a mass of the additional scalar is degenerate with that of the Standard Model Higgs boson, which provides a built-in mechanism to circumvent constraints from dark matter direct detection experiments. The parameter space for the non-degenerate scalar scenario is also studied for comparison.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·17 citations
15. 15*

    Boosted dark matter from primordial black holes produced in a first-order phase transition

    Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · Po-Yan Tseng🇹🇼

    During a cosmological first-order phase transition in a dark sector, fermion dark matter particles $\chi$ can form macroscopic Fermi balls that collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) under certain conditions. The evaporation of the PBHs produces a boosted $\chi$ flux, which may be detectable if $\chi$ couples to visible matter. We consider the interaction of $\chi$ with electrons, and calculate signals of the dark matter flux in the XENON1T, XENONnT, Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. A correlated gravitational wave signal from the phase transition can be observed at THEIA and $\mu$Ares. An amount of dark radiation measurable by CMB-S4 is an epiphenomenon of the phase transition.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2023)·21 citations
16. 16*

    Mass Relations, Unification, and Proton Decay in the Mirror GUT Model

    Yusuke Shimizu🇯🇵 · Shonosuke Takeshita🇯🇵

    We propose an SU(5)$\times$U(1)${}_{\text{X}}\times$U(1)${}_{\text{PQ}}$ model without SUSY because the SUSY particles have not been observed yet. The $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{X}}$ gauge symmetry is the generalization of the $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge symmetry and $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ symmetry is the global Peccei-Quinn symmetry. We introduce three mirror families in order to unify the SM gauge couplings and avoid the restriction of proton lifetime. In order to obtain the difference of the masses for the down-type quarks and charged leptons, we also introduce the $45$ representation Higgs in addition to the $5$ representation one. In this paper, we discuss the mass relations between the SM and mirror particles and identify the mass scales of the mirror particles. Since the new particles exist in the intermediate energy scale and contribute to the renormalization group equation, the SM gauge couplings unify successfully at high energy. Our model can be tested by the future proton decay search, e.g., the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment expected as ${\tau }_p(p\to {\pi }^0{e}^{+})<1.0\times 10^{35}$ years. Also, by using the mass relations between the active and mirror neutrinos, we estimate the lower bound of the heavy neutrino masses.

    hep-phhep-ex1 citation
17. 17*

    Abelian charge inspired by family number

    Phung Van Dong🇻🇳 · Tran Ngoc Hung🇻🇳 · Duong Van Loi🇻🇳

    Quark has an electric charge either $-1/3$ or $2/3$ and a baryon number $1/3$, where the divisions $3$'s match the color number. Although the electric charge and the baryon number have a nature distinct from the color charge, the matching is necessary for the standard model or a relevant $B-L$ extension consistent at quantum level, since the relevant anomaly $[SU(2{)}_L{]}^{2}U(1{)}_A$ for $A=Y$ or $B-L$ must vanish. If elementary particles have a new $U(1)$ charge differently from $A$, such anomaly is not cancelled for each family. However, if we demand that the anomaly is cancelled over all families, this relates the color number to the family number instead of the electric charge and baryon number, and interestingly the family number guides us to a novel $U(1)$ theory. We will discuss the implication of this theory for neutrino mass, recent $W$-boson mass anomaly, FCNC, and particle colliders.

    hep-phhep-thEPJC(2023)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Higher Flavor Symmetries in the Standard Model

    Clay Cordova🇺🇸 · Seth Koren🇺🇸

    We initiate the study of the generalized global flavor symmetries of the Standard Model. The presence of nonzero triangle diagrams between the $U(3{)}^5$ flavor currents and the $U(1{)}_Y$ hypercharge current intertwines them in the form of a higher-group which mixes the zero-form flavor symmetries with the one-form magnetic hypercharge symmetry. This higher symmetry structure greatly restricts the possible flavor symmetries that may remain unbroken in any ultraviolet completion that includes magnetic monopoles. In the context of unification, this implies tight constraints on the combinations of fermion species which may be joined into multiplets. Three of four elementary possibilities are reflected in the classic unification models of Georgi-Glashow, $SO(10)$, and Pati-Salam. The final pattern is realized non-trivially in trinification, which exhibits the sense in which Standard Model Yukawa couplings which violate these flavor symmetries may be thought of as spurions of the higher-group. Such modifications of the ultraviolet flavor symmetries are possible only if new vector-like matter is introduced with masses suppressed from the unification scale by the Yukawa couplings.

    hep-phhep-thAnnalen Phys.(2023)·45 citations
19. 19*

    Implications of the heavy Higgs induced single-top, same-sign top and triple-top productions at the LHC

    Tanmoy Modak🇩🇪

    In this brief review we study the discovery potential of heavy Higgs induced single-top, same-sign top and triple-top quark productions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The context is general two Higgs doublet model where such processes can be induced by additional Yukawa couplings and sub-Tev Higgs bosons. We show that these processes can be discovered at the ongoing or future high luminosity LHC run. Discovery of these multi-top productions may shed light on the mechanism behind baryogenesis or cosmic inflation.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
20. 20*

    Post-inflationary axions: a minimal target for axion haloscopes

    Marco Gorghetto🇮🇱 · Edward Hardy🇬🇧

    An axion-like-particle (ALP) in the post-inflationary scenario with domain wall number $N>1$ can be dark matter if the residual ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetry has a small explicit breaking. Although we cannot determine the full dynamics of the system reliably, we provide evidence that such an ALP can account for the observed dark matter abundance while having a relatively small decay constant and consequently a possibly large coupling to photons. In particular, we determine the number of domain walls per Hubble patch around the time when they form using numerical simulations and combine this with analytic expectations about the subsequent dynamics. We show that the strongest constraint on the decay constant is likely to come from the dark matter ALPs being produced with large isocurvature fluctuations at small spatial scales. We also comment on the uncertainties on the dark matter small-scale structure that might form from these overdensities, in particular pointing out the importance of quantum pressure in the $N=1$ case.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·32 citations
21. 21*

    Cosmological Dark Matter from a Bulk Black Hole

    Sylvain Fichet🇧🇷 · Eugenio Megias🇪🇸 · Mariano Quiros🇪🇸

    We study the cosmology of a three-brane in a specific five-dimensional scalar-gravity (i.e. soft-wall) background, known as the linear dilaton background. We discover that the Friedmann equation of the brane-world automatically contains a term mimicking pressureless matter. We propose to identify this term as dark matter. This dark matter arises as a projection of the bulk black hole on the brane, which contributes to the brane Friedmann equation via both the Weyl tensor and the scalar stress tensor. The nontrivial matter-like behavior is due to an exact cancellation between the Weyl and scalar pressures. We show that the Newtonian potential only receives a mild short-distance correction going as inverse distance squared, ensuring compatibility of the linear dilaton brane-world with observed 4D gravity. Our setup can be viewed as a consistent cosmological description of the holographic theories arising in the linear dilaton background. We also present more general scalar-gravity models where the brane cosmology features an effective energy density whose behavior smoothly interpolates between dark radiation, dark matter and dark energy depending on a model parameter.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·20 citations
22. 22*

    Experimental Verification of Two types of Gluon Jets in QCD

    Y. M. Cho🇰🇷 · Pengming Zhang🇨🇳 · Liping Zou🇨🇳

    The Abelian decomposition of QCD tells that there are two types of gluons, the color neutral neurons and colored chromons. We propose to confirm the Abelian decomposition testing the existence of two types of gluon jets experimentally. We predict that one quarter of the gluon jet is made of the neurons which has the color factor 3/4 and the sharpest jet radius and smallest charged particle multiplicity, while the three quarters of the gluon jet are made of the chromons with the color factor 9/4 which have the broadest jet radious (broader than the quark jet). Moreover, we argue that the neuron jet has a distinct color flow which forms an ideal color dipole, while the quark and chromon jets have distorted dipole pattern. To test the plausibility of this proposal we suggest to analyse the gluon distribution against the jet shape (the sphericity) and/or particle multiplicity from the existing gluon jet events and look for two distinct peaks in the distribution.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
23. 23*

    Unpolarized proton PDF at NNLO from lattice QCD with physical quark masses

    Xiang Gao🇺🇸 · Andrew D. Hanlon🇺🇸 · Jack Holligan🇺🇸 · Nikhil Karthik🇺🇸 · Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Peter Petreczky🇺🇸 · Sergey Syritsyn🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸

    We present a lattice QCD calculation of the unpolarized isovector quark parton distribution function (PDF) of the proton utilizing a perturbative matching at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO). The calculations are carried out using a single ensemble of gauge configurations generated with $N_f=2+1$ highly-improved staggered quarks with physical masses and a lattice spacing of $a=0.076$ fm. We use one iteration of hypercubic smearing on these gauge configurations, and the resulting smeared configurations are then used for all aspects of the subsequent calculation. For the valence quarks, we use the Wilson-clover action with physical quark masses. We consider several methods for extracting information on the PDF. We first extract the lowest four Mellin moments using the leading-twist operator product expansion approximation. Then, we determine the $x$ dependence of the PDF through a deep neural network within the pseudo-PDF approach and additionally through the framework of large-momentum effective theory utilizing a hybrid renormalization scheme. This is the first application of the NNLO matching coefficients for the nucleon directly at the physical point.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·57 citations
24. 24*

    D-meson semileptonic decays to pseudoscalars from four-flavor lattice QCD

    Alexei Bazavov🇺🇸 · Carleton DeTar🇺🇸 · Aida X. El-Khadra🇺🇸 · Elvira Gámiz🇪🇸 · Zechariah Gelzer🇺🇸 · Steven Gottlieb🇺🇸 · William I. Jay🇺🇸 · Hwancheol Jeong🇺🇸 · Andreas S. Kronfeld🇺🇸 · Ruizi Li🇺🇸 · Andrew T. Lytle🇺🇸 · Paul B. Mackenzie🇺🇸 and 7 other authors

    We present lattice-QCD calculations of the hadronic form factors for the semileptonic decays $D\to \pi \ell \nu$, $D\to K\ell \nu$, and $D_s\to K\ell \nu$. Our calculation uses the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for all valence and sea quarks and includes $N_f=2+1+1$ MILC ensembles with lattice spacings ranging from $a\approx 0.12$ fm down to $0.042$ fm. At most lattice spacings, an ensemble with physical-mass light quarks is included. The HISQ action allows all the quarks to be treated with the same relativistic light-quark action, allowing for nonperturbative renormalization using partial conservation of the vector current. We combine our results with experimental measurements of the differential decay rates to determine $|V_{cd}{|}^{D\to \pi }=0.2238(11{)}^{\mathrm{Expt}}(15{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}(04{)}^{\mathrm{EW}}(02{)}^{\mathrm{SIB}}[22{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$ and $|V_{cs}{|}^{D\to K}=0.9589(23{)}^{\mathrm{Expt}}(40{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}(15{)}^{\mathrm{EW}}(05{)}^{\mathrm{SIB}}[95{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$ This result for $|V_{cd}|$ is the most precise to date, with a lattice-QCD error that is, for the first time for the semileptonic extraction, at the same level as the experimental error. Using recent measurements from BES III, we also give the first-ever determination of $|V_{cd}{|}^{D_s\to K}=0.258(15{)}^{\mathrm{Expt}}(01{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}[03{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$ from $D_s\to K\ell \nu$. Our results also furnish new Standard Model calculations of the lepton flavor universality ratios $R^{D\to \pi }=0.98671(17{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}[500{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$, $R^{D\to K}=0.97606(16{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}[500{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$, and $R^{D_s\to K}=0.98099(10{)}^{\mathrm{QCD}}[500{]}^{\mathrm{QED}}$, which are consistent within $2\sigma$ with experimental measurements. Our extractions of $|V_{cd}|$ and $|V_{cs}|$, when combined with a value for $|V_{cb}|$, provide the most precise test of second-row CKM unitarity, finding agreement with unitarity at the level of one standard deviation.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·70 citations
25. 25*

    Collective flow of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3, 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV using the STAR detector

    Rishabh Sharma🇮🇳

    Light nuclei and hyper-nuclei are produced in abundance in heavy-ion collisions. The production mechanism of these species in heavy-ion collisions still remains to be understood. In these proceedings, we report the transverse momentum and centrality dependence of elliptic flow ($v_2$) of $d$, $t$, and ${}^3\text{He}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV. Mass number scaling of $v_2(p_T)$ of light nuclei is shown. We also report the first observation of hyper-nuclei ${}_{\Lambda }^3$H and ${}_{\Lambda }^4$H directed flow ($v_1$) in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3 GeV mid-central (5-40\%) Au+Au collisions in the fixed target mode.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2023)·2 citations
26. 26*

    Search for effective Lorentz and CPT violation using ZEUS data

    ZEUS collaboration · I. Abt · R. Aggarwal · V. Aushev · O. Behnke · A. Bertolin · I. Bloch · I. Brock · N.H. Brook · R. Brugnera · A. Bruni · P.J. Bussey and 68 other authors

    Lorentz and CPT symmetry in the quark sector of the Standard Model are studied in the context of an effective field theory using ZEUS $e^{\pm }p$ data. Symmetry-violating effects can lead to time-dependent oscillations of otherwise time-independent observables, including scattering cross sections. An analysis using five years of inclusive neutral-current deep inelastic scattering events corresponding to an integrated HERA luminosity of $372{\text{pb}}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=318$ Gev has been performed. No evidence for oscillations in sidereal time has been observed within statistical and systematic uncertainties. Constraints, most for the first time, are placed on 42 coefficients parameterising dominant CPT-even dimension-four and CPT-odd dimension-five spin-independent modifications to the propagation and interaction of light quarks.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·12 citations
27. 27*

    The Effective Fluid approach for Modified Gravity and its applications

    Savvas Nesseris🇪🇸

    In this review we briefly summarize the so-called effective fluid approach, which is a compact framework that can be used to describe a plethora of different modified gravity models as general relativity (GR) and a dark energy (DE) fluid. This approach, which is complementary to the cosmological effective field theory, has several benefits as it allows for the easier inclusion of most modified gravity models into the state-of-the-art Boltzmann codes, that are typically hard-coded for GR and DE. Furthermore, it can also provide theoretical insights into their behavior, since in linear perturbation theory it is easy to derive physically motivated quantities such as the DE anisotropic stress or the DE sound speed. We also present some explicit applications of the effective fluid approach with $f(R)$, Horndeski and Scalar-Vector-Tensor models, namely how this approach can be used to easily solve the perturbation equations and incorporate the aforementioned modified gravity models into Boltzmann codes so as to obtain cosmological constraints using Monte Carlo analyses.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phUniverse(2023)·18 citations
28. 28*

    Group invariants for Feynman diagrams

    Idrish Huet🇲🇽 · Michel Rausch de Traubenberg🇫🇷 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽

    It is well-known that the symmetry group of a Feynman diagram can give important information on possible strategies for its evaluation, and the mathematical objects that will be involved. Motivated by ongoing work on multi-loop multi-photon amplitudes in quantum electrodynamics, here I will discuss the usefulness of introducing a polynomial basis of invariants of the symmetry group of a diagram in Feynman-Schwinger parameter space.

    ↳ math.RThep-phmath-phmath.MPSciPost Phys.Proc.(2023)·0 citations
29. 29*

    Four-point functions of gravitons and conserved currents of CFT in momentum space: testing the nonlocal action with the TTJJ

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Matteo Maria Maglio🇩🇪 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

    We present an analysis of the perturbative realization of the $TTJJ$ correlator, with two stress energy tensors and two conserved currents, using free field theory realizations, integrating out conformal sectors in the quantum corrections. This allows defining, around flat space, an exact perturbative expansion of the complete anomaly effective action - up to 4-point functions - whose predictions can be compared against those of the anomaly induced action. The latter is a variational solution of the conformal anomaly constraint at $d=4$ in the form of a nonlocal Wess-Zumino action. The renormalization procedure and the degeneracies of the tensor structures of this correlator are discussed, valid for a generic conformal field theory, deriving its anomalous trace Ward identities (WIs). In this application, we also illustrate a general procedure that identifies the minimal number of tensorial structures and corresponding form factors for the $TTJJ$ and any $4$-point function. The result of the direct computation is compared against the expression of the same 4-point function derived from the nonlocal anomaly induced action. We show that the prediction for the anomalous part of the $TTJJ$ derived from such action, evaluated in two different conformal decompositions, the Riegert and Fradkin-Vilkovisky (FV) choices, differ from the anomaly part identified in the perturbative $TTJJ$, in the flat spacetime limit. The anomaly part of the correlator computed with the Riegert choice is affected by double poles, while the one computed with the FV choice does not satisfy the conservation WIs. We present the correct form of the expansion of the anomaly induced action at the second order in the metric perturbations around flat space that reproduces the perturbative result.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phmath-ph+1EPJC(2023)·12 citations
30. 30*

    Electroweak box diagrams on the lattice for pion and neutron decay

    Jun-Sik Yoo🇺🇸 · Tanmoy Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Rajan Gupta🇺🇸 · Santanu Mondal🇺🇸 · Boram Yoon🇺🇸

    CKM matrix is unitary by construction in the standard model(SM). The recent analyses on the first row of CKM matrix show $\approx 3\sigma$ tension with unitarity. Nonperturbative calculations of the radiative corrections can reduce the theory uncertainty in CKM matrix elements. Here we compute the electroweak box contribution to the pion and kaon $\beta$ decays using seven $N_f=2+1+1$ HISQ-Clover lattice with various pion mass and lattice spacing. The continuum and chiral limit is taken using the leading dependence on $M_{\pi }$ and $a$, where $M_{\pi }$ extrapolation is taken to the physical pion mass and $SU(3)$ symmetric mass for pion and kaon box contribution, respectively. Our results are ${\square }_{\gamma W}^{VA}{|}_{\pi }=2.820(28)\times 10^{-3}$ and ${\square }_{\gamma W}^{VA}{|}_K=2.384(17)\times 10^{-3}$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPoS(2023)·6 citations
31. 31*

    Unitary paradox of cosmological perturbations

    Ngo Phuc Duc Loc🇺🇸

    If we interpret the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the Hubble horizon as thermodynamic entropy, then the entanglement entropy of the superhorizon modes of curvature perturbation entangled with the subhorizon modes will exceed the Bekenstein-Hawking bound at some point; we call this the unitary paradox of cosmological perturbations by analogy with black hole. In order to avoid a fine-tuned problem, the paradox must occur during the inflationary era at the critical time $t_c=\ln (3\sqrt{\pi }/\sqrt{2}{ϵ}_H{H}_{inf})/2H_{inf}$ (in Planck units), where ${ϵ}_H=-\dot{H}/H^2$ is the first Hubble slow-roll parameter and $H_{inf}$ is the Hubble rate during inflation. If we instead accept the fine-tuned problem, then the paradox will occur during the dark energy era at the critical time $t_c^{\prime }=\ln (3\sqrt{\pi }{H}_{inf}/\sqrt{2}f{e}^{2N}{H}_{\Lambda }^2)/2H_{\Lambda }$, where $H_{\Lambda }$ is the Hubble rate dominated by dark energy, $N$ is the total number of e-folds of inflation, and $f$ is a purification factor that takes the range $0<f<3\sqrt{\pi }{H}_{inf}/\sqrt{2}{e}^{2N}{H}_{\Lambda }^2$.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thquant-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.D(2023)·2 citations
32. 32*

    Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation in Strong Magnetic Fields and Relativistic Corrections for Quantum Cyclotron Energy Levels

    A. Wienczek · C. Moore · U. D. Jentschura🇺🇸

    We carry out a direct, iterative Foldy--Wouthuysen transformation of a general Dirac Hamiltonian coupled to an electromagnetic field, including the anomalous magnetic moment. The transformation is carried out through an iterative disentangling of the particle and antiparticle Hamiltonians, in the expansion for higher orders of the momenta. The time-derivative term from the unitary transformation is found to be crucial in supplementing the transverse component of the electric field in higher orders. Final expressions are obtained for general combined electric and magnetic fields, including strong magnetic fields. The time-derivative of the electric field is shown to enter only in the seventh order of the fine-structure constant if the transformation is carried out in the standard fashion. We put special emphasis on the case of strong fields, which are important for a number of applications, such as electrons bound in Penning traps.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phPRA(2022)·6 citations
33. 33*

    BCF anomaly and higher-group structure in the low energy effective theories of mesons

    Tatsuki Nakajima🇯🇵 · Tadakatsu Sakai🇯🇵 · Ryo Yokokura🇯🇵

    We discuss the BCF anomaly of massless QCD-like theories, first obtained by Anber and Poppitz, from the viewpoint of the low energy effective theories. We assume that the QCD-like theories exhibit spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking due to a quark bilinear condensate. Using the 't Hooft anomaly matching condition for the BCF anomaly, we find that the low energy effective action is composed of a chiral Lagrangian and a Wess-Zumino-Witten term together with an interaction term of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ meson with the background gauge field for a discrete one-form symmetry. It is shown that the low energy effective action cancels the quantum inconsistencies associated with ${\eta }^{\prime }$ due to an ambiguity of how to uplift the action to a five-dimensional spacetime with a boundary. The ${\eta }^{\prime }$ term plays a substantial role in exploring the emergent higher-group structure at low energies.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2023)·12 citations
34. 34*

    Diquarkyonic matter: quarks, diquarks and baryons

    Aaron Park🇰🇷 · Su Houng Lee🇰🇷

    In this work, we investigate the color-spin interaction of a quark, a diquark and a baryon with their surrounding baryons and/or quark matter. We extend our previous work by increasing the maximum number of surrounding baryons to 5 and additionally consider all possible diquark probes that are immersed in such surroundings. This is accomplished by classifying all possible flavor and spin states of the resulting multiquark configuration in both the flavor SU(2) and SU(3) symmetric cases. We also discuss the three-body confinement potential and show that this does not contribute to the outcome. Furthermore, we find that a quark becomes more stable than a baryon when the number of surrounding baryons is three or more. Finally, when we consider the internal color-spin factor of a probe, our results show that the effects of the color-spin interaction of a multiquark configuration is consistent with the so-called diquarkyonic configuration.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations
35. 35*

    Implications of Large-$N_c$ QCD for the NN Interaction

    Thomas R. Richardson🇩🇪 · Matthias R. Schindler🇺🇸 · Roxanne P. Springer🇺🇸

    We present a method for ordering two-nucleon interactions based upon their scaling with the number of QCD colors, $N_c$, in the limit that $N_c$ becomes large. Available data in the two-nucleon sector shows general agreement with this ordering, indicating that the method may be useful in other contexts where data is less readily available. However, several caveats and potential pitfalls can make the large-$N_c$ ordering fragile and/or vulnerable to misinterpretation. We discuss the application of the large-$N_c$ analysis to two- and three-nucleon interactions, including those originating from weak and beyond-the-standard-model interactions, as well as two-nucleon external currents. Finally, we discuss some open questions in the field.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2023)·6 citations
36. 36*

    In-beam hyperfine spectroscopy of antihydrogen, hydrogen and deuterium

    E. Widmann (for the ASACUSA Collaboration)🇦🇹

    The ASACUSA collaboration is developing a polarized beam of antihydrogen atoms to precisely determine the ground-state hyperfine structure for studies of CPT and Lorentz invariance. Using a beam of ordinary hydrogen, measurements of both the $\sigma$ and $\pi$-transition have been performed, investigating orientation-dependent SME coefficients. Furthermore a first hyperfine experiment with a beam of deuterium is being prepared.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-ph0 citations
37. 37*

    Dark energy and matter interacting scenario to relieve $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions

    Li-Yang Gao🇺🇸 · She-Sheng Xue🇮🇹 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    We consider a new cosmological model (called $\tilde{\Lambda }$CDM) in which the vacuum energy interacts with matter and radiation, and test this model using the current cosmological observations. Using the CMB+BAO+SN (CBS) dataset to constrain the model, we find that $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions are relieved to $2.87\sigma$ and $2.77\sigma$, respectively. However, in this case, the $\tilde{\Lambda }$CDM model is not favored by the data, compared with $\Lambda$CDM. We find that when the $H_0$ and $S_8$ data are added to the data combination, the situation is significantly improved. In the CBS+$H_0$ case, the model relieves the $H_0$ tension to $0.47\sigma$, and the model is favored over $\Lambda$CDM. In the CBS+$H_0$+$S_8$ case, we obtain a synthetically best situation, in which the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions are relieved to $0.72\sigma$ and $2.11\sigma$, respectively. In this case, the model is most favored by the data. Therefore, this cosmological model can greatly relieve the $H_0$ tension and simultaneously effectively alleviate the $S_8$ tension.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phCPC(2024)·48 citations
38. 38*

    Study of QED singular properties for variable gyromagnetic ratio $g\simeq 2$

    Johann Rafelski🇺🇸 · Stefan Evans🇺🇸 · Lance Labun🇺🇸

    Using the external field method, {\it i.e.\/} evaluating the effective action $V_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for an arbitrarily strong constant and homogeneous field, we explore nonperturbative properties of QED allowing arbitrary gyromagnetic ratio $g$. We find a cusp at $g=2$ in: a) The QED $b_0$-renormalization group coefficient, and in the infinite wavelength limit in b) a subclass containing the pseudoscalar ${\mathcal{P}}^{2n}=(\vec{E}\cdot \vec{B}{)}^{2n}$ of light-light scattering coefficients. Properties of $b_0$ imply for certain domains of $g$ asymptotic freedom in an Abelian theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2023)·5 citations
39. 39*

    Confronting interacting dark radiation scenarios with cosmological data

    Thejs Brinckmann🇮🇹 · Jae Hyeok Chang🇺🇸 · Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Marilena LoVerde🇺🇸

    Dark radiation (DR) is generally predicted in new physics scenarios that address fundamental puzzles of the Standard Model or tensions in the cosmological data. Cosmological data has the sensitivity to constrain not only the energy density of DR, but also whether it is interacting. In this paper, we present a systematic study of five types of interacting DR (free-streaming, fluid, decoupling, instantaneous decoupling, and recoupling DR) and their impact on cosmological observables. We modify the Boltzmann hierarchy to describe all these types of interacting DR under the relaxation time approximation. We, for the first time, robustly calculate the collision terms for recoupling scalar DR and provide a better estimation of the recoupling transition redshift. We demonstrate the distinct features of each type of DR on the CMB and matter power spectra. We perform MCMC scans using the Planck 2018 data and BAO data. Assuming no new physics in the SM neutrino sector, we find no statistically significant constraints on the couplings of DR, although there is a slight preference for the fluid-like limit of all the cases. In the case of instantaneous decoupling DR, this limit corresponds to a late transition redshift around recombination. The $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ constraint varies marginally depending on the type of DR.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·48 citations
40. 40*

    Bethe-Salpeter equation for classical gravitational bound states

    Tim Adamo🇬🇧 · Riccardo Gonzo🇬🇧

    The Bethe-Salpeter equation is a non-perturbative, relativistic and covariant description of two-body bound states. We derive the classical Bethe-Salpeter equation for two massive point particles (with or without spin) in a bound gravitational system. This is a recursion relation which involves two-massive-particle-irreducible diagrams in the space of classical amplitudes, defined by quotienting out by symmetrization over internal graviton exchanges. In this context, we observe that the leading eikonal approximation to two-body scattering arises directly from unitarity techniques with a coherent state of virtual gravitons. More generally, we solve the classical Bethe-Salpeter equation analytically at all orders by exponentiating the classical kernel in impact parameter space. We clarify the connection between this classical kernel and the Hamilton-Jacobi action, making manifest the analytic continuation between classical bound and scattering observables. Using explicit analytic resummations of classical (spinless and spinning) amplitudes in momentum space, we further explore the relation between poles with bound state energies and residues with bound state wavefunctions. Finally, we discuss a relativistic analogue of Sommerfeld enhancement which occurs for bound state cross sections.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·46 citations
41. 41*

    Running and running of the running of the scalar spectral index in warm inflation

    Suratna Das🇮🇳 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

    Next generation of cosmological observations are expected to improve the measurements of several quantities connected to the primordial inflation in the early Universe. These quantities include for example improved measurements for the spectral index of the scalar curvature of the primordial power spectrum and to also bring a better understanding on the scaling dependence of the primordial spectrum. This includes the running of the tilt and, possibly, also the running of the running. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of generating large runnings in the context of warm inflation. Useful analytical expressions for the runnings are derived in the context of warm inflation in the strong dissipation regime. The results are compared to and discussed for some well motivated primordial inflaton potentials that have recently been of interest in the literature.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phUniverse(2023)·23 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.