Fri·Dec 9, 2022Friday·December 9, 2022

1. 01*

   Energy-peak based method to measure top quark mass via B-hadron decay lengths

   Kaustubh Agashe🇺🇸 · Sagar Airen🇺🇸 · Roberto Franceschini🇮🇹 · Joesph Incandela🇺🇸 · Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · Deepak Sathyan🇺🇸

   We develop a method for the determination of the top quark mass using the distribution of the decay length of the $B$-hadrons originating from its decay. This technique is based on our earlier observation regarding the location of the peak of the $b$ quark energy distribution. Such "energy-peak" methods enjoy a greater degree of model-independence with respect to the kinematics of top quark production compared to earlier proposals. The CMS experiment has implemented the energy-peak method using associated $b$-jet energy as an approximation for $b$ quark energy. The new method uses $B$-hadron decay lengths, which are related to $b$ quark energies by convolution. The advantage of the new decay length method is that it can be applied in a way that evades jet-energy scale (JES) uncertainties. Indeed, CMS has measured the top quark mass using $B$-hadron decay lengths, but they did not incorporate the energy-peak method. Therefore, mismodeling of top quark transverse momentum remains a large uncertainty in their result. We demonstrate that, using energy-peak methods, this systematic uncertainty can become negligible. We show that with the current LHC data set, a sub-GeV statistical uncertainty on the top quark mass can be attained with this method. To achieve a comparable systematic uncertainty as is true for many methods based on exclusive or semi-inclusive observables using hadrons, we find that the quark-hadron transition needs to be described significantly better than is the case with current fragmentation functions and hadronization models.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·0 citations
2. 02*

   Resonant Majorana neutrino effects in $\Delta$L=2 four-body hyperon decays

   Gerardo Hernández-Tomé🇲🇽 · Diego Portillo-Sánchez🇲🇽 · Genaro Toledo🇲🇽

   We computed the ${\Sigma }^{-}\to n{\pi }^{+}{e}^{-}{\ell }^{-}$ ($\ell =e,\mu$), ${\Xi }^{-}\to \Lambda {\pi }^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}$, and $\Lambda \to p{\pi }^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}$ lepton number violating (LNV) hyperon decays mediated by a resonant Majorana neutrino. The expected hyperon production rate of experiments like BES-III of around $10^6-10^8$ may allow searching for these rare hyperon decays at enough sensitivities. We illustrate the limits on the new heavy mixing parameters derived from these hyperon channels and compare them with other LNV meson decays in similar mass regions of the resonant neutrino state.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
3. 03*

   Nonperturbative gluon exchange in $pp$ elastic scattering at TeV energies

   G. B. Bopsin🇧🇷 · E. G. S. Luna🇧🇷 · A. A. Natale🇧🇷 · M. Peláez🇺🇾

   We investigate the two-gluon-exchange model of the Pomeron using nonperturbative gluon propagators characterized by a dynamical mass scale. We present the results for an analysis of the available $pp$ differential cross section data at TeV energies which accounts for dynamical gluon masses obtained from a non-linear version of the Schwinger-Dyson equations. We show that our two-gluon exchange model gives a very good description of the LHC data, provided we demand the Reggeization of the scattering amplitude and make a suitable choice for the convolution of proton wave functions.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·7 citations
4. 04*

   The Effective Potential in Fermi Gauges Beyond the Standard Model

   Jonathan Zuk🇦🇺 · Csaba Balazs🇦🇺 · Andreas Papaefstathiou🇺🇸 · Graham White🇯🇵

   We derive the field-dependent masses in Fermi gauges for arbitrary scalar extensions of the Standard Model. These masses can be used to construct the effective potential for various models of new physics. We release a flexible $\text{Mathematica}$ notebook ($\text{VefFermi}$) which performs these calculations and renders large-scale phenomenological studies of various models possible. Motivated by the debate on the importance of gauge dependence, we show that, even in relatively simple models, there exist points where the global minimum is discontinuous in the gauge parameter. Such points require some care in discovering, indicating that a gauge-dependent treatment might still give reasonable results when examining the global features of a model.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·3 citations
5. 05*

   Minimal spontaneous CP-violating GUT and predictions for leptonic CP phases

   Ketan M. Patel🇮🇳

   A non-supersymmetric renormalizable $SO(10)$ model, with CP invariant Yukawa sector consisting of Lorentz scalars in $10$ and $\overline{126}$ dimensional representations, is proposed. The elemental Yukawa couplings are real due to CP symmetry. The latter is broken in the low energy effective theory through the standard model Higgs which is a complex linear combination of electroweak doublets residing in $10$ and $\overline{126}$ scalars. As a result, the mass matrices in the quark and lepton sectors, including those of heavy and light neutrinos, depend only on three phases which in turn determine CP violation in both sectors. The model is comprehensively analysed for its viability and predictions including the possibility to generate baryon asymmetry through thermal leptogenesis. It predicts relatively small values for CP phases in the lepton sector. Successful leptogenesis further restricts the ranges to $-0.4\le \sin \delta \le 0.4$ for the Dirac phase and $-0.3\le \sin {\eta }_1\le 0.2$, $-0.5\le \sin {\eta }_2\le 0.5$ for the Majorana phases.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·13 citations
6. 06*

   Speed Variations of Cosmic Photons and Neutrinos from Loop Quantum Gravity

   Hao Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

   Recently a series of analyses on the flight time of cosmic photons and neutrinos suggests that the speed of light \emph{in vacuo} takes the energy-dependent form $v(E)\simeq 1-E/E_{\text{LIV}}^{\gamma }$ with $E_{\text{LIV}}^{\gamma }\approx 3.6\times 10^{17}\text{GeV}$, and meanwhile the speed of neutrinos is proposed to be $v(E)\simeq 1\pm E/E_{\text{LIV}}^{\nu }$ with $E_{\text{LIV}}^{\nu }\approx 6.5\times 10^{17}\text{GeV}$ and $\pm$ representing the helicity dependence. This novel picture immediately urges us to provide a satisfactory theoretical explanation. Among all the attempts to predict the speed variations from quantum gravity, we find that loop quantum gravity can serve as a good candidate for explaining the aforementioned picture consistently.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPLB(2023)·22 citations
7. 07*

   New channel to search for dark matter at Belle II

   Jinhan Liang🇨🇳 · Zuowei Liu🇨🇳 · Lan Yang🇨🇳

   We propose a new ``disappearing positron track'' channel at Belle II to search for dark matter, in which a positron that is produced at the primary interaction vertex scatters with the electromagnetic calorimeter to produce dark matter particles. Such scatterings can occur via either annihilation with atomic electrons, or the bremsstrahlung process with target nuclei. The main backgrounds are due to photons and neutrons that are produced in the same scatterings and then escape detection. We require a large missing energy and further veto certain activities in the KLM detector to suppress such backgrounds. To illustrate the sensitivity of the new channel, we consider a new physics model where dark matter interacts with the standard model via a dark photon, which decays predominantly to dark matter; we find that our proposed channel can probe some currently unexplored parameter space, surpassing both the mono-photon channel at Belle II and the NA64 constraints.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·6 citations
8. 08*

   QCD static force in gradient flow

   Xiang-Peng Wang🇩🇪

   We review our recent study on the QCD static force using gradient flow at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling. The QCD static force has the advantage of being free of the $O({\Lambda }_{\text{QCD}})$ renormalon appearing in the static potential but suffers from poor convergence in the lattice QCD computations. It is expected that the gradient flow formalism can improve the convergence. Based on our next-to-leading-order calculations, we explore the properties of the static force for arbitrary flow time $t$, as well as in the limit $t\to 0$, which may be useful for lattice QCD simulations.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·0 citations
9. 09*

   QCD at the amplitude level: Fock state interference in heavy quark electroproduction

   Valery E. Lyubovitskij🇩🇪 · Ivan Schmidt🇨🇱

   Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) rigorously predicts the existence of both nonperturbative intrinsic and perturbative extrinsic heavy quark contents of nucleons. In this article we discuss the heavy quark electroproduction on protons induced by the Fock states $|uud+g⟩$ of three valence quarks in the proton and a nonperturbative gluon, and the $|uud+Q\bar{Q}⟩$ non-perturbative state of three valence quarks and a heavy quark-antiquark pair. The first one gives the perturbative contribution when the gluon produces a heavy quark pair, while the second is the intrinsic part, and they produce amplitude interference. We use nonperturbative light-front wavefunctions for these Fock states, which are computed using the color-confining light-front holographic QCD theory. Due to interference of the amplitudes corresponding to the intrinsic and extrinsic heavy quark contribution to the proton a novel $Q$ vs. $\bar{Q}$ asymmetry emerges in the differential cross section of the electroproduction off a proton $d^2{\sigma }_{e^{-}p}/(dxd{Q}^2)$. Our analysis proposed a novel asymmetry in QCD between intrinsic and extrinsic heavy quark content in nucleon and provides new insights into the physics of heavy quark phenomena in QCD at the amplitude level. This asymmetry is similar to the Brodsky-Gillespie asymmetry discovered before in QED case and confirmed at DESY.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Automated NLO Electroweak Corrections to Processes at Hadron and Lepton Colliders

    Pia Mareen Bredt🇩🇪

    The aim of this thesis is the completion of the NLO automated framework of the MC program WHIZARD, accounting for NLO corrections in the full SM for cross sections and distributions of processes at hadron and lepton colliders. Specifically, it builds on the implemented FKS subtraction scheme for NLO QCD calculations, and extends it to automated NLO EW and QCD-EW mixed corrections. To that end, the implemented FKS scheme is generalised to systematically subtract QED and QCD infrared (IR) divergences in mixed coupling expansions. The automated computation of NLO contributions is validated for a set of benchmark processes at the LHC, including e.~g. $t\bar{t}(+H/W/Z)$ production. Cross-checks for $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ processes likewise show that WHIZARD can be used for predictions at lepton colliders including fixed $\mathcal{O}(\alpha )$ corrections. This framework is applied to the study of NLO EW cross sections and differential distributions for multi-boson processes at a future multi-TeV muon collider. For some high-energy lepton-collider setups, tiny initial-state masses jeopardise the reliability of fixed-order expansions of observables in QED perturbation theory. In order to recover meaningful predictions for NLO EW observables, QED parton-distribution functions (PDFs) must be applied guaranteeing a universal treatment of collinear ISR effects. This however causes computational challenges for MC integration measures. Methods to cope with these difficulties are presented in this thesis. With the automation of NLO EW corrections for hadron and lepton collision processes, WHIZARD offers a powerful tool for EW precision studies at current and future colliders and provides the desired accuracy level of predictions for new physics searches.

    hep-phhep-ex9 citations
11. 11*

    Discrete symmetries and Efficient Counting of Operators

    Simon Calò🇳🇱 · Coenraad Marinissen🇳🇱 · Rudi Rahn🇳🇱

    We present DECO ("Discrete and Efficient Counting of Operators"), an implementation of the Hilbert Series to enumerate subleading operator bases for SMEFT-like EFTs with symmetry groups as typically found in flavour and BSM physics. DECO can accommodate EFTs with arbitrary numbers and combinations of the SM gauge groups, as well as the discrete groups S4, A4, and Zn, and U(1) groups with residual global charge (and these groups' most important representations). The program is highly modular and can easily be extended to additional groups and/or representations. We demonstrate the design cases for DECO by using it to cross-check subleading operator bases of EFTs in the literature, which allows us to identify a missing operator in a widely used model for the neutrino masses and discuss said operator's impact.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·10 citations
12. 12*

    Doped Semiconductor Devices for sub-MeV Dark Matter Detection

    Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Daniel Egaña-Ugrinovic🇨🇦 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Mukul Sholapurkar🇺🇸

    Dopant atoms in semiconductors can be ionized with $\sim 10$ meV energy depositions, allowing for the design of low-threshold detectors. We propose using doped semiconductor targets to search for sub-MeV dark matter scattering or sub-eV dark matter absorption on electrons. Currently unconstrained cross sections could be tested with a 1 g-day exposure in a doped detector with backgrounds at the level of existing pure semiconductor detectors, but improvements would be needed to probe the freeze-in target. We discuss the corresponding technological requirements and lay out a possible detector design.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPRD(2024)·23 citations
13. 13*

    Directional detection of dark matter with anisotropic response functions

    Christian Boyd🇺🇸 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Eric David Kramer🇮🇱 · Noah Kurinsky🇺🇸 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · To Chin Yu🇺🇸

    Direct detection for sub-GeV dark matter is developing rapidly, with many novel experimental ideas and theoretical methods emerging. In this work, we extend the dielectric formalism for dark matter scattering to incorporate anisotropic material responses, enabling directionally-sensitive experiments with a broad class of target materials. Using a simple model of an anisotropic electron gas, we demonstrate the importance of many-body effects such as the plasmon, and show that even when the dark matter kinetic energies are much smaller than the plasmon energy, the tail of an anisotropic plasmon can still produce a sizeable daily modulation. We highlight the relevant experimental techniques required to establish the target response, as well as the challenges in extracting a response function which is truly free of modeling uncertainties.

    hep-phcond-mat.str-elhep-exphysics.opticsPRD(2023)·36 citations
14. 14*

    A Proof of Concept for Matchete: An Automated Tool for Matching Effective Theories

    Javier Fuentes-Martín🇪🇸 · Matthias König🇩🇪 · Julie Pagès🇺🇸 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭 · Felix Wilsch🇨🇭

    Studying the impact of new-physics models on low-energy observables necessitates matching to effective field theories at the relevant mass thresholds. We introduce the first public version of Matchete, a computer tool for matching weakly-coupled models at one-loop order. It uses functional methods to directly compute all matching contributions in a manifestly gauge-covariant manner, while simplification methods eliminate redundant operators from the output. We sketch the workings of the program and provide examples of how to match simple Standard Model extensions. The package, documentation, and example notebooks are publicly available at https://gitlab.com/matchete/matchete.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·167 citations
15. 15*

    Affleck-Dine Cogenesis of Baryon and Dark Matter

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Suruj Jyoti Das🇮🇳 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

    We propose a mechanism for cogenesis of baryon and dark matter (DM) in the universe via the Affleck-Dine (AD) route. An AD field which breaks the lepton number symmetry, leads to the generation of lepton asymmetry by virtue of its cosmic evolution, which then gets transferred into lepton and dark sectors. While the lepton asymmetry gets converted into baryon asymmetry via sphalerons, the dark sector asymmetry leads to the final DM abundance with the symmetric part being annihilated away due to resonantly enhanced annihilation, which we choose to be provided by a gauged $B-L$ portal. Stringent constraints from DM direct detection forces DM and $B-L$ gauge boson masses to be light, in the few GeV ballpark. While a large portion of the model parameter space is already ruled out, the remaining parameter space is within sensitivity of laboratory as well as cosmology based experiments. The AD field also plays the role of inflaton with the required dynamics by virtue of its non-minimal coupling to gravity, consistent with observations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·22 citations
16. 16*

    Revisiting the centrality definition and observable centrality dependence of relativistic heavy-ion collisions in PACIAE model

    Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Xiao-Mei Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ming Zhang🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳 · Gang Chen🇨🇳 · Xu Cai🇨🇳 · Ben-hao Sa🇨🇳

    We improve the centrality definition in impact parameter in PACIAE model responding the fact reported by the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS collaborations that the maximum impact parameter in heavy ion collisions should be extended to 20 $fm$. Meanwhile the PACIAE program is updated to a new version of PACIAE 2.2.2 with convenience of studying the elementary nuclear collisions, proton-nucleus collisions, and the nucleus-nucleus collisions in one unified program version. The new impact parameter definition together with the optical Glauber model calculated impact parameter bin, $N_{part}$, and $N_{coll}$ in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies are consistent with the improved MC-Glauber model ones within the error bar. The charged-particle pseudorapidity and the transverse momentum distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV simulated by PACIAE 2.2.2 well reproduce the ALICE experimental data.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2023)·4 citations
17. 17*

    Exploring High Frequency Gravitational Waves with Magnons

    Asuka Ito🇯🇵 · Jiro Soda🇯🇵

    Detecting gravitational waves with frequencies higher than 10 kHz requires new strategies. In previous papers, we proposed magnon gravitational wave detectors and gave the first limit on GHz gravitational waves by reinterpreting the existing data from axion dark matter experiments. In this paper, we show that the sensitivity can be improved by constructing the detector specific to gravitational waves. In particular, we employ an infinite sum of terms in the expansion of Fermi normal coordinates to probe gravitational waves with a wavelength comparable to the detector size. As a consequence, we obtain sensitivity of around $h_c\sim 10^{-20}$.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thEPJC(2023)·44 citations
18. 18*

    Search for ultralight dark matter with spectroscopy of radio-frequency atomic transitions

    Xue Zhang🇩🇪 · Abhishek Banerjee🇮🇱 · Mahapan Leyser · Gilad Perez🇮🇱 · Stephan Schiller🇩🇪 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Dionysios Antypas🇩🇪

    The effects of scalar and pseudoscalar ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) were searched for by comparing the frequency of a quartz oscillator to that of a hyperfine-structure transition in ${}^{87}$Rb, and an electronic transition in ${}^{164}$Dy. We constrain linear interactions between a scalar UBDM field and Standard-Model (SM) fields for an underlying UBDM particle mass in the range $1\times 10^{-17}-8.3\times 10^{-13}$ eV and quadratic interactions between a pseudoscalar UBDM field and SM fields in the range $5\times 10^{-18}-4.1\times 10^{-13}$ eV. Within regions of the respective ranges, our constraints on linear interactions significantly improve on results from previous, direct searches for oscillations in atomic parameters, while constraints on quadratic interactions surpass limits imposed by such direct searches as well as by astrophysical observations.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phPRL(2023)·66 citations
19. 19*

    Non-Invertible Gauss Law and Axions

    Yichul Choi🇺🇸 · Ho Tat Lam🇺🇸 · Shu-Heng Shao🇺🇸

    In axion-Maxwell theory at the minimal axion-photon coupling, we find non-invertible 0- and 1-form global symmetries arising from the naive shift and center symmetries. Since the Gauss law is anomalous, there is no conserved, gauge-invariant, and quantized electric charge. Rather, using half higher gauging, we find a non-invertible Gauss law associated with a non-invertible 1-form global symmetry, which is related to the Page charge. These symmetries act invertibly on the axion field and Wilson line, but non-invertibly on the monopoles and axion strings, leading to selection rules related to the Witten effect. We also derive various crossing relations between the defects. The non-invertible 0- and 1-form global symmetries mix with other invertible symmetries in a way reminiscent of a higher-group symmetry. Using this non-invertible higher symmetry structure, we derive universal inequalities on the energy scales where different infrared symmetries emerge in any renormalization group flow to the axion-Maxwell theory. Finally, we discuss implications for the Weak Gravity Conjecture and the Completeness Hypothesis in quantum gravity.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phJHEP(2023)·145 citations
20. 20*

    Negative scalar potentials and the swampland: an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture

    David Andriot🇫🇷 · Ludwig Horer🇫🇷 · George Tringas🇫🇷

    In this paper, we derive a characterisation of negative scalar potentials, $V<0$, in $d$-dimensional effective theories of quantum gravity. This is achieved thanks to an Anti-Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (ATCC), inspired by a refined version of the TCC. The ATCC relies on the fact that in a contracting universe, modes that become sub-Planckian in length violate the validity of the effective theory. In the asymptotics of field space, we deduce that $-V^{\prime }/V\ge c_0$ when $V^{\prime }\ge 0$. The rate $c_0=2/\sqrt{(d-1)(d-2)}$ is successfully tested in several string compactifications for $d\ge 4$. In addition, a new asymptotic condition, $V^{\prime \prime }/V\ge c_0^2$, is derived. By extrapolation to anti-de Sitter solutions of radius $l$, we infer the existence of a scalar whose mass should obey $m^2{l}^2\lesssim -2$. This property is verified in many supersymmetric examples.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·26 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.