Fri·Dec 2, 2022Friday·December 2, 2022

1. 01*

   Dilaton at the LHC: Complementary Probe of Composite Higgs

   Sebastian Bruggisser🇩🇪 · Benedict von Harling🇪🇸 · Oleksii Matsedonskyi🇬🇧 · Geraldine Servant🇩🇪

   The dilaton is predicted in various extensions of the standard model containing sectors with an approximate spontaneously-broken conformal invariance. As a Goldstone boson of a spontaneously broken symmetry, the dilaton can naturally be one of the lightest new physics particles, and therefore may be the first new physics imprint observed in collider experiments. In particular, it can arise in composite Higgs models which are often assumed to have approximate conformal invariance in the UV. The dilaton is then a composite state, generated by the same sector that produces the Higgs. We continue the exploration of composite dilaton signatures at the LHC, using the latest experimental data and analysing the future detection prospects. We elaborate on the connection of the dilaton properties with the properties of the Higgs potential, clarifying in particular the relation between the scale relevant for electroweak fine tuning and the scale controlling the dilaton couplings. This relation is then used to derive the experimental sensitivity to the dilaton in natural composite Higgs scenarios, which reaches ~3 TeV in dilaton mass for generic parameter choices. At the same time, we show that dilaton searches are a complementary direction to probe Higgs boson compositeness, with the sensitivity comparable or exceeding that of Higgs coupling measurements.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·14 citations
2. 02*

   Higher-order corrections in $t\bar{t}\gamma$ cross sections

   Nikolaos Kidonakis🇺🇸 · Alberto Tonero🇺🇸

   We study higher-order QCD corrections for the associated production of a top-antitop quark pair and a photon ($t\bar{t}\gamma$ production) in proton-proton collisions. We calculate the approximate NNLO cross section, with second-order soft-gluon corrections added to the complete NLO result, including uncertainties from scale dependence and from parton distributions. We compare our results to recent measurements from the LHC, and find that the soft-gluon corrections provide improved agreement with the data. We also calculate differential distributions in top-quark transverse momentum and rapidity.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·17 citations
3. 03*

   Heavy fields and the axion quality problem

   Quentin Bonnefoy🇺🇸

   The idea that the gravity-induced breaking of global symmetries is encoded in Planck-suppressed operators is not scale-invariant: heavy particles which have nothing to do with the UV completion of gravity can mediate the breaking and produce low-energy operators (partly) suppressed by their own mass scales. Such contributions from heavy fields are typically subdominant with respect to the least Planck-suppressed operators, unless the latter are forbidden, as is usual in solutions to the axion quality problem based on four-dimensional gauge symmetries. Therefore, with a focus on axion physics, I investigate such situations and present toy examples where a non-minimal sector of heavy fields coupling to the axion generates operators whose coefficients are orders of magnitude larger than the naive Planck-suppressed estimates, despite gravity being the only source of breaking. I also stress that the key features of these toy models, namely several families of heavy fields with family-dependent gauge charges, are already present in some non-minimal QCD axion models, using the axiflavon/flaxion and the lighter-than-usual KSVZ axion as examples. This suggests that gauge-symmetry-based solutions to the axion quality problem, or of any quality problem really, need to describe complete UV scenarios or make precise UV assumptions.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·16 citations
4. 04*

   Determination of Majorana type-phases from the time evolution of lepton numbers

   Nicholas J. Benoit🇯🇵 · Yuta Kawamura🇯🇵 · Saki Hamada🇯🇵 · Takuya Morozumi🇯🇵 · Yusuke Shimizu🇯🇵 · Kei Yamamoto🇯🇵

   We have investigated an approach for determining the Majorana type-phases using the time evolution of lepton family numbers. We show how the second-order time derivative of the expectation values for the lepton family numbers depends on the sum of the Majorana type-phases. Furthermore, others have connected the Majorana type-phases to the orientation of unitary triangles for the PMNS matrix, and the usual Majorana phases. Theoretically,this allows for the extraction of the orientation of the triangles and the Majorana phases from lepton family numbers. We study three example situations. First, how to extract the Majorana type-phases and the lightest neutrino mass for three massive neutrinos, and when a neutrino is massless. Second,the determination of the Majorana phase and the lightest neutrino mass for a two generation toy model. Third, simplified realizations of the type I seesaw model with two gauge singlet neutrinos and two families of lepton doublets. We calculate how the Majorana phases and Majorana type-phases are related to CP violation for leptogenesis at high energies. At first,the effective Majorana mass matrix is parametrized with real and positive diagonal elements. In this basis, the phase of the off-diagonal elements are related to the CP violating phases in the PMNS matrix. We explicitly show the relation between the single Majorana phase and the phase of the effective Majorana mass matrix for the toy model with two generations of active neutrinos. Then for the model with two gauge singlet neutrinos and two families of lepton doublets, we study the effective Majorana mass matrix generated by the seesaw model. In that model, we can show how the Majorana phase at low energy is related to the two CP violating phases of the seesaw matrix. That relation between the phases depends on the lepton number asymmetries of the heavy Majorana neutrinos decays for the toy models.

   hep-phPTEP(2025)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Small-$x$ resummation in coefficient function for differential heavy-quarks production

   Federico Silvetti🇮🇹

   High-energy logarithmic correction are enhanced when the ratio, $x=\frac{Q^2}{s}$ between the typical energy scale of a scattering process $Q$ and the total centre of mass energy available $s$ is small. We discuss recent developments on their resummation in differential cross sections in rapidity, transverse momentum and invariant mass and their application to heavy flavour production at the LHC.

   hep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Phenomenology of Strong Interactions -- Towards an Effective Theory for Low Energy QCD

   Adamu Issifu🇧🇷 · Francisco A. Brito🇧🇷

   In this paper, we develop models applicable to phenomenological particle physics by using the string analogy of particles. These theories can be used to investigate the phenomenology of confinement, deconfinement, chiral condensate, QGP phase transitions, and even the evolution of the early universe. Other confining properties such as scalar glueball mass, gluon mass, glueball-meson mixing states, QCD vacuum, and color superconductivity can also be investigated in these model frameworks. We use one of the models to describe the phenomenon of color confinement among glueballs at the end of the paper. The models are built based on the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action modified for opened strings with their endpoints on a D$p$-brane or brane-anti-brane at a tachyonic vacuum.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Democratic parameterization and analysis for 331 model as a subgroup of $SU(6)$

   Rena Ciftci🇹🇷 · Abbas Kenan Ciftci🇹🇷 · Oleg Popov🇨🇳

   A democratic parameterization is introduced for $SU(3{)}_C\otimes SU(3{)}_L\otimes U(1{)}_X$ extension of the Standard Model, which is inspired by $SU(6)$ symmetry. In the novel scenario all Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing angles and quark masses, nine observable quantities in total, are predicted within 1$-$3 standard deviations of the experimental values with a minimum number of input parameters. The present work provides the thorough numerical analysis and correlations between input parameters and predicted quantities. ${\chi }^2\approx 0.67$ with $\forall \sigma <0.61$ corresponds to the best global fit benchmark point. Benefits of the new parameterization and future prospects are discussed as well.

   hep-ph2 citations
8. 08*

   Investigating the transition form factors of ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c(2625)$ and ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_c(2815)$ and the corresponding weak decays with support from baryon spectroscopy

   Yu-Shuai Li🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   We calculate the form factors of the ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c(2625)$ and ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_c(2815)$ transitions, and additionally evaluate the corresponding semileptonic decays and the color-allowed two-body nonleptonic decays. In order to obtain the concerned form factors, we use the three-body light-front quark model with the support from baryon spectroscopy. In this work, as important physical inputs, the spatial wave functions of concerned baryons are obtained by the Gaussian expansion method with a semirelativistic potential model. For the semileptonic processes, the branching ratios of the electron and muon channels can reach up to the order of magnitude of $1\%$, where our result $\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}(2625){\mu }^{-}{\nu }_{\mu })=(1.641\pm 0.113)\%$ is consistent with the current experimental data. As for the nonleptonic processes, the decays to ${\pi }^{-}$, ${\rho }^{-}$, and $D_s^{(\ast )-}$ final states have considerable widths. These discussed decay modes could be accessible at the LHCb experiment.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·13 citations
9. 09*

   Tetrahedron of flavors: One Three to rule them all

   Aharon Davidson🇮🇱

   Under the conception that the total number three of fermion families must have the one and the same gauge theoretical origin as all other threes which accompany the single family grand unifiable group structure, we trade the trinification $SU(3)$ symmetry building block for its semi-simple Vertical-Horizontal symmetric $SU(3{)}_V\otimes SU(3{)}_H$ extension. The anomaly free flavor-chiral fermion representation is then constructed, solely out of threes and without any superfluous replication, by treating each standard $V$-triplet (and anti triplet) as an $H$-singlet, and conversely, by letting each standard $V$-singlet transform as an $H$-triplet (or anti triplet). The model can be schematically described by a tetrahedron of flavors. In its bi-trinification phase, the model exhibits two coupled trinification cycles, sharing the same color group, and is furthermore accompanied by a built-in dark sector. In its isomorphic quartification phase, the model presents a novel non-Pati-Salam version of quark/lepton correspondence, where quarks are paired with anti-leptons to cancel horizontal anomalies, and all fermion masses stem from one and the same Yukawa source.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Top, Higgs, Diboson and Electroweak Fit to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

    Maeve Madigan🇬🇧

    The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) provides a powerful theoretical framework for searching for subtle deviations from the Standard Model. In this talk, we present the results from a global fit of the dimension-6 operators of the SMEFT to a combination of Higgs, top, diboson and electroweak precision observables. SMEFT constraints driven by data from the top quark sector are highlighted. We explore the interplay between the top and Higgs sectors, emphasising the need for a global approach to constraining the SMEFT.

    hep-ph1 citation
11. 11*

    A detailed investigation of W+c-jet at the LHC

    Michał Czakon🇩🇪 · Alexander Mitov🇬🇧 · Mathieu Pellen🇩🇪 · Rene Poncelet🇬🇧

    State-of-the-art analyses of W+c-jet production at the LHC require precise predictions. In the present work, we study in detail the impact of off-diagonal CKM elements up to next-to-next-to leading order in QCD, the influence of flavored jet algorithms, and the size of electroweak corrections. In addition, we also investigate phenomenological aspects related to the exact definition of the process. We find that all these effects can be of the order of several per cent for both the fiducial cross section and differential distributions. They are, therefore, very relevant for the interpretation of current and upcoming measurements.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·18 citations
12. 12*

    Transport coefficients of heavy mesons in a thermal medium

    Juan M. Torres-Rincon🇪🇸

    We have investigated the many-body equations of $D$ and $\bar{B}$ mesons in a thermal medium by applying an effective field theory based on chiral and heavy-quark symmetries. Exploiting these symmetries within kinetic theory, we have derived an off-shell Fokker-Planck equation which incorporates information of the full spectral functions of these states. In this contribution we present our latest results on heavy-flavor transport coefficients below the chiral restoration temperature, in both charm and bottom sectors. The calculation incorporating temperature-dependent spectral functions and interactions, together with off-shell effects, allows for an improved matching to the state-of-the-art calculations above the chiral transition temperature.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS·0 citations
13. 13*

    NLO QCD corrections and off-shell effects for $t\bar{t}H$ production in the Higgs characterisation model

    Jonathan Hermann🇩🇪

    In these proceedings we discuss $t\bar{t}H$ production at the Large Hadron Collider in the Higgs characterisation model. We demonstrate the importance of off-shell effects and higher-order QCD corrections for this process and highlight the importance of single-resonant contributions for the production of a $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-odd Higgs boson.

    hep-ph1 citation
14. 14*

    Axion minivoids and implications for direct detection

    Benedikt Eggemeier🇩🇪 · Ciaran A. J. O'Hare🇦🇺 · Giovanni Pierobon🇦🇺 · Javier Redondo🇪🇸 · Yvonne Y. Y. Wong🇦🇺

    In the scenario in which QCD axion dark matter is produced after inflation, the Universe is populated by large inhomogeneities on very small scales. Eventually, these fluctuations will collapse gravitationally to form dense axion miniclusters that trap up to $\sim$75% of the dark matter within asteroid-mass clumps. Axion miniclusters are physically tiny however, so haloscope experiments searching for axions directly on Earth are much more likely to be probing ``minivoids'' -- the space in between miniclusters. This scenario seems like it ought to spell doom for haloscopes, but while these minivoids might be underdense, they are not totally devoid of axions. Using Schrödinger-Poisson and N-body simulations to evolve from realistic initial field configurations, we quantify the extent to which the local ambient dark matter density is suppressed in the post-inflationary scenario. We find that a typical experimental measurement will sample an axion density that is only around 10% of the expected galactic dark matter density. Our results also have implications for experimental campaigns lasting longer than a few years, as well as broadband haloscopes that have sensitivity to transient signatures. We show that for a $\mathcal{O}$(year)-long integration times, the measured dark matter density should be expected to vary by 20--30%.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·39 citations
15. 15*

    Thermal regularization of t-channel singularities in cosmology and particle physics: the general case

    Michal Iglicki🇵🇱

    This paper presents a~way to regularize the $t$-channel singularity (which appears when a~massive, stable $t$-channel mediator of a~given process is allowed to be on-shell, making the cross section infinite) in a~general case of particles of any spin (0,~\nicefrac12,~1) interacting within a~thermal medium. Those interactions result in a~finite lifetime of the mediator and allow to introduce an~effective momentum- and temperature-dependent width. As a result, the would-be-singular cross section becomes finite. A~complete derivation and an analytical result for the width are provided. For an illustration, the method is used to calculate the thermal widths and cross sections within the~Vector-Fermion Dark Matter model.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Beyond lepton number violation at the HL-LHC: Resolving heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations

    Stefan Antusch🇨🇭 · Jan Hajer🇵🇹 · Johannes Rosskopp🇨🇭

    Collider testable low-scale seesaw models predict pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos, that can produce an oscillating pattern of lepton number conserving and lepton number violating events. We explore if such heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations can be resolved at the HL-LHC. To that end, we employ the first ever full Monte Carlo simulation of the oscillations, for several example benchmark points, and show under which conditions the CMS experiment is able to discover them. The workflow builds on a FeynRules model file for the phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario (pSPSS) and a patched version of MadGraph , able to simulate heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations. We use the fast detector simulation Delphes and present a statistical analysis capable of inferring the significance of oscillations in the simulated data. Our results demonstrate that, for heavy neutrino mass splittings smaller than about 100 $\mu$eV, the discovery prospects for heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations at the HL-LHC are promising.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·14 citations
17. 17*

    The special Two zeros texture based on $A_4$ symmetry and perturbation method

    N. Razzaghi🇮🇷

    The current study aimed to investigate the special case of two zeros in a Majorana neutrino mass matrix based on $A_4$ symmetry, where charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. The texture $M_{\nu }^{S_7}$ with $(\mu ,\mu )$ and $(\tau ,\tau )$ vanishing element of mass matrix has magic and $\mu -\tau$ symmetry, with a tribimaximal form of the mixing matrix which leads to ${\theta }_{13}=0$ that it is not consistent with experimental data and does not seem to be allowed. Since ${\theta }_{13}$ is small compared to other neutrino mixing angles, we show that ${\theta }_{13}$, and $\delta$ could be obtained by using a complex symmetrical perturbation in the mass basis and also could be shown that $\delta m^2\equiv m_2^2-m_1^2\ne 0$ affecting the atmospheric mixing angle. We find that for the complex perturbation mass matrix, only the results of the case I, $\Delta <0$ and $\text{Re}(\alpha )<0$, are consistent with experimental data. Furthermore, the allowed range of our parameter space and complex element of perturbation are found which led to finding the deviation of ${\theta }_{23}$ from $45^{\circ }$ where this deviation is in line with the experimental data which indicate the accuracy of our model and its results. Our prediction is inverted mass ordering in the Case I. The results of the case II, $\Delta >0$ and $\text{Re}(\alpha )>0$, are ruled out.

    hep-phCommun.Theor.Phys.(2023)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Understanding the $0^{++}$ and $2^{++}$ charmonium(-like) states near 3.9 GeV

    Teng Ji🇨🇳 · Xiang-Kun Dong🇨🇳 · Miguel Albaladejo🇪🇸 · Meng-Lin Du🇪🇸 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Juan Nieves🇪🇸 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

    We propose that the $X(3915)$ observed in the $J/\psi \omega$ channel is the same state as the ${\chi }_{c2}(3930)$, and the $X(3960)$, observed in the $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ channel, is an $S$-wave $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ hadronic molecule. In addition, the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ {component in the $B^{+}\to D^{+}{D}^{-}{K}^{+}$} assigned to the $X(3915)$ in the current {\it Review of Particle Physics} has the same origin as the $X(3960)$, which has a mass around 3.94~GeV. To check the proposal, the available data in the $D\bar{D}$ and $D_s^{+}{D}_s^{-}$ channels from both $B$ decays and $\gamma \gamma$ fusion reaction are analyzed considering both the $D\bar{D}$-$D_s{\bar{D}}_s$-$D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$-$D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$ coupled channels with $0^{++}$ and a $2^{++}$ state introduced additionally. It is found that all the data in different processes can be simultaneously well reproduced, and the coupled-channel dynamics produce four hidden-charm scalar molecular states with masses around 3.73, 3.94, 3.99 and 4.23~GeV, respectively. The results may deepen our understanding of the spectrum of charmonia as well as of the interactions between charmed hadrons.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latSci.Bull.(2023)·34 citations
19. 19*

    Accessing chiral-even quark generalised parton distributions in the exclusive photoproduction of a $\gamma {\pi }^{\pm }$ pair with large invariant mass in both fixed-target and collider experiments

    Goran Duplančić🇭🇷 · Saad Nabeebaccus🇫🇷 · Kornelija Passek-Kumerički🇭🇷 · Bernard Pire🇫🇷 · Lech Szymanowski🇵🇱 · Samuel Wallon🇫🇷

    We compute the exclusive photoproduction of a $\gamma {\pi }^{\pm }$ pair using the collinear factorisation framework, in the kinematic regime where the pair has a large invariant mass. This exclusive channel presents a new avenue for the investigation of GPDs. It is particularly interesting as the high centre of mass energies available at future experiments will allow the study of GPDs at small skewness $\xi$. We compute the scattering amplitude of the process, at leading twist and leading order in ${\alpha }_s$, which is used to estimate its cross-section and linear polarisation asymmetries with respect to the incoming photon, for JLab~12-GeV, COMPASS, future EIC and LHC (in ultra-peripheral collisions) kinematics. We find that the order of magnitude of estimates are sufficiently large for a dedicated experimental analysis to be performed, especially at JLab. We also compare the results from an asymptotic distribution amplitude (DA) to those using a recently proposed \textit{holographic} DA.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2023)·46 citations
20. 20*

    SMEFT truncation effects in Higgs boson pair production at NLO QCD

    Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪

    We present results for Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-leading order in QCD, including effects of anomalous couplings within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). In particular, we investigate truncation effects of the SMEFT series, comparing different ways to treat powers of dimension-six operators and double operator insertions.

    hep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2023)·5 citations
21. 21*

    Basics of factorization in a scalar Yukawa field theory

    F. Aslan🇺🇸 · L. Gamberg🇺🇸 · J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez🇮🇹 · T. Rainaldi🇺🇸 · T. C. Rogers🇺🇸

    The factorization theorems of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) apply equally well to most simple quantum field theories that require renormalization but where direct calculations are much more straightforward. Working with these simpler theories is convenient for stress-testing the limits of the factorization program and for examining general properties of the parton density functions (pdfs) or other correlation functions that might be necessary for a factorized description of a process. With this view in mind, we review the steps of factorization in a real scalar Yukawa field theory for both deep inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) cross sections. In the case of SIDIS, we illustrate how to separate the small transverse momentum region, where transverse momentum dependent (TMD) pdfs are needed, from a purely collinear large transverse momentum region, and we examine the influence of subleading power corrections. We also review the steps for formulating TMD factorization in transverse coordinate space, and we study the effect of transforming to the well-known $b_{\ast }$-scheme. Within the Yukawa theory, we investigate the consequences of switching to a generalized parton model (GPM) approach, and compare with a fully factorized approach. Our results highlight the need to address similar or analogous issues in QCD.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-thPRD(2023)·12 citations
22. 22*

    Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: NF01 Topical Group Report on Three-Flavor Neutrino Oscillations

    Peter B. Denton🇺🇸 · Megan Friend🇯🇵 · Mark D. Messier🇺🇸 · Hirohisa A. Tanaka🇺🇸 · Sebastian Böser🇩🇪 · João A. B. Coelho🇫🇷 · Mathieu Perrin-Terrin🇫🇷 · Tom Stuttard🇩🇰

    This is the report from the Snowmass NF01 topical group and colleagues on the current status and expected future progress to understand the three-flavor neutrino oscillation picture.

    hep-phhep-ex40 citations
23. 23*

    From gamma rays to radio waves: Dark Matter searches across the spectrum

    Elena Pinetti🇫🇷

    In this thesis, we examined the possibilities offered by multi-messenger astronomy in the context of indirect dark matter detection. We have applied a multi-wavelength strategy by studying different signals across the electromagnetic spectrum (gamma-rays, X-rays, radio waves) produced at different scales of the Universe (galactic, extragalactic, cosmic web filaments). In Part I, we obtained the first-ever prediction of the cross-correlation signal between the extragalactic gamma-ray flux and the 21cm line emitted by hydrogen atoms in dark matter halos. We showed that the neutral hydrogen distribution is a highly competitive probe for dark matter searches, especially in view of the next-generation radio telescope Square Kilometre Array. In Part II, we obtained the limits on the annihilation cross-section of dark matter particles by comparing the X-ray flux measured by INTEGRAL with the theoretical signal expected in the case of particles with a mass between 1 MeV and 5 GeV. We derived the most stringent constraints in the literature on such particles with a mass between 150 MeV and 1.5 GeV. The originality of this work resides in including the contribution from the scattering between the low-energy photons in the Milky Way with the electrons and positrons, produced by dark matter particles. In Part III, we focused on an exotic radio signal, emerging from the GLEAM survey, which seems compatible with a filament of the cosmic web and provides direct evidence for one of the pillars of our understanding of structure formation in the Universe. This radio emission can be explained by dark matter candidates with a mass in the range of 5-10 GeV, decaying into pairs of electrons and positrons. This thesis contributes to a broad spectrum of research for particle dark matter on different levels, since we considered different types of signals, multiple targets and different mass scales.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph3 citations
24. 24*

    Signatures of a High Temperature QCD Transition in the Early Universe

    Philip Lu🇰🇷 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵 · George M. Fuller🇺🇸

    Beyond Standard Model extensions of QCD could result in quark and gluon confinement occurring well above a temperature of $\sim$GeV. These models can also alter the order of the QCD phase transition. The enhanced production of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can accompany the change in relativistic degrees of freedom at the QCD transition therefore could favor the production of PBHs with mass scales smaller than the Standard Model QCD horizon scale. Consequently, and unlike PBHs associated with a standard GeV-scale QCD transition, such PBHs can account for all the dark matter abundance in the unconstrained asteroid-mass window. This links beyond Standard Model modifications of QCD physics over a broad range of unexplored temperature regimes ($\sim 10-10^3$ TeV) with microlensing surveys searching for PBHs. Additionally, we discuss implications of these models for gravitational wave experiments. We show that a first order QCD phase transition at $\sim 7$ TeV is consistent with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam candidate event, while a $\sim 70$ GeV transition is consistent with OGLE candidate events, and also could account for the claimed NANOGrav gravitational wave signal.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2023)·24 citations
25. 25*

    Kaon condensation in skyrmion matter and compact stars

    Christoph Adam🇪🇸 · Alberto García Martín-Caro🇪🇸 · Miguel Huidobro🇪🇸 · Ricardo Vázquez🇪🇸 · Andrzej Wereszczynski🇵🇱

    We address the possibility of the appearance of a charged kaon condensate in neutron star cores described within a generalized Skyrme model. Our treatment of strange degrees of freedom is based on the Bound State Approach by Callan and Klebanov, which allows to obtain an in-medium effective potential for the $s$-wave kaon condensate. We predict the onset of kaon condensation at a certain threshold density - whose value depends on the parameters of the model, and ranges between 1.5 and 2.5 times saturation density -, and obtain both the particle fractions and equation of state for dense matter in the kaon condensed phase. Finally, we discuss the effect of such condensates on the mass-radius curves and other observable properties of neutron stars with kaon condensed cores.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
26. 26*

    Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Post-inflationary Structure Formation

    Benedikt Eggemeier🇩🇪 · Jens C. Niemeyer🇩🇪 · Karsten Jedamzik🇫🇷 · Richard Easther🇳🇿

    Following inflation, the Universe may pass through an early matter-dominated phase supported by the oscillating inflaton condensate. Initially small fluctuations in the condensate grow gravitationally on subhorizon scales and can collapse to form nonlinear ``inflaton halos''. Their formation and subsequent tidal interactions will source gravitational waves, resulting in a stochastic background in the present Universe. We extend N-body simulations that model the growth and interaction of collapsed structures to compute the resulting gravitational wave emission. The spectrum of this radiation is well-matched by semi-analytical estimates based on the collapse of inflaton halos and their tidal evolution. We use this semi-analytic formalism to infer the spectrum for scenarios where the early matter-dominated phase gives way to a thermalized universe at temperatures as low as $100\mathrm{MeV}$ and we discuss the possible experimental opportunities created by this signal in inflationary models in which thermalization takes place long after inflation has completed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·26 citations
27. 27*

    Gravitational wave signatures of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in isolated neutron stars and binaries

    Ritam Mallick🇮🇳

    The fundamental constituent of matter at high temperature and density has intrigued physicists for quite some time. Recent results from heavy-ion colliders have enriched the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram at high temperatures and low baryon density. However, the phase at low temperatures and finite (mostly intermediate) baryon density remain unexplored. Theoretical Quantum Chromodynamics calculation predicts phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter at such densities. Presently, the best laboratories available to probe such densities lie at the core of neutron stars. Recent results of how such phase transition signatures can be probed using gravitational waves both in isolated neutron stars and neutron star in binaries. The isolated neutron star would probe the very low-temperature regime, whereas neutron stars in binaries would probe finite baryon density in the intermediate temperature regime. We would also discuss whether the gravitational wave signature of such phase transition is unique and the detector specification needed to detect such signals.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·2 citations
28. 28*

    Numerical simulations of inflationary dynamics: slow roll and beyond

    Siddharth S. Bhatt🇮🇳 · Swagat S. Mishra🇬🇧 · Soumen Basak🇮🇳 · Surya N. Sahoo🇮🇳

    Numerical simulations of the inflationary dynamics are presented here for a single canonical scalar field minimally coupled to gravity. We spell out the basic equations governing the inflationary dynamics in terms of cosmic time $t$ and define a set of dimensionless variables convenient for numerical analysis. We then provide a link to our simple numerical Python code on GitHub that can be used to simulate the background dynamics as well as the evolution of linear perturbations during inflation. The code computes both scalar and tensor power spectra for a given inflaton potential $V(\varphi )$. We discuss a concrete algorithm to use the code for various purposes, especially for computing the enhanced scalar power spectrum in the context of Primordial Black Holes and scalar-induced Gravitational Waves. We also compare the efficiency of different variables used in the literature to compute the scalar fluctuations. We intend to extend the framework to simulate the dynamics of a number of different quantities, including the computation of scalar-induced second-order tensor power spectrum in the near future.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thSciPost Phys.Codeb.(2024)·16 citations
29. 29*

    Synergy between CSST galaxy survey and gravitational-wave observation: Inferring the Hubble constant from dark standard sirens

    Ji-Yu Song🇺🇸 · Ling-Feng Wang🇺🇸 · Yichao Li🇺🇸 · Ze-Wei Zhao🇨🇳 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Wen Zhao🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences encode the absolute luminosity distances of GW sources. Once the redshifts of GW sources are known, one can use the distance-redshift relation to constrain cosmological parameters. One way to obtain the redshifts is to localize GW sources by GW observations and then use galaxy catalogs to determine redshifts from a statistical analysis of redshift information of the potential host galaxies, commonly referred to as the dark siren method. The third-generation (3G) GW detectors are planned to work in the 2030s and will observe numerous compact binary coalescences. Using these GW events as dark sirens requires high-quality galaxy catalogs from future sky survey projects. The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will be launched in 2024 and will observe billions of galaxies within a 17500 deg${}^2$ survey area with redshift up to $z\sim 4$, providing photometric and spectroscopic galaxy catalogs. In this work, we simulate the CSST galaxy catalogs and the 5-year GW data from the 3G GW detectors and combine them to infer the Hubble constant ($H_0$). Our results show that the measurement precision of $H_0$ could reach the sub-percent level, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. We conclude that the synergy between CSST and the 3G GW detectors is of great significance in measuring the Hubble constant.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phSCPMA(2024)·70 citations
30. 30*

    Probing Pseudo-Dirac Neutrinos with Astrophysical Sources at IceCube

    Kiara Carloni🇺🇸 · Ivan Martinez-Soler🇺🇸 · Carlos A. Arguelles🇺🇸 · K. S. Babu🇺🇸 · P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸

    The recent observation of NGC 1068 by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has opened a new window to neutrino physics with astrophysical baselines. In this Letter, we propose a new method to probe the nature of neutrino masses using these observations. In particular, our method enables searching for signatures of pseudo-Dirac neutrinos with mass-squared differences that reach down to $\delta m^2\gtrsim 10^{-21}{\text{eV}}^2$, improving the reach of terrestrial experiments by more than a billion. Finally, we discuss how the discovery of a constellation of neutrino sources can further increase the sensitivity and cover a wider range of $\delta m^2$ values.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phPRD(2024)·35 citations
31. 31*

    Distinct signatures of spinning PBH domination and evaporation: doubly peaked gravitational waves, dark relics and CMB complementarity

    Nilanjandev Bhaumik🇮🇳 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Rajeev Kumar Jain🇮🇳 · Marek Lewicki🇵🇱

    Ultra-low mass primordial black holes (PBH), which may briefly dominate the energy density of the universe but completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), can lead to interesting observable signatures. In our previous work, we studied the generation of a doubly peaked spectrum of induced stochastic gravitational wave background (ISGWB) for such a scenario and explored the possibility of probing a class of baryogenesis models wherein the emission of massive unstable particles from the PBH evaporation and their subsequent decay contributes to the matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this work, we extend the scope of our earlier work by including spinning PBHs and consider the emission of light relativistic dark sector particles, which contribute to the dark radiation (DR) and massive stable dark sector particles, thereby accounting for the dark matter (DM) component of the universe. The ISGWB can probe the non-thermal production of these heavy DM particles, which cannot be accessible in laboratory searches. For the case of DR, we find a novel complementarity between the measurements of $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ from these emitted particles and the ISGWB from PBH domination. Our results indicate that the ISGWB has a weak dependence on the initial PBH spin. However, for gravitons as the DR particles, the initial PBH spin plays a significant role, and only above a critical value of the initial spin parameter $a_{\ast }$, which depends only on initial PBH mass, the graviton emission can be probed in the CMB-HD experiment. Upcoming CMB experiments such as CMB-HD and CMB-Bharat, together with future GW detectors like LISA and ET, open up an exciting possibility of constraining the PBHs parameter space providing deeper insights into the expansion history of the universe between the end of inflation and BBN.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·72 citations
32. 32*

    Electric strings in non-Abelian theories

    Tanmay Vachaspati🇺🇸

    We find electric string solutions in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.