Thu·Oct 6, 2022Thursday·October 6, 2022

1. 01*

   Improvement of W Boson Hadronic Decay Width up to $\mathcal{O}\left({\alpha }_s^4\right)$-order

   Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi🇨🇱 · Claudio Dib🇨🇱 · Ivan Schmidt🇨🇱

   The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) is used to remove uncertainties in the renormalization scale and scheme, thus eliminating unnecessary systematic errors for high-precision perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions. In this work, we use PMC method to improve the determination of the decay width of the $W$ boson in hadrons by working on the corrections coming from pQCD theory at the four-loop level. In conventional scale setting, we find that the initial scaling dependence of the renormalization is small only at high correction orders, whereas in single-scale PMC method we obtain a scaling-independent initial result. Finally, the wide hadronic decay of $W$ is used for an indirect determination of the charm-strange mixing parameter.

   hep-ph0 citations
2. 02*

   Inverse mass ordering of light scalar mesons in the Nambu Jona-Lasinio model

   Takahiro Saionji🇯🇵 · Daisuke Jido🇯🇵 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵

   The masses of the low-lying scalar mesons are investigated in the three-flavor Nambu Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model by treating the scalar mesons as composite objects of a quark and an antiquark. It is known that a simple $\bar{q}q$ picture fails to reproduce so-called inverse mass ordering for the scalar mesons. Recently a new mechanism to reproduce the observed mass spectrum of the scalar mesons was proposed in a linear sigma model by introducing flavor symmetry breaking induced by the U(1) axial anomaly. Motivated by this proposal, we examine whether this new mechanism works also in the NJL model. By calculating the scalar meson masses, we find that the NJL model reproduces the observed mass ordering with sufficient strength of the new term. With this mechanism, it turns out that the constituent strange quark mass gets degenerate to that of the up and down quark if the inverse mass ordering is reproduced. We also discuss the scalar diquark masses to check the consistency of the degeneracy of the constituent quark masses with the light baryon masses.

   hep-phnucl-thPTEP(2023)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Analysis of the contribution of the quantum anomaly energy to the proton mass

   Xiao-Yun Wang🇨🇳 · Jingxuan Bu🇨🇳 · Fancong Zeng🇨🇳

   Inspired by the recent Hall C and GlueX measurements of $J/\psi$ photoproduction, a systematic analysis of the contribution of quantum anomalous energy (QAE) to the proton mass is carried out under the framework of the vector meson dominance model. The results show that the effective Pomeron model and the parametrized two gluon exchange model can explain the cross section of $J/\psi$ photoproduction well. Based on the predicted cross section values given by the two models, the distribution of the QAE contribution with the energy is extracted for the first time. Finally, the average value of the QAE contribution is estimated to be (3.50$\pm$0.70)$\%$, which suggests that the QAE contribution to the proton mass is small. Accordingly, we compared this result with those of other groups and explored the causes for the differences.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·8 citations
4. 04*

   The Trilinear Higgs Self-Couplings at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_t^2)$ in the CP-Violating NMSSM

   Christoph Borschensky🇩🇪 · Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Martin Gabelmann🇩🇪 · Margarete Mühlleitner🇩🇪 · Heidi Rzehak🇩🇪

   In supersymmetric theories the Higgs boson masses are derived quantities where higher-order corrections have to be included in order to match the measured Higgs mass value at the precision of current experiments. Closely related through the Higgs potential are the Higgs self-interactions. In addition, the measurement of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling provides the first step towards the reconstruction of the Higgs potential and the experimental verification of the Higgs mechanism sui generis. In this paper, we advance our prediction of the trilinear Higgs self-couplings in the CP-violating Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the SM (NMSSM). We provide the $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_t^2)$ corrections in the gaugeless limit at vanishing external momenta. The higher-order corrections turn out to be larger than the corresponding mass corrections but show the expected perturbative convergence. The inclusion of the loop-corrected effective trilinear Higgs self-coupling in gluon fusion into Higgs pairs and the estimate of the theoretical uncertainty due to missing higher-order corrections indicate that the missing electroweak higher-order corrections may be significant.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·19 citations
5. 05*

   Lepton Flavour Violation Tests of Type II Seesaw Leptogenesis

   N. D. Barrie🇰🇷 · S. T. Petcov🇮🇹

   Upcoming Lepton Flavour Violation experiments searching for $\mu \to 3e$ and $\mu$ to $e$ conversion in nuclei processes will provide new opportunities to test the fundamental properties of the neutrino sector, and possibly the origin of matter. In recent work, it was shown that the Type II Seesaw mechanism alone can simultaneously explain the neutrino masses, Leptogenesis, and inflation. A key prediction of this model was the possibility of signals being produced in Lepton Flavour Violation decays. Searches at future experiments such as Mu3e and COMET will be integral to determining the properties of the associated triplet Higgs, and will complement other terrestrial experimental searches and cosmological measurements. In this work, we survey the detection prospects for the ingredients of the Type II Seesaw Leptogenesis scenario, and discuss the corresponding dependencies on the neutrino oscillation parameters and $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ phases.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·25 citations
6. 06*

   Models of $J/\Psi$ photo-production reactions on the nucleon

   T.-S. H. Lee🇺🇸 · S. Sakinah🇰🇷 · Yongseok Oh🇰🇷

   The $J/\Psi$ photo-production reactions on the nucleon can provide information on the roles of gluons in determining the $J/\Psi$-nucleon ($J/\Psi$-N) interactions and the structure of the nucleon. The information on the $J/\Psi$-N interactions is needed to test lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations and to understand the nucleon resonances such as $N^{\ast }(P_c)$ recently reported by the LHCb Collaboration. In addition, it is also needed to investigate the production of nuclei with hidden charms and to extract the gluon distributions in nuclei. The main purpose of this article is to review six reaction models of $\gamma +p\to J/\Psi +p$ reactions which have been and can be applied to analyze the data from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The formulae for each model are given and used to obtain the results to show the extent to which the available data can be described. The models presented include the Pomeron-exchange model of Donnachie and Landshoff (Pom-DL) and its extensions to include $J/\Psi$-N potentials extracted from LQCD (Pom-pot) and to also use the constituent quark model (CQM) to account for the quark substructure of $J/\Psi$ (Pom-CQM). The other three models are developed from applying the perturbative QCD approach to calculate the two-gluon exchange using the generalized parton distribution (GPD) of the nucleon (GPD-based), two- and three-gluon exchanges using the parton distribution of the nucleon ($2g+3g$), and the exchanges of scalar ($0^{++}$) and tensor ($2^{++}$) glueballs within the holographic formulation (holog). The results of investigating the excitation of the nucleon resonances $N^{\ast }(P_c)$ in the $\gamma +p\to J/\Psi +p$ reactions are also given.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2022)·22 citations
7. 07*

   Decay of superluminal neutrinos in the collinear approximation

   J. M. Carmona🇪🇸 · J. L. Cortés🇪🇸 · J. J. Relancio🇪🇸 · M. A. Reyes🇪🇸

   The kinematics of the three body decay, with a modified energy-momentum relation of the particles due to a violation of Lorentz invariance, is presented in detail in the collinear approximation. The results are applied to the decay of superluminal neutrinos producing an electron-positron or a neutrino-antineutrino pair. Explicit expressions for the energy distributions, required for a study of the cascade of neutrinos produced in the propagation of superluminal neutrinos, are derived.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2023)·10 citations
8. 08*

   Null Hypothesis Test for Anomaly Detection

   Jernej F. Kamenik🇸🇮 · Manuel Szewc🇸🇮

   We extend the use of Classification Without Labels for anomaly detection with a hypothesis test designed to exclude the background-only hypothesis. By testing for statistical independence of the two discriminating dataset regions, we are able to exclude the background-only hypothesis without relying on fixed anomaly score cuts or extrapolations of background estimates between regions. The method relies on the assumption of conditional independence of anomaly score features and dataset regions, which can be ensured using existing decorrelation techniques. As a benchmark example, we consider the LHC Olympics dataset where we show that mutual information represents a suitable test for statistical independence and our method exhibits excellent and robust performance at different signal fractions even in presence of realistic feature correlations.

   hep-phcs.LGhep-exPLB(2023)·23 citations
9. 09*

   Scalar overproduction in standard cosmology and predictivity of non-thermal dark matter

   Oleg Lebedev🇫🇮

   Stable scalars can be copiously produced in the Early Universe even if they have no coupling to other fields. We study production of such scalars during and after (high scale) inflation, and obtain strong constraints on their mass scale. Quantum gravity-induced Planck-suppressed operators make an important impact on the abundance of dark relics. Unless the corresponding Wilson coefficients are very small, they normally lead to overproduction of dark states. In the absence of a quantum gravity theory, such effects are uncontrollable, bringing into question predictivity of many non-thermal dark matter models. These considerations may have non-trivial implications for string theory constructions, where scalar fields are abundant.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJCAP(2023)·35 citations
10. 10*

    Baryon anticorrelations and the Pauli principle in PYTHIA

    Noe Demazure (ENS Lyon)🇫🇷 · Víctor González Sebastián (Wayne State U.)🇺🇸 · Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada (U. Complutense Madrid)🇪🇸

    We present a computational investigation of a problem of hadron collisions from recent years, that of baryon anticorrelations. This is an experimental dearth of baryons near other baryons in phase space, not seen upon examining numerical Monte Carlo simulations. We have addressed one of the best known Monte Carlo codes, PYTHIA, to see what baryon (anti)correlations it produces, where they are originated at the string-fragmentation level in the underlying Lund model, and what simple modifications could lead to better agreement with data. We propose two ad-hoc alterations of the fragmentation code, a "one-baryon" and an "always-baryon" policies that qualitatively reproduce the data behaviour, i.e anticorrelation, and suggest that lacking Pauli-principle induced corrections at the quark level could be the culprit behind the current disagreement between computations and experiment.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thFew Body Syst.(2023)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Linear scaling of lepton charge asymmetry in $W^{\pm }$ production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions

    An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ming Zhang🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳 · Du-Juan Wang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Mei Li🇨🇳 · Gang Chen🇨🇳 · Xu Cai🇨🇳 · Ben-Hao Sa🇨🇳

    The lepton charge asymmetry in $W^{\pm }$ production in the nuclear collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV is investigated with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE. Recently published ALICE and the ATLAS data of lepton charge asymmetry are well reproduced. An interesting linear scaling behavior is observed in the lepton charge asymmetry as a function of the collision system valence quark number asymmetry among the different size of nuclear collision systems at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV. This linear scaling behavior may serve as an additional constraint on the PDF (nPDF) extractions.

    hep-phnucl-thMod.Phys.Lett.A(2023)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Form factor and model dependence in neutrino-nucleus cross section predictions

    Daniel Simons🇺🇸 · Noah Steinberg🇺🇸 · Alessandro Lovato🇺🇸 · Yannick Meurice🇺🇸 · Noemi Rocco🇺🇸 · Michael Wagman🇺🇸

    To achieve its design goals, the next generation of neutrino-oscillation accelerator experiments requires percent-level predictions of neutrino-nucleus cross sections supplemented by robust estimates of the theoretical uncertainties involved. The latter arise from both approximations in solving the nuclear many-body problem and in the determination of the single- and few-nucleon quantities taken as input by many-body methods. To quantify both types of uncertainty, we compute flux-averaged double-differential cross sections using the Green's function Monte Carlo and spectral function methods as well as different parameterizations of the nucleon axial form factors based on either deuterium bubble-chamber data or lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations. The cross-section results are compared with available experimental data from the MiniBooNE and T2K collaborations. We also discuss the uncertainties associated with $N\to \Delta$ transition form factors that enter the two-body current operator. We quantify the relations between neutrino-nucleus cross section and nucleon form factor uncertainties. These relations enable us to determine the form factor precision targets required to achieve a given cross-section precision.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2025)·26 citations
13. 13*

    Higgs Squared

    Csaba Csaki🇺🇸 · Ameen Ismail🇺🇸 · Maximilian Ruhdorfer🇺🇸 · Joseph Tooby-Smith🇺🇸

    We present a novel construction for a Higgs-VEV sensitive operator, which can be used as a trigger operator in cosmic selection models for the electroweak hierarchy problem. Our operator does not contain any degrees of freedom charged under the SM gauge symmetries, leading to reduced tuning in the resulting models. Our construction is based on the extension of a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) with a softly broken approximate global $D_8$ symmetry (the symmetry group of a square). A cosmic crunching model based on our extended Higgs sector has only a percent level tuning corresponding to the usual little hierarchy problem. In large regions of parameter space the 2HDM is naturally pushed towards the alignment limit. A complete model requires the introduction of fermionic top partners to ensure the approximate $D_8$ symmetry in the fermion sector. We also show that the same extended Higgs sector can be used for a novel implementation of the seesaw mechanism of neutrino masses.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·13 citations
14. 14*

    Long-lived heavy neutral leptons from mesons in effective field theory

    Rebeca Beltrán🇪🇸 · Giovanna Cottin🇨🇱 · Juan Carlos Helo🇨🇱 · Martin Hirsch🇪🇸 · Arsenii Titov🇪🇸 · Zeren Simon Wang🇹🇼

    In the framework of the low-energy effective field theory of the Standard Model extended with heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), we calculate the production rates of HNLs from meson decays triggered by dimension-six operators. We consider both lepton-number-conserving and lepton-number-violating four-fermion operators involving either a pair of HNLs or a single HNL. Assuming that HNLs are long-lived, we perform simulations and investigate the reach of the proposed far detectors at the high-luminosity LHC to (i) active-heavy neutrino mixing and (ii) the Wilson coefficients associated with the effective operators, for HNL masses below the mass of the $B$-meson. We further convert the latter to the associated new-physics scales. Our results show that scales in excess of hundreds of TeV and the active-heavy mixing squared as small as $10^{-15}$ can be probed by these experiments.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·29 citations
15. 15*

    Enhancing Searches for Heavy QCD Axions via Dimuon Final States

    Raymond T. Co🇺🇸 · Soubhik Kumar🇺🇸 · Zhen Liu🇺🇸

    Heavy QCD axions are well-motivated extensions of the QCD axion that address the quality problem while still solving the strong CP problem. Owing to the gluon coupling, critical for solving the strong CP problem, these axions can be produced in significant numbers in beam dump and collider environments for axion decay constants as large as PeV, relevant for addressing the axion quality problem. In addition, if these axions have leptonic couplings, they can give rise to long-lived decay into lepton pairs, in particular, dominantly into muons above the dimuon threshold and below the GeV scale in a broad class of axion models. Considering existing constraints, primarily from rare meson decays, we demonstrate that current and future neutrino facilities and long-lived particle searches have the potential to probe significant parts of the heavy QCD axion parameter space via dimuon final states.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·24 citations
16. 16*

    Tabletop potentials for inflation from $f(R)$ gravity

    Yuri Shtanov🇺🇦 · Varun Sahni🇮🇳 · Swagat S. Mishra🇬🇧

    We show that a large class of modified gravity theories (MOG) with the Jordan-frame Lagrangian $f(R)$ translate into scalar-field (scalaron) models with hilltop potentials in the Einstein frame. (A rare exception to this rule is provided by the Starobinsky model for which the corresponding scalaron potential is plateau-like for $\varphi >0$.) We find that MOG models featuring two distinct mass scales lead to scalaron potentials that have a flattened hilltop, or tabletop. Inflationary evolution in tabletop models agrees very well with CMB observations. Tabletop potentials therefore provide a new and compelling class of MOG-based inflationary models. By contrast, MOG models with a single mass scale generally correspond to steep hilltop potentials and fail to reproduce the CMB power spectrum. Inflationary evolution in hilltop/tabletop models can proceed in two alternative directions: towards the stable point at small $R$ describing the observable universe, or towards the asymptotic region at large $R$. The MOG models which we examine have several new properties including the fact that gravity can become asymptotically vanishing, with $G_{\mathrm{eff}}\to 0$, at infinite or large finite values of the scalar curvature $R$. A universe evolving towards the asymptotically vanishing gravity region at large $R$ will either run into a 'Big-Rip' singularity, or inflate eternally.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·16 citations
17. 17*

    Gravitational microlensing by dressed primordial black holes

    Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Tan Chen🇨🇳 · Shao-Jiang Wang🇨🇳 · Xing-Yu Yang🇰🇷

    The accretion of dark matter around the primordial black holes (PBHs) could lead to the formation of surrounding minihalos, whose mass can be several orders of magnitude higher than the central PBH mass. The gravitational microlensing produced by such dressed PBHs could be quite different from that of the bare PBHs, which may significantly affect the constraints on the PBH abundance. In this paper, we study the gravitational microlensing produced by dressed PBHs in detail. We find that all the microlensing effects by dressed PBHs have asymptotic behavior depending on the minihalo size, which can be used to predict the microlensing effects by comparing the halo size with the Einstein radius. When the minihalo radius and the Einstein radius are comparable, the effect of the density distribution of the halo is significant to the microlensing. Applying the stellar microlensing by dressed PBHs to the data of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment and Subaru/HSC Andromeda observations, we obtain the improved constraints on the PBH abundance. It shows that the existence of dark matter minihalos surrounding PBHs can strengthen the constraints on the PBH abundance from stellar microlensing by several orders, and can shift the constraints to the well-known asteroid mass window where PBHs can constitute all the dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·28 citations
18. 18*

    Searching for Lorentz-violating Signatures from Astrophysical Photon Observations

    Jun-Jie Wei🇨🇳

    As a basic symmetry of Einstein's theory of special relativity, Lorentz invariance has withstood very strict tests. But there are still motivations for such tests. Firstly, many theories of quantum gravity suggest violations of Lorentz invariance at the Planck energy scale. Secondly, even minute deviations from Lorentz symmetry can accumulate as particle travel across large distances, leading to detectable effects at attainable energies. Thanks to their long baselines and high-energy emission, astrophysical observations provide sensitive tests of Lorentz invariance in the photon sector. In this paper, I briefly introduce astrophysical methods that we adopted to search for Lorentz-violating signatures, including vacuum dispersion and vacuum birefringence.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph2 citations
19. 19*

    Rediscovery of Numerical Lüscher's Formula from the Neural Network

    Yu Lu🇨🇳 · Yi-Jia Wang🇨🇳 · Ying Chen🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳

    We present that by predicting the spectrum in discrete space from the phase shift in continuous space, the neural network can remarkably reproduce the numerical Lüscher's formula to a high precision. The model-independent property of the Lüscher's formula is naturally realized by the generalizability of the neural network. This exhibits the great potential of the neural network to extract model-independent relation between model-dependent quantities, and this data-driven approach could greatly facilitate the discovery of the physical principles underneath the intricate data.

    ↳ hep-latcs.LGhep-phhep-thCPC(2024)·4 citations
20. 20*

    Nonlinear effective dynamics of Brownian particle in magnetized plasma

    Yanyan Bu🇨🇳 · Biye Zhang🇨🇳 · Jingbo Zhang🇨🇳

    An effective description is presented for a Brownian particle in a magnetized plasma. In order to systematically capture various corrections to linear Langevin equation, we construct effective action for the Brownian particle, to quartic order in its position. The effective action is first derived within non-equilibrium effective field theory formalism, and then confirmed via a microscopic holographic model consisting of an open string probing magnetic AdS${}_5$ black brane. For practical usage, the non-Gaussian effective action is converted into Fokker-Planck type equation, which is an Euclidean analog of Schr$\ddot{\mathrm{o}}$dinger equation and describes time evolution of probability distribution for particle's position and velocity.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2022)·12 citations
21. 21*

    The Dark Universe: Primordial Black Hole $\leftrightharpoons$ Dark Graviton Gas Connection

    Luis Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Dieter Lust🇩🇪

    We study the possible correspondence between 5-dimensional primordial black holes and massive 5-dimensional KK gravitons as dark matter candidate within the recently proposed dark dimension scenario that addresses the cosmological hierarchy problem. First, we show that in the local universe a population of 5-dimensional black holes with $M_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 7\times 10^{13}\mathrm{g}$ would be practically indistinguishable from a KK tower of dark gravitons with $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\sim 50\mathrm{keV}$. Second, we connect the mass increase of 5-dimensional black holes and the related temperature decrease with the cooling of the tower of massive spin-2 KK excitations of the graviton. The dark gravitons are produced at a mass $\sim 1-50\mathrm{GeV}$ and the bulk of their mass shifts down to roughly $1-100\mathrm{keV}$ today. The cooling of the system proceeds via decay to lighter gravitons without losing much total mass density, resembling the intra-tower decays that characterize the cosmological evolution of the dynamical dark matter framework. We associate the intra-tower decays of the graviton gas with the black hole growth through accretion. We also discuss that the primordial black hole $\leftrightharpoons$ dark graviton gas connection can be nicely explained by the bound state picture of black holes in terms of gravitons.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPLB(2023)·48 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.