Mon·Jul 5, 2021Monday·July 5, 2021

1. 01*

   Ghost dynamics in the soft gluon limit

   A. C. Aguilar🇧🇷 · C. O. Ambrósio🇧🇷 · F. De Soto🇪🇸 · M. N. Ferreira🇧🇷 · B. M. Oliveira🇧🇷 · J. Papavassiliou🇪🇸 · J. Rodríguez-Quintero🇪🇸

   We present a detailed study of the dynamics associated with the ghost sector of quenched QCD in the Landau gauge, where the relevant dynamical equations are supplemented with key inputs originating from large-volume lattice simulations. In particular, we solve the coupled system of Schwinger-Dyson equations that governs the evolution of the ghost dressing function and the ghost-gluon vertex, using as input for the gluon propagator lattice data that have been cured from volume and discretization artifacts. In addition, we explore the soft gluon limit of the same system, employing recent lattice data for the three-gluon vertex that enters in one of the diagrams defining the Schwinger-Dyson equation of the ghost-gluon vertex. The results obtained from the numerical treatment of these equations are in excellent agreement with lattice data for the ghost dressing function, once the latter have undergone the appropriate scale-setting and artifact elimination refinements. Moreover, the coincidence observed between the ghost-gluon vertex in general kinematics and in the soft gluon limit reveals an outstanding consistency of physical concepts and computational schemes.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thPRD(2021)·48 citations
2. 02*

   Hidden and doubly heavy molecular states from interactions $D_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}_s^{(\ast )}$ and $D_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{B}_s^{(\ast )}$

   Zuo-Ming Ding🇨🇳 · Han-Yu Jiang🇨🇳 · Dan Song🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳

   In this work, we perform a systematical investigation about the possible hidden and doubly heavy molecular states with open and hidden strangeness from interactions of $D^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}_s^{(\ast )}$, $D_s^{(\ast )}{\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B_s^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}_s^{(\ast )}$, $D^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B^{(\ast )}{B}_s^{(\ast )}$, and $D_s^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$/$B_s^{(\ast )}{B}_s^{(\ast )}$ in a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. The interactions of the systems considered are described within the one-boson-exchange model, which includes exchanges of light mesons and $J/\psi /{\rm Y}$ meson. Possible molecular states are searched for as poles of scattering amplitudes of the interactions considered. The results suggest that recently observed $Z_{cs}(3985)$ can be assigned as a molecular state of $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s+D{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$, which is a partner of $Z_c(3900)$ state as a $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular state. The calculation also favors the existence of hidden heavy states $D_s{\bar{D}}_s/B_s{\bar{B}}_s$ with spin parity $J^P=0^{+}$, $D_s{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }/B_s{\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }$ with $1^{+}$, and $D_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }/B_s^{\ast }{\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }$ with $0^{+}$, $1^{+}$, and $2^{+}$. In the doubly heavy sector, the bound states can be found from the interactions $(D^{\ast }{D}_s+D{D}_s^{\ast })/(B^{\ast }{B}_s+B{B}_s^{\ast })$ with $1^{+}$, $D_s{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }/B_s{\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }$ with $1^{+}$, $D^{\ast }{D}_s^{\ast }/B^{\ast }{B}_s^{\ast }$ with $1^{+}$ and $2^{+}$, and $D_s^{\ast }{D}_s^{\ast }/B_s^{\ast }{B}_s^{\ast }$ with $1^{+}$ and $2^{+}$. Some other interactions are also found attractive, but may be not strong enough to produce a bound state. The results in this work are helpful for understanding the $Z_{cs}(3985)$, and future experimental search for the new molecular states.

   hep-phEPJC(2021)·29 citations
3. 03*

   Correlated gravitational wave and microlensing signals of macroscopic dark matter

   Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · Po-Yan Tseng🇰🇷

   Fermion dark matter particles can aggregate to form extended dark matter structures via a first-order phase transition in which the particles get trapped in the false vacuum. We study Fermi balls created in a phase transition induced by a generic quartic thermal effective potential. We show that for Fermi balls of mass, $3\times 10^{-12}{M}_{\odot }\lesssim M_{\mathrm{FB}}\lesssim 10^{-5}{M}_{\odot }$, correlated observations of gravitational waves produced during the phase transition (at SKA/THEIA/$\mu$Ares), and gravitational microlensing caused by Fermi balls (at Subaru-HSC), can be made.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2021)·22 citations
4. 04*

   X(3872) Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

   Baoyi Chen🇨🇳 · Liu Jiang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Hai Liu🇨🇳 · Yunpeng Liu🇨🇳 · Jiaxing Zhao🇨🇳

   Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the nature of X(3872) compared with electron-positron and proton-proton (antiproton) collisions. We investigate the centrality and momentum dependence of X(3872) in heavy-ion collisions via the Langevin equation and instant coalescence model (LICM). When X(3872) is treated as a compact tetraquark state, the tetraquarks are produced via the coalescence of heavy and light quarks near the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phase transition due to the restoration of the heavy quark potential at $T\to T_c$. In the molecular scenario, loosely bound X(3872) is produced via the coalescence of $D^0$-${\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$ mesons in a hadronic medium after kinetic freeze-out. We employ the LICM to explain both $D^0$ and $J/\psi$ production as a benchmark. Then we give predictions regarding X(3872) production and the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}^{X(3872)}$. We find that the total yield of tetraquark is several times larger than the molecular production in Pb-Pb collisions. Although the geometric size of the molecule is huge, the coalescence probability is small due to strict constraints on the relative momentum between $D^0$ and ${\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$ in the molecular Wigner function, which significantly suppresses the molecular yield.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2022)·44 citations
5. 05*

   Constraining the SMEFT with a differential cross section measurement of $tWZ$ production at the HL-LHC

   James Keaveney🇿🇦

   A prospective measurement of the differential cross section of \tWZ production with respect to the transverse momentum of the \PZ boson using a general-purpose detector at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is described. The response of a general-purpose detector at the HL-LHC is simulated and used to estimate the uncertainties and covariances of the differential cross section measurement. Constraints on the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) enabled by the measurement are estimated. A parametric model of the differential cross section in the SMEFT is constructed and is used to determine the expected posterior probability function of six SMEFT Wilson coefficients and the expected 95\% Bayesian credible intervals for each coefficient and pair of coefficients. The intervals suggest that for all coefficients, the measurement will provide competitive but weaker constraints than those derived from other \mbox{HL-LHC} measurements involving top quarks and \PZ bosons. However, as the measurement is simultaneously sensitive to to a unique set of SMEFT coefficients, it will provide a useful input to a global SMEFT analysis that considers many operators.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Impact of $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$ measurements on beyond the Standard Model theories

   Thomas E. Browder🇺🇸 · Nilendra G. Deshpande🇺🇸 · Rusa Mandal🇩🇪 · Rahul Sinha🇮🇳

   Semileptonic flavor changing neutral current transitions with a pair of neutrinos in the final state are very accurately determined in the standard model (SM) and thus provide an accurate and sensitive probe for physics beyond the SM. Until recently, the poor tagging efficiency for the $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ modes made them less advantageous as a probe of new physics (NP) compared to the charged lepton counterparts. The most recent Belle II result on $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$ uses an innovative inclusive tagging technique resulting in a higher tagging efficiency; this together with previous BaBar and Belle results indicates a possible enhancement in the branching fraction of $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$. A reanalysis of the full Belle dataset together with upcoming Belle II dataset is expected to result in a much more precise measurement of this mode. If the branching ratio is indeed found to be enhanced with improved measurements, this would provide an unambiguous signal of NP without uncertainties due to long-distance non-factorizable effects or power corrections (in contrast to $B\to K^{(\ast )}\ell \ell$). We have explored the possibilities of such an enhancement as a signal of NP within several scenarios, which can also explain some of the other tensions observed in neutral as well as charged current $B$-decays. In an effective field theory approach, with the most general dimension-six Hamiltonian including light right-handed neutrinos, we explore the viability of all scalar and vector leptoquarks as well as the parameter space possible with a generic vector gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ model assuming minimal new particle content. While being consistent with all data, correlations between the observed intriguing discrepancies in $B$-decays are also obtained, which will discriminate between the various NP scenarios.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·53 citations
7. 07*

   Constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings via $Z\gamma jj$ production at the LHC

   Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳 · Yu-Chen Guo🇨🇳 · Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Qing Fu🇨🇳

   In this paper, we investigate the contributions of anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs) to $Z\gamma jj$ production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the context of Standard Model effective theory (SMEFT). When energy scale is large, the validity of SMEFT becomes an important issue. To ensure the validity, the unitarity bound is applied in a model independent approach, which is found to have significant suppressive effects on the signals of $O_{M_i}$ operators. The kinematic and polarization features of the aQGC signals are also studied. The polarization effect is useful to highlight the signals of $O_{T_i}$ operators. The sensitivity estimates on dimension-8 operators with unitarity bounds at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV are obtained.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·32 citations
8. 08*

   Towards quarkonium formation time determination

   E. G. Ferreiro (1)🇪🇸 · F. Fleuret (2)🇫🇷 · E. Maurice (2) ((1) Departamento de Física de Partículas and IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, (2) Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France)🇫🇷

   We propose a parametrization of the nuclear absorption mechanism relying on the proper time spent by $c\overline{c}$ bound states travelling in nuclear matter. Our approach could lead to the extraction of charmonium formation time. It is based on a large amount of proton-nucleus data, from nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=27$ GeV to $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV, collected in the past 30~years, and for which the main effect on charmonium production must be its absorption by the nuclear matter it crosses.

   hep-phEPJC(2022)·6 citations
9. 09*

   Neutrino constraints on long-lived heavy dark sector particle decays in the Earth

   Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Atri Bhattacharya🇧🇪 · Austin Cummings🇺🇸 · Johannes Eser🇺🇸 · Claire Guépin🇺🇸 · John F. Krizmanic🇺🇸 · Angela V. Olinto🇺🇸 · Thomas Paul🇺🇸 · Ina Sarcevic🇺🇸 · Tonia M. Venters🇺🇸

   Recent theoretical work has explored dark matter accumulation in the Earth and its drift towards the center of the Earth that, for the current age of the Earth, does not necessarily result in a concentration of dark matter ($\chi$) in the Earth's core. We consider a scenario of long-lived (${\tau }_{\chi }\sim 10^{28}$ s), super heavy ($m_{\chi }=10^7-10^{10}$ GeV) dark matter that decays via $\chi \to {\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ or $\chi \to {\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$. We show that an IceCube-like detector over 10 years can constrain a dark matter density that mirrors the Earth's density or has a uniform density with density fraction ${ϵ}_{\rho }$ combined with the partial decay width $B_{\chi \to {\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }}{\Gamma }_{\chi }$ in the range of $({ϵ}_{\rho }/10^{-10})B_{\chi \to {\nu }_{\tau }}{\Gamma }_{\chi }\lesssim 1.5\times 10^{-29}-1.5\times 10^{-28}$ s${}^{-1}$. For $\chi \to {\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$, $m_{\chi }=10^8-10^{10}$ GeV and $E_{\mu }>10^7$ GeV, the range of constraints is $({ϵ}_{\rho }/10^{-10})B_{\chi \to {\nu }_{\mu }}{\Gamma }_{\chi }\lesssim 3\times 10^{-29}-7\times 10^{-28}$ s${}^{-1}$.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·6 citations
10. 10*

    Neutrinos from charm: forward production at the LHC and in the atmosphere

    Yu Seon Jeong🇰🇷 · Weidong Bai🇨🇳 · Milind Diwan🇺🇸 · Maria Vittoria Garzelli🇩🇪 · Fnu Karan Kumar🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸

    Theoretical predictions of the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux have large uncertainties associated with charm hadron production, by far the dominant source of prompt neutrinos in the atmosphere. The flux of cosmic rays, with its steeply falling energy spectrum, weights the forward production of charm in the evaluation of the atmospheric neutrino flux at high energies. The current LHCb experiment at CERN constrains charm production in kinematic regions relevant to the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux. The proposed Forward Physics Facility has additional capabilities to detect neutrino fluxes from forward charm production at the LHC. We discuss the implications of the current and planned experiments on the development of theoretical predictions of the high energy atmospheric neutrino flux.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPoS(2021)·18 citations
11. 11*

    Resummation of Super-Leading Logarithms

    Thomas Becher🇨🇭 · Matthias Neubert🇩🇪 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳

    Jet cross sections at high-energy colliders exhibit intricate patterns of logarithmically enhanced higher-order corrections. In particular, so-called non-global logarithms emerge from soft radiation emitted off energetic partons inside jets. While this is a single-logarithmic effect at lepton colliders, at hadron colliders phase factors in the amplitudes lead to double-logarithmic corrections starting at four-loop order. This effect was discovered a long time ago, but not much is known about the higher-order behavior of these terms and their process dependence. We derive, for the first time, the all-order structure of these "super-leading logarithms" for generic $2\to l$ scattering processes at hadron colliders and resum them in closed form.

    hep-phhep-thPRL(2021)·45 citations
12. 12*

    Cosmological boost factor for dark matter annihilation at redshifts of $z=10$-$100$ using the power spectrum approach

    Ryuichi Takahashi🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

    We compute the cosmological boost factor at high redshifts of $z=10$-$100$ by integrating the non-linear matter power spectrum measured from high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulations. An accurate boost factor is required to estimate the energy injection from dark matter annihilation, which may affect the cosmological re-ionization process. We combined various box-size simulations (side lengths of $1\mathrm{kpc}$-$10\mathrm{Mpc}$) to cover a wide range of scales, i.e. $k=1$-$10^7{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$. The boost factor is consistent with the linear theory prediction at $z\gtrsim 50$ but strongly enhanced at $z\lesssim 40$ as a result of non-linear matter clustering. Although dark matter free-streaming damping was imposed at $k_{\mathrm{fs}}=10^6{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ in the initial power spectrum, the damping disappears at later times of $z\lesssim 40$ as a result of the power transfer from large to small scales. Because the simulations do not explore very small-scale clustering at $k>10^7{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$, our result is a lower bound on the boost factor at $z\lesssim 40$. A simple fitting function of the boost factor is also presented.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2021)·6 citations
13. 13*

    On tachyonic stability priors for dark energy

    Rafaela Gsponer🇬🇧 · Johannes Noller🇬🇧

    A number of stability criteria exist for dark energy theories, associated with requiring the absence of ghost, gradient and tachyonic instabilities. Tachyonic instabilities are the least well explored of these in the dark energy context and we here discuss and derive criteria for their presence and size in detail. Our findings suggest that, while the absence of ghost and gradient instabilities is indeed essential for physically viable models and so priors associated with the absence of such instabilities significantly increase the efficiency of parameter estimations without introducing unphysical biases, this is not the case for tachyonic instabilities. Even strong such instabilities can be present without spoiling the cosmological validity of the underlying models. Therefore, we caution against using exclusion priors based on requiring the absence of (strong) tachyonic instabilities in deriving cosmological parameter constraints. We illustrate this by explicitly computing such constraints within the context of Horndeski theories, while quantifying the size and effect of related tachyonic instabilities.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·13 citations
14. 14*

    The single copy of the gravitational holonomy

    Rashid Alawadhi🇬🇧 · David S. Berman🇬🇧 · Chris D. White🇬🇧 · Sam Wikeley🇬🇧

    The double copy is a well-established relationship between gravity and gauge theories. It relates perturbative scattering amplitudes as well as classical solutions, and recently there has been mounting evidence that it also applies to non-perturbative information. In this paper, we consider the holonomy properties of manifolds in gravity and prescribe a single copy of gravitational holonomy that differs from the holonomy in gauge theory. We discuss specific cases and give examples where the single copy holonomy group is reduced. Our results may prove useful in extending the classical double copy. We also clarify previous misconceptions in the literature regarding gravitational Wilson lines and holonomy.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2021)·34 citations
15. 15*

    Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime II: collisions, thermal corrections, and superradiant instabilities

    Enrico Cannizzaro🇮🇹 · Andrea Caputo🇮🇱 · Laura Sberna🇩🇪 · Paolo Pani🇮🇹

    Motivated by electromagnetic-field confinement due to plasma near accreting black holes, we continue our exploration of the linear dynamics of an electromagnetic field propagating in curved spacetime in the presence of plasma by including three effects that were neglected in our previous analysis: collisions in the plasma, thermal corrections, and the angular momentum of the background black-hole spacetime. We show that: (i) the plasma-driven long-lived modes survive in a collisional plasma except when the collision timescale is unrealistically small; (ii) thermal effects, which might be relevant for accretion disks around black holes, do not affect the axial long-lived modes; (iii) in the case of a spinning black hole the plasma-driven modes become superradiantly unstable at the linear level; (iv) the polar sector in the small-frequency regime admits a reflection point due to the resonant properties of the plasma. Dissipative effects such as absorption, formation of plasma waves, and nonlinear dynamics play a crucial role in the vicinity of this resonant point.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2021)·34 citations
16. 16*

    Truncated Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation

    Benjamin Kurt Miller🇳🇱 · Alex Cole🇳🇱 · Patrick Forré🇳🇱 · Gilles Louppe🇧🇪 · Christoph Weniger🇳🇱

    Parametric stochastic simulators are ubiquitous in science, often featuring high-dimensional input parameters and/or an intractable likelihood. Performing Bayesian parameter inference in this context can be challenging. We present a neural simulation-based inference algorithm which simultaneously offers simulation efficiency and fast empirical posterior testability, which is unique among modern algorithms. Our approach is simulation efficient by simultaneously estimating low-dimensional marginal posteriors instead of the joint posterior and by proposing simulations targeted to an observation of interest via a prior suitably truncated by an indicator function. Furthermore, by estimating a locally amortized posterior our algorithm enables efficient empirical tests of the robustness of the inference results. Since scientists cannot access the ground truth, these tests are necessary for trusting inference in real-world applications. We perform experiments on a marginalized version of the simulation-based inference benchmark and two complex and narrow posteriors, highlighting the simulator efficiency of our algorithm as well as the quality of the estimated marginal posteriors.

    ↳ stat.MLastro-ph.IMcs.LGhep-ph40 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.