Fri·Jul 2, 2021Friday·July 2, 2021

1. 01*

   Proton number cumulants and correlation functions in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV from hydrodynamics

   Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸 · Volker Koch🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸

   We present a dynamical description of (anti)proton number fluctuations cumulants and correlation functions in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV by utilizing viscous hydrodynamics simulations. The cumulants of proton and baryon number are calculated in a given momentum acceptance analytically, via an appropriately extended Cooper-Frye procedure describing particlization of an interacting hadron resonance gas. The effects of global baryon number conservation are taken into account using a generalized subensemble acceptance method. The experimental data of the STAR collaboration are consistent at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}\gtrsim 20$ GeV with simultaneous effects of global baryon number conservation and repulsive interactions in baryon sector, the latter being in line with the behavior of baryon number susceptibilities observed in lattice QCD. The data at lower collision energies show possible indications for sizable attractive interactions among baryons. The data also indicate sizable negative two-particle correlations between antiprotons that are not satisfactorily described by baryon conservation and excluded volume effects. We also discuss differences between cumulants and correlation functions (factorial cumulants) of (anti)proton number distribution, proton versus baryon number fluctuations, and effects of hadronic afterburner.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2022)·100 citations
2. 02*

   Treating divergence in quark matter by using energy projectors

   Guojun Huang🇨🇳 · Pengfei Zhuang🇨🇳

   We calculate gluon self-energy using quark energy projectors in a general quark-gluon plasma. By separating the quark field into a positive- and a negative-energy mode, the quark loop constructed with the same mode is always convergent, and the divergence appears only in the mixed loop with different modes and is medium independent. After removing the divergence in vacuum, we obtain the one-loop gluon self-energy at finite temperature, chemical potential and quarks mass without approximation. With the method of quark loop resummation, we calculate non-perturbatively the gluon Debye mass and thermodynamic potential. In the limit of small gluon momentum in comparison with temperature, chemical potential and quark mass, our calculation comes back to the known HTL/HDL results in literature.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2021)·6 citations
3. 03*

   General heavy-flavor mass scheme for charged-current DIS at NNLO and beyond

   Jun Gao🇨🇳 · T. J. Hobbs🇺🇸 · P. M. Nadolsky🇺🇸 · ChuanLe Sun🇨🇳 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

   Incompleteness in current knowledge of neutrino interactions with nuclear matter imposes a primary limitation in searches for leptonic CP violation carried out at long-baseline neutrino experiments. In this paper, we present a new computation that elevates the theoretical accuracy to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD for charged-current deeply-inelastic scattering (DIS) processes relevant for ongoing and future neutrino programs. Mass-dependent quark contributions are consistently included across a wide range of momentum transfers in the SACOT-$\chi$ general-mass scheme. When appropriate, we further include N${}^3$LO corrections in the zero-mass scheme. We show theoretical predictions for several experiments with neutrinos over a wide range of energies and at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. Our prediction reduces perturbative uncertainties to $\sim 1\%$, sufficient for the high-precision objectives of future charged-current DIS measurements, and provides important theoretical inputs to experimental studies of leptonic mixing and CP violations.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·21 citations
4. 04*

   The unfinished fabric of the three neutrino paradigm

   Francesco Capozzi🇺🇸 · Eleonora Di Valentino🇬🇧 · Eligio Lisi🇮🇹 · Antonio Marrone🇮🇹 · Alessandro Melchiorri🇮🇹 · Antonio Palazzo🇮🇹

   In the current 3nu paradigm, flavor oscillations probe 3 mixing angles (theta_12, theta_23, theta_13), one CP phase delta, and two squared mass differences delta m^2>0 and Delta m^2, where sign(Delta m^2)=+ (-) for normal (inverted) ordering. Absolute nu masses can be probed by the effective m_beta in beta decay, by the total mass Sigma in cosmology and, if neutrinos are Majorana, by another effective m_{beta beta} in 0nu2beta decay. Within an updated global analysis of (non)oscillation data, we constrain these 3nu parameters, both separately and in selected pairs, and highlight the concordance or discordance among different constraints. Five oscillation parameters (delta m^2, Delta m^2, theta_12, theta_23, theta_13) are consistently measured, with an overall accuracy ranging from ~1% for Delta m^2 to ~6% for sin^2(theta_23) (due to its octant ambiguity). We find overall hints for normal ordering (at 2.5 sigma), as well as for theta_23<pi/4 and for sin(delta)<0 (both at 90% C.L.), and discuss some tensions among datasets. Concerning nonoscillation data, we include the recent KATRIN constraints on m_beta, and we combine the latest 76-Ge, 130-Te and 136-Xe bounds on m_{beta beta}, accounting for NME covariances. We also discuss some variants related to CMB anisotropy and lensing data, which may affect cosmological constraints on Sigma and hints on sign(Delta m^2). The default option, including all Planck results, irrespective of the lensing anomaly, sets upper bounds on Sigma at the level of ~10^-1 eV, and further favors normal ordering up to ~3 sigma. An alternative option, that includes recent ACT results + other independent results (from WMAP and selected Planck data) globally consistent with standard lensing, is insensitive to the ordering but prefers Sigma ~(few) x 10^-1 eV, with different implications for m_beta and m_{beta beta} searches. (Abridged)

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exnucl-ex+1PRD(2021)·295 citations
5. 05*

   Searching for lepton flavor violating interactions at future electron-positron colliders

   S. M. Etesami🇮🇷 · R. Jafari🇮🇷 · M. Mohammadi Najafabadi🇮🇷 · S. Tizchang🇮🇷

   Lepton flavor violating interactions are absent in the standard model but are expected in various beyond standard models. In this work, the potential of the future circular electron-positron collider to probe the four fermion lepton flavor couplings via the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{\pm }{\tau }^{\mp }$ process is revisited by means of an effective field theory approach. We provide constraints at $95\%$ CL on the dimension-six Wilson coefficients including major sources of background processes and considering realistic detector effects at four expected operation energies $\sqrt{s}=157.5$, $162.5$, $240$ and $365$ GeV according to their corresponding integrated luminosities. We demonstrate that statistical combination of the results from four center-of-mass energies improves the sensitivity to the LFV couplings significantly. We compare the results with the prospects from Belle II with $50a{b}^{-1}$ and other studies at electron-positron colliders.

   hep-phPRD(2021)·10 citations
6. 06*

   Three loop calculations and inclusive $V_{cb}$

   Marzia Bordone🇮🇹 · Bernat Capdevila🇮🇹 · Paolo Gambino🇮🇹

   We discuss the impact of the recent $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ calculations of the semileptonic width of the $b$ quark and of the relation between pole and kinetic heavy quark masses by Fael et al. on the inclusive determination of $|V_{cb}|$. The most notable effect is a reduction of the uncertainty. Our final result is $|V_{cb}|=42.16(51)10^{-3}$.

   hep-phPLB(2021)·172 citations
7. 07*

   Soft pion scattering in infrared-conformal gauge-fermion theories

   Daniel C. Hackett🇺🇸 · Ethan T. Neil🇺🇸

   We consider the problem of soft scattering for the analogue of pion states in gauge-fermion theories which approach a conformal fixed point in the infrared limit. Introducing a fermion mass into such a theory will explicitly break both scale invariance and chiral symmetry, leading to confinement and a spectrum of bound states. We argue that in such a theory, the pion scattering length diverges in the limit of zero fermion mass, in sharp contrast to QCD-like theories where the chiral Lagrangian predicts a vanishing scattering length. We demonstrate this effect both with a simple dimensional argument, and in a generalized linear sigma model which we argue can be used to describe the interactions of light scalar and pseudoscalar bound states in the soft limit of a mass-deformed infrared-conformal theory. As a result, lattice calculations of pion scattering lengths could be a sensitive probe for infrared scale invariance in gauge-fermion theories.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thPRD(2022)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Discovering Dark Matter at the LHC through Its Nuclear Scattering in Far-Forward Emulsion and Liquid Argon Detectors

   Brian Batell🇺🇸 · Jonathan L. Feng🇺🇸 · Ahmed Ismail🇺🇸 · Felix Kling🇺🇸 · Roshan Mammen Abraham🇺🇸 · Sebastian Trojanowski🇵🇱

   The LHC may produce light, weakly-interacting particles that decay to dark matter, creating an intense and highly collimated beam of dark matter particles in the far-forward direction. We investigate the prospects for detecting this dark matter in two far-forward detectors proposed for a future Forward Physics Facility: FASER$\nu$2, a 10-tonne emulsion detector, and FLArE, a 10- to 100-tonne LArTPC. We focus here on nuclear scattering, including elastic scattering, resonant pion production, and deep inelastic scattering, and devise cuts that efficiently remove the neutrino-induced background. In the invisibly-decaying dark photon scenario, DM-nuclear scattering probes new parameter space for dark matter masses 5 MeV $\lesssim m_{\chi }\lesssim$ 500 MeV. When combined with the DM-electron scattering studied previously, FASER$\nu$2 and FLArE will be able to discover dark matter in a large swath of the cosmologically-favored parameter space with MeV $\lesssim m_{\chi }\lesssim$ GeV.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2021)·40 citations
9. 09*

   Bayesian Probabilistic Modelling for Four-Tops at the LHC

   Ezequiel Alvarez🇦🇷 · Barry M. Dillon🇩🇪 · Darius A. Faroughy🇨🇭 · Jernej F. Kamenik🇸🇮 · Federico Lamagna🇦🇷 · Manuel Szewc🇦🇷

   Monte Carlo (MC) generators are crucial for analyzing data in particle collider experiments. However, often even a small mismatch between the MC simulations and the measurements can undermine the interpretation of the results. This is particularly important in the context of LHC searches for rare physics processes within and beyond the standard model (SM). One of the ultimate rare processes in the SM currently being explored at the LHC, $pp\to t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ with its large multi-dimensional phase-space is an ideal testing ground to explore new ways to reduce the impact of potential MC mismodelling on experimental results. We propose a novel statistical method capable of disentangling the 4-top signal from the dominant backgrounds in the same-sign dilepton channel, while simultaneously correcting for possible MC imperfections in modelling of the most relevant discriminating observables -- the jet multiplicity distributions. A Bayesian mixture of multinomials is used to model the light-jet and $b$-jet multiplicities under the assumption of their conditional independence. The signal and background distributions generated from a deliberately mistuned MC simulator are used as model priors. The posterior distributions, as well as the signal and background fractions, are then learned from the data using Bayesian inference. We demonstrate that our method can mitigate the effects of large MC mismodellings in the context of a realistic $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ search, leading to corrected posterior distributions that better approximate the underlying truth-level spectra.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·11 citations
10. 10*

    The Swampland Conjectures: A bridge from Quantum Gravity to Particle Physics

    Mariana Graña🇫🇷 · Alvaro Herráez🇫🇷

    The swampland is the set of seemingly consistent low-energy effective field theories that cannot be consistently coupled to quantum gravity. In this review we cover some of the conjectural properties that effective theories should possess in order not to fall in the swampland, and we give an overview of their main applications to particle physics. The latter include predictions on neutrino masses, bounds on the cosmological constant, the electroweak and QCD scales, the photon mass, the Higgs potential and some insights about supersymmetry.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phUniverse(2021)·230 citations
11. 11*

    Worldline master formulas for the dressed electron propagator, part 2: On-shell amplitudes

    Naser Ahmadiniaz🇩🇪 · Victor Miguel Banda Guzman🇲🇽 · Fiorenzo Bastianelli🇮🇹 · Olindo Corradini🇮🇹 · James P. Edwards🇲🇽 · Christian Schubert🇲🇽

    In the first part of this series, we employed the second-order formalism and the ``symbol'' map to construct a particle path-integral representation of the electron propagator in a background electromagnetic field, suitable for open fermion-line calculations. Its main advantages are the avoidance of long products of Dirac matrices, and its ability to unify whole sets of Feynman diagrams related by permutation of photon legs along the fermion lines. We obtained a Bern-Kosower type master formula for the fermion propagator, dressed with $N$ photons, in terms of the ``$N$-photon kernel,'' where this kernel appears also in ``subleading'' terms involving only $N$-$1$ of the $N$ photons. In this sequel, we focus on the application of the formalism to the calculation of on-shell amplitudes and cross sections. Universal formulas are obtained for the fully polarised matrix elements of the fermion propagator dressed with an arbitrary number of photons, as well as for the corresponding spin-averaged cross sections. A major simplification of the on-shell case is that the subleading terms drop out, but we also pinpoint other, less obvious simplifications. We use integration by parts to achieve manifest transversality of these amplitudes at the integrand level and exploit this property using the spinor helicity technique. We give a simple proof of the vanishing of the matrix element for ``all $+$'' photon helicities in the massless case, and find a novel relation between the scalar and spinor spin-averaged cross sections in the massive case. Testing the formalism on the standard linear Compton scattering process, we find that it reproduces the known results with remarkable efficiency. Further applications and generalisations are pointed out.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2022)·38 citations
12. 12*

    Cosmic No-hair Conjecture and Inflation with an SU(3) Gauge Field

    Pengyuan Gao🇯🇵 · Kazufumi Takahashi🇯🇵 · Asuka Ito🇹🇼 · Jiro Soda🇯🇵

    We study inflationary universes with an SU(3) gauge field coupled to an inflaton through a gauge kinetic function. Although the SU(3) gauge field grows at the initial stage of inflation due to the interaction with the inflaton, nonlinear self-couplings in the kinetic term of the gauge field become significant and cause nontrivial dynamics after sufficient growth. We investigate the evolution of the SU(3) gauge field numerically and reveal attractor solutions in the Bianchi type I spacetime. In general cases where all the components of the SU(3) gauge field have the same magnitude initially, they all tend to decay eventually because of the nonlinear self-couplings. Therefore, the cosmic no-hair conjecture generically holds in a mathematical sense. Practically, however, the anisotropy can be generated transiently in the early universe, even for an isotropic initial condition. Moreover, we find particular cases for which several components of the SU(3) gauge field survive against the nonlinear self-couplings. It occurs due to flat directions in the potential of a gauge field for Lie groups whose rank is higher than one. Thus, an SU(2) gauge field has a specialty among general non-Abelian gauge fields.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2021)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Relationships among detector signals recorded during events SN1987A and GW170817

    N. Agafonova🇷🇺 · A. Malgin🇷🇺 · E. Fischbach🇺🇸

    The temporal coincidences of events detected in four neutrino detectors and two gravitational antennas still remains among the most puzzling phenomena associated with SN1987A. The coincidences form a six-hour signal approximately coincident in time with the well-known LSD signal at 2h52m UT on 23/02/1987. After 30 years of research, the characteristics and the shape of the six-hour signal have been studied quite well, but the mechanisms of its formation have not been fully understood as of yet. Here we suggest that data obtained from another technology, radioactive decays, might provide new insights into the origin of signals previously seen in neutrino detectors and gravity wave detectors. On August 17, 2017, at 12h41m UT, the GW170817 signal was detected by LIGO and Virgo. At the same time, an approximately 7-hour long signal coincident with GW170817 was detected in the Si/Cl experiment on precision measurement of the ${}^{32}$Si half-life. We show that the Si/Cl signal is unexpectedly similar to the six-hour signal from SN1987A. In addition, we establish that the sources of the coinciding events are similar to those of the Si/Cl signal. To explain the surprising similarities in both signals, we present a mechanism which could in principle account for this phenomenon in terms of a local increase in the density of axionic dark matter induced by a gravity wave.

    ↳ nucl-exastro-ph.IMhep-phphysics.ins-det3 citations
14. 14*

    Five-dimensional CFTs from the $ϵ$-expansion

    Fabiana De Cesare🇮🇹 · Lorenzo Di Pietro🇮🇹 · Marco Serone🇮🇹

    We look for UV fixed points of non-abelian $SU(n_c)$ gauge theories in $4+2ϵ$ dimensions with $n_f$ Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation, using the available five-loop $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ $\beta$-function and employing Padé-Borel resummation techniques and Padé approximants to the series expansion in $ϵ$. We find evidence for a $5d$ UV-fixed point for $SU(2)$ theories with $n_f\le 4$. We also compute the anomalous dimensions $\gamma$ and ${\gamma }_g$ of respectively the fermion mass bilinear and the gauge kinetic term operator at the UV fixed point.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2021)·25 citations
15. 15*

    Nuclear Structure at the Crossroads

    R.J. Furnstahl🇺🇸 · H.-W. Hammer🇩🇪 · A. Schwenk🇩🇪

    Steven Weinberg's seminal papers from 1990-92 initiated the use of effective field theories (EFTs) for nuclei. We summarize progress, priorities, and open questions for nuclear EFT developments based on the 2019 INT program "Nuclear Structure at the Crossroads."

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exFew Body Syst.(2021)·16 citations
16. 16*

    Hunting dark energy with pressure-dependent photon-photon scattering

    Taishi Katsuragawa🇨🇳 · Shinya Matsuzaki🇨🇳 · Kensuke Homma🇯🇵

    Toward understanding of dark energy, we propose a novel method to directly produce a chameleon particle and force its decay under controlled gas pressure in a laboratory-based experiment. {\it Chameleon gravity}, characterized by its varying mass depending on its environment, could be a source of dark energy, which is predicted in modified gravity. A remarkable finding is a correspondence between the varying mass and a characteristic pressure dependence of a stimulated photon-photon scattering rate in a dilute gas surrounding a focused photon-beam spot. By observing a steep pressure dependence in the scattering rate, we can directly extract the characteristic feature of the chameleon mechanism. As a benchmark model of modified gravity consistent with the present cosmological observations, a reduced $F(R)$ gravity is introduced in the laboratory scale. We then demonstrate that the proposed method indeed enables a wide-ranging parameter scan of such a chameleon model with the varying mass around $(0.1-1)[\mu \mathrm{eV}]$ by controlling pressure values.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·16 citations
17. 17*

    Symplectic modular symmetry in heterotic string vacua: flavor, CP, and $R$-symmetries

    Keiya Ishiguro🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵

    We examine a common origin of four-dimensional flavor, CP, and $U(1{)}_R$ symmetries in the context of heterotic string theory with standard embedding. We find that flavor and $U(1{)}_R$ symmetries are unified into the $Sp(2h+2,\mathbb{C})$ modular symmetries of Calabi-Yau threefolds with $h$ being the number of moduli fields. Together with the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{CP}}$ CP symmetry, they are enhanced to $GSp(2h+2,\mathbb{C})\simeq Sp(2h+2,\mathbb{C})⋊{\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{CP}}$ generalized symplectic modular symmetry. We exemplify the $S_3,S_4,T^{\prime },S_9$ non-Abelian flavor symmetries on explicit toroidal orbifolds with and without resolutions and ${\mathbb{Z}}_2,S_4$ flavor symmetries on three-parameter examples of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Thus, non-trivial flavor symmetries appear in not only the exact orbifold limit but also a certain class of Calabi-Yau threefolds. These flavor symmetries are further enlarged to non-Abelian discrete groups by the CP symmetry.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2022)·53 citations
18. 18*

    Eccentricities, fluctuations and A-dependence of elliptic and triangular flows in heavy-ion collisions

    G.Kh. Eyyubova🇷🇺 · V.L. Korotkikh🇷🇺 · A.M. Snigirev🇷🇺 · E.E. Zabrodin🇳🇴

    A simple geometrical model with event-by-event fluctuations is suggested to study elliptical and triangular eccentricities in the initial state of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This model describes rather well the ALICE and ATLAS data for Pb+Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$~TeV per nucleon pair, assuming that the second, $v_2$, and third, $v_3$, harmonics of the anisotropic flow are simply linearly proportional to the eccentricities ${\epsilon }_2$ and ${\epsilon }_3$, respectively. We show that the eccentricity ${\epsilon }_3$ has a pure fluctuation origin and is substantially dependent on the size of the overlap area only, while the eccentricity ${\epsilon }_2$ is mainly related to the average collision geometry. Elliptic flow, therefore, is weakly dependent on the event-by-event fluctuations everywhere except of the very central collisions 0--2%, whereas triangular flow is mostly determined by the fluctuations. The scaling dependence of the magnitude of the flow harmonics on atomic number, $v_n\propto A^{-1/3}$, is predicted for this centrality interval.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exJ.Phys.G(2021)·9 citations
19. 19*

    Constraining the hadronic spectrum and repulsive interactions in a hadron resonance gas via fluctuations of conserved charges

    Jamie M. Karthein🇺🇸 · Volker Koch🇺🇸 · Claudia Ratti🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸

    We simultaneously incorporate two common extensions of the hadron resonance gas model, namely the addition of extra, unconfirmed resonances to the particle list and the excluded volume repulsive interactions. We emphasize the complementary nature of these two extensions and identify combinations of conserved charge susceptibilities that allow to constrain them separately. In particular, ratios of second-order susceptibilities like ${\chi }_{11}^{BQ}/{\chi }_2^B$ and ${\chi }_{11}^{BS}/{\chi }_2^B$ are sensitive only to the baryon spectrum, while fourth-to-second order ratios like ${\chi }_4^B/{\chi }_2^B$, ${\chi }_{31}^{BS}/{\chi }_{11}^{BS}$, or ${\chi }_{31}^{BQ}/{\chi }_{11}^{BQ}$ are mainly determined by repulsive interactions. Analysis of the available lattice results suggests the presence of both the extra states in the baryon-strangeness sector and the repulsive baryonic interaction, with indications that hyperons have a smaller repulsive core than non-strange baryons. The modified hadron resonance gas model presented here significantly improves the description of lattice QCD susceptibilities at chemical freeze-out and can be used for the analysis of event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2021)·28 citations
20. 20*

    The Z lineshape challenge: ppm and keV measurements

    Juan Alcaraz Maestre🇪🇸 · Alain Blondel🇫🇷 · Mogens Dam🇩🇰 · Patrick Janot🇨🇭

    The FCC-ee offers powerful opportunities for direct or indirect evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model, via a combination of high precision measurements and searches for forbidden and rare processes and feebly coupled particles. A key element of FCC-ee physics program is the measurement of the Z lineshape from a total of $5\times 10^{12}$ Z bosons and a beam-energy calibration with relative uncertainty of $10^{-6}$. With this exceptionally large event sample, five orders of magnitude larger than that accumulated during the whole LEP1 operation at the Z pole, the defining parameters - $m_{\mathrm{Z}}$, ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{Z}}$, $N_{\nu }$, ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}$, ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}(m_{\mathrm{Z}}^2)$, and ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{QED}}(m_{\mathrm{Z}}^2)$ - can be extracted with a leap in accuracy of up to two orders of magnitude with respect to the current state of the art. The ultimate goal that experimental and theory systematic errors match the statistical accuracy (4\,keV on the Z mass and width, $3\times 10^{-6}$ on ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{\mathrm{W}}^{\mathrm{eff}}$, a relative $3\times 10^{-5}$ on ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{QED}}$, and less than 0.0001 on ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}$) leads to highly demanding requirements on collider operation, beam instrumentation, detector design, computing facilities, theoretical calculations, and Monte Carlo event generators. Such precise measurements also call for innovative analysis methods, which require a joint effort and understanding between theorists, experimenters, and accelerator teams.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2021)·11 citations
21. 21*

    Shared Data and Algorithms for Deep Learning in Fundamental Physics

    Lisa Benato🇩🇪 · Erik Buhmann🇩🇪 · Martin Erdmann🇩🇪 · Peter Fackeldey · Jonas Glombitza🇩🇪 · Nikolai Hartmann🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · William Korcari🇩🇪 · Thomas Kuhr🇩🇪 · Jan Steinheimer🇩🇪 · Horst Stöcker🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪 · Kai Zhou🇩🇪

    We introduce a Python package that provides simply and unified access to a collection of datasets from fundamental physics research - including particle physics, astroparticle physics, and hadron- and nuclear physics - for supervised machine learning studies. The datasets contain hadronic top quarks, cosmic-ray induced air showers, phase transitions in hadronic matter, and generator-level histories. While public datasets from multiple fundamental physics disciplines already exist, the common interface and provided reference models simplify future work on cross-disciplinary machine learning and transfer learning in fundamental physics. We discuss the design and structure and line out how additional datasets can be submitted for inclusion. As showcase application, we present a simple yet flexible graph-based neural network architecture that can easily be applied to a wide range of supervised learning tasks. We show that our approach reaches performance close to dedicated methods on all datasets. To simplify adaptation for various problems, we provide easy-to-follow instructions on how graph-based representations of data structures, relevant for fundamental physics, can be constructed and provide code implementations for several of them. Implementations are also provided for our proposed method and all reference algorithms.

    ↳ cs.LGastro-ph.IMhep-phnucl-th+2Comput.Softw.Big Sci.(2022)·19 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.