Mon·Sep 2, 2019Monday·September 2, 2019

1. 01*

   Exponentiating virtual imaginary contributions in a parton shower

   Zoltan Nagy🇩🇪 · Davison E. Soper🇺🇸

   The operator in a parton shower algorithm that represents the imaginary part of virtual Feynman graphs has a non-trivial color structure and is large because it is proportional to a factor of $4\pi$. In order to improve the treatment of color in a parton shower, it may help to exponentiate this phase operator. We show that it is possible to do so by exponentiating matrices that are no larger than $14\times 14$. Using the example of the probability to have a gap in the rapidity interval between two high transverse momentum jets, we test this exponentiation algorithm by comparing to the result of treating the phase operator perturbatively. We find that the exponentiation works, but that the net effect of the exponentiated phase operator is quite small for this problem, so that one can as well use the perturbative approach.

   hep-phPRD(2019)·24 citations
2. 02*

   Review of predictions of hard probes in $p+$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ and 8.16 TeV and comparison with data

   R. Vogt🇺🇸

   Predictions have been compiled for the $p+$Pb LHC runs, focusing on production of hard probes in cold nuclear matter. These predictions were first made for the $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV $p+$Pb run and were later compared to the available data. A similar set of predictions were published for the 8.16~TeV $p+$Pb run. A selection of the predictions are reviewed here.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-th1 citation
3. 03*

   Theoretical interpretation of the $D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0\eta$ decay and the nature of $a_0(980)$

   Raquel Molina🇧🇷 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

   In a recent paper \cite{Ablikim:2019pit}, the BESIII collaboration reported the so-called first observation of pure $W$-annihilation decays $D_s^{+}\to a_0^{+}(980){\pi }^0$ and $D_s^{+}\to a_0^0(980){\pi }^{+}$. The measured absolute branching fractions are, however, puzzlingly larger than those of other measured pure $W$-annihilation decays by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, the relative phase between the two decay modes is found to be about 180 degrees. In this letter, we show that all these can be easily understood if the $a_0(980)$ is a dynamically generated state from $\bar{K}K$ and $\pi \eta$ interactions in coupled channels. In such a scenario, the $D_s^{+}$ decay proceeds via internal $W$ emission instead of $W$-annihilation, which has a larger decay rate than $W$-annihilation. The proposed decay mechanism and the molecular nature of the $a_0(980)$ also provide a natural explanation to the measured negative interference between the two decay modes.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2020)·48 citations
4. 04*

   A case study about the mass exclusion limits for the BSM vector resonances with the direct couplings to the third quark generation

   Mikuláš Gintner🇨🇿 · Josef Juráň🇨🇿

   The upper bounds that the LHC measurements searching for heavy resonances beyond the Standard model set on the resonance production cross sections are not universal. They depend on various characteristics of the resonance under consideration, like its mass, spin, and its interaction pattern. Their validity are also limited by the assumptions and approximations applied to their calculations. The bounds are typically used to derive the mass exclusion limits for the new resonances. In our work, we address some of the issues that emerge when deriving the mass exclusion limits for the strongly coupled composite $SU(2{)}_{L+R}$ vector resonance triplet which would interact directly to the third quark generation only. We investigate the restrictions on the applicability of the generally used limit-obtaining procedure to this particular type of vector resonances. We demonstrate that, in this case, it is necessary to consider the bottom quark partonic contents of the proton. Eventually, we find the mass exclusion limits for this resonance triplet for some representative subsets of the parameter space.

   hep-phEPJC(2020)·4 citations
5. 05*

   Momentum distribution of the electron pair from the charged lepton flavor violating process ${\mu }^{-}{e}^{-}\to e^{-}{e}^{-}$ in muonic atoms with a polarized muon

   Yoshitaka Kuno🇯🇵 · Joe Sato🇯🇵 · Toru Sato🇯🇵 · Yuichi Uesaka🇯🇵 · Masato Yamanaka🇯🇵

   The ${\mu }^{-}{e}^{-}\to e^{-}{e}^{-}$ process in a muonic atom is one of the promising probes to study the charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV). We have investigated the angular distribution of electrons from the polarized muon of the atomic bound state. The parity violating asymmetric distribution of electrons is analyzed by using lepton wave functions under the Coulomb interaction of a finite nuclear charge distribution. It is found that the asymmetry parameters of electrons are very sensitive to the chiral structure of the CLFV interaction and the contact/photonic interaction. Therefore, together with the atomic number dependence of the decay rate studied in our previous work, the angular distribution of electrons from a polarized muon should be a very useful tool to constrain the model beyond the standard model.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2019)·7 citations
6. 06*

   QCD spin effects in the heavy hybrid potentials and spectra

   Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Wai Kin Lai🇩🇪 · Jorge Segovia🇪🇸 · Jaume Tarrús Castellà🇪🇸

   The spin-dependent operators for heavy quarkonium hybrids have been recently obtained in a nonrelativistic effective field theory approach up to next-to-leading order in the heavy-quark mass expansion. In the effective field theory for hybrids several operators not found in standard quarkonia appear, including an operator suppressed by only one power of the heavy-quark mass. We compute the matching coefficients for these operators in the short heavy-quark-antiquark distance regime, $r\ll 1/{\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$, by matching weakly-coupled potential NRQCD to the effective field theory for hybrids. In this regime the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions to the matching coefficients factorize, and the latter can be expressed in terms of purely gluonic correlators whose form we explicitly calculate with the aid of the transformation properties of the gluon fields under discrete symmetries. We detail our previous comparison with direct lattice computations of the charmonium hybrid spectrum, from which the unknown nonperturbative contributions can be obtained, and extend it to data sets with different light-quark masses.

   hep-phhep-exhep-lathep-thPRD(2020)·61 citations
7. 07*

   Kinetic freeze-out temperature from yields of short-lived resonances

   Anton Motornenko🇩🇪 · Volodymyr Vovchenko🇩🇪 · Carsten Greiner🇩🇪 · Horst Stoecker🇩🇪

   A method to determine the kinetic freeze-out temperature in heavy-ion collisions from measured yields of short-lived resonances is presented. The resonance production is treated in the framework of thermal model with an evolution between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. The yields of many short-lived resonances are suppressed at $T=T_{\mathrm{kin}}<T_{\mathrm{ch}}$. We determine the values of $T_{\mathrm{kin}}$ and $T_{\mathrm{ch}}$ for various centralities in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV by fitting the abundances of both the stable hadrons and the short-lived resonances such as ${\rho }^0$ and ${\text{K}}^{\ast 0}$, that were measured by the ALICE collaboration. This allows to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature from the measured hadron and resonance yields alone, independent of assumptions about the flow velocity profile and the freeze-out hypersurface. The extracted $T_{\mathrm{ch}}$ values exhibit a moderate multiplicity dependence whereas $T_{\mathrm{kin}}$ drops, from $T_{\mathrm{kin}}\simeq T_{\mathrm{ch}}\simeq 155$ MeV in peripheral collisions to $T_{\mathrm{kin}}\simeq 110$ MeV in 0-20% central collisions. Predictions for other short-lived resonances are presented. A potential (non-)observation of a suppressed $f_0(980)$ meson yield will allow to constrain the lifetime of that meson.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2020)·51 citations
8. 08*

   Prospects for Lorentz-Violation Searches at the LHC and Future Colliders

   N. Chanon🇫🇷 · A. Carle🇫🇷 · S. Perries🇫🇷

   Hadron colliders are providing a unique opportunity for testing Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry at high energy and in a laboratory. A first measurement in the top-quark sector was performed at the Tevatron. We present here prospective studies for testing Lorentz invariance in top-quark pair production at the LHC and future colliders. The b-quark sector was investigated recently at LHCb. Eventually, new bounds on photon parameters can be extracted from the observation of TeV photons at the LHC. We will conclude by highlighting other opportunities provided by hadron colliders.

   hep-ph4 citations
9. 09*

   Searching for a light $Z^{\prime }$ through Higgs production at the LHC

   Frank F. Deppisch🇬🇧 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Wei Liu🇬🇧

   We investigate the potential of LHC resonance searches in leptonic final states to probe the $Z^{\prime }$ in the minimal $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model. Considering the current constraints on the $Z^{\prime }$ in terms of its mass $m_{Z^{\prime }}$ and the associated gauge coupling $g_{B-L}$ as well as constraints in the Higgs sector, we analyse the potential of dilepton and four lepton final states for $Z^{\prime }$ production. This includes Drell-Yan production, Higgs mediated decays and final state radiation processes concentrating only on the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the LHC. We show that the four-lepton final state is sensitive to $m_{Z^{\prime }}$ as low as 0.25 GeV. Furthermore, setting the Higgs mixing to $\sin \alpha =0.3$, this final state has a strong sensitivity and it probes regions of parameter space where the $Z^{\prime }$ is long-lived. We demonstrate the sensitivity at the High Luminosity LHC and comment on the potential of probing displaced vertices due to long-lived $Z^{\prime }$. Finally, we also comment on the strength of $Z^{\prime }$ and Higgs mediated heavy neutrino processes by taking into account the constraints derived.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2019)·21 citations
10. 10*

    Dynamical generation of resonances in the P33 partial wave

    B. Golli🇸🇮 · H. Osmanović🇧🇦 · S. Širca🇸🇮

    We investigate the formation of resonances in the P33 partial wave with the emphasis on possible emergence of dynamically generated quasi-bound states as a consequence of a strong $p$-wave pion attractive interaction in this partial wave, as well as their possible interaction with the genuine quark excited states. By using the Laurent-Pietarinen expansion we follow the evolution of the $S$-matrix poles in the complex energy plane as a function of the interaction strength. Already without introducing a genuine quark resonant state, two physically interesting resonances emerge with pole masses around 1200 MeV and 1400 MeV, with the dominant $\pi N$ and $\pi \Delta$ component, respectively. The added genuine resonant state in the $(1s{)}^3$ quark configuration mixes with the lower dynamically generated resonance forming the physical $\Delta (1232)$ resonance, and pushes the second dynamical resonance to around 1500 MeV, which allows it to be identified with the $\Delta (1600)$ resonance. Adding a second resonant state with one quark promoted to the $2s$ orbit generates another pole whose evolution remains well separated from the lower two poles. We calculate the helicity amplitudes at the pole and suggest that their $Q^2$ dependence could be a decisive test to discriminate between different models of the $\Delta (1600)$ resonance.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2019)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Central exclusive production at the LHC: Remarks by the organisers on an EMMI workshop

    Carlo Ewerz🇩🇪 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Rainer Schicker🇩🇪

    On February 6, 2019, an EMMI workshop on 'Central exclusive production at the LHC' was held at Heidelberg. Here we make some remarks on the topics presented in the talks and the discussions of this meeting. We hope that this will be useful for further studies of central exclusive reactions.

    hep-ph5 citations
12. 12*

    Constraints from a large-N_c analysis on meson-baryon interactions at chiral order Q^3

    Yonggoo Heo🇹🇭 · C. Kobdaj🇹🇭 · M.F.M. Lutz🇩🇪

    We consider the chiral Lagrangian for baryon fields with J^P =\frac{1}{2}^+ or J^P =\frac{3}{2}^+ quantum numbers as constructed from QCD with up, down and strange quarks. The specific class of counter terms that are of chiral order Q^3 and contribute to meson-baryon interactions at the two-body level is constructed. Altogether we find 24 terms. In order to pave the way for realistic applications we establish a set of 22 sum rules for the low-energy constants as they are implied by QCD in the large-N_c limit. Given such a constraint there remain only 2 independent unknown parameters that need to be determined by either Lattice QCD simulations or directly from experimental cross section measurements. At subleading order we arrive at 5 parameters.

    hep-phPRD(2019)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Strong first-order phase transitions in the NMSSM --- a comprehensive survey

    Peter Athron🇦🇺 · Csaba Balazs🇦🇺 · Andrew Fowlie🇨🇳 · Giancarlo Pozzo🇦🇺 · Graham White🇨🇦 · Yang Zhang🇦🇺

    Motivated by the fact that the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is one of the most plausible models that can accommodate electroweak baryogenesis, we analyze its phase structure by tracing the temperature dependence of the minima of the effective potential. Our results reveal rich patterns of phase structure that end in the observed electroweak symmetry breaking vacuum. We classify these patterns according to the first transition in their history and show the strong first-order phase transitions that may be possible in each type of pattern. These could allow for the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry or potentially observable gravitational waves. For a selection of benchmark points, we checked that the phase transitions completed and calculated the nucleation temperatures. We furthermore present samples that feature strong first-order phase transitions from an extensive scan of the whole parameter space. We highlight common features of our samples, including the fact that the Standard Model like Higgs is often not the lightest Higgs in the model.

    hep-phJHEP(2019)·54 citations
14. 14*

    KK Higgs produced in association with a top quark pair in the bulk RS Model

    N. Manglani🇮🇳 · A. Misra🇮🇳 · K.Sridhar🇮🇳

    We present a search strategy for the first Kaluza-Klein (KK) mode of the Higgs boson in the framework of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with a deformed metric. We study the production of this massive excitation in association with a ttbar pair at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The KK Higgs primarily decays into a boosted ttbar final state and we then end up with an interesting four-top final state of which two are boosted. The boosted products in the final state improve the sensitivity for the search of the KK Higgs in this channel whose production cross-section is otherwise rather small. Our results suggest that masses of the KK Higgs resonance upto about 1.2 TeV may be explorable at the highest planned luminosities of the LHC. Beyond this mass, the KK Higgs cross-section is too tiny for it to be explored at the LHC and may be possible only at a future higher energy collider.

    hep-phEPJC(2019)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Throwing away antimatter via neutrino oscillations during the reheating era

    Shintaro Eijima🇯🇵 · Ryuichiro Kitano🇯🇵 · Wen Yin🇰🇷

    The simplest possibility to explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is to assume that radiation is created asymmetrically between baryons and anti-baryons after the inflation. We propose a new mechanism of this kind where CP-violating flavor oscillations of left-handed leptons in the reheating era distribute the lepton asymmetries partially into the right-handed neutrinos while net asymmetry is not created. The asymmetry stored in the right-handed neutrinos is later washed out by the lepton number violating decays, and it ends up with the net lepton asymmetry in the Standard Model particles, which is converted into the baryon asymmetry by the sphaleron process. This scenario works for a range of masses of the right-handed neutrinos while no fine-tuning among the masses is required. The reheating temperature of the Universe can be as low as $O(10)$~TeV if we assume that the decays of inflatons in the perturbative regime are responsible for the reheating. For the case of the reheating via the dissipation effects, the reheating temperature can be as low as $O(100)$~GeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-exJCAP(2020)·17 citations
16. 16*

    Exploring the initial stages in heavy-ion collisions with high-pT RAA and v2 theory and data

    Dusan Zigic🇷🇸 · Bojana Ilic🇷🇸 · Marko Djordjevic🇷🇸 · Magdalena Djordjevic🇷🇸

    Traditionally, low-pT sector is used to infer the features of initial stages before QGP thermalization. On the other hand, recently acquired wealth of high-pT experimental data paves the way to utilize the high-pT particles energy loss in exploring the initial stages. We here study how four different commonly considered initial-stage scenarios which have the same temperature profile after, but differ in the 'temperature' profile before thermalization affect predictions of high-pT RAA and v2 observables. Contrary to common expectations, we obtain that high-pT v2 is insensitive to the initial stages of medium evolution, being unable to discriminate between different conditions. On the other hand, RAA is sensitive to these conditions, however, within the current errorbars, the sensitivity is not sufficient to distinguish between different initial stages. Moreover, we also reconsider the validity of widely-used procedure of fitting the energy loss parameters, individually for different initial-stage cases, to reproduce the experimentally observed RAA. We here find that previously reported sensitivity of v2 to different initial states is mainly a consequence of the RAA fitting procedure, which may lead to incorrect conclusions. On the other hand, if a global property, in particular the same average temperature, is imposed to tested temperature profiles, high sensitivity of high-pT v2 is again obtained. We however show that this sensitivity would not be a consequence of differences in initial, but rather final, stages. Consequently, the simultaneous study of high-pT RAA and v2, with consistent energy loss parametrization and stringently controlled temperature profiles, is necessary to assess sensitivity of different variables to differences in initial and final stages.

    hep-phPRC(2020)·28 citations
17. 17*

    Modular Invariant Models of Lepton Masses at Levels 4 and 5

    Juan Carlos Criado🇪🇸 · Ferruccio Feruglio🇮🇹 · Simon J.D. King🇬🇧

    We explore alternative descriptions of the charged lepton sector in modular invariant models of lepton masses and mixing angles. In addition to the modulus, the symmetry breaking sector of our models includes ordinary flavons. Neutrino mass terms depend only on the modulus and are tailored to minimize the number of free parameters. The charged lepton Yukawa couplings rely upon the flavons alone. We build modular invariant models at levels 4 and 5, where neutrino masses are described both in terms of the Weinberg operator or through a type I seesaw mechanism. At level 4, our models reproduce the hierarchy among electron, muon and tau masses by letting the weights play the role of Froggatt-Nielsen charges. At level 5, our setup allows the treatment of left and right handed charged leptons on the same footing. We have optimized the free parameters of our models in order to match the experimental data, obtaining a good degree of compatibility and predictions for the absolute neutrino masses and the $CP$ violating phases. At a more fundamental level, the whole lepton sector could be correctly described by the simultaneous presence of several moduli. Our examples are meant to make a first step in this direction.

    hep-phJHEP(2020)·127 citations
18. 18*

    LHC and DIS experimental data in the CT18(Z) global QCD analysis

    Tie-Jiun Hou🇨🇳 · Keping Xie🇺🇸 · Jun Gao🇨🇳 · Sayipjamal Dulat🇨🇳 · Marco Guzzi🇺🇸 · T. J. Hobbs🇺🇸 · Joey Huston🇺🇸 · Pavel Nadolsky🇺🇸 · Jon Pumplin🇺🇸 · Carl Schmidt🇺🇸 · Ibrahim Sitiwaldi🇨🇳 · Dan Stump🇺🇸 · Bo-Ting Wang🇺🇸 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

    We discuss implementation of the LHC experimental data sets in the new CT18 global analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at the next-to-next-leading order of the QCD coupling strength. New methodological developments in the fitting methodology are discussed. Behavior of the CT18 NNLO PDFs for the conventional and "saturation-inspired" factorization scales in deep-inelastic scattering is reviewed. Four new families of (N)NLO CTEQ-TEA PDFs are presented: CT18, A, X, and Z.

    hep-phPoS(2019)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Constraining axion-like particles from rare pion decays

    Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · Stefania Gori🇺🇸 · Dean J. Robinson🇺🇸

    Ultraviolet completions for axion-like particles (ALPs) lighter than the neutral pion generically induce ALP-neutral pion mixing, and are therefore sensitive to direct constraints on the mixing angle. For ALPs below the pion mass, we demonstrate that strong and novel bounds on the ALP-pion mixing angle can be extracted from existing rare pion decay data, measured by the PIENU and PIBETA experiments.

    hep-phPRD(2020)·48 citations
20. 20*

    Probing the $CP$ nature of the top quark Yukawa at hadron colliders

    Darius A. Faroughy🇸🇮 · Jernej F. Kamenik🇸🇮 · Nejc Košnik🇸🇮 · Aleks Smolkovič🇸🇮

    We analyze the prospects of probing the $CP$-odd $i\tilde{\kappa }\bar{t}{\gamma }^{5}th$ interaction at the LHC and its projected upgrades, the high-luminosity and high-energy LHC, directly using associated on-shell Higgs boson and top quark or top quark pair production. To this end we first construct a $CP$-odd observable based on top quark polarization in $Wb\to th$ scattering with optimal linear sensitivity to $\tilde{\kappa }$. For the corresponding hadronic process $pp\to thj$ we present a method of extracting the phase-space dependent weight function that allows to retain close to optimal sensitivity to $\tilde{\kappa }$. We project future sensitivity to the signal in $pp\to t(\to \ell \nu b)h(\to b\bar{b})j$. Based on these insights we propose novel $CP$-odd observables for top quark pair production in association with the Higgs, $pp\to t\bar{t}h$, with semileptonically decaying tops and $h\to \bar{b}b$, that rely solely on measuring the momenta of leptons and $b$-jets from the decaying tops without having to distinguish the charge of the $b$-jets. Among the many possibilities we single out an observable that can potentially probe $\tilde{\kappa }\sim 0.5$ at the high-luminosity LHC and $\tilde{\kappa }\sim 0.1$ at high-energy LHC with $2\sigma$ confidence.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2020)·38 citations
21. 21*

    Extending the susy model to core-collapse supernovae

    L. Clavelli🇺🇸

    A notable feature of the two standard models for thermonuclear and core-collapse supernovae is that, although these two models are fundamentally different, the respective supernova types have quite similar rates and appearances. For instance, both types occur one to several times per century per typical galaxy and both types seed the universe with the heavy elements essential to life. In spite of this, neither standard model provides a reasonably problem-free description of its target phenomenon. A major obstacle to providing a unified picture of supernovae would seem to be the fact that type Ia supernovae occur typically with gigayear delay times after the cessation of carbon fusion while the core-collapse explosions occur only days after such fusion cessation. In this article we study the possibility of extending the successful supersymmetric model for type Ia supernovae to core-collapse events. The question is whether and under what assumptions a phase transition to an exact supersymmetric background can efficiently explain both type Ia and core collapse supernovae.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph2 citations
22. 22*

    A Continuous Effective Model of the Protein Dynamics

    Dmitry Melnikov🇧🇷 · Alyson B. F. Neves🇧🇷

    The theory of elastic rods can be used to describe certain geometric and topological properties of the DNA molecules. A similar effective field theory approach was previously suggested to describe the conformations and dynamics of proteins. In this letter we report a detailed study of the basic features of a version of the proposed model, which assumes proteins to be very long continuous curves. In the most appealing case, the model is based on a potential with a pair of minima corresponding to helical and strand-like configurations of the curves. It allows to derive several predictions about the geometric features of the molecules, and we show that the predictions are compatible with the phenomenology. While the helices represent the ground state configurations, the abundance of beta strands is controlled by a parameter, which can either completely suppress their presence in a molecule, or make them abundant. The few-parameter model investigated in the letter rather represents a universality class of protein molecules. Generalizations accounting for the discrete nature and inhomogeneity of the molecules presumably allow to model realistic cases.

    ↳ q-bio.BMcond-mat.softhep-phhep-th+11 citation
23. 23*

    Circumnavigating Collinear Superspace

    Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Gilly Elor🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸

    In this paper, we extend the collinear superspace formalism to include the full range of $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric interactions. Building on the effective field theory rules developed in a companion paper - "Navigating Collinear Superspace" - we construct collinear superspace Lagrangians for theories with non-trivial $F$- and $D$-term auxiliary fields. For (massless) Wess-Zumino models, the key ingredient is a novel type of Grassmann-valued supermultiplet whose lowest component is a (non-propagating) fermionic degree of freedom. For gauge theories coupled to charged chiral matter, the key ingredient is a novel type of vector superfield whose lowest component is a non-propagating gauge potential. This unique vector superfield is used to construct a gauge-covariant derivative; while such an object does not appear in the standard full superspace formalism, it is crucial for modeling gauge interactions when the theory is expressed on a collinear slice. This brings us full circle, by showing that all types of $\mathcal{N}=1$ theories in four dimensions can be constructed in collinear superspace from purely infrared considerations. We speculate that supersymmetric theories with $\mathcal{N}>1$ could also be implemented using similar collinear superspace constructions.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2020)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.