Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Monday·December 29, 2025

20 papers—7 primary·13 cross-listed

01
Spontaneous fission half-lives for heavy and super-heavy nuclei from phenomenological models
Yi Xie · Ning Wang · Zhongzhou Ren
A phenomenological model is proposed for a systematic description of the spontaneous fission (SF) half-lives $T_{SF}$ of heavy and super-heavy nuclei. Based on the effective tunneling barrier (ETB), the proposed approach reproduces the SF half-lives of 79 known nuclei with an average deviation of 0.8, which is $17%$ smaller than that of the linear correlation approach recently proposed in [N. S. Moiseev, N. V. Antonenko and G. G. Adamian, Phys. Rev. C 112, 034607 (2025)]. For superheavy nuclei with $45 ⩽ N - Z ⩽ 61$ , the predicted SF half-lives from these two different phenomenological models are in good agreement with each other. The ETB calculations implies that the $β$ -decay energy affects the SF half-lives of nuclei far from the $β$ -stability line. For superheavy nuclei around the magic number $N = 184$ , the predicted $T_{SF}$ of $^{304}$ 120 is much shorter than that of $^{298}$ Fl. With predicted values of about $10 \sim 160$ ms for $T_{SF}$ , the unmeasured SHN $^{293} 119$ could survive for long enough to reach the focal-plane detector in detection systems like the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS in Lanzhou.
nucl-thCPC(2026)·1 citation
02
Model-Independent Bound on Neutrino Energy Reconstruction from Nuclear Targets
Sanjeev Kumar Verma🇮🇳
Neutrino energy reconstruction on nuclear targets underlies oscillation measurements and precision tests of weak interactions. Inclusive charged--current data have long exhibited degeneracies commonly attributed to axial-mass tuning, multinucleon dynamics, and final-state interactions. This work shows that, even in the idealized limit of perfect detectors and exact nuclear dynamics, inclusive lepton-only reconstruction admits no unique inverse. A strictly positive lower bound on neutrino energy resolution follows from the finite energy-transfer support of the inclusive nuclear axial response. The result identifies an irreducible contribution to reconstruction uncertainty that is independent of modeling assumptions and experimental resolution.
nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
03
Pre-Supernova (Anti)Neutrino Emission Due to Weak-Interaction Reactions with Hot Nuclei
Alan A. Dzhioev🇷🇺 · Andrey V. Yudin🇷🇺 · Natalia V. Dunina-Barkovskaya🇷🇺 · Andrey I. Vdovin🇷🇺
Reliable predictions of (anti)neutrino spectra and luminosities are essential for assessing the feasibility of detecting pre-supernova neutrinos. Using the stellar evolution code MESA, we calculate the (anti)neutrino spectra and luminosities under realistic conditions of temperature, density, and electron fraction. Our study includes (anti)neutrinos produced by both thermal processes and nuclear weak-interaction reactions. By comparing the results of the thermal quasiparticle random-phase approximation with the standard technique based on the effective $Q$ -value method, we investigate how thermal effects influence the spectra and luminosities of emitted (anti)neutrinos. Our findings show that a thermodynamically consistent treatment of Gamow--Teller transitions in hot nuclei enhances both the energy luminosity and the average energies of the emitted (anti)neutrinos.
nucl-thastro-ph.HEParticles(2025)·4 citations
04
Shell effects in quasifission toward $^{180} Hg$ : insights into fission asymmetric modes
Yingge Huang · Haozhao Liang · Jun Su
Background: Experiment of 180Hg fission revealed a possible ``new asymmetric fission mode'' in the preactinide region, posing challenges to current fission theory. Similarity on shell effects are observed between fission and quasifission, providing possibility for widely exploring the topography of fission potential-energy surface (PES). Purpose: We aim to investigate the shell effects in the quasifission forming 180Hg and to explore their connection with the 180Hg fission. Method: 68Zn+112Sn, 74Se+106Pd, 80Kr+100Ru, and 84Kr+96Ru central collisions at different energies and projectile orientations are calculated using the Skyrme time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach. The static fission properties are calculated with the constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method and compared with the quasifission results. Results: Shell effects are found to hinder mass equilibration between the prefragments, enhancing the production of fragments near the 80/100 mass split. By comparing the quasifission trajectories with the PES in the $(Q_{20}, Q_{30})$ space, the role of PES ridge in forming fragments is identified. The presence of asymmetric valley causes the 68Zn+112Sn quasifission exhibits prefragment mass equilibration process and scission-point configuration similar to those of fission. The elongated light fragment is found to be a key factor in reproducing the experimental fission total kinetic energies. Meanwhile, a more pronounced proton shell gap is found in the 68Zn+112Sn quasifission compared with other reactions. Conclusions: By using quasifission dynamics as a probe of the fission pathway, the present calculations help clarify the specific influence of the PES topography and provide support for the dominance of proton shell effects and light fragment deformation in preactinide fission.
nucl-thPRC(2026)·0 citations
05
Nucleon momentum distributions of complex nuclei from inclusive electron scattering
Tongqi Liang · Dong Bai · Zhongzhou Ren
Nucleon momentum distributions (NMDs) reveal essential information about Fermi motion and short-range correlations (SRCs). In extracting NMDs from inclusive electron scattering data, theoretical analyses, such as the scaling analysis, are typically employed. For complex nuclei, consistently treating the excitation energy of the residual system is a complicated task, leading to discrepancies between existing extracted NMDs and ab initio calculations, particularly around the Fermi momentum $k_{F}$ . To address this issue, we introduce an improved description of the excitation energy in the framework of the relativistic Fermi gas (RFG) model. With this treatment, the extracted NMDs of complex nuclei show better agreement with ab initio calculations across the low- and high-momentum range, especially around $k_{F}$ , successfully reproducing both the behaviors of Fermi motion and SRCs. These results provide a new experimental perspective on the interplay between Fermi motion and SRCs in complex nuclei.
nucl-thPRC(2026)·1 citation
06
Multi-reference Trial State for Lattice Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations
Teng Wang · Xu Feng · Bing-Nan Lu
Nuclear lattice effective field theory (NLEFT) is an efficient \textit{ab initio} tool for solving nuclear many-body systems using the imaginary-time projection technique, where the preparation of trial states is essential for substantially reducing the computational cost required to achieve the desired numerical precision. It has been challenging in forming optimal multi-reference trial states using multiple Slater determinants within auxiliary-field based quantum Monte Carlo frameworks like NLEFT. In this work, we develop a novel sampling method for efficiently incorporating such multi-reference trial states into NLEFT calculations. We applied the optimized trial state to $^{7}$ Li and $^{8}$ Li, finding overall improvements in calculated energies, electromagnetic properties, and transitions compared to results obtained without these optimizations. Our approach provides a reliable foundation for accurately simulating nuclear ground and low-lying excited states within the NLEFT framework.
nucl-thPRC(2026)·4 citations
07
Unified Royer law revision for alpha-decay half-lives: shell corrections, pairing,and orbital-angular-momentum
Kai Ren · Pengfei Ma · Minghui Hu · Junlong Tian
The Royer law is a widely used empirical relation for calculating alpha-decay half-lives; however, it requires 12 parity-dependent parameters.It exhibits systematic deviations near the shell closure. We propose an improved Royer law by adding a shell-correction term, an odd-even pairing indicator, and an orbital-angular-momentum contribution. This unified framework reduces the number of free parameters to just four, leading to significant improvements in accuracy. The root-mean-square deviation across 550 experimental data points decreases from 0.520 to 0.279, corresponding to a 66.7% reduction in parameters and 46.3% improvement in accuracy. Using this refined formalism, we predict alpha-decay half-lives for superheavy nuclei with atomic numbers.
nucl-thCPC(2026)·2 citations
08
Impact of a Reflecting Material on a Search for Neutron--Antineutron Oscillations using Ultracold Neutrons
Hiroyuki Fujioka🇯🇵 · Takashi Higuchi🇯🇵
We investigate neutron--antineutron oscillations of ultracold neutrons in a storage bottle represented by a one-dimensional potential. The experimental sensitivity is determined by the annihilation rate of antineutrons. Its dependence on the antineutron reflectivity and the relative phase shift between the neutron and the antineutron wavefunctions by a reflection from the wall is derived. Optimization of the antineutron pseudopotential was found crucial to maximize the sensitivity of the experiment. Furthermore, methods are discussed for determining the antineutron pseudopotential, which has only been studied indirectly thus far.
↳ hep-exnucl-exnucl-thquant-phPTEP(2026)·4 citations
09
Electron Hydrodynamics in Graphene : Experimental and Theoretical Status
Subhalaxmi Nayak · Cho Win Aung · Thandar Zaw Win · Ashutosh Dwibedi · Sabyasachi Ghosh · Sesha Vempati
The present work comprehensively reviews electron hydrodynamics in graphene, highlighting both experimental observations and theoretical developments. Key experimental signatures such as negative vicinity resistance, Poiseuille flow, and significant violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law have been discussed, with special emphasis on Lorenz ratio measurements. In the theoretical direction, recent efforts have focused on developing hydrodynamic frameworks for calculating the thermodynamic and transport coefficients of electrons in graphene. The present work has briefly addressed the theoretical framework adopted by our group.
↳ cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-elnucl-th2 citations
10
Isoscalar Giant Resonances in Highly-Deformed $^{172}$ Yb
K. Khokhar · S. Bagchi · Y. Niu · C. Chen · M. N. Harakeh · M. Abdullah · H. Akimune · D. Das · T. Doi · L. M. Donaldson · Y. Fujikawa · M. Fujiwara and 25 other authors
To study the isoscalar giant resonances in a deformed case, background-free $α$ -particle inelastic scattering measurements using a 386 MeV $α$ beam were performed on the highly-deformed $^{172}$ Yb nucleus using the Grand Raiden spectrometer at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) at very forward angles, including $0^{\circ}$ . The strength distributions for the isoscalar giant resonances up to $L \leq 3$ were obtained using multipole decomposition analysis. The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) strength exhibits a splitting into two components, interpreted as the coupling of the ISGMR with the $K = 0$ component of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance (ISGQR). A \textit{bimodal} structure is observed in the strength distribution of the isoscalar giant dipole resonance. The ISGQR strength shows an enhancement near 25 MeV, attributed to the excitation of an overtone mode, while the broadening of the main-tone peak is associated with nuclear deformation. The experimental results are well reproduced by theoretical strength distributions calculated using the quasiparticle finite amplitude method for $L \leq 3$ .
↳ nucl-exnucl-th0 citations
11
Formulation of Relativistic Dissipative Spin Hydrodynamics
Asaad Daher🇵🇱
The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a consistent theoretical framework of dissipative hydrodynamics for a relativistic fluid with spin - hereafter referred to as relativistic dissipative spin hydrodynamics. In this framework, the dynamical description of a relativistic fluid requires a new macroscopic variable, the spin density, which is associated with a spin tensor. This tensor, defined as the expectation value of a rank-3 tensor operator in quantum field theory, contributes to the system's total angular momentum. The need for such a theory is motivated by recent measurements of spin polarization of hadrons produced in non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Two distinct formulation methods are employed. The first is grounded in covariant thermodynamics and extends the conventional Navier-Stokes and Müller-Israel-Stewart theories of relativistic hydrodynamics by incorporating a spin tensor. The second is based on principles of relativistic quantum statistical mechanics, building upon and generalizing the foundational Zubarev approach. Both formulations aim to construct a closed system of evolution equations for the macroscopic variables and, via an entropy-current analysis, to identify the dissipative currents and their associated transport coefficients. These two approaches provide different perspectives for future applications focused on spin polarization measurements. Beyond its phenomenological relevance, the theory also opens several avenues for further theoretical developments. These include the verification of the thermodynamic relations employed in the first formulation method using microscopic frameworks, as well as a deeper understanding of the emerging transport coefficients - particularly those associated with the spin tensor - through microscopic modeling or data-driven parameter extraction.
↳ hep-phnucl-th0 citations
12
Universal relations between the quasinormal modes of neutron stars and magnetic tidal deformability
Hajime Sotani
Tidal deformabilities are one of the observable quantities characterizing neutron stars, which are strongly associated with the stellar compactness, the ratio of the stellar mass to the radius. In addition to the tidal deformability, the quasinormal modes excited in a neutron star are also an important property for extracting information about the neutron star interior, adopting gravitational wave asteroseismology. In this study, we especially focus on the magnetic tidal deformability, which acts on the gravitational waveform from a neutron star binary merger as a higher-order effect than the electric tidal deformability, and derive the universal relations expressing the quasinormal modes, such as the fundamental ( $f$ -), 1st pressure ( $p_{1}$ -), and 1st spacetime ( $w_{1}$ -) modes, as a function of the magnetic tidal deformability. The universal relations derived in this study exhibit accuracy more or less comparable to those of the electric tidal deformability.
↳ astro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2026)·2 citations
13
Study of SIDIS Unpolarized Cross Sections from a $^{3}$ He Target with the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device at JLab
Matteo Cerutti🇫🇷 · Jian-Ping Chen🇺🇸 · Umberto D'Alesio🇮🇹 · Haiyan Gao🇺🇸 · Shuo Jia🇺🇸 · Vladimir Khachatryan🇺🇸 · Alexei Prokudin🇺🇸 · Lorenzo Rossi🇮🇹 · Ye Tian🇺🇸 · Zhiwen Zhao🇺🇸
In this paper we present a detailed impact study of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering unpolarized cross sections' measurements using the proposed SoLID apparatus at Jefferson Lab. This type of data, collected at large Bjorken $x_{bj}$ , moderate values of $Q^{2}$ and small values of the transverse momentum of produced hadrons, $P_{h T}$ , allows to study transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution and fragmentation functions in a still poorly explored region. We present the projected results for charged light mesons based on simulated data. For the azimuthal-angle integrated cross sections we adopt the TMD framework up to the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (N3LL) accuracy, while a simpler TMD parton model is employed for the study of azimuthal angular dependencies.
↳ nucl-exhep-phnucl-thPRC(2026)·1 citation
14
Electron spectral shape of the third-forbidden $β$ -decay of $^{87}$ Rb measured using a Rb $_{2}$ ZrCl $_{6}$ crystal scintillator
P. Belli🇮🇹 · R. Bernabei🇮🇹 · F. Cappella🇮🇹 · V. Caracciolo🇮🇹 · R. Cerulli🇮🇹 · A. Incicchitti🇮🇹 · A. Leoncini🇮🇹 · V. Merlo🇮🇹 · S.S. Nagorny🇮🇹 · V.V. Nahorna🇨🇦 · S. Nisi🇮🇹 · P. Wang🇨🇦 and 3 other authors
In recent years, interest in experimental studies of $β$ -decay electron spectra -- often referred to as $β$ spectra -- has been growing. This is particularly true for $β$ transitions where the electron spectra are sensitive to the effective value of the weak axial coupling, $g_{A}$ . Such measurements serve as important benchmarks for nuclear physics calculations and can also be used to characterize background in astroparticle physics experiments. In this work, a dedicated experiment has been carried out to investigate the spectral shape of the third-forbidden $^{87}$ Rb $β$ -decays, with the goal of estimating the effective $g_{A}$ value for this transition and of deriving the T $_{1/2}$ value. This was done by comparing the experimental spectral shape with the estimates from various phenomenological models. The $^{87}$ Rb source was embedded directly within the detector material of a new Rb $_{2}$ ZrCl $_{6}$ crystal scintillator; the data taking was performed deep underground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The obtained experimental half-life value for the studied process is T $_{1/2} = 5.08 (13) \times$ 10 $^{10}$ yr; while a $g_{A}$ value in the range 0.4 to 0.6 is obtained when accounting for uncertainties and depending on the model adopted as discussed in detail in the text.
↳ nucl-exhep-exnucl-thphysics.ins-detEPJA(2026)·1 citation
15
Quantum entanglement between partons in a strongly coupled quantum field theory
Wenyu Zhang🇨🇳 · Wenyang Qian🇪🇸 · Yiyu Zhou🇮🇹 · Yang Li🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳
We perform a first-principles, non-perturbative investigation of quantum entanglement between partonic constituents in a strongly coupled 3+1-dimensional scalar Yukawa theory, using light-front Hamiltonian methods with controlled Fock-space truncations. By explicitly constructing reduced density matrices for (mock) nucleon, pion, and anti-nucleon subsystems from light-front wave functions, we compute key entanglement witnesses, including von Neumann entropy, mutual information, and linear entropy, in both quenched (no sea pairs) and unquenched frameworks. We find that the entanglement entropy is closely related to the Shannon entropy of the transverse momentum dependent distribution, establishing a link between quantum information and parton structure. In contrast, the unquenched theory reveals genuinely non-classical correlations: the entanglement entropy cannot be reduced to any Shannon entropy of normalized parton distributions, demonstrating that the full hadronic wave function encodes quantum information beyond classical probabilities. Our findings highlight the role of entanglement as a fundamental probe of non-perturbative dynamics in relativistic quantum field theory and lay the groundwork for extending these concepts to QCD and future collider phenomenology.
↳ hep-phhep-thnucl-thquant-phJHEP(2026)·8 citations
16
Quantum computation of mass gap in an asymptotically free theory
Paulo F. Bedaque🇺🇸 · Edison M. Murairi🇺🇸 · Gautam Rupak🇺🇸 · Valery S. Simonyan🇺🇸
In relativistic field theories, the mass spectrum is given by the difference between the energy of the vacuum and the excited states. Near the continuum limit, the cancellation between these two values leads to loss of precision. We propose a method to extract the mass gap directly using quantum computers and apply it to a particular version of the nonlinear $σ$ -model with the correct continuum limit and perform calculations in quantum hardware (at strong coupling) and simulation in classical computers (at weak coupling).
↳ quant-phhep-latnucl-th1 citation
17
On the Cooling of Compact Stars in Light of the HESS J1731-347 Remnant
D. G. Nanopoulos🇬🇷 · P. Laskos-Patkos🇬🇷 · Ch. C. Moustakidis🇬🇷
Recent analyses on the central compact object in the HESS J1731-347 supernova remnant reported not only surprising structural properties (mass $M$ and radius $R$ ), but also an interesting thermal evolution. More precisely, it has been estimated that $M = 0.7 7_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.20} M_{⊙}$ and $R = 10. 4_{- 0.78}^{+ 0.86}$ km (at the $1 σ$ level), while a redshited surface temperature of $15 3_{- 2}^{+ 4}$ keV at an age of 2-6 kyrs has been reported. In the present work, we conduct an in-depth investigation on the possible nature (hadronic, hybrid, quark) of this compact object by attempting to not only explain its mass and radius but also the corresponding estimations for its temperature and age. In the case of hybrid stars we also examine possible effects of the symmetry energy on the activation of different neutrino emitting process, and hence on the resulting cooling curves. We found that the reported temperature and age may be compatible to hadronic stellar configurations regardless of whether pairing effects are included. In the scenario of hybrid stars, we found that the strange quark matter core has to be in a superconducting state in order to reach an agreement with the observational constraints. In addition, the hadronic phase must be soft enough so that the direct Urca process is not activated. Furthermore, we have shown that the considered cooling constraints can be reconciled within the framework of strange stars. However, quark matter has to be in a superconducting state and the quark direct Urca process needs to be blocked.
↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qcnucl-thUniverse(2026)·3 citations
18
Probing gluon saturation with forward di-hadron correlations in proton-nucleus collisions
Paul Caucal🇫🇷 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Piotr Korcyl🇵🇱 · Farid Salazar🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Tomasz Stebel🇵🇱 · Raju Venugopalan🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇨🇳
We present a detailed numerical investigation of semi-inclusive forward di-hadron production in proton-nucleus collisions employing the Color Glass Condensate effective theory. We focus on the regime where di-hadrons are produced nearly back-to-back in the transverse plane, thereby justifying a transverse-momentum-dependent factorization approach in terms of small- $x$ gluon distributions. Our computation integrates several key elements: i) non-linear rapidity evolution via the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with running coupling, ii) both perturbative and non-perturbative Sudakov resummation, and iii) a phenomenologically constrained model for the initial conditions for small- $x$ gluon distributions. We compare this phenomenological framework to experimental data from the STAR Collaboration on azimuthal correlations in forward di-pion production in both proton-proton and proton-gold collisions. We analyze the systematic theoretical uncertainties associated with the saturation scales of nuclei at the initial scale for rapidity evolution and with those associated with the hadronization process. Finally, we make predictions for the kinematics anticipated to be covered by the ALICE Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) upgrade at the Large Hadron Collider.
↳ hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2026)·13 citations
19
Mass Spectra of $Λ_{Q} Σ ˉ_{Q}$ Hexaquark States in QCD Sum Rules
Xuan-Heng Zhang🇨🇳 · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳
Recently, the BESIII Collaboration indicate that no $Λ_{c} Σ ˉ_{c}$ bound-state with a mass near threshold in the range $4715$ -- $4735 MeV$ was observed. In order to determine the plausible mass region of the states in this structure, we calculate the mass spectrum of the $Λ_{c} Σ ˉ_{c}$ configuration with the method of QCD sum rules. Two linearly independent interpolating currents are constructed, and contributions from nonperturbative condensates up to dimension 12 are included in the numerical results. Consequently, we obtain the masses of the candidate states with quantum numbers $J^{P} = 0^{-}, 0^{+}, 1^{-}, 1^{+}$ . Our results show that the central values of the $Λ_{c} Σ ˉ_{c}$ ground-state masses lie around the $5.8 GeV$ region, which do not support them as bound states and consistent with the findings reported by the BESIII Collaboration. Furthermore, we compute the mass spectrum of the $Λ_{b} Σ ˉ_{b}$ states with quantum numbers $J^{P} = 0^{-}, 0^{+}, 1^{-}, 1^{+}$ , which could be served as hidden-bottom candidates in the experimental detecting.
↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2026)·2 citations
20
Fermionic domain-wall Skyrmions of QCD in a magnetic field
Patrick Copinger🇯🇵 · Minoru Eto🇯🇵 · Muneto Nitta🇯🇵 · Zebin Qiu🇯🇵
The ground state of low-energy QCD matter in strong magnetic fields is either a chiral soliton lattice (CSL), a periodic array of neutral pion domain walls (chiral solitons) perpendicular to the magnetic field, or domain-wall Skyrmion phase, in which Skyrmions are induced on top of the CSL. Previously found domain-wall Skyrmions are bosons with the baryon number two. In this paper, we show that the minimum domain-wall Skyrmions are fermions with baryon number one; a bosonic domain-wall Skyrmion can be separated without energy cost into two fermionic domain-wall Skyrmions attached on the opposite sides of a chiral soliton. The phase boundary between the CSL and domain-wall Skyrmion phases is unchanged. In the chiral limit, the CSL reduces to a linearly dependent neutral pion on the direction of the magnetic field, while fermionic domain-wall Skyrmions sit in an equal distance of half a period.
↳ hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2026)·5 citations

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first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE