Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Wednesday·January 8, 2025

12 papers—4 primary·8 cross-listed

01
Lattice Effective Field Theory Simulations of Nuclei
Dean Lee🇺🇸
Lattice effective field theory applies the principles of effective field theory in a lattice framework where space and time are discretized. Nucleons are placed on the lattice sites, and the interactions are tuned to replicate the observed features of the nuclear force. Monte Carlo simulations are then employed to predict the properties of nuclear few- and many-body systems. We review the basic methods and several theoretical and algorithmic advances that have been used to further our understanding of atomic nuclei.
nucl-thhep-latnucl-exAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2025)·38 citations
02
New Skyrme parametrizations to describe finite nuclei and neutron star matter with realistic effective masses. II. Adjusting the spin-dependent terms
Mingya Duan🇫🇷 · Michael Urban🇫🇷
Many common Skyrme functionals present ferromagnetic instabilities or unrealistic density dependence of the spin-dependent Landau parameters. To solve these problems, we consider the Skyrme interaction as a density-functional rather than a density-dependent two-body force. This allows us to adjust the spin-dependent terms of the new extended Skyrme functionals of our previous paper [M. Duan and M. Urban, Phys. Rev. C 110, 065806 (2024)] independently without altering the properties of spin saturated matter. The parameters of the spin-dependent terms are determined by fitting the Landau parameters $G_{0}$ and $G_{0}^{'}$ in neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter and the effective-mass splitting of up and down particles in spin polarized matter to the results of microscopic calculations. Using the new parametrizations, called Sky3s and Sky4s, the spin-related properties of nuclear matter are in good agreement with the microscopic results. As an application, we compute response functions and neutrino scattering rates of neutron-star matter with the new functionals having realistic effective masses and Landau parameters.
nucl-thPRC(2025)·4 citations
03
Determining the Duration of the Hadronic Stage at RHIC-BES Energies via Resonance Suppression Using a Full Set of Rate Equations
Tim Neidig🇩🇪 · Apiwit Kittiratpattana🇩🇪 · Tom Reichert🇩🇪 · Amine Chabane🇩🇪 · Carsten Greiner🇩🇪 · Marcus Bleicher🇩🇪
We present realistic estimates for the duration of the hadronic stage in central Au+Au reactions in the RHIC-BES energy regime. To this aim, we employ a full set of coupled rate equations to describe the time evolution of the system from chemical to kinetic freeze-out. Combined with the recently measured data by the STAR collaboration on $K^{*} / K$ ratios, we show that the previous estimates substantially underestimated the duration of this stage due to the omission of the regeneration of hadron resonances. We provide an improved relation between the $K^{*} / K$ ratio at chemical and kinetic freeze-out and the life time of the hadronic phase. The calculated improved life times are now in line with estimates from other methods and are relevant for the NA61 and STAR collaborations and for upcoming experiments at the FAIR facility.
nucl-thhep-phPLB(2025)·5 citations
04
Nuclear cross sections from low-energy interactions
J. Boström · J. Rotureau · B. G. Carlsson · A. Idini
We present a method to calculate neutron scattering cross sections for deformed nuclei using many--body wavefunctions described with multiple reference states. Nuclear states are calculated with the generator coordinate method using a low energy effective Hamiltonian. Using these states, a non--local and energy dependent optical potential is consistently constructed, allowing to directly investigate the role of nuclear structure properties in nuclear scattering. The case of neutron scattering on $^{24}$ Mg is presented. The results are compared to experiment and to phenomenological optical potentials at energies below 13 MeV, demonstrating the importance of low--energy collectivity in elastic and non--elastic scattering.
nucl-thPRC(2025)·4 citations
05
Neutrino energy and momentum emission from magnetized dense quark matter
Ritesh Ghosh🇺🇸 · Igor A. Shovkovy🇺🇸
Using first-principles field-theoretic methods, we investigate neutrino emission from strongly magnetized dense quark matter under conditions relevant to compact stars. We develop a customized approximation that fully accounts for the Landau-level quantization of electron states while neglecting such quantization for quarks. This approach is well-justified in dense quark matter, where the chemical potentials of up and down quarks significantly exceed those of electrons. Our analysis provides a detailed exploration of the influence of strong magnetic fields on neutrino emission, including both the modification of the total emission rate and the emergence of emission asymmetry relative to the magnetic field direction. We further examine the role of temperature in smoothing the oscillatory behavior of neutrino emission as a function of magnetic field strength. Additionally, we study the interplay between the Landau-level quantization of electrons and the Fermi-liquid effects of quarks in modifying the phase space of relevant weak processes. Finally, we briefly discuss the broader implications of magnetic fields on stellar cooling processes and the potential contribution of asymmetric neutrino emission to pulsar kicks.
↳ hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2025)·4 citations
06
Bell Inequality Violation of Light Quarks in Back-to-Back Dihadron Pair Production at Lepton Colliders
Kun Cheng🇺🇸 · Bin Yan🇨🇳
Spin correlations between particles produced at colliders provide valuable insights for quantum information studies. While traditional studies of quantum information at colliders are typically limited to massive particles with perturbative decay, we propose an innovative method to explore the Bell inequality in massless quark pair systems by analyzing the azimuthal correlations in back-to-back $π^{+} π^{-}$ dihadron pair production at lepton colliders. Revisiting the Belle data, we have shown the potential to detect Bell inequality violation of light quarks by introducing an additional angular cut, achieving a significance of 2.5 $σ$ even in the worst-case scenario of 100% correlated systematic uncertainties in each bins. The significance substantially exceeds $5 σ$ when considering uncorrelated systematic uncertainties. Our approach opens avenues for exploring spin quantum information in the non-perturbative aspect and leverages existing data for quantum information research.
↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2025)·62 citations
07
Rapidity asymmetry of jet-hadron correlation as a robust signal of diffusion wake induced by di-jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
Zhong Yang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳
Diffusion wake accompanying a Mach cone is a unique feature of the medium response to projectiles traveling at a speed faster than the velocity of sound. This is also the case for jet-medium interaction inside the quark-gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. It leads to a depletion of soft hadrons in the opposite direction of the propagating jet and has been recently observed in $Z$ -jet events of Pb+Pb collisions at LHC. In di-jet events, however, the diffusion wake of one jet usually overlaps with the medium-induced hadron enhancement of other jet without a clear signal except a reduction of the hadron enhancement, unless there is a large rapidity gap between the two jets. We propose to use the rapidity asymmetry of jet-hadron correlations in di-jets with a finite rapidity gap relative to that without, as a robust and background-free signal of the diffusion wake. The asymmetry emerges because the diffusion wake of one jet is shifted to a finite rapidity relative to the other jet. Consequently, a depletion of soft hadrons appears in the shifted rapidity region of the diffusion wake and an enhancement in the rapidity region of the other jet whose soft hadron enhancement is no longer or less reduced by the diffusion wake as in di-jets without a rapidity gap. We predict the rapidity asymmetry using both theoretical and mixed-event background subtraction for different values of the rapidity gap within the CoLBT-hydro model. Future measurements of this rapidity asymmetry with high statistics data on di-jets should provide more precise insights into the jet-induced diffusion wake and properties of the quark-gluon plasma.
↳ hep-phnucl-thPRL(2025)·14 citations
08
Right-handed weak currents in neutrinoless $β β$ decays and ton scale $β β$ detectors
H. Ejiri🇯🇵 · T. Fukuyama🇯🇵 · T. Sato🇯🇵
Right handed weak-currents (RHCs) in the left-right (L-R) symmetric model for neutrinoless double beta decays (DBDs) of both the $0^{+} \to 0^{+}$ and $0^{+} \to 2^{+}$ transitions are discussed from both theoretical and experimental view points. $< λ >$ and $< η >$ -terms are related by $< λ > / < η >\approx tan β$ , which is constrained in the regions of $1 - 60$ for SUSY grand unified theories (GUTs) and of $1 - 165$ for non-SUSY GUTs. The enhancement mechanisms of the $< η >$ term over the $< λ >$ term in the $0^{+}$ transition are shown, and the $Δ$ isobar contribution to the NME for the transition to the 2 $^{+}$ state is found to be of the order of $20%$ of the NME with the quenched weak coupling. The new and interesting RHC regions of $< λ >\approx 5 \times 1 0^{- 8}$ and $< η >\approx 1.5 \times 1 0^{- 10}$ are shown to be exclusively explored by measuring both the $β β$ and $γ$ rays associated with the ground and excited DBDs by means of the ton-scale DBD detectors for the IH (inverted hierarchy) $ν$ -masses. The actual RHCs to be studied depend on the RHC NMEs.
↳ hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·1 citation
09
Strange mesons with one dynamical gluon: A light-front approach
Jiangshan Lan🇨🇳 · Jialin Chen🇨🇳 · Zhimin Zhu🇨🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳 · Xingbo Zhao🇨🇳 · James P. Vary🇺🇸
We obtain the mass spectra of strange mesons using a light-front quantized Hamiltonian with Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) input, incorporating quark-antiquark and quark-antiquark-gluon Fock components, along with a three-dimensional confinement. We work within the basis light-front quantization framework. The resulting eigenvectors can simultaneously describe the kaon's electromagnetic form factor, decay constant, distribution amplitude, and quark and gluon distribution functions under QCD scale evolution. Using the obtained kaon parton distribution functions (PDFs), supplemented by established nuclear PDFs, we also predict the kaon-nucleus-induced Drell-Yan cross section, which is expected to be measured soon by COMPASS++/AMBER at CERN.
↳ hep-phnucl-thPLB(2025)·9 citations
10
The Gallium Solar Neutrino Capture Cross Section Revisited
W. C. Haxton🇺🇸 · Evan Rule🇺🇸
Solar neutrino flux constraints from the legacy GALLEX/GNO and SAGE experiments continue to influence contemporary global analyses of neutrino properties. The constraints depend on the neutrino absorption cross sections for various solar sources. Following recent work updating the $^{51}$ Cr and $^{37}$ Ar neutrino source cross sections, we reevaluate the $^{71}$ Ga solar neutrino cross sections, focusing on contributions from transitions to $^{71}$ Ge excited states, but also revising the ground-state transition to take into account new $^{71}$ Ge electron-capture lifetime measurements and various theory corrections. The excited-state contributions have been traditionally taken from forward-angle $(p, n)$ cross sections. Here we correct this procedure for the $\approx 10% - 20%$ tensor operator contribution that alters the relationship between Gamow-Teller and $(p, n)$ transition strengths. Using state-of-the-art nuclear shell-model calculations to evaluate this correction, we find that it lowers the $^{8}$ B and hep neutrino cross sections. However, the addition of other corrections, including contributions from near-threshold continuum states that radiatively decay, leads to an overall increase in the $^{8}$ B and hep cross sections of $\approx 10%$ relative to the values recommended by Bahcall. Uncertainties are propagated using Monte Carlo simulations.
↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thPLB(2025)·5 citations
11
Study of some properties of deconfined matter: Resummed perturbation theory and beyond
Sumit🇮🇳
The present thesis is devoted to the study of some of the features of the deconfined state of matter dubbed Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The different properties of the extreme matter that have been studied in this thesis are next-to-leading order dispersion properties for soft-moving quarks, screening masses of mesons, drag and diffusion properties of heavy quarks, the specific shear viscosity of QGP and energy loss of heavy quarks propagating in QGP background. The theoretical techniques which are utilized in order to study these properties are mainly hard thermal loop effective theory, which is required when one is interested in studying the soft scale physics of the underlined theory QCD at finite temperatures, and the other techniques, which are utilized here is the nonperturbative resummation approach dubbed as Gribov quantization. This nonperturbative resummation deals with the magnetic scale of the theory through the Gribov mass parameter.
↳ hep-phnucl-th0 citations
12
The impact of mass uncertainties on the r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers
S. Martinet · S. Goriely
Theoretical predictions of element yields from the rapid neutron capture (r-) process are subject to large uncertainties due to incomplete knowledge of nuclear properties and approximative hydrodynamical modeling of matter ejection. A major source of uncertainty in determining ejecta composition and radioactive decay heat is the lack of nuclear mass data for exotic neutron-rich nuclei produced during neutron irradiation. We examine both model (systematic) and parameter (statistical) uncertainties affecting nuclear mass predictions and their impact on r-process nucleosynthesis, and consequently, the composition of neutron star merger ejecta. To estimate the effect of model uncertainties, we consider five nuclear mass models that accurately describe known masses. We also use a backward-forward Monte Carlo method to estimate uncorrelated uncertainties from local variations in model parameters, constraining them to experimentally known masses before propagating them to unknown masses of neutron-rich nuclei. These mass uncertainties are then applied to a 1.38-1.38 M $_{⊙}$ neutron star merger model, considering a wide range of ejecta trajectories. We find that uncorrelated parameter uncertainties lead to ejected abundance uncertainties of 20% up to A $≃$ 130, 40% between A=150 and 200, with peaks around A $≃$ 140 and A $≃$ 203, leading to deviations of 100-300%. While correlated model uncertainties generally exceed parameter uncertainties for most nuclei, both have a significant impact on heavy element production. Overall, improvements in nuclear models are essential to reducing uncertainties in r-process predictions. Both correlated model uncertainties and coherent determination of parameter uncertainties are crucial for sensitivity analysis in r-process nucleosynthesis.
↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRnucl-thAstron.Astrophys.(2025)·5 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE