PaperPanorama

Nuclear Theory·nucl-th

Tuesday·November 26, 2024

17 papers8 primary·9 cross-listed

  1. 01

    Bayesian model mixing with multi-reference energy density functional

    Aman Sharma · Nicolas Schunck · Kyle Wendt

    Reliably predicting nuclear properties across the entire chart of isotopes is important for applications ranging from nuclear astrophysics to superheavy science to nuclear technology. To this day, however, all the theoretical models that can scale at the level of the chart of isotopes remain semi phenomenological. Because they are fitted locally, their predictive power can vary significantly; different versions of the same theory provide different predictions. Bayesian model mixing takes advantage of such imperfect models to build a local mixture of a set of models to make improved predictions. Earlier attempts to use Bayesian model mixing for mass table calculations relied on models treated at single-reference energy density functional level, which fail to capture some of the correlations caused by configuration mixing or the restoration of broken symmetries. In this study we have applied Bayesian model mixing techniques within a multi-reference energy density functional (MR-EDF) framework. We considered predictions of two-particle separation energies from particle number projection or angular momentum projection with four different energy density functionals - a total of eight different MR-EDF models. We used a hierarchical Bayesian stacking framework with a Dirichlet prior distribution over weights together with an inverse log-ratio transform to enable positive correlations between different models. We found that Bayesian model mixing provide significantly improved predictions over results from single MR-EDF calculations.

    nucl-thPRResearch(2025)·4 citations
  2. 02

    Reduced Basis Method for Few-body Bound State Emulation

    R. Y. Cheng · K. Godbey · Y. B. Niu · Y. G. Ma · W. B. He · S. M. Wang

    Recent advances in both theoretical and computational methods have enabled large-scale, precision calculations of the properties of atomic nuclei. With the growing complexity of modern nuclear theory, however, also comes the need for novel methods to perform systematic studies and quantify the uncertainties of models when confronted with experimental data. This study presents an application of such an approach, the reduced basis method, to substantially lower computational costs by constructing a significantly smaller Hamiltonian subspace informed by previous solutions. Our method shows comparable efficiency and accuracy to other dimensionality reduction techniques on an artificial three-body bound system while providing a richer representation of physical information in its projection and training subspace. This methodological advancement can be applied in other contexts and has the potential to greatly improve our ability to systematically explore theoretical models and thus enhance our understanding of the fundamental properties of nuclear systems.

    nucl-th2 citations
  3. 03

    A unified mechanism for the origin and evolution of nuclear magicity

    L. Heitz🇫🇷 · J.-P. Ebran🇫🇷 · E. Khan🇫🇷 · D. Verney🇫🇷

    A simple pattern of organisation, the nuclear shell structure, emerges from the complex interactions between nucleons in nuclei and determines, to some significant degree, nuclear structure properties. Recent experimental investigations of exotic nuclei revealed a shortfall in our current understanding of nuclear shell evolution and nuclear magicity. We introduce a novel perspective where the Dirac mass kinetic term, which stems from the singular participation of a spin-0 boson in the nuclear strong force, plays a pivotal role in generating the nuclear shell structure. Namely, the combination of the Dirac mass kinetic Term with the spin-orbit term redefines magic numbers both in stable and exotic nuclei. The identification of this mechanism allows to provide a broad understanding of the origin and evolution of nuclear magic numbers.

    nucl-th3 citations
  4. 04

    Three-nucleon force effects in polarization transfers from the doubly spin-polarized initial neutron-deuteron state to the outgoing neutron in neutron-deuteron scattering

    H. Witała · J. Golak · R. Skibiński · H. Sakai · K. Sekiguchi

    We discuss new spin observables presently accessible to measurement in the proton-deuteron (pd) system, namely polarization transfer coefficients from doubly spin-polarized initial state to the outgoing nucleon in the elastic nucleon-deuteron (Nd) scattering and in the nucleon-induced deuteron breakup reactions. The sensitivity of these observables to three-nucleon force (3NF) effects is investigated and compared to sensitivities of the constituent standard single polarization transfer coefficients in the neutron-deuteron (nd) system. in elastic nd scattering, for which large 3NF effects, up to 40\%, have been found at higher energies, seems the most promising observable to measure.

    nucl-thPRC(2025)·3 citations
  5. 05

    Critical fluid dynamics in two and three dimensions

    Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay🇺🇸 · Josh Ott🇺🇸 · Thomas Schaefer🇺🇸 · Vladimir V. Skokov🇺🇸

    We describe a numerical method for simulating stochastic fluid dynamics near a critical point in the Ising universality class. This theory is known as model H, and is expected to govern the non-equilibrium dynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) near a possible critical endpoint of the phase transition between a hadron liquid and the quark-gluon plasma. The numerical algorithm is based on a Metropolis scheme, and automatically ensures that the distribution function of the hydrodynamic variables in equilibrium is independent of the transport coefficients and only governed by the microscopic free energy. We verify dynamic scaling near the critical point of a two and three-dimensional fluid and extract the associated critical exponent . We find in three dimensions, and for a two-dimensional fluid. In a finite system, we observe a crossover between the mean field value and the true critical exponent ( in ). This crossover is governed by the values of the correlation length and the renormalized shear viscosity.

    nucl-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
  6. 06

    Improved structure of calcium isotopes from ab initio calculations

    M. Heinz · T. Miyagi · S. R. Stroberg · A. Tichai · K. Hebeler · A. Schwenk

    The in-medium similarity renormalization group (IMSRG) is a powerful and flexible many-body method to compute the structure of nuclei starting from nuclear forces. Recent developments have extended the IMSRG from its standard truncation at the normal-ordered two-body level, the IMSRG(2), to a precision approximation including normal-ordered three-body operators, the IMSRG(3)-. This improvement provides a more precise solution to the many-body problem and makes it possible to quantify many-body uncertainties in IMSRG calculations. We explore the structure of Ca using the IMSRG(3)-, focusing on understanding existing discrepancies of the IMSRG(2) to experimental results. We find a significantly better description of the first excitation energy of Ca, improving the description of the shell closure at . At the same time, we find that the IMSRG(3)- corrections to charge radii do not resolve the systematic underprediction of the puzzling large charge radius difference between Ca and Ca. We present estimates of many-body uncertainties of IMSRG(2) calculations applicable also to other systems based on the size extensivity of the method.

    nucl-thPRC(2025)·50 citations
  7. 07

    Robust correlation between binding energies and charge radii of mirror nuclei

    Y. Lei · N. A. Alam · Z. Z. Qin · M. Bao · K. Y. Zhang · C. Ma

    Using the charge density from the two-parameter Fermi model, a robust and nontrival correlation between binding energis and charge radii of mirror nuclei is newly proposed. This correlation enables simple yet reliable predictions of the nuclear mass and charge radius of proton-rich nuclei. The validity of these predictions is demonstrated by comparing the predicted binding energies and charge radii with experimental data and predictions from other models. All 197 predicted binding energies and 199 charge radii involved in the comparisons are tabulated in the Supplemental Materials of this paper. The noticeable discrepancies are attributed to the large asymmetry in charge densities of mirror nuclei, suggesting that the proposed correlation could be a sensitive probe for local structural anomaly, such as shell closure and proton halo. The difference in mass dependence of charge radii near the proton dripline compared to those along the -stability line supports the validity of our prediction method.

    nucl-thnucl-exIJMPE(2025)·0 citations
  8. 08

    Learning Hadron Emitting Sources with Deep Neural Networks

    Lingxiao Wang🇯🇵 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪

    The correlation function observed in high-energy collision experiments encodes critical information about the emitted source and hadronic interactions. While the proton-proton interaction potential is well constrained by nucleon-nucleon scattering data, these measurements offer a unique avenue to investigate the proton-emitting source, reflecting the dynamical properties of the collisions. In this Letter, we present an unbiased approach to reconstruct proton-emitting sources from experimental correlation functions. Within an automatic differentiation framework, we parameterize the source functions with deep neural networks, to compute correlation functions. This approach achieves a lower chi-squared value compared to conventional Gaussian source functions and captures the long-tail behavior, in qualitative agreement with simulation predictions.

    nucl-thhep-phCommun.Phys.(2026)·13 citations
  9. 09

    Lattice QCD and the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment

    Keh-Fei Liu🇺🇸

    The recent lattice QCD calculations of the neutron and proton electric dipole moments (EDMs) and the CP-violating coupling constant due to the term are reviewed. Progress towards nucleon EDM calculations, including the Weinberg three-gluon operator, and the quark chromoelectric dipole moment operator and their renormalization, is also discussed.

    hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-thAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2025)·15 citations
  10. 10

    Simple Scaling Laws for Energy Correlators in Nuclear Matter

    Carlota Andres🇺🇸 · Fabio Dominguez🇪🇸 · Jack Holguin🇬🇧 · Cyrille Marquet🇫🇷 · Ian Moult🇺🇸

    Collider experiments involving nuclei provide a direct means of studying exotic states of nuclear matter. Recent measurements of energy correlators in both proton-nucleus (p-A) and nucleus-nucleus (A-A) collisions reveal sizable modifications, attributable to nuclear effects, compared to proton-proton (p-p) collisions. Energy correlators, and their associated light-ray operator product expansion (OPE), allow scaling behaviors of the measured spectrum to be directly mapped to properties of the underlying quantum field theory. Here, we demonstrate for the first time how this mapping occurs in nuclear collisions, and highlight how the light-ray OPE characterizes leading nuclear effects. We show that the leading modification to the energy correlator distribution is characterized by an enhancement of the expectation value of twist-4 light-ray operators, resulting in a scaling for the ratio of the two-point correlator in nuclear matter to that in vacuum of up to quantum corrections. We verify that this leading twist-4 correction accurately describes recent A-A and p-A data, and is thus sufficient to capture the scaling behavior within the angular range measured for jet radii used in nuclear experiments. Our light-ray OPE based approach lays the groundwork for a rigorous characterization of nuclear modification to energy correlator observables.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRL(2026)·26 citations
  11. 11

    Kaon Distribution Functions from Empirical Information

    Zhen-Ni Xu🇨🇳 · Daniele Binosi🇮🇹 · Chen Chen🇨🇳 · Khépani Raya🇨🇳 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · José Rodríguez-Quintero🇨🇳

    Using available information from Drell-Yan data on pion and kaon structure functions, an approach is described which enables the development of pointwise profiles for all pion and kaon parton distribution functions (DFs) without reference to theories of hadron structure. The key steps are construction of structure-function-constrained probability-weighted ensembles of valence DF replicas and use of an evolution scheme for parton DFs that is all-orders exact. The DFs obtained express qualitatively sound features of light-meson structure, e.g., the effects of Higgs boson couplings into QCD and the size of heavy-quark momentum fractions in light hadrons. In order to improve the results, additional and more precise data on the -quark-in-kaon, , to -quark-in-pion, , DF ratio would be necessary. Of greater value would be extraction of alone, thereby avoiding inference from the ratio: currently, the data-based form of is materially influenced by results for .

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PLB(2025)·15 citations
  12. 12

    -mode oscillations of hybrid stars with pasta construction

    Zi-Yue Zheng · Jin-Biao Wei · Huan Chen · Xiao-Ping Zheng · G. F. Burgio · H.-J. Schulze

    We investigate nonradial -mode oscillations of hybrid neutron stars in full general relativity, employing hybrid equations of state describing a nuclear outer core and a pasta-phase transition to a quark-matter core. The validity of various universal relations is confirmed for those stars. Prospects of observations are also discussed.

    gr-qcnucl-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
  13. 13

    Finite-volume quantization condition from the representation

    Sebastian M. Dawid🇺🇸 · Andrew W. Jackura🇺🇸 · Adam P. Szczepaniak🇺🇸

    We propose a new model-independent method for determining hadronic resonances from lattice QCD. The formalism is derived from the general principles of unitarity and analyticity, as encoded in the representation of a partial-wave two-body amplitude. The associated quantization condition relates the finite-volume spectrum to the infinite-volume numerator, , used to reconstruct the scattering amplitude from dispersive relations. Unlike the original Lüscher condition, this new formalism is valid for energies coinciding with the left-hand cuts from arbitrary one- and multi-particle exchanges.

    hep-latnucl-thPLB(2025)·19 citations
  14. 14

    Towards a parameter-free determination of critical exponents and chiral phase transition temperature in QCD

    Sabarnya Mitra🇩🇪 · Frithjof Karsch🇩🇪 · Sipaz Sharma🇩🇪

    In order to quantify the universal properties of the chiral phase transition in (2+1)-flavor QCD, we make use of an improved, renormalized order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking which is obtained as a suitable difference of the -flavor light quark chiral condensate and its corresponding light quark susceptibility. Having no additive ultraviolet as well as multiplicative logarithmic divergences, we use ratios of this order parameter constructed from its values for two different light quark masses. We show that this facilitates determining in a parameter-independent manner, the chiral phase transition temperature and the associated critical exponent which, for sufficiently small values of the light quark masses, controls the quark mass dependence of the order parameter at . We present first results of these calculations from our numerical analysis performed with staggered fermions on lattices.

    hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-ex+1PoS(2025)·8 citations
  15. 15

    Analytical Solution of the Nonlinear Relativistic Boltzmann Equation

    Jin Hu🇨🇳

    We provide an exact analytical solution to the nonlinear relativistic Boltzmann equation for a homogeneous, anisotropically scattering massless gas. Utilizing a BKW-like trial solution, we cast the Boltzmann equation into a set of nonlinear coupled equations for scalar moments, based on which the analytical solution is derived. One remarkable feature of our analytical solution lies in the nontrivial scattering angle dependence. We also show that this analytical solution admits a stable fixed point corresponding to the equilibrium solution as long as the parameters are physically feasible. Furthermore, a clear correspondence between our solution and the BKW solution pertaining to nonrelativistic Maxwell molecules is established, thereby clarifying the non-existence of a BKW-type solution in the relativistic domain for massive particles.

    hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechgr-qchep-th+1JHEP(2025)·5 citations
  16. 16

    Luminosity predictions for the first three ionisation stages of W, Pt and Au to probe potential sources of emission in kilonova

    M. McCann · L. P. Mulholland · Z. Xiong · C. A. Ramsbottom · C. P. Ballance · O. Just · A. Bauswein · G. Martínez-Pinedo · F. McNeill · S. A. Sim

    A large number of R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation for heavy elements (Z > 70) have been performed in recent years for applications in fusion and astrophysics research. With the expanding interest in heavy ions due to kilonova (KN) events such as AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi, this new data can be utilised for the diagnosis and study of observed KN spectra. In this work recently computed electron-impact excitation effective collision strengths are used, for the first three ionisation stages of tungsten (W, Z = 74), platinum (Pt, Z = 78) and gold (Au, Z = 79), to construct basic collisional radiative models tailored for the late stage nebular phases of KN. Line luminosities are calculated at a range of electron temperatures and densities and the strengths of these lines for a representative ion mass are compared. For the case of W III, these optically thin intensities are additionally used to constrain the mass of this ion in both AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi. Comparing with theoretical predictions of nucleosynthesis yields from neutron-star merger simulations, broad agreement with the inferred ion masses of W is found. Furthermore, we highlight the value of W measurements by showing that the abundance of other groups of elements and outflow properties are constrained by exploiting theoretically motivated correlations between the abundance of W and that of lanthanides or third r-process peak elements. Based on simple estimates, we also show that constraints on the distribution of tungsten in the ejecta may be accessible through the line shape, which may also yield information on the neutron-star merger remnant evolution.

    physics.atom-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thMNRAS(2025)·5 citations
  17. 17

    Gluons in the and in nucleon resonances

    Steven D. Bass🇵🇱

    We discuss the role of gluon dynamics in physics and in nucleon resonances where excitations of gluonic potentials may also be important. Interesting phenomenology includes a possible narrow near threshold resonance in photoproduction and whether the parity doublets observed in the higher mass nucleon resonance spectrum might be hinting at a possible second minimum in the confinement potential corresponding to supercritical confinement.

    hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·0 citations

Affiliations

first authorsco-authorsvia INSPIRE