Tue·Nov 18, 2025Tuesday·November 18, 2025

1. 01*

   First Measurement of ${\pi }^{+}$-Ar and $p$-Ar Total Inelastic Cross Sections in the Sub-GeV Energy Regime with ProtoDUNE-SP Data

   DUNE Collaboration: S. Abbaslu · F. Abd Alrahman · A. Abed Abud · R. Acciarri · L. P. Accorsi · M. A. Acero · M. R. Adames · G. Adamov · M. Adamowski · C. Adriano · F. Akbar · F. Alemanno and 1340 other authors

   The ProtoDUNE-SP detector, a kiloton-scale prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector, is the largest liquid argon time projection chamber built to date. Operated at CERN from 2018 to 2020, it collected both cosmic-ray data and a beam consisting of positively-charged particles with discrete momentum settings across a range of 0.3 GeV/$c$ to 7 GeV/$c$. In this letter, we report the total inelastic cross section measurements for ${\pi }^{+}$--Ar and $p$--Ar interactions using selected ${\pi }^{+}$ and proton samples from the 1 GeV/$c$ beam data, spanning kinetic energies of 500--900~MeV and below 450~MeV, respectively. These energy ranges are directly relevant to hadrons produced in DUNE. The measured cross sections are consistent with predictions and provide a dataset that was previously unavailable for argon targets. These measurements are essential for constraining neutrino-argon interaction models and achieving the precision physics goals of the upcoming DUNE experiment.

   nucl-exhep-ex7 citations
2. 02*

   Hofstadter-Herman Visualization as a Diagnostic Tool for Systematic Effects in Electromagnetic Form Factor Extractions

   Tyler Williams🇺🇸 · Jennifer Rittenhouse West🇮🇹 · Douglas W. Higinbotham🇺🇸 · Fatiha Benmokhtar (Contact person)🇺🇸

   The internal charge and magnetization distributions of the proton are characterized by electromagnetic form factors GE and GM. They are experimentally extracted via Rosenbluth separation, which measures the elastic scattering of electrons and protons at multiple beam energies and angles at fixed momentum transfer Q2. Conventionally, form factor values are obtained by plotting reduced cross sections against the virtual photon polarization parameter epsilon and then extracting the slope and intercept of the best fit lines. An alternative visualization method, proposed by Hofstadter and Herman in 1960, plots GM2 vs. GE2 curves instead. The best fit values of GE2 and GM2 are immediately visible from the intersection region of the curves and their uncertainty bands. In this work, we apply both conventional and Hofstadter-Herman visualizations to classic 1994 SLAC elastic scattering data. We demonstrate that the Hofstadter-Herman method reveals previously obscured regions of form factor parameter space and highlights subtle experimental discrepancies among data sets. Our results motivate adopting this visualization method as a routine diagnostic cross-check at the Electron-Ion Collider and elsewhere to flag normalization shifts and related adjustments before they enter global fits.

   nucl-exhep-exhep-th2 citations
3. 03*

   Finding Trafficked Radiological Materials via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering

   Brianna N Ryan🇺🇸 · Harold Douglas Pinckney D Pinckney🇺🇸 · Michael P Short🇺🇸 · Joseph A Formaggio🇺🇸

   The potential to use neutrinos for nuclear non-proliferation has been heavily debated due to the tension between production abundance and low interaction rate. A newly detected neutrino interaction channel, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS), could potentially end this debate due to its improved cross-section compared to other neutrino interactions. This paper presents a feasibility study for the use of CE$\nu$NS superconducting detectors to find trafficked radiological materials. To do this, we calculated the minimal activity required for situational detection under ideal conditions, without background, at 95% confidence level. This analysis was performed for four commonly smuggled radioisotopes: ${}^{137}$Cs, ${}^{109}$Cd, ${}^{192}$Ir, and ${}^{57}$Co. Using these results, we conclude that CE$\nu$NS could be used to discover trafficked ${}^{137}$Cs sources with an activity above the PBq level, but that it is not applicable for finding other radioactive sources. This framework can also be applied to other nuclear security concerns, such as safeguarding generation IV nuclear reactors.

   ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-ex0 citations
4. 04*

   Prospects for a Solid-State Nuclear Clock

   Steven M. Girvin (Yale)🇺🇸 · Leo Radzihovsky (CU Boulder)

   Motivated by recent experimental breakthroughs toward a realization of a solid-state Thorium-229 nuclear clock, we review the technology, basic physics motivation, and limitations of the present generation of atomic clocks. We then discuss prospects for a new generation of clocks based on an anomalous low-energy 8.4 eV nuclear transition in Th-229, with an extremely long lifetime of 641 seconds when doped into CaF crystals. To realize such solid-state nuclear clocks one must confront basic nuclear, AMO, and solid state physics questions. Key challenges are understanding and minimizing the effects of inhomogeneous broadening, associated with strains and electric field gradients due to both the Th dopants and intrinsic crystal defects.

   ↳ physics.atom-phcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.othernucl-ex+13 citations
5. 05*

   Medium modification of the charge-weighted Energy-Energy Correlators in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$~TeV

   Han-Yao Liu · Shi-Yong Chen · Wei Dai · Ben-Wei Zhang

   We present a systematic study of medium-induced modifications in charge-dependent jet substructure using the charge-weighted Energy-Energy Correlators (EEC) in p+p and 0-10\% central Pb+Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Charged hadron jets as well as flavor separated quark and gluon-initiated jets with momentum 40-60 GeV and R=0.4 are analyzed. The ratio of the charge-weighted distribution to the inclusive EEC, which reflects the magnitude of charge correlations, is consistently negative, demonstrating the dominance of opposite-charge pairs due to charge conservation. In Pb+Pb collisions, significant medium modifications are observed. The A+A to p+p ratio for charge correlations exhibits a universal pattern across jet types, showing no flavor dependence. Jet quenching enhances opposite-charge correlations at small angles while reducing them at large angles, leading to a steeper angular distance RL dependence of charge correlations in A+A, indicating a more rapid decorrelation behavior as RL increases. A distinctive V-shaped modification pattern appears in the plateau-like enhancement in the transition and small-RL region, independent of jet flavor. Through factorization of the EEC into charged hadron pair multiplicity and average energy weighting distributions, we identify enhanced energy weighting of opposite-charge pairs at small RL as the origin of the V-shaped modification. Also, the plateau-like enhancement of charge correlations is found to be unrelated to selection bias effects.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exCPC(2026)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Exploring the production of Terbium-161 in the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor

   Fernando Cozim Melges · Jhonatha Ricardo Santos · Luiz Paulo de Oliveira · Alexandre Pinho dos Santos Souza · Carlos Gabriel Santos da Silva · Iberê Souza Ribeiro Júnior · Barbara Perez Gonçalves Silva · Marco Antonio Stanojev Pereira · Frederico Antonio Genezini

   The Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB) was conceived to meet national needs for radioisotope production, materials irradiation testing, and neutron beam applications. In addition to its 30~MW pool-type reactor, the RMB complex will include additional facilities for radioisotope production and related applications. ${}^{161}Tb$ is a promising radionuclide for radiopharmaceutical therapy, offering decay properties similar to ${}^{177}Lu$ but with additional conversion and Auger electrons that enhance dose delivery to cancer cells. In light of this emerging radioisotope, this study explores the potential production of ${}^{161}Tb$ in the RMB through neutron irradiation of enriched $G{d}_2{O}_3$ targets. Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulations provided detailed neutron flux distributions, which were used as input for ORIGEN calculations of isotope buildup. Assuming 10 mg targets enriched to 97.5% in ${}^{160}Gd$, a 40-day irradiation, and a thermal flux of $2\cdot 10^{14}$ $n/c{m}^{2}s$, the results indicate that ${}^{161}Tb$ activity reaches approximately 4.5 GBq after 14 days ($\approx 450GBq/g$), in agreement with data from other research reactors. Building on prior studies that demonstrated the RMB's capability to irradiate larger targets, terabecquerel-scale yields appear feasible. These findings highlight the RMB's potential to support domestic production of emerging therapeutic radionuclides such as ${}^{161}Tb$. The potential for isotopic enrichment of ${}^{160}Gd$ using the AVLIS method is also discussed.

   ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-exnucl-thphysics.med-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Design and commissioning of the miniBELEN neutron counter for the study of $(\alpha ,n)$ reactions

   Nil Mont-Geli (1) · Ariel Tarifeño-Saldivia (2) · Max Pallàs (1) · Ángel Perea (5) · Luis Mario Fraile (3) · Guillem Cortés (1) · Sílvia Viñals (4) · José Luis Tain (2) · Gastón Garcia (4) · Daniel Soler (1) · Odette Alonso-Sañudo (2) · María José G. Borge (5) and 18 other authors

   The miniBELEN detector is a moderated neutron counter based on the use of ${}^3$He tubes and high-density polyethylene as moderator. The detector has been designed to have a neutron detection efficiency that is nearly independent from the initial neutron energy for ($\alpha$,n) reactions with alpha-particle energies up to 15 MeV. In order to achieve that, an innovative design methodology based on the use of cadmium neutron filters has been used. Monte Carlo calculations of the detector response have been validated using a ${}^{252}$Cf fission source. Measurements of the relatively well-known ($\alpha$,n) thick-target yields on aluminum have been found to be consistent with data from previous works. A method has been developed to correlate the counting rate ring ratios with the mean neutron energy and validated using previous time-of-flight measurements of the aluminum ($\alpha$,n) spectra and with a ${}^{252}$Cf fission source. Submitted to The European Physical Journal - Plus

   ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-exEur.Phys.J.Plus(2026)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.