Tue·Jul 22, 2025Tuesday·July 22, 2025

1. 01*

   On the Impossibility of Obtaining Time-Independent, Three-Dimensional, Spherically-Symmetric Densities of Confined Systems of Relativistically Moving Constituents

   Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

   The quantum mechanical definition of probability, the uncertainty principle and Poincare invariance provide strong basic restrictions on the ability to define spatial densities associated with form factors describing the properties of confined systems of relativistically moving constituents. Despite this, many papers ignore one or more of these restrictions. Here I show how to obtain time-independent, two-dimensional densities that are consistent with the stated restrictions. This is done using the light-front, infinite momentum frame formalism. Two-dimensional density interpretations of the axial-vector form factor and all three gravitational form factors are obtained. Additionally, an expression of a two-dimensional mass density related to the trace of the energy momentum tensor is obtained. I also show that all known methods for finding three-dimensional densities: using the Breit frame, Abel transformations, Wigner distributions and spherically-symmetric wave packets with vanishing spatial extent violate the basic restrictions in different manners. Furthermore, the use of the latter leads to densities that vanish almost everywhere in space as time increases from an initial value.

   ↳ hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Sources of Radial Flow Fluctuations in the Quark-Gluon Plasma

   Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸

   The differential radial flow fluctuation $v_0(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ has emerged as a new probe of the quark-gluon plasma. However, its characteristic rise-and-fall pattern with $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, resembling anisotropic flow, remains unexplained. I introduce a momentum rescaling framework that factorizes $v_0(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ into kinematic and dynamical components: $v_0(p_{\mathrm{T}})/v_0=-[d\ln ⟨n(p_{\mathrm{T}})⟩/d\ln p_{\mathrm{T}}+1]\times g(p_{\mathrm{T}})$. The first factor, determined by spectral shape, generates the rise-and-fall pattern as the spectra transition from exponential to power-law behavior. The dynamical component $g(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ isolates $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-dependent dynamics: $<1$ signals suppressed fluctuations, $>1$ indicates enhancement. Analysis of LHC data reveals $g(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ deviates from unity by 20-40% in central collisions. Predictions for RHIC show that spectral shape alone generates the rise-and-fall baseline pattern with substantial energy dependence. This framework enables tighter medium property constraints by separating kinematic from dynamical effects, with broad applications to anisotropic flow and higher-order radial flow fluctuations.

   ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRL(2026)·11 citations
3. 03*

   Bayesian Inference of Nuclear-Matter Density from Proton Scattering

   J.C. Zamora🇺🇸

   Background: Proton elastic scattering at intermediate energy is widely employed as a tool for determining the matter radius of atomic nuclei. The sensitivity of the approach relies on high-resolution measurements at small scattering angles and low-momentum transfer. Under these conditions, the Glauber multiple scattering theory accurately describes the proton-nucleus elastic cross section. Purpose: Investigate the sensitivity of the Glauber multiple scattering theory to uncertainties associated with input parameters such as the nuclear-matter density distribution and nucleon-nucleon data. Method: A joint Bayesian inference was performed using 12 angular distributions of elastic scattering at different energies on ${}^{58}$Ni, ${}^{90}$Zr, and ${}^{208}$Pb targets. A Metropolis-Hastings algorithm was implemented to make an uncertainty quantification analysis for the input parameters used in the Glauber multiple scattering theory. Results: The experimental cross sections were fitted simultaneously using a joint Bayesian inference approach. Posterior probability density distributions of 42 input parameters were obtained from the analysis. A moderate correlation between the nuclear density parameters and the nucleon-nucleon cross sections was found. This correlation impacts the extraction of the nuclear-matter radius. Conclusions: The present analysis provided a consistent method for extracting the nuclear-matter density distribution of ${}^{58}$Ni, ${}^{90}$Zr, and ${}^{208}$Pb from data across different incident energies. Due to the correlation of the nucleon-nucleon cross sections with the other input parameters, a constrained Bayesian inference using free nucleon-nucleon cross section data was performed. The nuclear-matter radii obtained from the analysis are in good agreement with multiple results reported in the literature

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2025)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Timelike electromagnetic form factors of hyperons at large $q^2$

   G. Ramalho🇰🇷 · M.T. Peña🇵🇹 · K. Tsushima🇧🇷 · Myung-Ki Cheoun🇰🇷

   In the last few years there has been considerable progress in the study of the electromagnetic form factors of baryons in the timelike region, through electron-positron scattering, with increasing squared transfer momentum $q^2$. The modulus of the electric ($G_E$) and magnetic ($G_M$) form factors has been measured for nucleons, hyperons and other baryons at BaBar, CLEO, Belle and BESIII. The novel measurements motivated the extension of a covariant quark model, developed to the spacelike region ($q^2\le 0$), to the timelike region, without any further parameter fitting. The extension is based on asymptotic relations derived from analyticity and unitarity, valid for the large-$q^2$ region. We use the model to make predictions for the effective form factor $|G|$ (combination of $G_E$ and $G_M$) and the ratio $|G_E/G_M|$ for spin 1/2 hyperons at large $q^2$ (above 10 GeV${}^2$). Our calculations are in good agreement with the data from CLEO and BESIII for $\Lambda$, ${\Sigma }^{+}$ and ${\Xi }^{-}$ above $q^2=15$ GeV${}^2$. Upcoming data for ${\Sigma }^0$, ${\Sigma }^{-}$ and ${\Xi }^{-}$ at large $q^2$ may be used to further test our predictions. We also compare our model calculations with the scarce available data for $|G_E/G_M|$. We conclude that the present $q^2$ range is not large enough to test our calculations, but that a more definitive test can be made by experiments above $q^2=20$ GeV${}^2$.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-exPoS(2026)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Radiative corrections to the parity-violating spin asymmetry

   D.H.Jakubassa-Amundsen🇩🇪 · X.Roca-Maza🇪🇸

   The parity-violating spin asymmetry Apv for elastic electron scattering from spin-zero nuclei, together with its QED corrections, is evaluated non-perturbatively within the phase-shift analysis. Dispersion corrections, taking into account low-lying transient nuclear excitations, are estimated with the help of the lowest-order $\gamma Z$ box diagrams. Collision energies between 5 $-$ 500 MeV are considered, and results are provided for the ${}^{12}$C and ${}^{208}$Pb target nuclei. In addition, we have evaluated Apv at GeV energies and small scattering angles -- relevant for the Pb Radius Experiment (PREx) -- revealing that the low-lying nuclear excited states give no measurable dispersive contribution. However, they are important at lower energies and backward angles.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2026)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Spin correlations and Bell nonlocality in $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ pair production from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions with a thrust cut

   Shi-Jia Lin🇨🇳 · Ming-Jun Liu🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Shu-Yi Wei🇨🇳

   We present a comprehensive theoretical study of spin correlations in $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ production from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation, providing the theoretical predictions for the Belle II experiment. Using soft-collinear effective theory, we perform the first resummation of large logarithms for the longitudinal ($C_{LL}$) and transverse ($C_{TT}$) spin correlations for events with a cut on the thrust variable. Our calculation achieves next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and incorporates the determination of polarized fragmenting jet functions. This framework provides robust predictions with significantly reduced theoretical uncertainties compared to fixed-order parton model approaches. Furthermore, we establish a direct mapping between the experimentally accessible spin correlation, $C_{TT}$, and a testable CHSH-Bell inequality. This result reframes $C_{TT}$ as a quantitative probe of quantum decoherence, providing a novel tool to measure the degree of parton-level entanglement that survives the fragmentation and hadronization process.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2025)·31 citations
7. 07*

   Cryogenic light detectors with thermal signal amplification for $0\nu \beta \beta$ search experiments

   A. Armatol🇫🇷 · A.S. Barabash🇷🇺 · D. Baudin🇫🇷 · V. Berest🇫🇷 · M. Beretta🇺🇸 · L. Bergé🇫🇷 · M. Buchynska🇫🇷 · J.M. Calvo-Mozota🇪🇸 · C. Capelli🇨🇭 · P. Carniti🇮🇹 · M. Chapellier🇫🇷 · I. Dafinei🇮🇹 and 35 other authors

   As a step towards the realization of cryogenic-detector experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (such as CROSS, BINGO, and CUPID), we investigated a batch of 10 Ge light detectors (LDs) assisted by Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) signal amplification. Each LD was assembled with a large cubic light-emitting crystal (45 mm side) using the recently developed CROSS mechanical structure. The detector array was operated at milli-Kelvin temperatures in a pulse-tube cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. We achieved good performance with scintillating bolometers from CROSS, made of Li${}_2$${}^{100}$MoO${}_4$ crystals and used as reference detectors of the setup, and with all LDs tested (except for a single device that encountered an electronics issue). No leakage current was observed for 8 LDs with an electrode bias up to 100 V. Operating the LDs at an 80 V electrode bias applied in parallel, we obtained a gain of around 9 in the signal-to-noise ratio of these devices, allowing us to achieve a baseline noise RMS of $O$(10 eV). Thanks to the strong current polarization of the temperature sensors, the time response of the devices was reduced to around half a millisecond in rise time. The achieved performance of the LDs was extrapolated via simulations of pile-up rejection capability for several configurations of the CUPID detector structure. Despite the sub-optimal noise conditions of the LDs (particularly at high frequencies), we demonstrated that the NTL technology provides a viable solution for background reduction in CUPID.

   ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exnucl-exJINST(2026)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Quantum Scaling in Energy Correlators Beyond the Confinement Transition

   Cyuan-Han Chang🇺🇸 · Hao Chen🇺🇸 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · David Simmons-Duffin🇺🇸 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

   We study the QCD scaling behavior of the small-angle Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC), focusing on the transition between its perturbative pre-confinement and non-perturbative post-confinement regimes. Applying the light-ray Operator Product Expansion (OPE), we develop a formalism that describes the scaling of the EEC with the input energy $Q$ in the transition and the post-confinement region, where the latter quantum scaling is determined by the $J=5$ DGLAP anomalous dimension. A key result of our work is a novel connection between the light-ray OPE and the dihadron fragmentation function (DFF), where we show that the non-perturbative OPE coefficients correspond to moments of the DFF. This finding establishes a new paradigm for studying hadronization. Our theoretical predictions are validated against Monte Carlo simulations for both $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and $pp$ collisions, showing excellent agreement. The potential role of the quantum scaling in the precision determination of ${\alpha }_s$ is also discussed.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRL(2026)·30 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.