Tue·Mar 11, 2025Tuesday·March 11, 2025

1. 01*

   Novel concept for low-energy antineutron production and its application for antineutron scattering experiments

   Alessandra Filippi🇮🇹 · Hiroyuki Fujioka🇯🇵 · Takashi Higuchi🇯🇵 · Luca Venturelli🇮🇹

   Extensive data of antiproton scattering cross sections with protons and nuclei have advanced our understanding of hadronic interactions with antinucleons. However, low-energy antineutron scattering data are scarce, thereby limiting our understanding of the S-wave antinucleon-nucleon and antinucleon-nucleus interactions. We present a novel production scheme of extremely low-energy antineutrons that could remedy this situation. This method is based on backward charge-exchange reaction ($p\bar{p}\to n\bar{n}$), and can reach the lowest momentum of 9 MeV/c, which would be well suited to study of the S-wave antinucleon-nucleon or antinucleon-nucleus interactions.

   nucl-exhep-exnucl-thphysics.ins-det5 citations
2. 02*

   Study of deeply virtual Compton scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider

   Elke-Caroline Aschenauer🇺🇸 · Varvara Batozskaya🇵🇱 · Salvatore Fazio🇮🇹 · Alexander Jentsch🇺🇸 · Jihee Kim🇺🇸 · Krešimir Kumerički🇭🇷 · Herve Moutarde🇫🇷 · Kornelija Passek-K.🇭🇷 · Daria Sokhan🇬🇧 · Hubert Spiesberger🇩🇪 · Paweł Sznajder🇵🇱 · Kemal Tezgin🇺🇸

   This study presents the impact of future measurements of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) with the ePIC detector at the electron-ion collider (EIC), currently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The considered process is sensitive to generalized parton distributions (GPDs), the understanding of which is a cornerstone of the EIC physics programme. Our study marks a milestone in the preparation of DVCS measurements at EIC and provides a reference point for future analyses. In addition to presenting distributions of basic kinematic variables obtained with the latest ePIC design and simulation software, we examine the impact of future measurements on the understanding of nucleon tomography and DVCS Compton form factors, which are directly linked to GPDs. We also assess the impact of radiative corrections and background contribution arising from exclusive ${\pi }^0$ production.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Hadron Structure: Perspective and Insights

   Daniele Binosi🇮🇹 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · Zhao-Qian Yao🇨🇳

   The bulk of visible mass is supposed to emerge from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. Following years of development and refinement, continuum and lattice Schwinger function methods have recently joined in revealing the three pillars that support this emergent hadron mass (EHM); namely, a nonzero gluon mass-scale, a process-independent effective charge, and dressed-quarks with constituent-like masses. One may argue that EHM and confinement are inextricably linked; and theory is now working to expose their manifold expressions in hadron observables and highlight the types of measurements that can be made in order to validate the paradigm. This contribution sketches the role played by EHM in shaping hadron electromagnetic and gravitational form factors, exciting nucleon resonances, and moulding hadron parton distributions.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PoS(2025)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Machine Learning for Single-Ended Event Reconstruction in PROSPECT Experiment

   M. Andriamirado🇺🇸 · A. B. Balantekin🇺🇸 · C. D. Bass🇺🇸 · O. Benevides Rodrigues🇺🇸 · E. P. Bernard🇺🇸 · N. S. Bowden🇺🇸 · C. D. Bryan🇺🇸 · R. Carr🇺🇸 · T. Classen🇺🇸 · A. J. Conant🇺🇸 · G. Deichert🇺🇸 · A. Delgado🇺🇸 and 34 other authors

   The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, was a segmented antineutrino detector that successfully operated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge, TN, during its 2018 run. Despite challenges with photomultiplier tube base failures affecting some segments, innovative machine learning approaches were employed to perform position and energy reconstruction, and particle classification. This work highlights the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks and graph convolutional networks in enhancing data analysis. By leveraging these techniques, a 3.3\% increase in effective statistics was achieved compared to traditional methods, showcasing their potential to improve analysis performance. Furthermore, these machine learning methodologies offer promising applications for other segmented particle detectors, underscoring their versatility and impact.

   ↳ physics.data-anhep-exnucl-exphysics.ins-detJINST(2025)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Deuterium-deuterium fusion charged particle detection using CR-39 and Deep Learning Model

   Yuxing Wang · Allan Xi Chen · Matthew Salazar · Nawar Abdalla · Zhifei Li🇨🇳 · Benjamin Wrixon

   CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors are widely used in fusion research for detecting charged particles produced in fusion reactions. However, analyzing increasingly complex and large-scale CR-39 track images to extract meaningful information can be a tedious and time-consuming process, often prone to human errors and bias. To address these challenges, we developed an AI-based classification model capable of differentiating protons, tritons, and helions produced during D-D fusion, using CR-39 track images as input data. The CR-39 track images were processed and used to train a deep learning model. By preprocessing the track images for noise reduction and feature enhancement, we trained the YOLOv8 [1][2] network to distinguish the three particle types with high accuracy. The proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of over 96%, demonstrating its potential for improving automated track analysis in CR-39 detectors. Additionally, the model precisely identifies particle coordinates and counts, enabling comprehensive particle analysis. This study highlights the application of AI in track detection and classification, offering a robust solution for particle identification in CR-39 detector-based experiments.

   ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exnucl-exRadiat.Meas.(2025)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Parton distribution functions of ground state mesons composed of $c$ or $b$ quarks

   Qian Wu🇨🇳 · Zhu-Fang Cui🇨🇳 · Jorge Segovia🇪🇸

   The valence quark parton distribution functions (PDFs) of all ground state heavy mesons that composed of $b$ or $c$ quarks, are discussed; namely, the pseudoscalar ${\eta }_c(1S)$, ${\eta }_b(1S)$ and $B_c$, together with the corresponding vector ones, $J/\psi$, ${\rm Y}(1S)$ and $B_c^{\ast }$. We use a QCD-inspired constituent quark model, which has been applied with success to conventional heavy mesons, so that one advantage here is that all parameters have already been fixed by previous studies. The wave functions of the heavy mesons in the rest frame are obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation, then boosted to its light-front based on Susskind's Lorentz transformation. The PDFs at the hadron scale, are then obtained by integrating out the transverse momenta of the modulus square of the light-front wave function. Our study shows how the valence quark distributions differ between pseudoscalar and vector mesons, as well as among charmonia, bottomonia and bottom-charmed mesons. Comparisons with other theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDFs obtained herein are in general narrower but align well with the expected patterns. Moreover, each PDF's point-wise behavior is squeezed with respect to the scale-free parton-like PDF.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Role of the isovector spin-orbit potential in mitigating the CREX-PREX dilemma

   Athul Kunjipurayil🇺🇸 · Marc Salinas🇺🇸 · J. Piekarewicz🇺🇸

   Pioneering electroweak measurements of the neutron skin thickness in lead-208 and calcium-48 are challenging our understanding of nuclear dynamics. Many theoretical models suggest that the slope of the symmetry energy controls the development of a neutron skin in neutron-rich nuclei. This led to the expectation that if lead-208 exhibits a large neutron skin, calcium-48 should as well. Given that the PREX collaboration reported a relatively thick neutron skin in lead, we anticipated that calcium would also have a significant neutron skin. Instead, the CREX collaboration reported a thin neutron skin in calcium. Although many suggestions have been proposed, the ``CREX-PREX dilemma" remains unsolved. Recently, an intriguing scenario has emerged, suggesting that an enhanced isovector spin-orbit interaction could simultaneously account for both results. Following this approach, we performed relativistic mean-field calculations with an increased isovector spin-orbit potential. Our findings indicate that while this modification significantly affects the structure of calcium-48, it has only a marginal impact on lead-208, thereby bringing the results into better agreement with experiment. However, the strong enhancement required to mitigate the CREX-PREX dilemma destroys the agreement with a successful spin-orbit phenomenology, primarily by modifying the well-known ordering of spin-orbit partners.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2025)·15 citations
8. 08*

   The SHMS 11 GeV/c Spectrometer in Hall C at Jefferson Lab

   S. Ali · A. Ahmidouch · G.R. Ambrose · A. Asaturyan · C. Ayerbe Gayoso · J. Benesch · V. Berdnikov · H. Bhatt · D. Bhetuwal · D. Biswas · P. Brindza · M. Bukhari and 63 other authors

   The Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) has been built for Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). With a momentum capability reaching 11 GeV/c, the SHMS provides measurements of charged particles produced in electron-scattering experiments using the maximum available beam energy from the upgraded Jefferson Lab accelerator. The SHMS is an ion-optics magnetic spectrometer comprised of a series of new superconducting magnets which transport charged particles through an array of triggering, tracking, and particle-identification detectors that measure momentum, energy, angle and position in order to allow kinematic reconstruction of the events back to their origin at the scattering target. The detector system is protected from background radiation by a sophisticated shielding enclosure. The entire spectrometer is mounted on a rotating support structure which permits measurements to be taken with a large acceptance over laboratory scattering angles from 5.5 to 40 degrees, thus allowing a wide range of low cross-section experiments to be conducted. These experiments complement and extend the previous Hall C research program to higher energies.

   ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-exNucl.Instrum.Meth.A(2026)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.