Wed·Dec 13, 2023Wednesday·December 13, 2023

1. 01*

   Precise Mass Measurements of $A=133$ Isobars with the Canadian Penning Trap: Resolving the $Q_{{\beta }^{-}}$ anomaly at ${}^{133}$Te

   A.A. Valverde · F.G. Kondev · B. Liu · D. Ray · M. Brodeur · D.P. Burdette · N. Callahan · A. Cannon · J.A. Clark · D.E.M. Hoff · R. Orford · W.S. Porter · K.S. Sharma · L. Varriano

   We report precision mass measurements of ${}^{133}$Sb, ${}^{133g,m}$Te, and ${}^{133g,m}$I, produced at CARIBU at Argonne National Laboratory's ATLAS facility and measured using the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer. These masses clarify an anomaly in the ${}^{133}$Te $\beta$-decay. The masses reported in the 2020 Atomic Mass Evaluation (M. Wang et al., 2021) produce $Q_{{\beta }^{-}}{(}^{133}$Te)=2920(6) keV; however, the highest-lying ${}^{133}$I level populated in this decay is observed at $E_i=2935.83(15)$ keV, resulting in an anomalous $Q_{{\beta }^{-}}^i=-16(6)$~keV. Our new measurements give $Q_{{\beta }^{-}}{(}^{133}\text{Te})=2934.8(11)$ keV, a factor of five more precise, yielding $Q{}_{\beta }^i=-1.0(12)$~keV, a 3$\sigma$ shift from the previous results. This resolves this anomaly, but indicates further anomalies in our understanding of the structure of this isotope.

   nucl-exPLB(2024)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Search for anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions with ALICE

   Chun-Zheng Wang (for the ALICE Collaboration)🇨🇳

   The interplay between the chiral anomaly and the strong magnetic or vortical fields created in noncentral heavy-ion collisions can lead to various anomalous chiral effects in the quark--gluon plasma, including the chiral magnetic effect (CME), the chiral magnetic wave (CMW), and the chiral vortical effect (CVE). In this proceeding, recent ALICE measurements of these effects are summarized. Utilizing Event Shape Engineering, fractions of CME and CMW signals extracted in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV are consistent with zero within uncertainties. The CVE is studied using azimuthal correlations between baryon pair $\Lambda$--p with $\Lambda$--h and h--h as reference. These measurements provide new insights into the experimental search for anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions.

   nucl-exhep-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Measurement of flow coefficients in high-multiplicity $p$+Au, $d$+Au and ${}^3$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$=200 GeV

   STAR Collaboration: M. I. Abdulhamid · B. E. Aboona · J. Adam · L. Adamczyk · J. R. Adams · I. Aggarwal · M. M. Aggarwal · Z. Ahammed · E. C. Aschenauer · S. Aslam · J. Atchison · V. Bairathi and 355 other authors

   Flow coefficients ($v_2$ and $v_3$) are measured in high-multiplicity $p$+Au, $d$+Au, and ${}^3$He$+$Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The measurements utilize two-particle correlations with a pseudorapidity requirement of $|\eta |<$ 0.9 and a pair gap of $|\Delta \eta |>1.0$. The primary focus is on analysis methods, particularly the subtraction of non-flow contributions. Four established non-flow subtraction methods are applied to determine $v_n$, validated using the HIJING event generator. $v_n$ values are compared across the three collision systems at similar multiplicities; this comparison cancels the final state effects and isolates the impact of initial geometry. While $v_2$ values show differences among these collision systems, $v_3$ values are largely similar, consistent with expectations of subnucleon fluctuations in the initial geometry. The ordering of $v_n$ differs quantitatively from previous measurements using two-particle correlations with a larger rapidity gap, which, according to model calculations, can be partially attributed to the effects of longitudinal flow decorrelations. The prospects for future measurements to improve our understanding of flow decorrelation and subnucleonic fluctuations are also discussed.

   nucl-exPRC(2024)·26 citations
4. 04*

   Element abundance patterns in stars indicate fission of nuclei heavier than uranium

   Ian U. Roederer🇺🇸 · Nicole Vassh🇨🇦 · Erika M. Holmbeck🇺🇸 · Matthew R. Mumpower🇺🇸 · Rebecca Surman🇺🇸 · John J. Cowan · Timothy C. Beers🇺🇸 · Rana Ezzeddine🇺🇸 · Anna Frebel🇺🇸 · Terese T. Hansen · Vinicius M. Placco🇺🇸 · Charli M. Sakari

   The heaviest chemical elements are naturally produced by the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) during neutron star mergers or supernovae. The r-process production of elements heavier than uranium (transuranic nuclei) is poorly understood and inaccessible to experiments, so must be extrapolated using nucleosynthesis models. We examine element abundances in a sample of stars that are enhanced in r-process elements. The abundances of elements Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag (atomic numbers Z = 44 to 47, mass numbers A = 99 to 110) correlate with those of heavier elements (63 <= Z <= 78, A > 150). There is no correlation for neighboring elements (34 <= Z <= 42 and 48 <= Z <= 62). We interpret this as evidence that fission fragments of transuranic nuclei contribute to the abundances. Our results indicate that neutron-rich nuclei with mass numbers >260 are produced in r-process events.

   ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEnucl-ex+1Science(2023)·19 citations
5. 05*

   $g_{\mathrm{A}}$-sensitive $\beta$ spectral shapes in the mass $A=86-99$ region assessed by the nuclear shell model

   Marlom Ramalho🇫🇮 · Jouni Suhonen🇫🇮

   Recent years have witnessed an expanding interest in experimental studies of $\beta$ electrons (electrons emitted in ${\beta }^{-}$ decay transitions) and their energy distributions, the so-called $\beta$-electron spectra. These experiments are interested mainly in $\beta$ transitions with electron spectra sensitive to the effective value of the weak axial coupling $g_{\mathrm{A}}$. In the present paper we make an extensive search for $g_{\mathrm{A}}$ sensitive $\beta$ spectral shapes in the $A=86-99$ region using the nuclear shell model with the well established Hamiltonians $\text{glekpn}$ and $\text{jj45pnb}$, designed to render a good description of the spectroscopic properties of nuclei in this mass region. We have found eight ${\beta }^{-}$ decay transitions with various degrees of $g_{\mathrm{A}}$ sensitivity. Moreover, these transitions are also important in pinning down the value of the so-called small relativistic vector nuclear matrix element, sNME. In addition, some of the corresponding mother nuclei are important contributors to the antineutrino flux from nuclear reactors. All this means that the found $\beta$ transitions are potentially of great interest for future rare-events experiments.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2024)·10 citations
6. 06*

   Evidence of isospin-symmetry violation in high-energy collisions of atomic nuclei: Theoretical and Phenomenological considerations

   Wojciech Brylinski🇵🇱 · Marek Gazdzicki🇵🇱 · Francesco Giacosa🇵🇱 · Mark Gorenstein🇺🇦 · Roman Poberezhnyuk🇺🇦 · Subhasis Samanta🇮🇳

   Recently, the NA61/SHINE collaboration at the CERN SPS reported evidence of isospin-symmetry violation in high-energy nuclear collisions [Nature Commun. 16, 2849 (2025)]. The effect was observed in the relative yields of charged and neutral kaons and cannot be explained by known sources of isospin symmetry breaking. In this work, we extend the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of that study. We discuss the historical background and introduce the concepts of isospin transformations and symmetry. Importantly, we relate isospin symmetry to the QCD flavor symmetry, and we present both conceptual and analytical proofs demonstrating the equality of the mean multiplicities of charged and neutral kaons for an initial ensemble of colliding systems that is invariant under charge-symmetry transformation.

   ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exActa Phys.Polon.B(2026)·17 citations
7. 07*

   Incoherent processes in dileptons production in proton-nucleus scattering at high energies

   Sergei P. Maydanyuk (1 and 2)🇭🇺 · Gyorgy Wolf (1) ((1) Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, (2) Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine)🇭🇺

   $\mathbf{Purpose}$: Incoherent processes in production of lepton pairs in the scattering of protons off nuclei are investigated. $\mathbf{Methods}$: New quantum mechanical model is constructed which uses generalization of the nuclear model of emission of photons in the proton-nucleus reactions in region from low up to high energies with inclusion of formalism of production of lepton pairs. $\mathbf{Results}$: (1) Model with the coherent matrix elements is tested for the scattering of protons on the Be nuclei at energy of proton beam $E_{\mathrm{p}}$ of 2.1 GeV. The calculated cross section of production of lepton pairs is in good agreement with experimental data obtained by DLS Collaboration. (2) We analyzed dilepton production for nuclei-targets $\text{isotope}[9]Be$, $\text{isotope}[12]C$, $\text{isotope}[16]O$, $\text{isotope}[24]Mg$, $\text{isotope}[44]Ca$, $\text{isotope}[197]Au$ at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=2.1$ GeV. Coherent cross sections of dilepton production are monotonously decreased with increasing of nucleus-target mass. (3) Production of lepton pairs is more intensive at larger $E_{\mathrm{p}}$. (4) For $p+\text{isotope}9Be$ at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=2.1$ GeV we analyzed role of incoherent processes in production of pairs of leptons. Inclusion of incoherent proton-nucleon processes to the model improves agreement with experimental data a little. (5) Adding of the longitudinal amplitude of virtual photon suppresses the cross section of dilepton production a little. (6) The incoherent contribution has a leading role in dilepton production (ratio between incoherent and coherent contributions is 10-100). Model provides the full spectrum for $p+\text{isotope}[93]Nb$ at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=3.5$ GeV in good agreement with experimental data of HADES collaboration, shows large role of incoherent processes. Conclusion: Results above confirms importance of incoherent processes in study of dilepton production in this reaction.

   ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exUniverse(2026)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Influence of baryon number, strangeness, and electric charge fluctuations at the LHC

   Christopher Plumberg🇺🇸 · Dekrayat Almaalol🇺🇸 · Travis Dore🇩🇪 · Jordi Salinas San Martin🇺🇸 · Patrick Carzon🇺🇸 · Debora Mroczek🇺🇸 · Nanxi Yao🇺🇸 · Willian M. Serenone🇺🇸 · Lydia Spychalla🇺🇸 · Matthew Sievert🇺🇸 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸

   At the Large Hadron Collider it is possible to generate BSQ (baryon, strangeness, and electric) charge density fluctuations from gluon splittings into quark/anti-quark pairs, generated within the ICCING model. In this work, we implement BSQ charge dynamics in a fully integrated framework. We propagate these conserved charges within an upgraded version of the v-USPhydro hydrodynamic model, which conserves the BSQ densities exactly. Our hydrodynamic simulation uses the full 4D equation of state $\left\{T,{\mu }_B,{\mu }_S,{\mu }_Q\right\}$ from lattice Quantum Chromodynamics and includes decays from the Particle Data Group 2016+. We study the dynamical trajectories of fluid cells passing through the QCD phase diagram. We discuss future applications for this new framework.

   ↳ hep-phnucl-exnucl-th5 citations
9. 09*

   Shell-model treatment of the $\beta$ decay of ${}^{99}$Tc

   Marlom Ramalho🇫🇮 · Jouni Suhonen🇫🇮

   In the present paper we treat the second-forbidden non-unique (2nd-nu) ground-state-to-ground-state ${\beta }^{-}$ decay ${}^{99}\text{Tc}(9/2^{+})\to {}^{99}\text{Ru}(5/2^{+})$, with a 100$\%$ branching ratio, within the framework of the nuclear shell model (NSM). The energy spectrum of the electrons emitted in this $\beta$-decay transition ($\beta$-electron spectrum) is sensitive to the wave functions of the involved initial ($9/2^{+}$) and final ($5/2^{+}$) nuclear ground states through the many involved nuclear matrix elements (NME). The $\beta$-electron spectrum of this transition is potentially indicative of the effective value, $g_{\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{eff}}$, of the weak axial coupling, $g_{\mathrm{A}}$, of crucial importance for extraction of information on beyond-the-standard-model physics from the results of the present and future rare-events experiments. We describe the $\beta$ spectral shape of this decay by using a state-of-the-art $\beta$-decay formalism and compute the many involved NME using the well established NSM Hamiltonians $jj45pnb$ and $glekpn$. We have found a strong dependence of the $\beta$ spectral shape on the value of $g_{\mathrm{A}}$ making it a good candidate for determination of the value of $g_{\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{eff}}$ through comparison with the corresponding experimental $\beta$ spectral shape. We have also found an interesting dependence of the $\beta$ spectral shape on the value of the so-called small relativistic vector NME, sNME, used to match the computed half-life with the measured one.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-ex2 citations
10. 10*

    Probing nuclear structure at the Electron-Ion Collider and in ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions

    Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Farid Salazar🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

    Within the Color Glass Condensate framework, we demonstrate that exclusive vector meson production at high energy is sensitive to the geometric deformation of the target nucleus and subnucleon scale fluctuations. Deformation of the nucleus enhances the incoherent cross section in the small $|t|$ region. Subnucleon scale fluctuations increase the incoherent cross section in the large $|t|$ region. In ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs), larger deformation leads to a wider distribution of the minimal impact parameter $B_{min}$ required to produce a UPC. This, together with larger incoherent cross sections for larger deformation, results in smaller extracted radii. Our results demonstrate great potential for future studies of nuclear structure in UPCs and electron-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Quantum Computing for Nuclear Physics

    Martin J. Savage🇺🇸

    Future quantum computers are anticipated to be able to perform simulations of quantum many-body systems and quantum field theories that lie beyond the capabilities of classical computation. This will lead to new insights and predictions for systems ranging from dense non-equilibrium matter, to low-energy nuclear structure and reactions, to high-energy collisions. I present an overview of digital quantum simulations in nuclear physics, with select examples relevant for studies of quark matter.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-latnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·17 citations
12. 12*

    The Toolkit for Nuclei library (TkN): a C++ interface to nuclear databases

    Jérémie Dudouet🇫🇷 · Diego Gruyer🇫🇷

    Over the past few decades, a vast amount of information on the structure of atomic nuclei has been collected, compiled, and evaluated. Accurate and reliable data are essential for the understanding of the behavior of atomic nuclei. Accessing and utilizing these data, spread among different databases, has remained challenging for many researchers due to the complexity and diversity of data formats. This article presents the Toolkit for Nuclei (TkN) C++ open-source library that provides easy access to nuclear structure data. This library is intended to be used in theoretical models, data analysis software or simulation codes. It utilizes a comprehensive database built from different official sources and frequently updated. The user interface allows to easily access and search for nuclear structure data and TkN can be compiled without any dependencies, facilitating its incorporation into various research projects.

    ↳ physics.comp-phnucl-exEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·1 citation
13. 13*

    Bjorken $x$ weighted Energy-Energy Correlators from the Target Fragmentation Region to the Current Fragmentation Region

    Haotian Cao🇨🇳 · Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Zihao Mi🇨🇳

    We present the complete spectrum for the Bjorken $x$ weighted Energy-Energy Correlation in the deep inelastic scattering (DIS) process, from the target fragmentation region to the current fragmentation region, in the Breit frame. The corresponding collinear and transverse momentum-dependent logarithms are resummed to all orders with the accuracy of NLL and N${}^3$LL, respectively. And the results in the full region are matched with $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ fixed-order calculation. The final numerical predictions are presented for both EIC and CEBAF kinematics.

    ↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2024)·24 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.