Tue·Mar 15, 2022Tuesday·March 15, 2022

1. 01*

   Nuclei with enhanced Schiff moments in practical elements for atomic and molecular EDM measurements

   J.A. Behr🇨🇦

   This is a resource paper concerning enhancement of observable time-reversal breaking effects by nuclear structure, aimed at AMO experimentalists. It's intended to support a white paper by providing some orientation on what can be said about some particular isotopes. Any conclusions are qualitative, and the reader should consult and cite the primary references and reviews rather than this arXiv alone.

   nucl-exnucl-th5 citations
2. 02*

   Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of higher-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV

   STAR Collaboration: M. S. Abdallah · B. E. Aboona · J. Adam · L. Adamczyk · J. R. Adams · J. K. Adkins · G. Agakishiev · I. Aggarwal · M. M. Aggarwal · Z. Ahammed · A. Aitbaev · I. Alekseev and 385 other authors

   We present high-precision measurements of elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow $v_2$, $v_3$, and $v_4$, respectively, at midrapidity ($|\eta |<1.0$) for identified hadrons $\pi$, $p$, $K$, $\phi$, $K_s$, $\Lambda$ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV. We observe similar $v_n$ trends between light and strange mesons which indicates that the heavier strange quarks flow as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. The number-of-constituent-quark scaling for $v_2$, $v_3$, and $v_4$ is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for 0-10$\%$, 10-40$\%$ and 40-80$\%$ collision centrality intervals. The results are compared to several viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying initial conditions, and could serve as an additional constraint to the development of hydrodynamic models.

   nucl-exPRC(2022)·25 citations
3. 03*

   The Project 8 Neutrino Mass Experiment

   Project 8 Collaboration · A. Ashtari Esfahani · S. Böser · N. Buzinsky · M. C. Carmona-Benitez · C. Claessens · L. de Viveiros · P. J. Doe · S. Enomoto · M. Fertl · J. A. Formaggio · J. K. Gaison and 36 other authors

   Measurements of the ${\beta }^{-}$ spectrum of tritium give the most precise direct limits on neutrino mass. Project 8 will investigate neutrino mass using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) with an atomic tritium source. CRES is a new experimental technique that has the potential to surmount the systematic and statistical limitations of current-generation direct measurement methods. Atomic tritium avoids an irreducible systematic uncertainty associated with the final states populated by the decay of molecular tritium. Project 8 will proceed in a phased approach toward a goal of 40 meV/c${}^2$ neutrino-mass sensitivity.

   nucl-exphysics.ins-det84 citations
4. 04*

   The Potential of a TeV-Scale Muon-Ion Collider

   Darin Acosta🇺🇸 · Emanuela Barberis🇺🇸 · Nicholas Hurley🇺🇸 · Wei Li🇺🇸 · Osvaldo Miguel Colin🇺🇸 · Yijie Wang🇺🇸 · Darien Wood🇺🇸 · Xunwu Zuo🇺🇸

   We propose the development of a novel muon-proton and muon-nucleus collider facility at the TeV scale that is capable of performing precision deep inelastic scattering measurements in new regimes and providing a rich program in nuclear and particle physics. Such a facility could seed, or leverage, the development of a muon-antimuon collider and make use of the existing hadron accelerator infrastructure when sited at a facility such as Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fermilab, or CERN. We discuss the possible energy and luminosity design parameters for several collider configurations, and illustrate the science potential with several studies on deep inelastic scattering kinematics, Higgs and vector boson production, top quark production, and beyond Standard Model leptoquark production. Detector design considerations and a possible road map toward development are also given.

   ↳ hep-exnucl-exphysics.acc-phJINST(2023)·46 citations
5. 05*

   High-pressure TPCs in pressurized caverns: opportunities in dark matter and neutrino physics

   Benjamin Monreal🇺🇸

   The natural gas and hydrogen storage industries have experience creating huge, pressurized underground spaces. The most common of these is "solution mining", a method for making brine-filled cavities in salt formations. Unlike conventionally-mined underground spaces, these spaces are (a) inexpensive to construct and operate, (b) naturally serve as pressure vessels, at size scales impossible to construct in a conventional lab, and (b) permit safe use of flammable and/or toxic materials. If various engineering challenges could be met, solution-mined caverns would allow unprecedentedly-large high pressure gas TPCs. Lined rock caverns (LRC) may permit high pressure TPCs of considerable size in more conventional spaces. In this whitepaper, we review some of the new physics opportunities available in these caverns and suggest an R&D program needed to realize them.

   ↳ hep-phnucl-exphysics.ins-det3 citations
6. 06*

   Snowmass 2021 Instrumentation Frontier (IF5 - MPGDs) -- White Paper 2: Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors for Nuclear Physics

   Fernando Barbosa🇺🇸 · Daniel Bazin🇺🇸 · Francesco Bossú🇫🇷 · Marco Cortesi🇺🇸 · Silvia Dalla Torre🇮🇹 · Sergey Furletov🇺🇸 · Yulia Furletova🇺🇸 · Paul Gueye🇺🇸 · Kondo Gnanvo🇺🇸 · Marcus Hohlmann🇺🇸 · Wolfgang Mittig🇺🇸 · Damien Neyret🇫🇷 · Matthiew Posik🇺🇸 · Christopher Wrede🇺🇸

   Many current and future nuclear physics (NP) experiments across the United States have and are implementing micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGDs) to be used for tracking and PID purposes. MPGDs are capable of operating in high rate environments and providing excellent spatial resolution over a large-area with a low material budget. Summarized in this white paper is the role that MPGDs are playing in NP experiments and the R&D which is needed to meet the requirements of future NP experiments.

   ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-ex3 citations
7. 07*

   Snowmass 2021 White Paper Instrumentation Frontier 05 -- White Paper 1: MPGDs: Recent advances and current R&D

   K. Dehmelt🇺🇸 · M. Della Pietra🇮🇹 · H. Muller🇩🇪 · S. E. Tzamarias🇬🇷 · A. White🇺🇸 · S. White🇨🇭 · Z. Zhang🇫🇷 · M. Alviggi🇮🇹 · I. Angelis🇬🇷 · S. Aune🇫🇷 · J. Bortfeldt🇨🇭 · M. Bregant🇧🇷 and 58 other authors

   This paper will review the origins, development, and examples of new versions of Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors. The goal for MPGD development was the creation of detectors that could cost-effectively cover large areas while offering excellent position and timing resolution, and the ability to operate at high incident particle rates. The early MPGD developments culminated in the formation of the RD51 collaboration which has become the critical organization for the promotion of MPGDs and all aspects of their production, characterization, simulation, and uses in an expanding array of experimental configurations. For the Snowmass 2021 study, a number of Letters of Interest were received that illustrate ongoing developments and expansion of the use of MPGDs. In this paper, we highlight high precision timing, high rate application, trigger capability expansion of the SRS readout system, and a structure designed for low ion backflow.

   ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exnucl-ex3 citations
8. 08*

   First measurement of high-energy reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay

   Daya Bay collaboration: F. P. An · A. B. Balantekin · H. R. Band · M. Bishai · S. Blyth · G. F. Cao · J. Cao · J. F. Chang · Y. Chang · H. S. Chen · S. M. Chen · Y. Chen and 174 other authors

   This Letter reports the first measurement of high-energy reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay, with nearly 9000 inverse beta decay candidates in the prompt energy region of 8-12~MeV observed over 1958 days of data collection. A multivariate analysis is used to separate 2500 signal events from background statistically. The hypothesis of no reactor antineutrinos with neutrino energy above 10~MeV is rejected with a significance of 6.2 standard deviations. A 29\% antineutrino flux deficit in the prompt energy region of 8-11~MeV is observed compared to a recent model prediction. We provide the unfolded antineutrino spectrum above 7 MeV as a data-based reference for other experiments. This result provides the first direct observation of the production of antineutrinos from several high-$Q_{\beta }$ isotopes in commercial reactors.

   ↳ hep-exnucl-exPRL(2022)·32 citations
9. 09*

   Electron Scattering and Neutrino Physics

   A. M. Ankowski🇺🇸 · A. Ashkenazi🇮🇱 · S. Bacca🇩🇪 · J. L. Barrow🇺🇸 · M. Betancourt🇺🇸 · A. Bodek🇺🇸 · M. E. Christy🇺🇸 · L. Doria. S. Dytman🇺🇸 · A. Friedland🇺🇸 · O. Hen🇺🇸 · C. J. Horowitz🇺🇸 · N. Jachowicz🇧🇪 and 41 other authors

   A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino-nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments - both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program - and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and layout a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdle in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.

   ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2023)·49 citations
10. 10*

    Enhancement of incoherent bremsstrahlung in proton-nucleus scattering in the $\Delta$-resonance energy region

    Sergei P. Maydanyuk (1) ((1) Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine)

    We investigate emission of the bremsstrahlung photons in the scattering of protons off nuclei at the $\Delta$-resonance energy region. Including properties of $\Delta$-resonance in the nucleus-target to the bremsstrahlung model, we find the following. (1) Ratio between incoherent emission and coherent emission is about $10^6$--$10^7$ for $p+\text{isotope}[197]Au$ (without $\Delta$-resonance) at energy of proton beam $E_{\mathrm{p}}$ of 190~MeV, where the calculated full bremsstrahlung spectrum is in good agreement with experimental data. This confirms importance of incoherent processes in study of $\Delta$-resonances in this reaction, which have never been studied yet. We estimate coherent and incoherent contributions, electric and magnetic contributions, full bremsstrahlung spectra for the scattering of protons on the \isotope[12]{C}, \isotope[40]{Ca}, \isotope[208]{Pb} nuclei at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=800$~MeV, we find conditions for the most intensive bremsstrahlung emission. (2) Transition $pN\to {\Delta }^{+}N$ in the nucleus-target reinforces emission of bremsstrahlung photons in that reaction at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=800$~MeV. Difference between the spectra for normal nuclei and nuclei with included $\Delta$-resonance is larger for more light nuclei, but the spectra are larger for heavier nuclei. (3) Taking into account shortly lived state of $\Delta$-resonance, we find that the spectrum with $\Delta$-resonance in the nucleus-target is essentially larger in the high energy photon region than the spectrum without this $\Delta$-resonance (corresponding calculations for \isotope[12][\Delta]{C}, \isotope[40][\Delta]{Ca}, \isotope[208][\Delta]{Pb} in comparison with \isotope[12]{C}, \isotope[40]{Ca}, \isotope[208]{Pb} are provided). Such an aspect is recommended for registration of $\Delta$-resonances in nuclei in possible future experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·7 citations
11. 11*

    Heavy Elements -- They came out of the blue

    Camilla Juul Hansen🇩🇪

    How are the heavy elements formed? This has been a key open question in physics for decades. Recent direct detections of neutron star mergers and observations of evolved stars show signatures of chemical elements in the blue range of their spectra that bear witness of recent nuclear processes that led to heavy element production. The formation of heavy elements typically takes place through neutron-capture reactions creating radioactive isotopes, which following beta-decay turn into the stable isotopes we today can measure indirectly in the surfaces of cool, low-mass stars or meteoritic grains. The conditions (such as the neutron density or entropy) of these n-capture reactions remains to date poorly constrained, and only through a multidisciplinary effort can we, by combining and comparing observations, experiments, and theoretical predictions, improve on one of the top 10 most important open physics questions posed at the turn of the century. This emphasises the need for detailed observations of the near-UV to blue wavelength region. The shortage of spectrographs and hence spectra covering this range with high-resolution and high signal-to-noise has for decades played a limiting factor in our understanding of how heavy elements form in the nuclear reactions as well as how they behave in the stellar surfaces. With CUBES we can finally improve the observations, by covering the crucial blue range in more remote stars and also achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This is much needed to detect and accurately deblend the absorption lines and in turn derive more accurate and precise abundances of the heavy elements.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEnucl-exnucl-thExper.Astron.(2023)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.