A Scaling Phenomenon in Shannon Information Uncertainty Difference of fragments in Heavy-ion Collisions
Chun-Wang Ma🇨🇳 · Yi-Dan Song🇨🇳 · Chun-Yuan Qiao🇨🇳 · Shan-Shan Wang🇨🇳 · Hui-Ling Wei🇨🇳 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Xi-Guang Cao🇨🇳
The Shannon information-entropy uncertainty (in brief as "information uncertainty") is used to analyze the fragments in the measured 140 MeV Ca + Be and Ni + Be reactions. A scaling phenomenon is found in the information-uncertainty difference of fragments between the reactions. The scaling phenomenon is explained in a manner of canonical ensemble theory, and is reproduced in the simulated reactions by the antisymmetric molecular dynamics (AMD) and AMD + GEMINI models. The probes based on information uncertainty, requiring no equilibrium state of reaction, can be used in the non-equilibrium system, and bridge the results of the static thermodynamics models and the evolving dynamical transport models.