Wed·Jun 10, 2026Wednesday·June 10, 2026

1. 01*

   The Scattering Algebra of Physical Space: Wigner-Covariance and Fields

   Moab Croft🇺🇸 · Neil Christensen🇺🇸

   Following previous work, the Algebra of Physical Space (APS) is used to explore Wigner-covariance and spin/helicity fields within the Constructive Standard Model (CSM) of Particle Physics. The spinor formalism of the APS is used to derive explicit Wigner-covariance of Lorentz spinors, and equivalencies with the CSM are demonstrated via the Scattering Algebra (SA). Constructive fields for spin-1/2 and spin-1 are given in the APS and the necessary maps for Wigner-covariance are proposed. The forms of these spin fields are equivalent to Pauli spinors, thereby serving as a new bridge between the CSM and the study of Quantum Information. It is further seen that spin-1/2 fields of the APS are equivalent to the spin-1/2 fields in the CSM, but the massless cases cannot yet be handled within the SA due to various complications. Similarly, while spin-1 fields exist inside the APS, their SA equivalents deviate from the originally proposed spin-1 fields of the CSM; so further work is needed to prove correspondence between spin-1 fields of the APS and the CSM. Sample Lagrangian densities of the CSM are analyzed using the methods herein, are given geometric interpretations, and are connected to traditional Pauli Theory. Finally, the hff (Higgs and two massive fermions) Lagrangian density is used to determine the first constructive scattering amplitude that is defined purely in terms of the APS. Concerningly, this leads to an anti-Hermitian action term, and this surprise is later confirmed using traditional CSM techniques. Throughout this paper, the illuminating power of Geometric Algebra is clear: Everything has a geometric interpretation, and results can be accomplished matrix-free as well as coordinate-free.

   hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MP0 citations
2. 02*

   Doubly-strange hidden-charm pentaquarks from the Fermi statistics of the light-quark cloud

   Halil Mutuk🇹🇷

   We extend the baryo-charmonium picture of pentaquarks -- a color-octet $c\bar{c}$ core bonded to a color-octet light-quark cloud -- to the doubly-strange sector $c\bar{c}ssq$. The mass splittings are set entirely by the light cloud, so the only new inputs are the strange-strange couplings $J^{ss}$, fixed by a second application of the chromomagnetic scaling, and an additive strange-mass increment taken from the observed $P_c\to P_{cs}$ shift. We obtain two negative-parity triplets, one produced with a kaon and one with an antiproton, the lowest kaon-associated ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ state near $4.60$~GeV and the antiproton-associated triplet some $120$~MeV below. The robust, distinctive prediction is that the upper two kaon-associated states form a near-degenerate doublet, in sharp contrast to the well-separated triplets of the lighter sectors -- a sparse, fixed-spacing pattern that sets the scheme apart from the molecular and diquark alternatives. The internal splittings follow without adjustment from the measured $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ spectra; the absolute scale relies on the additive strange-mass ansatz, the main assumption of the extrapolation. The predicted masses agree with recent molecular coupled-channel and QCD sum-rule results.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2026)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Light and Strange Baryons in Medium

   T. Massimino🇺🇸 · T. Klähn🇺🇸 · Z. Papp🇺🇸

   We solve the Goldstone-boson-exchange (GBE) relativistic constituent quark model of light and strange baryons by using the Faddeev approach. The model reproduces the vacuum mass spectrum of light and strange baryons below $2$ GeV reasonably well. To test the sensitivity of the model to possible medium-induced effects, we vary the masses of the constituent quarks and the exchange bosons, the confinement strength, and the quark-meson coupling constant. In a parametric study, we consider a set of power law scaling relations for these parameters, including some motivated by constituent quark level current algebra relations. We find that the baryon spectrum is most sensitive to the quark-meson coupling constant, and generally observe a decrease in baryon mass with decreasing constituent quark mass. We qualitatively estimate the impact of these mass shifts on ideal-gas baryon yields and yield ratios. Absolute yields can change significantly already for mass shifts of a few $10$~MeV, whereas yield ratios are strongly modified only when the compared baryons have different constituent-quark-mass dependence.

   hep-phnucl-th0 citations
4. 04*

   Hidden Harmonic Structure of Fermion Masses and Flavor

   Petr Baron🇨🇿

   We investigate a harmonic interpretation of the hidden flavor coordinates (Q,G,C) introduced previously in a low-rank ternary description of the fermion mass spectrum. In this picture, the generation coordinate is associated with the odd harmonic sequence (1,3,5), allowing the fermion mass formula to be expressed in a compact harmonic form. The logarithmic mass spectrum then acquires an additive structure in which the hidden coordinates contribute directly to the observed hierarchy of fermion masses. We further argue that the scalar quantity (L=QG+C), which successfully organizes the fermion spectrum, does not uniquely identify a fermion state. This observation motivates the introduction of the full hidden-coordinate vector X=(Q,G,C) and a geometric interpretation of flavor in terms of distances, relative orientations, and antisymmetric invariants defined within the hidden-coordinate space. The harmonic framework also suggests a possible extension beyond the fermion sector. Combining the fermionic harmonic modes naturally generates the even sequence (2,4,6,8,10), which exhibits a suggestive correspondence with the electroweak and Higgs scales. While this correspondence remains speculative, it points toward a common harmonic structure underlying both fermionic and bosonic states. Although the framework is exploratory, it indicates that fermion masses, flavor organization, and bosonic excitations may represent different manifestations of a deeper hidden harmonic structure.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   The Non-perturbative term for the Axial-vector Form Factor of Pion Decay

   Susumu Kinpara🇯🇵

   The axial-vector form factor for the decay of pion ${\pi }^{+}\to \gamma +e^{+}+{\nu }_e$ is calculated by using the pseudovector coupling pion-nucleon interaction with the non-perturbative term. The self-energy is approximated by the lowest-order constant. The parameter is significant to improve the value of the form factor as well as the vector form factor in our previous study.

   hep-ph0 citations
6. 06*

   Tensor Decomposition for Energy-Momentum Correlation Functions

   Guy D. Moore🇩🇪 · Jonas Winter🇩🇪

   We establish the general functional form of the energy-momentum-tensor two-point function in Euclidean coordinate space at zero and finite temperature. The full correlation function is first decomposed into its fundamental tensorial structures based on the remaining rotational symmetry. We use energy-momentum conservation to derive differential relations between the resulting component functions. Using these constraints, the full set of component functions of the correlator can finally be represented in the form of a smaller set of spectral functions. Finally, we show how to use these techniques for more efficient future lattice investigations.

   hep-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Constraints on the Higgs-gluon effective coupling through $h\to \gamma \gamma$ decays at the LHC

   A. Mohamed-Meziani🇩🇿

   We present a detailed study of the $pp\to h\to \gamma \gamma$ process in the HPOprodMFV\_UFO model framework, focusing on the Higgs-gluon effective coupling modifier, ${\kappa }_g$. We generate events for 26 parameter points corresponding to $|{\kappa }_g|$ values ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 using MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO simulations at 13 TeV with NNPDF3.1 parton distribution functions. These events are processed through Pythia8 for parton showering and hadronisation. This is followed by a fast detector simulation using Delphes with an ATLAS-like configuration and analysis with MadAnalysis5. We verify the expected quadratic scaling, $\sigma (pp\to h\to \gamma \gamma )\propto {\kappa }_g^2$, with high precision, confirming the consistency of our simulation framework. The Standard Model cross section after the application of selection cuts is found to be ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{SM}}=0.04067\pm 0.00008$ pb. By comparing our results with the ATLAS Run 2 likelihood profile from HEPData (HEPData:ins1851456), we derive constraints on $|{\kappa }_g|$: \begin{align*} |\kappa_g| &\in [0.80,\, 1.20] \quad \text{at 68\% CL}, |\kappa_g| &\in [0.70,\, 1.30] \quad \text{at 95\% CL},. \end{align*} These results are in excellent agreement with the official ATLAS and CMS combinations. Our analysis validates the HPOprodMFV\_UFO model implementation and demonstrates the effectiveness of simplified simulations in exploring Higgs couplings in the diphoton channel. }

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   $\Lambda (1670)$ production in the $\psi (3686)\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\eta$ reaction

   Natsumi Ikeno🇯🇵 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

   We perform a calculation of the invariant mass distributions in the $\psi (3686)\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\eta$ reaction, where a neat peak for the excitation of the $\Lambda (1670)$ and $\bar{\Lambda }(1670)$ in the $\eta \Lambda$ and $\eta \bar{\Lambda }$ mass distributions, respectively, is observed. Our approach uses the fact that the $\psi (3686)$, a $c\bar{c}$ state, is a singlet of SU(3) in the $u,d,s$ quarks and constructs the two flavor structures allowed with a pseudoscalar meson, a baryon and an antibaryon. The resonance peaks come from the final state interaction of meson baryon pairs, which generate the $\Lambda (1670)$ in our approach. With a reasonable relative weight of the two flavor structures, the only free parameter of the theory, we are able to get the three mass distributions in good agreement with experiment, giving extra support to the molecular structure of the $\Lambda (1670)$ resonance. The agreement with data improves with an extra resonant contribution with mass around 2200 MeV, possibly accounting for some resonances.

   hep-phPLB(2026)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Hunting for QCD Instantons

   M.G. Ryskin🇷🇺 · V.A. Khoze🇬🇧

   Instantons are non-perturbative classical solutions which describe transitions between different QCD vacua. They have never been observed experimentally. We consider the signatures of the instanton (sphaleron) production events and the main QCD backgrounds. The possibilities to search for the QCD instantons in the diffractive (i.e. with a large rapidity gap) events at the LHC and via the spin-spin correlations between two hyperons at NICA are discussed.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
10. 10*

    Scattering Theory

    Christoph Hanhart🇩🇪 · Mikhail Mikhasenko🇩🇪

    This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental framework of scattering theory, which is widely used in particle physics to describe and interpret interactions among elementary particles. We explore how transition amplitudes enable the analysis of data from scattering experiments and the extraction of resonance parameters. The concepts and methods discussed are essential for understanding processes studied at major accelerator facilities worldwide and in a broad range of hadronic and nuclear systems.

    hep-phC. Hanhart, M. Mikhasenko, Scattering the…·1 citation
11. 11*

    Efficient AI-Inspired Reduction of Feynman Integrals via Tube Seeding

    Justin Berman🇺🇸 · Francois Charton🇺🇸 · Andres Luna🇩🇰 · Matthias Wilhelm🇩🇰 · Mao Zeng🇬🇧

    In this paper, we use machine learning to discover a new seeding strategy for integration-by-parts reduction of Feynman integrals, which is a frequent bottleneck in state-of-the-art calculations in theoretical particle and gravitational-wave physics. Our strategy allows us to reduce multi-loop integrals with large numerator powers via essentially the standard Laporta algorithm but with a sparse selection of seed integrals that grows only linearly with the numerator power, whereas existing strategies lead to growth with a polynomial power that increases with the complexity of the integral being reduced. The seeds are restricted to a thin tube-like region that connects the target integral to the master integrals along a zigzag path. We demonstrate the power of our approach by reducing non-planar 2-loop 5-point integrals of rank 20 with numerical kinematics over a finite field, which is prohibitively difficult for the Laporta algorithm with conventional seeding. Going beyond individual integrals, we further demonstrate the reduction of a complete set of top-level rank-10 integrals by dividing the target integrals into several chunks, each of which can be solved by our sparse seeding strategy with considerably less time and a significantly lower memory footprint than other state-of-the-art strategies, making the approach well-suited for phenomenological applications. We provide a proof-of-principle implementation on GitHub at https://github.com/andreslunagodoy/tube_seeding.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-th2 citations
12. 12*

    Isospin-symmetry in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions

    A.V. Guskov🇷🇺 · G.I. Lykasov🇷🇺 · A.I. Malakhov🇷🇺 · A.A. Zaitsev🇷🇺

    The hypothesis of a violation of isospin-symmetry in pp and AA collisions is discussed. We show that the ratio of charged-to-neutral kaon cross sections, $R_K=\frac{{\sigma }_{K^{+}}+{\sigma }_{K^{-}}}{2{\sigma }_{K_S^0}}$, calculated within the similarity approach, including the gluon transverse momentum dependence (TMD) at low QCD scales, and using the Lund model in the form of the MC generator PYTHIA, is above 1 at energies $\sqrt{s}$ up to 20 GeV, even in the case of isospin-symmetry conservation. It decreases to 1, when the energy rises to a few TeV (ALICE data). The reason for this is related to the dynamics of kaon production. This energy behavior of $R_K$ does practically not depend on the sort of beam or target.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    Does the Weinberg angle allow a local hidden-variable description for the leptonic decays of an entangled $ZZ$ pair?

    Junle Pei🇨🇳

    Quantum entanglement in di-boson systems offers a useful testing ground for exploring the boundary between quantum-mechanical correlations and classical descriptions based on local hidden variables. In this work, I study the spin-polarization state of a $Z_1{Z}_2$ pair produced from the decay of a spin-0 particle and investigate whether the angular correlations predicted by quantum field theory (QFT) in the leptonic decays $Z_1(\to e_1^{-}{e}_1^{+})Z_2(\to e_2^{-}{e}_2^{+})$ can be reproduced by a local hidden-variable theory (LHVT) under angular-momentum conservation. By matching the LHVT angular distribution to the QFT prediction coefficient by coefficient, I derive the conditions under which an LHVT construction exists. For the case $w\ne 0$, I show that, apart from trivial product-state configurations, an LHVT construction exists only for a unique entangled state, corresponding to $a_1=a_3=-a_2=1/\sqrt{3}$ and $b_2=b_3=0$, together with restricted windows of the weak-mixing angle ${\theta }_W$. For $w=0$, I derive a necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence of an LHVT construction in terms of a closed set of algebraic and positivity conditions. As an application, I consider the phenomenologically relevant interaction $s{Z}^{\mu }{Z}_{\mu }$ and show that an LHVT construction exists at threshold $m_s=2m_Z$, whereas it does not exist for $m_s>2m_Z$.

    hep-ph1 citation
14. 14*

    Magnetic Moment of Octet Baryons in Isospin Asymmetric Magnetized Strange Matter

    Akshada Waman🇮🇳 · Priyanshi🇮🇳 · Suneel Dutt🇮🇳 · Harleen Dahiya🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar🇮🇳

    We investigate the magnetic moments of octet baryons in isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter under strong external magnetic fields within a unified theoretical framework by combining the chiral SU(3) quark mean field (CQMF) model with the chiral constituent quark ($\chi$CQM) model. At finite temperature, the inclusion of Dirac sea (DS) effect leads to magnetic catalysis attributing to the enhancement of scalar condensates with increasing magnetic field strength. As a consequence, the effective masses of the octet baryons exhibit a monotonic increase as a function of magnetic field. The results highlight the crucial role of vacuum polarization effects in determining the electromagnetic properties of baryons in strongly magnetized matter having relevance in heavy-ion collision and compact stars.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Hidden Flavor Geometry and Yukawa Structure from Hidden Coordinates

    Petr Baron🇨🇿

    We investigate a harmonic interpretation of the hidden flavor coordinates (Q,G,C) previously introduced in a low-rank ternary description of the fermion mass spectrum. The generation coordinate is associated with the odd harmonic mode sequence n_G = (1,3,5), allowing the fermion mass ansatz to be rewritten in a compact harmonic form. The corresponding logarithmic spectrum reveals an additive structure in which the hidden coordinates contribute directly to the observed mass hierarchy. We argue that the projected quantity L = QG + C, which organizes the fermion masses, does not uniquely characterize a fermion state. This motivates the introduction of the full hidden-coordinate vector X = (Q,G,C) and a geometric interpretation of flavor based on coordinate separations and antisymmetric invariants defined within the hidden-coordinate space. The harmonic framework further suggests a possible extension beyond the fermion sector. Combining the fermionic harmonic modes generates the bosonic sequence n_B = (2,4,6,8,10), which exhibits a suggestive correspondence with the electroweak and Higgs scales. Although the resulting framework remains exploratory, it suggests that fermion masses, flavor structure, and bosonic states may reflect different aspects of a common hidden harmonic organization.

    hep-ph0 citations
16. 16*

    Revisiting Cherenkov radiation in anisotropic chiral matter: exact calculation reveals threshold-free emission

    R. Martínez von Dossow🇲🇽 · Luis F. Urrutia🇲🇽

    We explore Cherenkov radiation in anisotropic chiral matter within the framework of Carroll-Field-Jackiw electrodynamics, where the axion angle exhibits a linear dependence on position. By deriving closed-form expressions for the polarization modes of electromagnetic fields in cylindrical coordinates and the space-frequency domain, we solve the modified Maxwell's equations. To enforce causality, we impose outgoing wave boundary conditions at a cylindrical surface at infinity, which yields the dispersion relations. Our analysis uncovers the specific angles and frequency ranges that allow for zero, one, or two Cherenkov cones. We also obtain the spectral energy distribution of the radiation in all cases. Notably, one sector of the model exhibits a novel phenomenon: Cherenkov radiation can be generated by slowly moving charges without a threshold, but only within a specific frequency range. This behavior is not observed in standard materials. Using our exact calculations, we also investigate the reliability of an approximate method previously proposed based on the calculation of the Green's function for the system.

    hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallPRD(2026)·0 citations
17. 17*

    The Gravitational Form Factor of the Pion in Perturbative QCD with a Dilaton Interaction

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Leonardo Torcellini🇮🇹

    We investigate the pion gravitational form factors (GFFs) at intermediate and large momentum transfer within the framework of QCD factorization. Our analysis centers on the non-Abelian $TJJ$ correlator, which couples the local QCD energy-momentum tensor to two external gluon fields and explicitly encodes the perturbative effects of the trace anomaly. We demonstrate how this quantum anomaly induces a scalar, dilaton-like contribution to the hard-scattering kernel. To ensure field-theoretic consistency, a careful separation of the quark and gluon sectors is performed, accounting for the modifications introduced by gauge-fixing terms and Slavnov-Taylor identities on the off-shell gluonic structure. To obtain realistic phenomenological predictions and regulate soft-gluon endpoint divergences in the hard kernel, we implement the Sudakov resummation framework coupled with a Gaussian model for the pion's transverse-momentum-dependent wave function. We show that the resulting anomaly-induced corrections significantly modify the behavior of the pion GFFs at large momentum transfer, leaving a unique imprint on the trace sector and the $D$-term.

    hep-phhep-th1 citation
18. 18*

    Endpoint Logarithms in the NLO Mueller-Navelet Jet Vertex: Threshold Matching and BLM/MOM Prescription Sensitivity

    Lei Wang🇨🇳

    The endpoint region $\zeta \to 1$ of the NLO forward jet vertex has not been systematically separated from BFKL energy-scale terms in Mueller-Navelet phenomenology. Starting from the small-cone NLO vertex, we isolate the quark and gluon plus distributions and construct a BFKL-aware threshold matching scheme that preserves exact NLO accuracy. The conservative Scheme-II exponent resums only the ordinary endpoint logarithms and leaves the $\chi (n,\gamma )\ln \bar{N}$ term in the fixed-order coefficient, avoiding an uncontrolled tower of mixed endpoint-BFKL logarithms. In fixed-baseline CMS tests, this matched vertex is a controlled deformation of an optimized-NLL pointwise BLM/MOM calculation: it moves $R_{21}=C_2/C_1$ in the high-$\Delta Y$ direction favored by CMS, but it does not improve $C_1/C_0$ or $R_{32}=C_3/C_2$ in the same prescription. A coefficient-projected table-BLM diagnostic improves the absolute moments but lowers $R_{21}$ and is sensitive to the large-$|\nu |$ tail. Thus the endpoint matching is internally consistent and phenomenologically informative, while the present setup does not provide a simultaneous description of all five CMS azimuthal observables.

    hep-ph1 citation
19. 19*

    Multiplicity-dependent forward jet production in proton-nucleus collisions

    Lei Wang🇨🇳

    Forward jet production in proton--nucleus collisions probes a dilute projectile scattering from a dense small-$x$ nuclear gluon field, while the charged-particle multiplicity inside the jet probes the final-state cascade in the jet cone. We develop a factorization framework for single-inclusive forward jets with an internal multiplicity measurement by combining the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) description of the production process with soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) semi-inclusive jet functions. The construction preserves the inclusive limit exactly: at zero multiplicity weight it reduces to the known inclusive next-to-leading order (NLO)/resummed CGC forward-jet cross section. We define the multiplicity-measured jet operator in a CGC background, formulate the matching that separates PDF, BK/JIMWLK, Sudakov, SiJF, and multiplicity-evolution radiation, and identify the Wilson-line resolution mechanism through which saturation can modify the internal multiplicity evolution. The resulting framework shows that high-multiplicity forward jets are sensitive both to the quark/gluon mixture generated by the CGC production kernel and to finite-$Q_s$ corrections when an early in-cone splitting is resolved by the target. A baseline numerical implementation validates the factorized structure and illustrates the resulting multiplicity-conditioned nuclear modification.

    hep-ph0 citations
20. 20*

    Matrix element method at NLO: A fine proof of concept in POWHEG

    Ulrich Haisch🇩🇪 · Jakob Linder🇩🇪 · Luc Schnell🇩🇪 · Marius Wiesemann🇩🇪 · Giulia Zanderighi🇩🇪

    The matrix element method (MEM) provides a fully probabilistic approach to confront experimental events with theory, retaining all correlations in the scattering matrix element. While leading-order MEM is widely used and automated, extending it to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD is challenging due to infrared divergences, negative weights, extra final-state partons, and multi-dimensional phase-space integration. We demonstrate that the POWHEG method offers a practical path to MEM at NLO accuracy. By projecting real-emission events onto Born kinematics via the mappings inherited from the $\tilde{B}(\Phi )$ function, our method consistently includes the hardest QCD radiation while preserving the NLO-accurate normalization. As a proof of concept, we apply it to fully leptonic $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production in the Standard Model (SM) effective field theory, focusing on a CP-even dimension-six triple-gauge-boson operator. Our NLO MEM implementation acts as a near-optimal classifier, exploiting spin- and polarization-dependent correlations among the final-state leptons to efficiently distinguish beyond-the-SM (BSM) from SM events. This demonstrates the potential of MEM at NLO for precision studies of electroweak processes and subtle BSM effects.

    hep-phhep-ex1 citation
21. 21*

    DarkAgents

    Michele Lucente🇮🇹 · Silvia Pascoli🇮🇹 · Filippo Sala🇮🇹 · Matteo Zandi🇮🇹

    We present DarkAgents: a multi-agent system that leverages the reasoning and code-generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), together with deterministic tested human-written code, to build orchestrated pipelines for theoretical astroparticle physics research. While related approaches have been proposed in collider physics and cosmology, DarkAgents targets the specific challenges of this domain, such as model building, complex pipeline computations, multiple constraints and assumption auditing. The framework can be powered by different agentic command-line tools, including Mistral's, Anthropic's, OpenAI's and local LLMs via Ollama. As first implementation, we apply DarkAgents to the study of cosmological first order transitions, starting from a classically scale-invariant particle-physics model and ending with the fit to the NANOGrav nanohertz gravitational-waves spectrum. DarkAgent-PT provides as output i) the best-fit values of model parameters, ii) their existing experimental and observational constraints, iii) an audit report of the assumptions and priors entering both i) and ii), of particular relevance for astroparticle physics. Our test runs identify inconsistencies in some fits in the literature and produce novel ones based on the dissipative bulk-flow GW template. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/PhysicsZandi/DarkAgents.

    hep-phastro-ph.COphysics.comp-ph7 citations
22. 22*

    MATCHA: A Mathematica package for matching UV models onto HEFT

    Raquel Gómez-Ambrosio🇮🇹 · Carlos Quezada-Calonge🇮🇹

    We present MATChing HEFT Amplitudes (MATCHA), a Mathematica package designed for leading-order (LO) matching of an ultraviolet (UV) model to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT). MATCHA performs the matching of non-decoupling effects of order $\mathcal{O}(1)$ to the LO HEFT lagrangian for an arbitrary number of Higgs fields. The main benefit of MATCHA is that it is built on existing packages such as FeynArts and FormCalc, which are familiar to the user, and directly benefits from the established features of these packages. In addition, MATCHA is designed to require minimal input from the user: solely the FeynRules output files and the desired order of expansion. Together, these features make MATCHA a practical tool for extracting the leading low-energy HEFT couplings that encode non-decoupling effects. A public release, including the code, documentation and an accompanying Mathematica notebook that reproduces the Real Singlet Extension example and serves as a template for new models, is available at https://cqc-phy.github.io/MATCHA-release.

    hep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Tripartite Entanglement in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to t\bar{t}Z$

    Dorival Gonçalves🇺🇸 · Alberto Navarro🇺🇸 · Kazuki Sakurai🇵🇱

    Multipartite entanglement is a uniquely quantum form of correlation that captures collective properties of a composite quantum state beyond those encoded in its bipartite subsystems. We investigate this phenomenon in the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to t\bar{t}Z$ at a future lepton collider, where the final state spins span the tripartite Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}={\mathbb{C}}^2\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^2\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^3$. Starting from the Standard Model helicity amplitudes, we reconstruct the full $12\times 12$ spin density matrix and characterise its entanglement structure through one-to-one negativities, one-to-other negativities, and the genuine multipartite negativity, evaluated at three increasingly inclusive levels of phase space integration. Pairwise entanglement is generally suppressed relative to the collective (one-to-other) and the genuine multipartite entanglement, and all measures decrease as more kinematic information is integrated out. Assuming quantum tomography in the fully leptonic decay channel at $\sqrt{s}=1$ TeV, we find that collective entanglement should be accessible at a realistic high-luminosity polarised lepton collider. By contrast, certifying genuine multipartite entanglement is more challenging, with only limited sensitivity projected for a specific polarisation benchmark within the expected ILC luminosity. The study establishes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to t\bar{t}Z$ as an attractive laboratory for probing multipartite entanglement in high-energy collisions and provides a general mixed state framework that applies to any tripartite spin system.

    hep-phhep-exquant-ph8 citations
24. 24*

    EFT for Neutrino Oscillations: Theory Developments and Application to JUNO

    Martín González-Alonso🇪🇸 · Ajdin Palavrić🇪🇸 · Suraj Prakash🇪🇸

    We contribute to the systematic analysis of New Physics effects in neutrino experiments using Effective Field Theory (EFT) methods. We review and extend the quantum field-theoretical formalism for generic neutrino interactions, discussing the inclusion of matter effects and deriving the connection with the density matrix formalism. On the phenomenological side, we apply this framework for the first time to medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiments. We derive analytical expressions for the relevant oscillation observables and perform a first EFT analysis of the recent JUNO dataset, extracting bounds on the leading non-standard interaction parameters.

    hep-ph3 citations
25. 25*

    Direct Detection of Millicharged Particles from Supernovae

    Yanou Cui🇺🇸 · Fengyi Li🇺🇸 · Xiaolin Qi🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Yu-Dai Tsai🇺🇸

    This work proposes a new terrestrial probe for millicharged particles (mCPs) and demonstrates promising discovery prospects. mCPs can be copiously produced in core-collapse supernovae (SNe), and a fraction may escape, travel to Earth and yield distinct signals. The mCP mass induces a time-of-flight (ToF) delay relative to the SN neutrino burst, opening a clean search window after the neutrino signal has passed. We compute the mCP-induced electron-recoil signals at XENONnT, JUNO, DUNE, and Hyper-Kamiokande for benchmark SN scenarios, and find that for $\epsilon =10^{-9}$ and sub-MeV to MeV-scale masses, more than 10 events per year can be detected. This search can improve upon existing SN cooling bound on $\epsilon$ by up to an order of magnitude.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-ex+10 citations
26. 26*

    Limits on primordial black holes from the extragalactic gamma-ray background; current status and future projections

    Ilias Cholis🇺🇸 · Iason Krommydas🇺🇸 · John Carlini🇺🇸

    Primordial black holes (PBHs), possibly formed from the collapse of early universe perturbations, will evaporate via Hawking radiation with a lifetime comparable to the age of the universe, if their mass is $O(10^{14})$ g. Such black holes can contribute to the observed gamma-ray fluxes in the MeV and GeV range. Using the observed extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB) from the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope, the \textit{EGRET}, and the \textit{COMPTEL} telescopes that cover gamma-ray energies from 0.5 MeV to 1 TeV, we evaluate limits on the abundance of PBHs with masses of $10^{14}$ to $10^{17}$ g. We study both monochromatic and extended mass distributions of PBHs. To model the EGRB spectrum, we calculate the contribution from extragalactic sources including blazars, star-forming galaxies and radio galaxies and also account for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays that produce gamma rays when interacting with the infrared background. Our EGRB modeling uses information from the \textit{Fermi} gamma-ray point sources catalog, from observations at X-rays, the visible spectrum, the infrared and radio waves, and also accounts for modeling uncertainties and variations on the properties within each class of these sources. Moreover, we use recent work on the modeling of the PBHs' gamma-ray emission, that includes the direct Hawking radiation, gamma rays produced in the hadronization and decay of unstable particles, final state radiation and gamma rays from pair annihilations in the interstellar medium. As the contribution of final state radiation and the annihilation of positrons enhances the low-energy part of the produced gamma-ray spectra from PBHs, we find that the EGRB observations can set the tightest limits on their abundance among all indirect dark matter probes, within the mass range of interest.[abridged]

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph0 citations
27. 27*

    Refined anti-proton and anti-deuteron fluxes from weak-scale Dark Matter

    Marco Cirelli🇫🇷 · Mattia Di Mauro🇮🇹 · Arpan Kar🇫🇷

    We provide the cosmic-ray (CR) fluxes of antiprotons and antideuterons produced by the Galactic annihilation or decay of weak-scale dark matter (DM) particles of masses in the range from a few GeV to 100 TeV. We estimate these fluxes based on the updated models for the propagation of charged particles in the Galaxy and using the improved $\bar{p}$ and $\bar{d}$ spectra provided by $\text{CosmiXs}$. For the updated propagation models we consider the MIN/MED/MAX sets under the new SLIM/BIG/QUAINT schemes. We treat the Galactic propagation in a semi-analytic way including different possible effects such as spatial diffusion, energy-losses, convection and diffusive reacceleration. For the DM distribution in the Galactic halo we consider NFW, Einasto and Burkert profiles with the most updated parameters. Moreover, we also incorporate the latest models for the inelastic cross-sections of $\bar{p}$ and $\bar{d}$ based on ALICE data. We validate our calculations with those available in the literature or those obtained from other publicly available numerical packages. We compare the CR fluxes obtained in this work with those provided previously by $\text{PPPC4DMID}$ which were based on old propagation scenarios. We find that the CR fluxes obtained here with the new propagation models are much more robust (compared to the older ones) under the variation MIN - MAX. We also discuss the impact of this in the improvement of the discovery potential of a possible DM signal in the light of the present and upcoming CR observations. We provide all our results for the DM-induced interstellar CR fluxes in a tabulated format (for the kinetic energy range 0.1 GeV - 100 TeV) in the $\text{GitHub}$ repository of the newly created $\text{CosmiXsPPPC}$ project. The results are ready to be used for studies related to DM indirect searches.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph0 citations
28. 28*

    Momentum Dependence of Heavy Quark Diffusion in a Thermal Gluonic Plasma on the Lattice

    Harshit Pandey🇮🇳 · Sayantan Sharma🇮🇳

    We study the dynamics of a heavy quark in a thermal plasma consisting of non-perturbatively interacting soft momentum gluons at high temperatures, described in terms of an effective theory of QCD. Discretizing this effective field theory on a three-dimensional lattice, we propose a numerical strategy that allows us to simulate the dynamics of a heavy quark for different values of initial momenta and for a wide temperature range, higher than $480$ MeV. This allows us, for the first time, to extract the momentum dependence of the heavy quark drag and diffusion coefficients in a non-perturbatively interacting thermal, non-Abelian plasma.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
29. 29*

    Identical Bosons, large occupation numbers and classical field description

    Gaurav Goswami🇮🇳

    For a system with a large number of identical Bosons, it is common to claim, often without any additional justifications, that, when the mean occupation number in a single particle state is sufficiently large, classical field description will be applicable. This is why e.g. for ultra-light dark matter, the classical field equations are used to compute its dynamics. In this work, we test the validity and robustness of this assumption based on the criterion $2{\sigma }_{\phi }<|⟨\phi ⟩|$ for classical field behaviour and applying it to aribtrary quantum states. We find that an arbitrary state with large occupation number doesn't behave classically while imposing some restrictions on the state vectors can improve the classical behavior. Since coherent states are known to have quasi-classical behaviour, we also ask how much deviation from coherent state can spoil the classical behaviour. Based on this analysis, we find that it is the proximity of the state to a large occupation coherent state rather than large occupation number itself which ensures validity of classical description. Implications of this for ultra light dark matter are discussed.

    ↳ quant-phastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th0 citations
30. 30*

    Charm quark production in heavy-ion collisions as a signature of pre-equilibrium

    Maurice Coquet🇨🇭 · Thomas Faure🇫🇷 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪 · Mika Spier🇫🇷 · Michael Winn🇫🇷

    The relative abundances and kinematic distributions of hadrons containing (anti)charm quarks are key observables for deconfinement, heavy-quark diffusion and hadronization in heavy-ion collisions. The production of (anti)charm quarks is commonly associated to the initial hard scatterings in hadronic collisions. Based on previous studies on dilepton production, we evaluate the (anti)charm quark production from the pre-equilibrium phase. A non-negligible contribution to the overall charm quark production is found albeit large theoretical uncertainties are limiting factors. We conclude that precise total charm production measurements combined with progress on charm production calculations from the initial hard scatterings can be used to infer information on the pre-equilibrium stage.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPLB(2026)·0 citations
31. 31*

    Nonflow Subtraction Beyond Two-Particle Correlations

    Zaining Wang🇨🇳 · Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸 · Jinhui Chen🇨🇳 · Shengli Huang🇺🇸 · Chunjian Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhengxi Yan🇺🇸

    Establishing collective flow in small collision systems is crucial for pinning down the minimum conditions for quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation. In two-particle correlations, nonflow has been subtracted with good control, pushing the reach of flow measurements down to very small particle multiplicities $N$. However, the multi-particle nature of collectivity has not been established in the same $N$ regime, because the residual nonflow surviving the subevent procedure in multi-particle cumulants has never been quantified. We develop a general nonflow subtraction framework for $m$-particle cumulants, built around the approximate $1/N^{m-1}$ scaling of nonflow in the independent-source picture. Correlators containing $v_1$ serve as clean nonflow estimators, since the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated dipolar flow nearly vanishes. Using \HIJING{} as a controlled nonflow-only environment, we test the subtraction for three target observables ($⟨v_2^2⟩$, $⟨v_2^2\delta p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$, and $c_2\{4\}$) in O+O and $d$+Au at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV and 200 GeV. Most of the nonflow is removed, with residual fractions typically within 20--30% when converted to the two-particle level, though the best estimator differs across the three targets. We identify a multiplicity-reweighting correction, previously overlooked in two-particle correlations, that explains the long-standing undersubtraction of the naive $1/N$-scaling method; its impact grows as a power of the correlator order. The framework gives a systematic route to nonflow subtraction beyond two-particle correlations, broadening the class of multi-particle observables accessible to the small-system flow program.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex2 citations
32. 32*

    Constraints on axion-like particles from ultra-high-energy observations of M87 with the HAWC observatory

    R. Alfaro🇲🇽 · C. Alvarez🇲🇽 · A. Andrés🇲🇽 · E. Anita-Rangel🇲🇽 · M. Araya🇨🇷 · J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez🇲🇽 · D. Avila Rojas🇲🇽 · H.A. Ayala Solares🇺🇸 · R. Babu🇺🇸 · P. Bangale🇺🇸 · E. Belmont-Moreno🇲🇽 · A. Bernal🇲🇽 and 86 other authors

    In this work, we perform an indirect search for axion-like particles (ALPs) through their hypothesized mixing with photons in the presence of magnetic fields. ALPs are a well-motivated dark-matter candidate class, and the photon-ALP conversion mechanism provides a unique channel to constrain their mass and coupling constant using very-high-energy gamma-ray observations. The photon-ALP mixing could alter the observed gamma-ray spectrum from extragalactic sources by effectively reducing the apparent attenuation due to extragalactic-background-light absorption. We analyze 7.5 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, targeting the nearby radio galaxy M87. This source is located within the Virgo cluster and is an ideal environment for photon-ALP conversion due to its low redshift and the large-scale, strongly magnetized medium of the cluster. We find no evidence for a photon-ALP conversion signal and, consequently, set constraints on the ALP mass and photon-ALP coupling constant with emission from M87 which are consistent with previous results. Our analysis places competitive constraints on the ALP parameter space, defining an exclusion region in the mass range of approximately $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-6}$ eV for coupling constants above $5\times 10^{-12}$ GeV${}^{-1}$, complementing previous constraints from other gamma-ray observatories.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2026)·2 citations
33. 33*

    Sequential Clusterization of Light Nuclei and Hypernuclei in Heavy-Ion Collisions within a Wigner Function Coalescence Framework

    Junyi Han🇨🇳 · Yue-Hang Leung🇩🇪 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪 · Yingjie Zhou🇩🇪 · Norbert Herrmann🇩🇪 · Yaping Wang🇨🇳

    We investigate the formation of light nuclei and hypernuclei in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3\mathrm{GeV}$ within a coalescence framework embedded in the microscopic N-body Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) transport model. The Wigner phase-space distributions employed in the coalescence calculation are constructed from realistic $N$-body wave functions obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation in the hyperspherical harmonics formalism, providing a solid and parameter-free description of nuclear clusters and hypernuclei. By comparing calculated rapidity distributions with STAR data, we extract species-dependent coalescence times, revealing a non-universal formation pattern among different clusters. The resulting yields and kinematic distributions of light nuclei and hypernuclei are systematically analyzed and shown to be sensitive to the underlying wave-function structure and formation time. In addition, we explore cluster-nucleon formation channels for $A=4$ systems. These additional channels improve the description of ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ and ${}_{\Lambda }^4\mathrm{H}$ yields and help address the underestimation of $A=4$ cluster production in theoretical approaches. Finally, we provide predictions for heavier hypernuclei, including ${}_{\Lambda }^5\mathrm{He}$ and ${}_{\Lambda \Lambda }^5\mathrm{He}$, which are of interest for future experimental measurements.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
34. 34*

    Natural Inflation with a negative cosmological constant

    Chia-Min Lin🇨🇳 · Naoto Maki🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

    In this work, we investigate a cosmic inflation model based on a cosine-type potential with a negative cosmological constant. This model originates from a classical solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. The equation of motion for the inflaton field can be solved analytically without relying on approximation schemes, such as the slow-roll conditions. The predictions of the spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and the running spectral index are calculated and compared with experimental constraints from Planck Collaboration, Atacama Cosmology Telescope Collaboration (ACT), and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI).

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th0 citations
35. 35*

    $\Lambda$(1520) as a probe of resonance-driven deuteron formation at the LHC

    Sushanta Tripathy🇸🇪 · Peter Christiansen🇸🇪

    Light nuclei such as deuterons are produced abundantly in high-energy proton-proton and nuclear collisions despite their tiny binding energies. Their production mechanism remains unresolved, as both nucleon coalescence and statistical thermal models reproduce inclusive LHC yields. We propose a direct invariant-mass observable that discriminates between these scenarios using the long-lived $\Lambda (1520)\to \mathrm{pK}$ resonance. If decay protons coalesce into deuterons, the produced nuclei remain correlated with the kaon, allowing the resonance peak to be reconstructed experimentally through proxy masses, $M_{(d/2)\mathrm{K}}$, formed from kaons and half the deuteron four-momentum. Using Thermal-FIST and PYTHIA with a deuteron coalescence afterburner, we show that a $M_{(d/2)\mathrm{K}}$ peak emerges only in the coalescence scenario. This observable provides a direct experimental probe of resonance-fed deuteron production and of late-stage coalescence dynamics in high-energy collisions.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-th1 citation
36. 36*

    Chiral Plasma under Strong Magnetic Fields: A Holographic Analysis of Transport Phenomena

    Michael Lublinsky🇮🇱 · Hadas Tzarfati🇮🇱

    Chiral plasma appears in several areas of physics, historically starting from primordial plasma in the early Universe, then in quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions, and, more recently, in Dirac and Weyl semimetals. The major signature of the plasma is the non-conservation of the axial current due to the chiral anomaly and the emergence of new, anomaly-induced transport phenomena. In this paper, we study the plasma exposed to arbitrarily strong constant magnetic and weak electric fields. Employing all-order gradient resummation, we write down constitutive relations for electric and axial currents parameterized by thirteen momentum- and magnetic- field-dependent transport coefficient functions. The latter are computed utilizing a theoretical lab for a realistic plasma, namely a holographic $U(1{)}_V\times U(1{)}_A$ Maxwell--Chern--Simons theory in Schwarzschild--AdS${}_5$, in the probe limit. As an application, we revisit the phenomena of negative magnetoresistance and chiral magnetic waves, beyond the naive hydrodynamic limit.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.mtrl-scihep-phnucl-th0 citations
37. 37*

    Gravitational superfluorescence from superradiant axion clouds

    Zhen-Hong Lyu🇨🇳 · Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Jing Liu🇨🇳

    Boson clouds formed via superradiance around spinning black holes offer a novel probe of ultralight particles. We show that such gravitational atoms can undergo a self-stimulated avalanche: a coherent quadrupolar transition is seeded by external gravitational waves and amplified by self-generated radiation feedback. We formulate an effective two-level description, validated by numerical simulations, that captures the logistic population transfer and the resulting delayed gravitational-wave pulse with a characteristic envelope, and assess its detectability with future detectors. As a gravitational analogue of superfluorescence, this cooperative emission mechanism opens a new observational avenue into the ultralight dark sector.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph1 citation
38. 38*

    On Calabi-Yau Threefolds For Unified LVS Inflation

    Pramod Shukla🇮🇳

    Fibre inflation, Poly-instanton inflation and (Loop) Blow-up inflation are among the most popular Kähler moduli based inflationary models realized in the standard LARGE volume scenarios (LVS). In this article, we present a unified framework in which all these three LVS inflationary models can be realized by using (different orientifolds of) a single Calabi-Yau (CY) threefold. In fact, the desired CY threefold needs to have a K3- or ${\mathbb{T}}^4$-fibration structure along with two diagonal del Pezzo divisors, and a so-called `Wilson' divisor which corresponds to a surface realized as a ${\mathbb{P}}^1$ fibration over ${\mathbb{T}}^2$s. For classification purpose, we perform a detailed scan of the CY geometries with $1\le h^{1,1}(\mathrm{CY})\le 6$ that arise from the triangulation of the four-dimensional reflexive polytopes of the Kreuzer-Skarke database. In this regard, after scanning around 100,000 CY geometries and the corresponding topologies of around a million of toric divisors, we find two CY threefolds satisfying these requirements for $1\le h^{1,1}(\mathrm{CY})\le 4$, while there are 14 and 45 candidate CY geometries for $h^{1,1}(\mathrm{CY})=5$ and $h^{1,1}(\mathrm{CY})=6$, respectively. We discuss the extended applications of such CY threefolds for cosmological model building in string theoretic frameworks.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
39. 39*

    Gaussian vs. Real Wavefunction of Nuclear Clusters and Hypernuclei

    Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪 · Joerg Aichelin🇫🇷 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪

    We compare realistic $N$-body wave functions obtained from solutions of the Schrödinger equation with Gaussian ansätze constrained to the same rms radius. The microscopic wave functions exhibit significantly broader spatial distributions, revealing pronounced non-Gaussian structures. In addition, we investigate possible production channels for $A=4$ clusters using a phenomenological two-body interaction. This study provides a potential mechanism that may help alleviate the underestimation of $A=4$ cluster yields in theoretical models compared to experimental data.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph1 citation
40. 40*

    A Friendly Phantom: Late-time AdS-to-dS transition and cosmological tensions

    Özgür Akarsu🇹🇷 · Leandros Perivolaropoulos🇬🇷 · A. Emrah Yükselci🇹🇷 · Alexander Zhuk🇩🇪

    We present Ph-${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM, a phantom-scalar realization within General Relativity of the sign-switching cosmological-constant idea, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM, in which a phantom scalar evolving on a bounded hyperbolic-tangent potential induces a smooth mirror AdS-to-dS transition in the late-time dark-energy density. The wrong-sign kinetic term, usually viewed as pathological, becomes the mechanism lifting the field from a negative- to a positive-energy vacuum-like regime. The construction also shows that the field can become repulsive while its energy density is still negative. The cosmology nevertheless remains controlled: total energy stays positive, the late-time attractor is de Sitter rather than a Big Rip, and the dynamics remain safely infrared. Ph-${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM thus offers a concrete late-time mechanism with the potential to address multiple cosmological tensions.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th5 citations
41. 41*

    Combined Analysis of Lattice QCD and Experimental Data on the Pion Transition Form Factor

    Franziska Hagelstein🇩🇪 · Danaheb Naomi Navarro Durán · Timon Esser · Vadim Lensky🇩🇪 · Sotiris Pitelis🇩🇪 · Vladyslava Sharkovska🇨🇭

    The evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment requires precise knowledge of the pion transition form factor (TFF). In this work, we present a feasibility study for a combined analysis of lattice QCD (LQCD) and experimental data. Our methodology is driven by the goal of combining complementary datasets to leverage their respective kinematic advantages: while LQCD provides robust predictions for the doubly-virtual TFF, $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ scattering experiments offer high-precision singly-virtual measurements up to large momentum transfers. To ensure a statistically rigorous combination, we implement a global one-stage fitting approach based on the modified $z$-expansion, utilizing synthetic jackknife replicate sampling and a normalized ${\chi }^2$ weighting scheme. We demonstrate that the inclusion of experimental data substantially tightens the constraints on the pion TFF, yielding up to a factor of three reduction in uncertainty in the singly-virtual limit. In contrast, the uncertainty of the resulting pion-pole contribution to the muon $g-2$ improves by a factor of $1.5$. This more modest improvement reflects the fact that the $g-2$ integral is heavily dominated by the low-$Q^2$ region, which is already well constrained by physical normalization constraints.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-ph0 citations
42. 42*

    SPADE: Split-and-Delay Embeddings for Autoregressive High-Granularity Calorimeter Simulation

    Joschka Birk🇩🇪 · Frank Gaede🇩🇪 · Anna Hallin🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · Martina Mozzanica🇩🇪 · Henning Rose🇩🇪

    We introduce SPADE (SPlit And Delay Embeddings), an autoregressive transformer for sequences whose tokens carry multiple features. Rather than embedding these features jointly, SPADE embeds them independently. Delaying each feature stream relative to the previous one allows intra-token correlations to be learned by the standard self-attention mechanism. Applied to point-cloud calorimeter shower generation in the highly granular ILD detector, SPADE is competitive with the state of the art AllShowers model on photon showers, and substantially outperforms its VQ-VAE-based predecessor OmniJet-${\alpha }_C$. The mechanism is applicable to any generative task with multi-feature tokens, enabling LLM-style pretraining workflows for higher-dimensional data.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.