Thu·Jun 4, 2026Thursday·June 4, 2026

1. 01*

   TMD factorization in diffractive heavy-quark production in photon-nucleus collisions

   Paul Caucal🇫🇷 · Patricia Gimeno-Estivill🇫🇮 · Edmond Iancu🇫🇷 · Tuomas Lappi🇫🇮 · Farid Salazar🇺🇸

   Using the Colour Glass Condensate effective theory, we study the diffractive production of a massive quark-antiquark pair accompanied by a gluon in coherent photon-nucleus collisions at high energy. This partonic configuration provides the leading twist contribution to the cross section in the correlation limit where two of the partons are hard and nearly back to back in the transverse plane, while the third one is semi-hard, with a transverse momentum of the order of the nuclear saturation momentum. We consider two scenarios: (i) a hard quark-antiquark pair together with a semi-hard gluon; in this case we demonstrate transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization with a mass-dependent ''hard'' factor and the standard expression for the gluon diffractive TMD, and (ii) a hard antiquark-gluon pair and a semi-hard quark; in this case we find TMD factorization with a mass-independent ''hard'' factor and a mass-dependent quark diffractive TMD, which represents a new result. We show that increasing the quark mass reduces (or even washes out) the effects of gluon saturation on the quark diffractive TMD. In particular, it leads to the suppression of the Cronin peak that we observe in the massless limit. Our results are the basis for future phenomenological studies of quarkonium and open charm production in the saturation regime in ultraperipheral collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, and in deep inelastic scattering at the Electron-Ion Collider.

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
2. 02*

   On the QCD Axion Potential in Fried's QCD Functional Formalism

   Peter H. Tsang🇬🇧

   We examine the QCD axion potential in Fried's nonperturbative QCD functional formalism. The axion is introduced in the standard way through (\Theta=\theta_{\rm QCD}+a/f_a). The question addressed is how the resulting (\Theta)-dependence of the QCD vacuum energy is represented after the effective-locality reduction of the gluonic degrees of freedom. The construction is organized around two nonperturbative quantities: the Fried chiral condensate (\Sigma_{\rm F}=-\langle\bar q q\rangle_{\rm F}), generated by the scalar/pseudoscalar projection of the effective-locality kernel, and the pure-glue topological stiffness (A_{\rm F}=\chi_{\rm YM}^{\rm F}), represented in the Halpern formulation by a CP-odd self-dual/anti-self-dual curvature. Under these assumptions, [ \chi_{\rm top}^{\rm F} ====================== \left[ A_{\rm F}^{-1} + \sum_f (m_f\Sigma_{\rm F})^{-1} \right]^{-1}, \qquad m_a^2f_a^2=\chi_{\rm top}^{\rm F}. ] This expression has the expected heavy-quark, light-quark, and massless-quark limits. In a separable scalar/pseudoscalar approximation, (\Sigma_{\rm F}=N_cr\Lambda_{\rm EL}^3 I(r)/(4\pi^2)), with (r=M_0/\Lambda_{\rm EL}) fixed by (1=\alpha_\chi^{\rm F}J(r)). The result is conditional: a complete first-principles derivation requires computing (\Sigma_{\rm F}) and (A_{\rm F}) from the full Fried--Gabellini--Grandou--Tsang--Sheu measure. We also note that the Fried-QCD contribution to a multi-axion mass matrix is rank one; additional massive axion-like species require additional independent topological sectors.

   hep-ph0 citations
3. 03*

   A Deep Dive into Baryon Asymmetry -- the C2HDM

   Margarete Mühlleitner🇩🇪 · Johann Plotnikov🇩🇪 · Rui Santos🇵🇹 · João Viana🇵🇹

   In this paper, we present our new implementation of the computation of the baryon asymmetry in the code BSMPT. It is based on the WKB ansatz generalizing the transport equations to an arbitrary number of moments. Two different truncation schemes are implemented, and the profile of the vacuum expectation value (VEV) is derived from the equations of motion in addition to the modeling with the kink profile. We validate our implementation with a simple benchmark model and perform a detailed analysis within the CP-violating 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (C2HDM). Barring the collision term, however, our implementation can readily be applied to any extended Higgs sector with an arbitrary number of VEV directions. We study in detail the dependencies of the baryon asymmetry on the number of moment equations, the applied truncation scheme, the wall velocity, the wall velocity times wall width, the VEV profile, the strength of the phase transition, and the amount of CP violation in the model and present a detailed uncertainty analysis. We investigate the interplay of the generated baryon asymmetry and the gravitational waves signal at LISA. Our results guide the way for future improvements in the computation of the baryon asymmetry and give directions for model building. The uncertainty analysis is the basis for any investigation aiming at deducing model parameters from cosmological processes.

   hep-ph1 citation
4. 04*

   Contact interaction treatment of {\pi} and {\rho} elastic and transition tensor form factors

   Ke-Yu Guo🇨🇳 · Ke-Xin Zeng🇨🇳 · Xin-Yu Bai🇨🇳 · Chen Chen🇨🇳 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳

   Predictions for tensor charges and form factors, elastic and transition, involving $\pi$- and $\rho$-mesons and their scalar and axialvector diquark partners, are delivered using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector*vector contact interaction (SCI). Two distinct SCI regularisation schemes are employed, with the results showing little sensitivity. Although, as typical in SCI analyses, the form factors are stiff; their infrared behaviour may be considered physically reliable. Notable amongst related quantities are the following: the pion tensor charge is approximately $0.36$ and the associated tensor form factor radius is practically the same as the pion charge radius; the $\rho$-meson tensor charge is roughly 80% of that for the proton; and diquark tensor charges and form factors are semiquantitatively alike with those of their $\pi$, $\rho$ partners. In addition to being interesting in themselves, the SCI predictions can serve as baselines for future studies with a closer connection to QCD.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+10 citations
5. 05*

   Thermodiffusive coupled-transport phenomena in dense quark matter

   Kamaljeet Singh🇮🇳 · Kangkan Goswami🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

   Coupled-transport phenomena reveal that heat, charge, and particle flows are intrinsically interconnected, providing deeper insight into the microscopic dynamics of a medium than independent transport processes. We study the behavior of the coupled-transport coefficients in hot and dense quark matter within the framework of the 2+1 flavor Nambu--Jona--Lasinio model at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. These coefficients characterize coupled-transport phenomena, where particle diffusion is driven by temperature gradients (Soret effect) and heat flow is induced by gradients in chemical potential (Dufour effect). These coefficients are estimated by solving the relativistic Boltzmann transport equation using the relaxation time approximation with temperature-dependent cross sections. We study the scaled Soret and Dufour coefficients as functions of temperature and quark chemical potential across the QCD phase diagram. We aim to understand the intricate behavior of the coupled-transport coefficients near the chiral symmetry restoration region. Our results indicate that coupled-transport coefficients are sensitive to the chiral phase transition and provide the first systematic insight into the cross-coupled-transport properties in dense quark matter.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+10 citations
6. 06*

   The method of kinematic limits in high-energy physics

   A.V.Bobrov🇷🇺

   This paper proposes a general approach for calculating kinematic limits attained when Lorentz invariants, which are analogous to Cayley-Menger determinants for Minkowski space, vanish. This approach can be applied to a wide range of processes in particle physics. In particular, this may be relevant for reactions involving lost particles, which can be lost due to both detector inefficiency and the small cross section of particle interactions with detector materials, such as neutrinos. Furthermore, kinematic limits can be used to suppress background.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
7. 07*

   Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory

   Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Martın Garrido🇨🇱 · Massimo Mannarelli🇮🇹 · Anibal Neira🇨🇱

   We derive some properties of rotational vortices in the pion condensed phase. Employing leading order chiral perturbation theory we determine the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation. Vortices have quantized angular momentum along the rotation axis, an hallmark of superfluidity, and self-confine pions. The critical rotation frequency for vortex nucleation is estimated.

   hep-phcond-mat.quant-gas1 citation
8. 08*

   Rolling Down the Leptonic BSM Landscape Using Machine Learning Techniques

   Alfredo Aranda🇲🇽 · Raymundo Ramos🇰🇷 · Alexander J. Stuart🇲🇽

   In this work, we adapt and apply techniques from machine learning to the exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model in the leptonic sector. Namely, we employ initialization and optimization, as they are applied in machine learning, to minimize a loss function that describes textures or conditions which we want in the neutrino mass matrix. The model free parameters are explored during the optimization, and after training for a number of optimization steps, we obtain matrices that approximately follow the desired forms, as well as their corresponding optimized parameters. We also discuss extensions and additional applications of the ideas presented here in conjunction with other methods based on artificial intelligence.

   hep-ph1 citation
9. 09*

   Study of ${\Lambda }_b^0\to \Lambda D$ decays with the rescattering mechanism

   Na Li🇨🇳 · Hui-Qiang Shang🇨🇳 · Qin Qin🇨🇳

   We employ the final-state rescattering mechanism to systematically investigate the non-leptonic decays ${\Lambda }_b^0\to \Lambda D$ (where $D=D^0$, ${\overline{D}}^0$, $D_{+}$, $D_{-}$), which can help improve the experimental precision of the $CP$-violating phase angle $\gamma$. The framework integrates short-distance factorizable amplitudes with long-distance non-factorizable contributions arising from hadronic triangle rescattering diagrams. We find that the final-state rescattering contributions are essential, not only because they provide the strong phases necessary for $CP$ violation, but also because they enhance the ${\overline{D}}^0\Lambda$ branching fraction by two orders of magnitude. Numerically, we calculate the branching ratios of the channels with different partial waves, as well as the corresponding $CP$-violating observables. In particular, the direct $CP$ asymmetries $a_{CP}^{\mathrm{dir}}(D_{+})=0.28_{-0.11}^{+0.07}$ and $a_{CP}^{\mathrm{dir}}(D_{-})=-0.14_{-0.04}^{+0.06}$ are found to be very significant. These results provide a reliable theoretical benchmark and can be tested against future measurements from the LHCb experiment.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Unveiling the elusive $\Sigma (1380)$ resonance through coupled-channel dynamics in ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to \eta {\pi }^{+}\Lambda$ reaction

    Wen-Tao Lyu🇨🇳 · Si-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳 · De-Min Li🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳

    We investigate the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to \eta {\pi }^{+}\Lambda$ decay measured by the Belle and BESIII Collaborations, focusing on the possible role of the $\Sigma (1380)$ state with spin-parity $J^P=1/2^{-}$. In our theoretical framework, the $\Lambda (1670)$ and $a_0(980)$ are dynamically generated from meson-baryon and meson-meson final-state interactions, respectively, and the corresponding line shapes of these two states used here are applicable to all relevant hadronic reactions. Furthermore, the contributions from the intermediate $\Sigma (1385)$ resonance and the possible $\Sigma (1380)$ state are included explicitly. By comparing the invariant mass and angular distributions obtained with and without the $\Sigma (1380)$ state, we demonstrate that this state plays an important role in improving the description of the experimental data. We also identify the kinematic regions most sensitive to the possible $\Sigma (1380)$ contribution. Future high-precision measurements of this process will be instrumental for testing the existence of the $\Sigma$ state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$.

    hep-ph3 citations
11. 11*

    Scalar contributions from $331RHN$ minimal model to oblique parameters

    A. Doff🇧🇷

    Electroweak precision observables, encoded in the oblique parameters $S$, $T$, and $U$, impose stringent constraints on extensions of the Standard Model. In this work, we analyze the scalar-sector contributions to these parameters within the minimal 331RHN model. Building on previous results obtained in the 331RHN framework, we show that the oblique parameter $T$ provides the dominant constraint on the scalar mass spectrum. Our results indicate that current experimental bounds on $T$ lead to a nontrivial upper limit on the symmetry-breaking scale, $\omega \lesssim 10\text{TeV}$. These findings highlight the sensitivity of electroweak precision data to the scalar sector of 3-3-1 models and their viability as extensions of the Standard Model.

    hep-ph0 citations
12. 12*

    Kinematic Riffs and Interference Effects in Triple Higgs Production in the N2HDM

    Wrishik Naskar🇩🇪 · Tania Robens🇭🇷 · Julia Anabell Ziegler🇩🇪

    We investigate the complex kinematic structure involved in resonant production of three Higgs bosons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), within the rich scalar spectra of the Next-to-minimal Two Higgs Doublet Model (N2HDM), which features three CP-even neutral scalar degrees of freedom. Focussing on the resonant topologies, we analyse the invariant mass and transverse momentum distributions to disentangle the underlying production mechanisms. We demonstrate that interference effects and additional kinematically accessible decay channels can significantly alter kinematic observables, highlighting the limitations of simplified approximations and underscoring the importance of fully differential studies for probing extended Higgs sectors.

    hep-phhep-ex1 citation
13. 13*

    Strong decays and effective spin-symmetry-breaking corrections in excited charm-strange mesons

    Xiao Yu🇨🇳 · Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳

    We study two-body pseudoscalar-emission decays of excited charm-strange mesons in heavy meson effective field theory, where phenomenological \(1/m_c\) corrections are encoded as effective relative shifts between \(DP\) and \(D^*P\) amplitudes, referred to here as effective spin-symmetry-breaking corrections. Using \(D_{s2}^*(2573)\) data to calibrate the \(T(3/2^+)\) doublet, we obtain \(h'=0.407\pm0.034\) and \(\epsilon_T=-0.207\pm0.109\), indicating a natural effective correction of order \(20\%\). Applying this input to the \(D_{s1}(2460)\) and \(D_{s1}(2536)\) system, the Belle and LHCb partial-wave data constrain the mixing angle to \(0^\circ<\theta_P\lesssim22.0^\circ\) and \(0^\circ<\theta_P\lesssim14.6^\circ\), respectively, confirming that \(D_{s1}(2536)\) is dominantly a \(T(3/2^+)\) state with only a small \(S(1/2^+)\) admixture. In the radial sector, the pure-\(2S\) assignment gives \(R_{2700}^{\rm LO}=0.919\), consistent with the observed \(D^{*0}K^+/D^0K^+\) ratio of \(D_{s1}^*(2700)\), but predicts only \(\Gamma_{\rm ps}[D_{s0}(2590)]\simeq20\) MeV. Allowing mixing between \(D_{s1}^*(2700)\) and \(D_{s1}^*(2860)\), together with a relative strong phase and effective spin-symmetry-breaking corrections, substantially increases this width while preserving agreement with the vector-state widths and \(R_{2700}\). This scenario further gives \(R_{1,2860}=0.911\), far from the pure-\(X\) leading-order value \(R_{1,2860}^{\rm pure\,X}=0.242\), so the spin-one \(D^*K/DK\) ratio near \(2.86\) GeV offers a clear discriminator between the mixed and unmixed assignments. Overall, this scenario reduces but does not remove the \(D_{s0}(2590)\) width tension, leaving room for non-pseudoscalar channels, threshold effects, or coupled-channel dynamics. Reference decay patterns for \(D_{s3}^*(2860)\), \(D_{s1}(2933)\), and \(D_{sJ}(3040)\) are also given.

    hep-ph0 citations
14. 14*

    Angular and invariant-mass observables in the four-body Higgs decay $h\to \ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }{\bar{\ell }}^{\prime }{\nu }_{{\ell }^{\prime }}$

    Han Zhang🇨🇳 · Bai-Cian Ke🇨🇳 · Yao Yu🇨🇳 · Yi-Rong Ma🇨🇳 · Jia-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

    We study the angular distribution of the Higgs boson decay $h\to \ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }{\bar{\ell }}^{\prime }{\nu }_{{\ell }^{\prime }}$ with $\ell \ne {\ell }^{\prime }$. Due to the presence of two undetected neutrinos, a complete angular analysis is not experimentally feasible. To overcome this, we reorganize the kinematics from the conventional lepton-neutrino pairs into a charged-lepton pair and a neutrino pair, i.e.~$\ell {\bar{\ell }}^{\prime }$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }{\nu }_{{\ell }^{\prime }}$. This allows us to express the differential decay rate in terms of experimentally accessible variables, including the invariant mass squared of the neutrino pair. Using the effective field theory framework, we derive this rate and integrate over the neutrino-associated angles. This parametrization provides a clean and measurable angular distribution, offering a new probe of the $hWW$ coupling and possible beyond-the-Standard-Model contributions.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Big Axions

    Hannah Banks🇬🇧 · Marius Kongsore🇺🇸 · Neal Weiner🇺🇸

    We introduce big axions: axion models in which a Nambu-Goldstone mode emerges from the collective spontaneous breaking of a network of U(1) symmetries delocalized in theory space. Big axions naturally realize high-quality accidental global symmetries, admit both pre- and post-inflationary cosmological histories, and exhibit rich topological structures that interpolate between ordinary Peccei-Quinn axions and axions which descend from extra-dimensional gauge fields. We identify a minimal phenomenologically viable subclass, little big axions, and demonstrate that they provide a robust solution to the strong charge-parity problem in quantum chromodynamics while potentially accounting for some or all of the dark matter of the universe.

    hep-phhep-th1 citation
16. 16*

    The Future of Lepton Flavor

    Peter B. Denton🇺🇸 · Julia Gehrlein🇺🇸 · Henry Truelson🇺🇸

    The flavor puzzle remains one of the biggest open questions in particle theory to date and upcoming results from neutrino experiments will have a large impact on its potential solution in the future. While some classes of leptonic flavor models are difficult to constrain with current data, this will change in the coming years as several yet unknown quantities, like the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of ${\theta }_{23}$, will be determined, and the CP-violating quantity $\delta$ will be measured with some precision. In addition, significant improvements in the precision of the other oscillation parameters, notably ${\theta }_{12}$, is also expected to impact our understanding of flavor. Together with anticipated improvements on the absolute neutrino mass scale determination from the combination of cosmological data sets or beta decay endpoint spectrum measurements, upcoming experiments will lead to a refined picture of our understanding of flavor in the lepton sector. In this paper, we show exactly how flavor model predictions relate to expected measurements. Five popular classes of leptonic flavor model predictions are considered: mass sum rules, one and two texture-zeros for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos, charged lepton corrections, modular symmetries, and constrained sequential dominance. We discuss correlations, degeneracies, and discrimination capabilities in the context of the expected measurements from upcoming experiments. We also highlight how different flavor model predictions can be differentiated and the roles each upcoming observable has on flavor model predictions. We anticipate that the precision targeted in future measurements will be sufficient to dramatically reduce the number of viable leptonic flavor models, will allow us to disentangle them, and could hopefully begin to shed light on the answer to the flavor puzzle.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
17. 17*

    Heavy-element paleodetectors for Higgsino dark matter

    Peter W. Graham🇺🇸 · Harikrishnan Ramani🇺🇸 · Samuel S. Y. Wong🇺🇸

    Paleodetectors have been proposed as a new approach to direct detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), through the search for damage tracks in ancient minerals induced by WIMP-nucleon scattering. However, for inelastic dark matter such as the Higgsino, existing paleodetector targets lack sufficiently heavy nuclei to overcome the kinematic threshold for scattering. We propose heavy-element paleodetectors as a new probe of inelastic dark matter, using ancient, radiopure minerals containing heavy elements such as lead. We identify brine precipitates from deep geothermal aquifers as a possible geological source of such minerals. Additionally, paleodetectors are uniquely sensitive to the history of the dark matter high-velocity tail, including a possible fast population induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud's close approach 50 Myr ago. Such a scenario would favor younger minerals than usually assumed in the paleodetector literature. This method can probe Higgsino mass splittings up to $\delta \simeq 920$ keV. Due to the large Higgsino-nucleon cross section, we find that even suboptimal mineral samples with ordinary radioactivity from depths of only 2 km can probe new parameter space, thus partially relaxing the stringent requirements on radiopurity and depth that constitute two significant challenges for the paleodetector program.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ex6 citations
18. 18*

    NNLO+PS Higgs-pair production in MiNNLOPS

    Francesco Garosi🇩🇪 · Marius Wiesemann🇩🇪 · Giulia Zanderighi🇩🇪

    We consider Higgs-boson pair production in gluon fusion at hadron colliders and match next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to parton showers within the MiNNLO${}_{PS}$ framework. Since the full top-quark mass dependence at this order is not available, finite top-quark mass effects are incorporated through approximations based on the exact NLO QCD result, using the available two-loop amplitude in the full theory. Specifically, the Born, single-virtual, single-real and double-real contributions are included exactly, while the real--virtual and double-virtual corrections are approximated. We consider different approximations for the latter to assess the associated uncertainties. We validate our predictions against fixed-order NNLO QCD results and compare with existing NNLO calculations matched to parton shower from GENEVA, where in some cases we find noticeable differences. Finally, we present phenomenological results for different Higgs-decay channels and variations of the trilinear Higgs coupling. Our MiNNLO${}_{PS}$ generator for Higgs-boson pair production is available within the POWHEG-BOX-RES framework.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
19. 19*

    Gravitationally Induced Quantum Decoherence of Macroscopic Objects

    Hiroki Takeda🇯🇵 · Shogo Tomizuka🇯🇵 · Takahiro Tanaka🇯🇵

    We formulate the gravitationally induced quantum decoherence of a massive object prepared in a spatial superposition. Starting from linearized gravity coupled to a massive system particle and an environmental scalar field, we derive a closed-time-path influence functional governing the reduced system dynamics. In the nonrelativistic and quasi-static regime, the decoherence exponent can be written as a bilinear functional of the difference of the system stress-energy tensors and an effective noise kernel obtained by dressing the environmental stress-energy tensor correlator with graviton propagators. We then apply this framework to the Newtonian long-range gravitational interaction and evaluate the resulting decoherence function for a dilute nonrelativistic gas modeled by finite wave packets and coarse-grained in time and space. By performing controlled approximations, we obtain analytic expressions for the cumulative decoherence function and show that the dominant contribution is accumulated logarithmically over a broad range of distances, while remaining subdominant to conventional collisional decoherence under realistic conditions.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thquant-ph1 citation
20. 20*

    CaloTrilogy: Toward a Breakthrough in One-Step, End-to-End, Physics-Guided Shower Generation for Modern Calorimeters

    Cheng Jiang🇬🇧 · Sitian Qian🇺🇸 · Kevin Pedro🇺🇸 · Oz Amram🇺🇸 · Huilin Qu🇨🇳 · Maggie Voetberg🇺🇸

    High-precision calorimeter simulation at current and future colliders imposes rapidly growing computational demands, motivating the development of machine-learning surrogates for traditional Monte Carlo tools such as Geant4. Flow matching and diffusion-based generative models have become leading approaches for high-dimensional fast simulation because of their sample quality, but typically require $\mathcal{O}(100)$ function evaluations at inference and often rely on auxiliary networks to constrain global observables, compromising streamlined end-to-end generation. We introduce a unified framework that improves the balance between speed, shower quality, and physics fidelity. The method combines: (i) an average velocity field integrator that enables sampling in one or a few evaluations; (ii) a learned generative prior in shower space, constructed from data rather than random noise; and (iii) physics-guided loss terms that impose inductive biases on key observables during training. These elements are training time regularizers, preserving end-to-end inference with no additional cost. With only one or a few evaluation steps, the model achieves shower quality competitive with state-of-the-art flow and diffusion approaches, tested on several public high granularity calorimeter datasets. The results demonstrate inter-layer shower structure consistent with the underlying physics, providing a strong candidate for future fast simulation workflows.

    ↳ hep-excs.LGhep-phphysics.ins-det1 citation
21. 21*

    Leggett-Garg test inequality with spin and flavour neutrino oscillations in a constant magnetic field

    I. A. Monroy🇨🇴 · S. D. Madrid🇨🇴

    The Leggett-Garg inequality (LGI), an analogue of Bellś inequality involving correlations of measurements of one observable on a system at different times, stands as one of the hallmark tests of quantum mechanics against classical predictions. In this work, we investigate its implications in the context of neutrino flavour (${\nu }_e^L\leftrightarrow {\nu }_{\mu }^L$) and spin (${\nu }_e^L\leftrightarrow {\nu }_e^R$) oscillations in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field. For systems with strong magnetic fields, we show that, for both cases, there are length regions $\Delta L$ where the LGI is violated, as quantified by the correlator functions $K_3$ and $K_4$.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phActa Phys.Polon.B(2026)·0 citations
22. 22*

    On Cosmologies and Vacua Driven by Tension and Curvatures

    J. Mourad🇫🇷 · A. Sagnotti🇮🇹

    We investigate the effects of the exponential potentials typical of non-supersymmetric strings in cosmologies whose spatial and internal slices are maximally symmetric spaces with curvatures labeled by a pair of integers $k$ and $k^{\prime }$ ($=\pm 1$). We classify the solutions according to their singularity structure and asymptotic behavior and present a semi-quantitative picture of the generic dynamics in the physically most relevant cases with flat spatial slices. The analysis relies on exact solutions emerging when one of the effects dominates, special solutions arising when two or more effects are comparable, scaling asymptotics, and some numerical tests.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phmath-ph+1JHEP(2026)·0 citations
23. 23*

    A note on momentum subtraction schemes for quark bilinears and semileptonic operators

    P. A. Boyle🇺🇸 · M. Bruno🇮🇹 · M. Gorbahn🇬🇧 · S. Jäger🇬🇧 · C. Lehner🇩🇪 · F. Moretti🇩🇪 · J. Parrino🇩🇪

    In this work we examine a family of regularization invariant (RI) symmetric momentum (SMOM) schemes for semi-leptonic operators. By working with chirally symmetric and massless QCD, we relate the semi-leptonic operators with their corresponding flavor-changing vector currents, whose renormalization in pure QCD is protected by the Ward identity. For the latter, we extend the original RI/SMOM scheme [Sturm et al. 2009] to a family projectors suitable to be promoted to the semi-leptonic case and demonstrate their equivalence to Ref. [Gorbahn et al. 2023], relevant in particular for the perturbative calculation of the corresponding Wilson coefficients.

    ↳ hep-lathep-ph1 citation
24. 24*

    Comment on "Possibility of superradiant neutrino emission by atomic condensate" by M. Blasone, L. Gastaldo and F. Romeo, Phys. Rev. D 113, 053010 (2026)

    Wolfgang Ketterle🇺🇸 · Hanzhen Lin🇺🇸 · Yu-Kun Lu🇺🇸

    We show that the recent proposal for superradiant emission of neutrinos cannot evade our proof that superradiant neutrino emission is fundamentally impossible. Pairing two fermions in a molecule does not remove the cancellation of interference terms in neutrino emission due to fermionic anticommutators.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phnucl-exphysics.atom-ph0 citations
25. 25*

    Probing Nucleon Spin Structure with a Polarized Gamma Beam from Compton Backscattering at FCC-ee

    A. C. Canbay🇹🇷 · S. Sultansoy🇹🇷 · F. Zimmermann🇨🇭

    We present the design of a high-energy polarized gamma-ray facility based on Compton backscattering (CBS) of laser pulses off the FCC-ee full-energy booster beams in the Z, WW, ZH and $t\bar{t}$ modes. Saturating the safe value of the kinematic parameter $\kappa =4.35$ fixes the laser wavelength in each mode and yields backscattered photons up to ${\omega }_{\max }=148$ GeV. The conversion point operates on the booster cycle structure: fully parasitically on the 0.1 s top-up flat-tops ($f_{\mathrm{CBS}}=10^{-8}$ per bunch crossing, cumulative electron loss $3\times 10^{-6}$ per cycle) or, as the baseline, in dedicated extended-flat-top fills inside the idle windows between top-up cycles ($f_{\mathrm{CBS}}=10^{-6}$, beam loss below 1% per cycle). The collider luminosity is unaffected in both scenarios, and the operational laser pulse energies lie in the sub-millijoule to few-millijoule range. Photon selection is performed event-by-event with a pair spectrometer on the high-energy Compton edge; for the unpolarized booster beam the Compton polarization transfer limits the achievable band-averaged circular polarization, and the selection is set to $|⟨S_2⟩|=0.90$. We project the sensitivity to the polarized gluon distribution $\Delta g(x)$ via open-charm photoproduction $\gamma p\to c\bar{c}X$ on an NH${}_3$ dynamically polarized target, including NLO QCD corrections via K-factors and propagating polarized-PDF uncertainties through the 100 Monte Carlo replicas of NNPDFpol2.0. The projected total precision is $\delta (\Delta g/g{)}_{\mathrm{tot}}\simeq 1.8$-$3.0\times 10^{-2}$, a factor of 4-7 below the total uncertainty of the most precise existing direct measurement (HERMES), at four values of $⟨x⟩$ in the medium-$x$ region $0.07\le x\le 0.19$. The facility would set the dominant constraint on $\Delta g$ in this region, complementary to the low-$x$ reach of the Electron-Ion Collider.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-phphysics.ins-det0 citations
26. 26*

    Dissipative Dark Energy can explain the DESI phantom crossing

    Prolay Chanda🇮🇳 · Subinoy Das🇮🇳 · Suratna Das🇮🇳

    DESI results preferring an evolving dark energy component that appears to cross the phantom-divide in the recent past has raised a lot of interest in exploring the nature of dark energy. We present here a simple dissipative dark energy scenario that can explain both the evolving nature of dark energy as well as its crossing of the phantom-divide without invoking any pathological phantom-like dynamics for the quintessence field. We show that even weak dissipation of the quintessence is enough to explain the current DESI observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th3 citations
27. 27*

    Neutrino mass constraints in interacting dark energy models after DESI DR2

    Hui Li🇨🇳 · Guo-Hong Du🇨🇳 · Tian-Nuo Li🇺🇸 · Hai-Li Li🇨🇳 · Lu Feng🇨🇳 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳

    Recent DESI observations indicate a deviation from the $\Lambda$CDM model, showing a preference for dynamical dark energy and thereby relaxing the upper limit on the neutrino mass within this framework. This deviation can also be explained by the presence of an interaction between dark energy and dark matter. In this work, we investigate the cosmological upper bounds on the total neutrino mass ($\sum m_{\nu }$) across four different interacting dark energy (IDE) models. The present analysis employs the latest DESI baryon acoustic oscillation, cosmic microwave background, and type Ia supernova datasets. These results demonstrate that the upper bounds on $\sum m_{\nu }$ exhibit profound sensitivity to the specific phenomenological formulation of the interaction term. While the I$\Lambda$CDM2 model ($Q\propto H{\rho }_{\mathrm{c}}$) substantially relaxes the stringent upper limit ($\sum m_{\nu }<0.129$ eV at 95% confidence level), notably the I$\Lambda$CDM3 model ($Q\propto H_0{\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$), severely compresses the allowed parameter space, yielding a highly restrictive bound of $\sum m_{\nu }<0.051$ eV. Furthermore, rigorous goodness-of-fit evaluations utilizing the Deviance Information Criterion and $\Delta {\chi }_{\mathrm{MAP}}^2$ indicate that the current observational data statistically favor these mass-suppressing IDE models. This establishes an exacerbated statistical tension between the observationally preferred IDE scenarios and the normal hierarchy lower bound ($\sim 0.06$ eV) determined by terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th4 citations
28. 28*

    The Double Well Done Doubly-Well

    Aurélien Dersy🇺🇸 · Matthew D. Schwartz🇺🇸

    The symmetric double-well potential is one of the simplest quantum-mechanical systems in which perturbative and non-perturbative physics are deeply entangled. Its energy levels have non-analytic expansions in inverse powers of the inter-well separation, with factorially growing coefficients, while the parity splitting is exponentially small and invisible to perturbation theory. Resurgence ties the two features together, organizing the exact spectrum into a single tightly-constrained trans-series. This paper gives a self-contained account of this trans-series from two complementary approaches: exact WKB and the Euclidean path integral, developed in a common notation with explicit calculations through the four-instanton level and three-loop order. In exact WKB, Stokes phenomena encoded in the Delabaere--Dillinger--Pham relations control the analytic continuation of the wavefunction past turning points. The quantization condition expressed in terms of Voros symbols then determines the full trans-series. The DDP relations are local and do not require knowing the global topology of the energy surface, but that surface is an elliptic curve. In the path integral, elliptic curves enter differently: the classical saddle points are doubly-periodic elliptic functions of Euclidean time, and Stokes phenomena play out within the finite-dimensional manifold of quasi-zero modes rather than through analytic continuation of the wavefunction. A Lefschetz thimble decomposition determines which saddles contribute, and the resulting partition function trans-series is much simpler than the energy trans-series: at each instanton order the $T$-dependence is a polynomial fixed by the quasi-zero-mode thimble integrals. Together, the two approaches deploy a shared mathematical infrastructure in complementary ways, showing that the double well is an ideal setting to explore resurgence.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phquant-ph1 citation
29. 29*

    Toward decision-aware AI for LSST-scale time-domain astronomy

    C. R. Bom · A. Mahabal · F. Bianco · P. Darc · B. Fraga · R. Bonito · S. Chaini · M. W. Coughlin · S. Dillmann · F. Fontinele Nunes · A. Gomboc · N. Hernitschek and 18 other authors

    The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will generate approximately (10^7) alerts per night, pushing time-domain astronomy beyond pipelines that treat discovery as a static labeling problem. We argue that LSST is better understood as a partially observed dynamical environment, in which scientific return depends on the quality of follow-up decisions made under uncertainty and finite observational resources. The central challenge is therefore to maintain evolving, uncertainty-aware representations of astrophysical sources and to select actions that maximize long-term scientific value. We propose that foundation models trained on heterogeneous time-domain data can learn survey-scale representations of source state, while decision-theoretic policies support principled, auditable allocation of follow-up resources. Embedded within human-supervised agentic systems, these components position AI as part of the operational inference loop rather than as a downstream predictive tool. The way such systems represent belief, optimize utility, and expose their reasoning will shape observational efficiency, the distribution of scientific agency, including who participates in discovery and the scientific questions that receive priority.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
30. 30*

    Gauge field flow for chiral gauge theories on a disk boundary

    Jinlong Dang🇨🇳 · Rohith Karur🇺🇸 · Srimoyee Sen🇺🇸

    A recent non-perturbative formulation of $2n$ dimensional chiral gauge theories relies on realizing chiral fermions on the $2n$ dimensional boundary of a $2n+1$ dimensional disk manifold. It also requires extending boundary gauge configurations into the interior of the disk using some flow prescription that preserves 2n dimensional gauge invariance. In this paper we propose a concrete realization of the equation of motion flow with the disk embedded on a square lattice. In addition, we couple the flow gauge field to fermions and demonstrate the mechanism of anomaly inflow and anomaly cancellation at work on the lattice.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-th1 citation
31. 31*

    Gauge field flow for chiral gauge theories on a slab

    Jinlong Dang🇨🇳 · Rohith Karur🇺🇸 · Srimoyee Sen🇺🇸

    The proposal to formulate chiral gauge theories using domain wall fermions on $2n+1$ dimensional Euclidean lattice with a slab geometry involves $2n$ dimensional dynamical gauge fields residing on one of the domain walls. The gauge fields are extended into the extra dimension using gradient flow decoupling the mirror fermions on the anti-wall. We implement this construction on the lattice for $n=1$ in the presence of $2n$ dimensional background gauge fields. We also formulate and implement an additional gauge field flow proposal, where the gauge fields satisfy $2n+1$ dimensional equation of motion away from the domain wall, known as the EOM (equation of motion) flow. In both cases, we couple the gauge fields to fermions and demonstrate how current conservation and anomaly inflow work on the lattice.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-th0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.