PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·May 19, 2026

50 papers30 primary·20 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    ULYSSES the Third: An Odyssey Towards a Unified Python Toolkit for Leptogenesis

    Alessandro Granelli🇪🇸 · Juraj Klarić🇳🇱 · Dhruv Pasari🇬🇧 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇪🇸 · Jessica Turner🇬🇧

    We present the third release of , a Python package for the numerical evaluation of the baryon asymmetry generated through leptogenesis. This version includes code implementing state-of-the-art density matrix equations for low-scale leptogenesis with three quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos. We extend the validity of the code in this scenario beyond the 100 GeV right-handed neutrino mass scale, into the regime of resonant leptogenesis, by including neutrino production rates valid in both the relativistic and non-relativistic regimes. In addition, in the high-scale vanilla scenario, we provide routines for computing scattering processes, enabling full phase-space evolution of the right-handed neutrino and lepton asymmetry. A new parameter interface allows users to pass model-specific inputs beyond the standard leptogenesis runcard without modifying the core infrastructure and demonstrate its use with a toy module that simultaneously solves the vanilla leptogenesis equations and the freeze-in production of dark matter. On top of these improvements, we introduce an alternative parametrisation of the Casas-Ibarra matrix, update the default neutrino oscillation parameters and report cross-checks of the new low-scale leptogenesis module against published benchmarks and independent codes. is publicly available on and pip-installable from PyPI.

    hep-ph2 citations
  2. 02*

    Towards Measuring the CP-Violating Phase with Atmospheric Neutrinos

    John F. Beacom🇺🇸 · Nicole F. Bell🇦🇺 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺 · Stephan A. Meighen-Berger🇦🇺 · Ho Man Yim🇦🇺

    We propose a new approach to measuring the CP-violating phase in neutrino mixing using atmospheric neutrinos, differing significantly from prior work. We develop an up-down flux ratio for sub-GeV atmospheric neutrinos that incorporates realistic detection effects and reduces systematic uncertainties. For the example of Hyper-Kamiokande -- the first experiment with sufficient atmospheric-neutrino statistics in this energy range -- our approach can surpass the sensitivity of the Tokai to Hyper-Kamiokande (T2HK) long-baseline experiment near and . Realizing this potential will require additional, but realistic, work to reduce theoretical uncertainties. Success will provide an important, complementary probe to multi-\$1B accelerator-based experiments.

    hep-ph1 citation
  3. 03*

    Higgs Physics with the XFEL Compton Collider Concept at GeV

    Umar Sohail Qureshi🇺🇸 · Tim Barklow🇺🇸 · Ariel Schwartzman🇺🇸

    We investigate single Higgs production in GeV collisions at the X-Ray Free Electron (XFEL) Compton Collider (XCC) concept and present an analysis targeting the major hadronic, semi-leptonic, and fully leptonic final states of the Higgs boson, including . In addition to studying Higgs production at a novel collider concept, our approach couples a novel set transformer-based deep learning framework that acts on particle-flow object point clouds with a genetic algorithm optimizer for signal-background discrimination, yielding significantly higher sensitivity than traditional methods. Our results demonstrate that an XFEL collider can probe the Higgs sector with extremely high precision and enable new physics opportunities, complementary to proposed machines.

    hep-phhep-ex1 citation
  4. 04*

    3D Initial-State Dynamics across scales: A Comparative Study of saturation and string-based descriptions

    Lucas Constantin🇩🇪 · Oscar Garcia-Montero🇪🇸 · Niklas Götz🇩🇪 · Hannah Elfner🇩🇪

    We compare the longitudinal deposition of various conserved quantities in the initial condition models of a string based (SMASH) and a saturation based (McDipper) approach. SMASH has been shown to work reasonably well at lower collision energies as an initial condition for the SMASH-vHLLE hybrid approach, while McDipper, based on the color-glass-condensate (CGC), works well in the regime of perturbative QCD. The two models are capable of providing longitudinally resolved initial conditions, which is essential for 3D hydrodynamical simulations. The goal of this study is to interface the different regions of applicability of the two models, to investigate the initial state dynamics in the intermediate energy regime. We analyze the deposition of transverse energy, charge and baryon number across a large range of collision energies (62.4 GeV to 5.02 TeV) and find that, while they are good agreement at lower energies, their energy and baryon deposition differs substantially at higher center of mass energies.

    hep-phnucl-th2 citations
  5. 05*

    An EFT Map of Axion Dark Radiation from Reheating

    Yong Xu🇨🇦

    Light, weakly coupled sectors can retain information about the cosmological background in which they are produced. We study light axions produced during reheating and their contribution to dark radiation, . We develop a shift-symmetric EFT in which an inflaton-dependent axion kinetic term systematically organizes the leading production channels. The same kinetic function generates both direct inflaton decay and inflaton annihilation from the oscillating inflaton background. Direct decay is described by an invisible inflaton branching fraction, while annihilation is a genuinely reheating-sensitive source controlled by a coherent combination of Wilson coefficients. We derive the contribution to from both channels and show that they scale oppositely with the reheating temperature: the decay contribution falls as , whereas the annihilation contribution grows approximately as . Their crossing is missed by treatments that keep only one production channel. We translate current and projected sensitivities into constraints on the Wilson coefficients of the kinetic function, obtaining a two-dimensional EFT map of axion dark radiation from reheating. This map can imply both lower and upper bounds on the reheating temperature, showing that light axion relics can turn dark radiation measurements into constraints on reheating.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO0 citations
  6. 06*

    Systematic analysis of fermionic masses and flavor mixings: a model-independent approach

    E. Barradas-Guevara🇲🇽 · O. Felix-Beltran🇲🇽 · F. Gonzalez-Canales🇲🇽 · V. Luna-Mendoza🇲🇽 · A. Perez-Martinez🇲🇽 · M. Ramos-Martinez🇲🇽

    In a model-independent context, we perform a systematic and detailed study of the fermion flavor masses and mixings. In this analysis, we present a most general parameterization form of the mass matrix, as well as the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata flavor mixing matrix, in terms of the fermionic masses and some free parameters. A likelihood test using the statistic is implemented to evaluate whether the theoretical expressions for the leptonic flavor mixing angles also reproduce the experimental data. The results of the fit show that the theoretical expressions obtained for the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing matrix correctly reproduce the actual experimental data on neutrino oscillations.

    hep-ph0 citations
  7. 07*

    RooAgent: An LLM Agent for Root-Based High Energy Physics Analysis

    Aman Desai🇦🇺

    We present RooAgent as a natural-language interface for Root-based high energy physics data analysis. The package provides physics analysis functions as tools that an LLM agent invokes in response to plain-language prompts. Two operating modes are supported: a LangGraph-based agent compatible with OpenAI's GPT-4.1 via GitHub Copilot and with DeepSeek-V3 via Ollama, and a Model Context Protocol server for use with the Anthropic Claude CLI (Sonnet~4.6). In both modes the analysis logic is implemented in PyRoot and the LLM selects tools and supplies the required arguments. The package supports histogram inspection, event selection, visualisation of kinematic distributions, fitting, and significance estimation, among other tasks. We illustrate RooAgent with tests based on Monte Carlo simulations of (, ), a multi-task signal-background workflow, a toy statistical analysis, and an application to ATLAS open data for . The package is available on PyPI and the source code is hosted at https://github.com/amanmdesai/RooAgent.

    hep-ph9 citations
  8. 08*

    Investigating the mass spectra of -wave singly heavy , , and baryons

    Ji-Si Pan🇨🇳 · Ji-Hai Pan🇨🇳

    In this work, we enumerated the mass spectra of the experimentally unobserved -wave states with the the orbital angular momentum = 3 for the singly heavy , , and baryons in the framework of quark-diquark configuration using the Regge trajectory model and the scaling rules. To determine the effective masses of the heavy quark and two light quarks, the relativistic effective mass formula are employed by combining the Coulomb potential. Within the spin-dependent Hamiltonian, we construct the mass shift forms as a non-diagonal symmetric matrix for the -wave states of , , and baryons. Our analysis of mass spectra provides valuable insights to guide future experimental investigations, and enhances the understanding of the spectroscopic properties of unobserved -wave orbital excitations for these singly heavy baryons.

    hep-ph0 citations
  9. 09*

    An Analysis on the Parton Distribution Functions of Heavy Mesons

    Satyajit Puhan🇮🇳

    In this work, we investigate the constituent parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the kaon and heavy pseudoscalar mesons within the light-cone quark model. Starting from the initial-scale quark and antiquark PDFs, obtained by evaluating the quark--quark correlation functions for individual mesons, we perform quantum chromodynamics (QCD) evolution to determine their partonic structure at higher energy scales. The QCD evolution is carried out using the next-to-leading-order (NLO) Dokshitzer--Gribov--Lipatov--Altarelli--Parisi (DGLAP) equations. We further compute the average longitudinal momentum fractions carried by the individual constituents at both the model and evolved scales. In addition, we predict the NLO structure functions of the kaon at energy scales relevant to the upcoming Electron--Ion Collider (EIC). For the COMPASS++/AMBER experiment, we also present detailed predictions for the NLO Drell--Yan cross sections induced by both and beams, using carbon, tungsten, and aluminum as nuclear targets. Finally, we demonstrate the dominance of the heavier constituents over the lighter constituents in heavy mesons in terms of the momentum fractions they carry.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·2 citations
  10. 10*

    Collective response and noise of a levitated ferromagnet lattice for ultralight dark matter detection

    Dongyi Yang🇨🇳 · Xiao Yang🇨🇳 · Chenxi Sun🇨🇳 · Jianwei Zhang🇨🇳

    Ultralight dark matter can induce weak oscillating magnetic-like signals and can therefore be searched for with precision magnetometry. Levitated ferromagnets provide a sensitive platform for such searches, but a single ferromagnet is limited in total polarized spin and readout performance. We investigate a levitated ferromagnet lattice as a scalable detector for ultralight dark matter. We develop a theoretical description of the collective lattice response in the fully trapped regime, incorporating dipole-dipole interactions, finite-size effects, and boundary-induced mode mixing. We further analyze the collective noise budget and show that interaction effects mainly produce a narrow blind zone through thermal-noise amplification, while away from this region, the lattice preserves favorable collective noise scaling. We then derive projected sensitivities to axion-electron, dark-photon, and axion-photon couplings. We find that the lattice improves the reach in all three channels relative to a single-ferromagnet detector, with an additional coherent signal enhancement in the axion-photon channel from the lattice-generated electromagnetic background.

    hep-ph1 citation
  11. 11*

    Entanglement Maximization and Symmetry Selection in Composite Higgs Models

    Cihang Li🇨🇳 · Teng Ma🇨🇳 · Jing Shu🇨🇳 · Mingdi Zhu🇨🇳

    Recent developments suggest that the extremization of quantum entanglement may provide a useful organizing principle for strong dynamics. While entanglement suppression characterizes low-energy QCD, we investigate the role of entanglement maximization in the electroweak symmetry breaking sector. Focusing on the Composite Higgs Model, we analyze the process by treating the fermionic helicity space as a bipartite quantum system. Maximal entanglement imposes nontrivial constraints on the fermionic effective theory and leads to two simple symmetry structures in the top sector. One is the Maximal Symmetry branch, characterized by the vanishing of the Higgs-dependent form factor and the finiteness of the Higgs potential. The other is a generalized -matching branch relating the left- and right-handed top sectors. Our results establish a quantitative connection between entanglement structure and the naturalness of electroweak symmetry breaking, and suggest that the symmetry patterns of the strong sector may be understood from the perspective of entanglement extremization.

    hep-ph6 citations
  12. 12*

    Comprehensive investigation of nucleon decays into one lepton plus two mesons

    Wei-Qi Fan🇨🇳 · Yi Liao🇨🇳 · Xiao-Dong Ma🇨🇳

    We systematically investigate baryon number violating (BNV) nucleon decays into one lepton () and two pseudoscalar mesons () within the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) framework. By employing chiral perturbation theory, we obtain general expressions for the decay widths of these three-body nucleon decay modes induced by dimension-6 LEFT BNV operators and express them in terms of the associated Wilson coefficients. Since the same set of LEFT operators contribute to the experimentally well-constrained two-body nucleon decays, we then utilize the experimental bounds on them to constrain the relevant Wilson coefficients. From the obtained constraints, we derive improved limits on the occurrence of 22 three-body modes involving a charged lepton and 9 modes containing a neutrino or an antineutrino, with the new partial lifetime bounds being orders of magnitude stronger than the existing experimental limits. Our framework and derived bounds will facilitate future experimental searches for these nucleon decays.

    hep-ph1 citation
  13. 13*

    Higher excited charmed and charmed-strange mesons in an unquenched quark model

    Ru-Hui Ni🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳 · Xian-Hui Zhong🇨🇳

    In this paper, as a continuation of our previous work, we systematically study the mass spectra and OZI-allowed strong decays of the higher -, -, -, and -wave charmed and charmed-strange mesons within a unified unquenched quark model. It is found that for most of the higher excitations, the masses are significantly shifted down by the coupled-channel effects. The newly observed reported by the LHCb collaboration could be identified as the low-mass axial-vector state via the mixing. For the broad structure observed earlier by the \emph{BABAR} collaboration, the assignment seems to be favored over the high-mass mixed state . Meanwhile, the signals observed at LHCb cannot be well understood with any , , , or assignments in the -meson family. Our predicted masses and decay properties of the missing higher and mesons may provide useful information for future experimental searches.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
  14. 14*

    MAGE-HEP: Monte Carlo Analysis and Graphical Environment for High-Energy Physics

    Rishabh Gupta🇮🇳 · Kangkan Goswami🇮🇳 · Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

    Monte Carlo event generators are central to high-energy physics analysis. However, workflows based on handwritten scripts can be difficult to reuse, modify, and reproduce when multiple Monte Carlo models, tune variations, run variations, and output formats are involved. We present MAGE-HEP, short for Monte Carlo Analysis and Graphical Environment for High-Energy Physics, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) driven workflow environment for reproducible Monte Carlo-based analyses in high-energy physics. MAGE-HEP organizes analysis workflows through a project-study-run hierarchy. The project stores the workspace, the study stores the reusable analysis context, and each run represents a controlled execution of that context. The MAGE-HEP Node API provides the analysis-building layer for defining generator configurations, observables, selections, output rules, and generated C++/ROOT analysis code. A study context can be inspected, reused, or exported as a \texttt{.mcx} context bundle, while the project state can be exported as a portable \texttt{.mgp} bundle. The current beta implementation validates the core idea using a PYTHIA8 and ROOT workflow. It includes background execution, manifest-based run tracking, live ROOT inspection, and particle-table summaries for supported output layouts. This paper describes the architecture, workflow, and current beta implementation of MAGE-HEP.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+10 citations
  15. 15*

    Branching ratios and CP violations of decays in the modified perturbative QCD approach and the relevant dark photonic decays of

    Shang Qi🇨🇳 · Mao-Zhi Yang🇨🇳

    In this work we study the radiative decays of processes in the modified perturbative QCD approach, where the transverse momenta of the quark and gluons envolved in the interaction process are kept, and the Sudakov factor is incorporated in the theoretical calculation, which are helpful to suppress the infrared end-point contribution. A critical infrared momentum cutoff scale is introduced, which is used to separate the soft and hard contributions in QCD. Then the form factors envolved in the radiative decays should be separated as hard and soft form factors. The hard form factors can be calculated with the perturbative QCD approach, while the soft form factors should be viewed as soft input parameters. The soft form factors can be obtained by confronting the theoretical calculation of the branching ratios of the radiative decay of meson with the experimental data. Summing the soft and hard form factors, we find that the total form factors are in fine agreement with that obtained by nonperturbative theoretical method, such as the light-cone sum rules of QCD. We also study decays by using the form factors obtained in the decay processes, where is the dark photon introduced by the extra symmetry model. The upper limit of the branching ratios of thes decays are estimated.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
  16. 16*

    Helicity effects in the dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism

    A. I. Baksheev🇷🇺 · V. A. Bokhan🇷🇺 · A. Kudlis🇮🇸 · I. A. Aleksandrov🇷🇺

    We study vacuum electron-positron pair production in a spatially uniform bichromatic electric field within the quantum-kinetic framework for fermions. The external background models the superposition of two counterpropagating circularly polarized laser pulses and combines a strong slowly varying component with a weak rapidly oscillating one. We analyze the weak-field multiphoton regime, the strong-field tunneling regime, and their combination corresponding to the dynamically assisted Schwinger effect. Our main focus is on helicity-resolved observables. We show that dynamical assistance enhances not only the total yield but also the helicity asymmetry: right- and left-handed electrons preferentially populate opposite momentum half-spaces. Most importantly, within the parameter range considered here, the ratio of the momentum distributions for opposite helicities is governed predominantly by the polar angle with respect to the propagation axis and depends only weakly on the momentum magnitude and azimuthal angle. The corresponding asymmetry becomes more pronounced as the weak-field frequency is increased. These results identify a clear helicity signature of the dynamically assisted Schwinger effect in rotating strong-field backgrounds and provide a compact characterization of the associated helicity-resolved spectra.

    hep-ph0 citations
  17. 17*

    Compact Tetraquarks in the Charm--Strange Sector: Mass Spectra, Rearrangement Decays and Regge Trajectories with Threshold Inputs

    Chetan Lodha🇮🇳 · Ajay Kumar Rai🇮🇳

    This work presents a spectroscopy-focused study of the compact open-charm, multi-strange tetraquark configuration \(cs\bar{s}\bar{s}\), modeled as an axial diquark-antidiquark system \([cs][\bar{s}\bar{s}]\). The conventional \(D_s\) meson spectrum is retained as a calibration sector for the model parameters and as a reference for the dominant two-meson thresholds; however, the primary emphasis is placed on the mass spectrum, threshold structure, rearrangement decay mechanisms, and Regge systematics of the \(cs\bar{s}\bar{s}\) tetraquark. The spectrum is computed within a Cornell-potential framework using both semi-relativistic and non-relativistic treatments, with the \(\bar{\mathbf{3}}-\mathbf{3}\) and \(\mathbf{6}-\bar{\mathbf{6}}\) color configurations analyzed separately. Owing to the presence of two identical strange antiquarks, Pauli symmetry imposes restrictions on the \([\bar{s}\bar{s}]\) antidiquark, favoring axial-vector building blocks as the natural low-lying degrees of freedom for the \(J^P=0^+,1^+,2^+\) tetraquark multiplet. The strong-decay sector is formulated in terms of the rearrangement topology \(cs\bar{s}\bar{s}\rightarrow(c\bar{s})(s\bar{s})\), with the \(D_s^{(*)}\eta\), \(D_s^{(*)}\eta'\), and \(D_s^{(*)}\phi\) modes identified through spin-color Fierz recoupling and normalized using two-point and three-point QCD-sum-rule amplitudes. Orbital and radial Regge trajectories are constructed to characterize the excitation patterns of the compact tetraquark and to benchmark them against the calibrated \(D_s\) spectrum. This framework provides a dedicated phenomenological basis for identifying \(cs\bar{s}\bar{s}\) candidates in hidden-strangeness open-charm final states.

    hep-ph2 citations
  18. 18*

    The Triadic Texture: Neutrino Predictions, Viable Vacuum, and Phenomenological Constraints

    Sagar Tirtha Goswami🇮🇳 · Pralay Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Subhankar Roy🇮🇳

    A minimal and predictive neutrino mass matrix texture for Majorana neutrino is proposed. The texture favours the normal hierarchy of neutrino mass eigenvalues. It further predicts the octant of , constraints , gives bounds on neutrino mass eigenvalues and also gives ranges for the two Majorana phases.The texture is realised in the framework of a Type-I seesaw and a Weinberg like dimension 6 operator under an extended symmetry of . The texture can be realised with different sets of vacuum expectation values of the associated scalar fields, but not all such sets lead to a viable scalar sector. The model also constrains the allowed channels of charged lepton flavour violation and leads to a suppressed baryon asymmetry generation through conventional leptogenesis.

    hep-ph0 citations
  19. 19*

    Positivity of the effective range for finite range attractive potentials with a repulsive core

    Davide Germani🇮🇹

    In the phenomenological study of exotic hadrons, the sign of the effective range, , is invoked as a criterion to distinguish between compact multiquark configurations (associated with ) and loosely bound hadronic molecules (). Motivated by this, we investigate the fundamental constraints on the sign of the effective range for single-channel local interactions. We rigorously prove that for finite-range potentials, characterized by an inner repulsive core and an outer attractive tail, the effective range remains strictly positive provided that the scattering length is greater than the range of the potential ().

    hep-phnucl-thquant-ph0 citations
  20. 20*

    Two-body decays of radially excited and mesons in the extended NJL model

    M.K. Volkov🇷🇺 · A.A. Pivovarov🇷🇺 · K. Nurlan🇷🇺

    In the extended NJL model, two-body strong decays of the radially excited and mesons are described. It is shown that the two-body decays play a dominant role in determining the width of the radially excited meson . At the same time, the decays make a significantly smaller contribution to the total width. It is shown that two-particle decays give only a negligible contribution to the total width of the .

    hep-ph0 citations
  21. 21*

    Gravitational form factors of light mesons from Basis Light-Front Quantization

    Amrita Sain🇨🇳 · Sreeraj Nair🇨🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳 · Xingbo Zhao🇨🇳 · James P. Vary🇺🇸

    We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the pion and kaon using their light-front wave functions within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework. The wave functions are obtained by solving a light-front effective Hamiltonian that incorporates three-dimensional confinement along with a color-singlet Nambu--Jona-Lasinio interaction between the constituent quark and antiquark. The form factor is found to be in overall agreement with recent lattice QCD and dispersive results. In contrast, is enhanced in magnitude at low relative to both lattice QCD and dispersive determinations. This behavior arises from extracting the -term using transverse components of the QCD energy--momentum tensor, which are more sensitive to the small- region and to light-front zero-mode effects in the present truncated framework. Using the resulting GFFs, we determine the mass (matter) and mechanical radii of the pion and kaon and analyze their mechanical structure through the corresponding pressure and shear-force distributions.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-th1 citation
  22. 22*

    Nested-GPT for variable-multiplicity parton showers: A case study in the resummation of non-global logarithms

    Wanchen Li🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Hao-Zhe Shi🇨🇳 · Yu-Xuan Sun🇨🇳

    We introduce Nested-GPT, a hierarchical autoregressive Transformer architecture for simulating the variable-multiplicity parton-shower histories. As a controlled benchmark, we study the leading-logarithmic resummation of non-global logarithms in the large- limit, utilizing a stochastic Monte Carlo dipole shower to generate reference training data. We systematically evaluate Nested-GPT against a Transformer flow-matching baseline. The flow-matching framework successfully parameterizes the joint distribution of emission kinematics at fixed multiplicity. Its phase-space representation, however, requires the final number of emissions to be specified externally rather than generated dynamically. Conversely, Nested-GPT strictly enforces the ordered Markovian branching structure, predicting emissions sequentially and dynamically evaluating a learned sequence-termination condition. We benchmark both approaches using gap fraction observables under two complementary training regimes: direct training on vetoed histories and inclusive training followed by an analysis-level veto. The resulting generated samples agree with the reference shower within statistical uncertainties for the observables considered. These results establish Nested-GPT as a physically consistent autoregressive surrogate for variable-multiplicity shower generator and motivate extensions to subleading-logarithmic resummation and finite- color evolution.

    hep-ph1 citation
  23. 23*

    Probing SMEFT Operators through Production with Hyper-Graph Neural Networks at the LHC

    Amir Subba🇨🇳 · Sanmay Ganguly🇮🇳

    We present a phenomenological study of production in proton-proton collisions at ~TeV, using a Hyper-Graph Neural Network (H-GNN) to discriminate multilepton signal events from the dominant SM backgrounds, namely , , , , single-top associated production, and diboson and triboson processes. In the H-GNN architecture each event is represented as a hypergraph whose nodes correspond to reconstructed jets and leptons and whose hyperedges encode higher-order correlations among arbitrary subsets of these objects, allowing the network to learn the many-body kinematic structures that characterize the final state. Combining same-sign di-lepton, tri-lepton, and four-lepton channels following a CMS-like event selection, the H-GNN attains an area under the ROC curve of for the signal and yields a statistical significance of at an integrated luminosity of , to be compared with for a SPANet baseline, for a Particle Transformer baseline, and obtained by the ATLAS analysis, evaluated under identical event selection. We exploit the improved signal extraction to derive one- and two-parameter confidence level limits on the Wilson coefficients of the dimension-six operators , , , , and , and we project the expected sensitivity at the HL-LHC integrated luminosities of and with uncertainty on the background estimation.

    hep-phcs.AIhep-ex1 citation
  24. 24*

    Quantum enhanced identification of boosted jets with quantum graph neural networks

    Parichehr Kangaziankangazi🇮🇷 · Abideh Jafari🇮🇷 · Maurizio Pierini🇨🇭 · Hamed Bakhshiansohi🇮🇷

    We present a quantum enhanced tagger to identify jets with large Lorentz boost at colliders. For the first time, a convolutional quantum graph neural network (QGNN) is designed to discriminate boosted jets arising from hadronic decays of the Z boson, against those produced from gluons with large momentum. The network receives data without any physics-driven refinement, relying solely on the dimensionality reduction. The reduction is performed using a convolutional autoencoder whose performance is improved in the presence of added noise. The latent data are put into a graph format and fed to the QGNN of ten qubits. The autoencoder and the QGNN are trained separately, and simultaneously, and the resulting performances are compared with a classic algorithm based on graph networks. The findings indicate a strong potential of quantum graph networks to reproduce the performance of classical methods.

    hep-ph0 citations
  25. 25*

    Quark and gluon tomography of the helium-4 nucleus

    V. Martínez-Fernández🇫🇷 · B. Pire🇫🇷 · P. Sznajder🇵🇱 · J. Wagner🇵🇱

    QCD collinear factorization allows coherent hard exclusive reactions to reveal the quark-gluon structure of light nuclei, enabling their 3D tomography. We study elastic form factors and deeply virtual Compton scattering on a helium-4 target, achieving theoretical precision unprecedented even in proton studies. Constraining generalized parton distributions at next-to-leading order in , incorporating kinematic twist corrections, and using full evolution equations, we provide the first tomography of a light nucleus, revealing distinct transverse spatial distributions of quarks and gluons.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th2 citations
  26. 26*

    Final-state rescattering in decays

    Zhu-Ding Duan🇨🇳 · Xiao Huang🇨🇳 · Dong-Hao Li🇨🇳 · Run-Hui Li🇨🇳 · Jian-Peng Wang🇨🇳 · Fu-Sheng Yu🇨🇳

    The LHCb Collaboration has recently reported the first observation of the decay , along with measurements of the branching fractions for both and . In this work, we investigate these two decays within the framework of final state re-scattering. Our results show that the predicted branching fractions are consistent with the experimental measurements, indicating the significant role of long-distance final-state interactions in such baryonic B decays. Furthermore, we present predictions for the direct CP asymmetries and the asymmetry parameters. Numerically, both decays exhibit nearly vanishing CP asymmetries, while displays a sizable longitudinal polarization, providing a sensitive observable for testing our theoretical framework in future experimental measurements.

    hep-ph1 citation
  27. 27*

    Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based Likelihood Extraction of Chiral-Odd Compton Form Factors from Deeply Virtual Exclusive Experiments

    Saraswati Pandey🇺🇸 · Douglas Q. Adams🇺🇸 · Simonetta Liuti🇺🇸

    We present a likelihood analysis of observables in deeply virtual exclusive meson production off the proton. The study uses experimental data for cross sections together with beam and target spin asymmetries measured in the unpolarized beams and unpolarized as well as longitudinally polarized target configurations at Jefferson Lab Halls A and B. For a fixed kinematic bin defined by , we derive a joint likelihood for the twist-two chiral-odd helicity amplitudes and the corresponding Compton Form Factors (CFFs), that parameterize the underlying QCD scattering amplitude. The joint likelihood analysis of cross-section and Asymmetry data strongly constrains the CFF parameter space beyond the either of the measurements studied alone. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are employed to explore the full parameter space, extracting the parameter uncertainties, correlations and credible intervals.

    hep-phJINST(2026)·0 citations
  28. 28*

    NLO EW and QCD dimension-6 SMEFT results for Higgs and gauge boson decays in POPxf format

    Luigi Bellafronte🇺🇸 · Sally Dawson🇺🇸 · Clara Del Pio🇺🇸 · Matthew Forslund🇺🇸 · Pier Paolo Giardino🇪🇸

    We present next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD and electroweak (EW) results using the dimension-6 SMEFT for all 2- and 4- body Higgs decays, for and decays along with the corresponding EW precision observables, and for the Higgstrahlung process at , and GeV. The results are presented in the POPxf format for ease of use in experimental and phenomenological studies. Of particular utility is the total Higgs width, including all dimension-6 contributions at NLO. In addition, we present the differential distributions for at NLO in the SMEFT.

    hep-ph2 citations
  29. 29*

    Sensitivity of MAGIX@MESA to BSM effects via Bethe-Heitler pair production

    Aleksandr Pustyntsev🇩🇪 · Marc Vanderhaeghen🇩🇪

    We explore the sensitivity of the upcoming MAGIX experiment at the MESA facility to light Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) mediators in the few to hundred MeV mass range. Utilizing high-intensity electron beams of 55 MeV and 105 MeV on a heavy target, we investigate the production of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and axial vector mediators via the Bethe-Heitler process. By optimizing the asymmetric kinematic acceptance of the double-spectrometer setup to enhance the signal over background ratio, we demonstrate that MAGIX can probe mediator-electron couplings down to , offering a competitive probe of the dark sector in the sub-GeV mass range.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
  30. 30*

    The Majoron Cosmological Window: Dark Matter and Thermal Leptogenesis

    Arturo de Giorgi🇬🇧 · Daniel Naredo-Tuero🇪🇸 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇨🇭

    The majoron is the Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry. Remarkably, the minimal majoron framework can simultaneously address three key empirical indications of physics beyond the Standard Model: neutrino masses, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, and dark matter. In this work, we identify the cosmologically viable region in which majoron dark matter and high-scale thermal leptogenesis can be realised simultaneously. We show that successful leptogenesis plays a central role in making this scenario predictive: by constraining the right-handed-neutrino mass scale, it determines the irreducible freeze-in contribution to the majoron abundance and fixes the size of the couplings relevant for visible dark matter decays. Combining the irreducible dark matter production mechanisms with warm dark matter limits and indirect searches for decaying dark matter, we map the resulting majoron cosmological window and show that future X- and gamma-ray telescopes can probe part of the surviving parameter space.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO4 citations
  31. 31*

    Neutrino Flavor Conversion Shapes the Rate of Failed Core-collapse Supernovae

    Mariam Gogilashvili🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra🇩🇰

    The relative rate of neutron stars and black holes produced by the collapse of massive stars is highly uncertain. We simulate the stellar collapse of progenitors with masses between and , incorporating a schematic treatment of neutrino flavor conversion. We find that flavor transformation reshapes the explodability of massive stars-especially in the - mass range-and modifies the compact remnant mass distribution. Our findings identify neutrino flavor conversion as a fundamental ingredient in predicting neutron star and black hole populations, while naturally easing the red-supergiant and the supernova-rate problems, as well as reconciling theoretical expectations with the low-mass tail of the observed neutron star mass distribution.

    astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-ph7 citations
  32. 32*

    Circular polarization of the cosmic microwave background induced by the optical Magnus effect on gravitational lensing

    Yusuke Nishida🇯🇵

    Polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) brings out information not only on the early universe but also on the late-time large-scale structure via weak gravitational lensing. Here, we show that circular polarization is induced in principle from CMB temperature fluctuations when the optical Magnus effect is incorporated into gravitational lensing. This is a consequence of the transverse shift of a trajectory of light depending on its helicity that requires right-handed and left-handed components at the same observation point to be sourced from different points of the surface of last scattering. Whereas the resulting circular polarization is found far beyond the scope of current detection, our work establishes the optical Magnus effect on gravitational lensing as a new fundamental mechanism to produce circular polarization of CMB.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph0 citations
  33. 33*

    Two-nucleon systems at MeV from lattice QCD

    Kuan Zhang🇨🇳 · Kang Yu🇨🇳 · Yiqi Geng🇨🇳 · Chuan Liu🇨🇳 · Liuming Liu🇨🇳 · Peng Sun🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳 · Ruilin Zhu🇨🇳

    Nucleon-nucleon systems in the and the channels are studied in lattice quantum chromodynamics at a pion mass of approximately MeV, employing three ensembles with the same pion mass and lattice spacing fm but different spatial volumes. Finite-volume energies of the nucleon-nucleon systems are determined in both the rest frame and a moving frame. The distillation quark smearing method is applied to improve the precision and to ensure the symmetric correlators by using the same interpolating operators at sink and source. The scattering amplitudes are extracted from the finite-volume spectra using the Lüscher's finite-volume method. At the studied pion mass, both the (deuteron) and (di-neutron) channels exhibit a virtual state pole, with binding energies of MeV and MeV, respectively. To investigate the effects of the left-hand cut, an alternative method -- the Non-Perturbative Hamiltonian framework (NPHF) -- is used for the scattering analysis and yields consistent results with those from the Lüscher method.

    hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·1 citation
  34. 34*

    Five legs @ three loops: N=4 sYM amplitude near mass-shell

    Andrei V. Belitsky🇺🇸 · Leonid V. Bork🇷🇺 · Roman N. Lee🇷🇺 · Vladimir A. Smirnov🇷🇺

    We present a three-loop analysis of the scattering amplitude of five nearly massless W-bosons in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The basis of the master integrals is established, making use of the unitarity-cut sewing technique in six-dimensional N=(1,1) super-Yang-Mills theory. Its dimensional reduction down to four allows us to generate masses for internal and external states. We descend on the special Coulomb branch of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory by setting all propagator masses to zero. Employing explicit expressions for all integrals that we calculated in a companion paper, we find a concise representation for this infrared-sensitive observable. We confirm its exponentiation, both for infrared and finite terms. The infrared double logarithm manifests the anticipated universality through the octagon anomalous dimension as its governing coefficient. Unlike our previous two-loop result, this consideration reveals that each of the three independent kinematic structures furnishing the amplitude possesses its own function of 't Hooft coupling.

    hep-thhep-ph2 citations
  35. 35*

    Parity violation in atoms: neutrino-mediated long range forces and finite nuclear size

    Mikhail Gorchtein🇩🇪 · Hubert Spiesberger🇩🇪

    We consider neutral-current parity-violating interactions in an atom mediated by the exchange of a neutrino-antineutrino pair. We explicitly account for the nuclear finite size encoded in the nuclear form factor. Based on its general properties, we derive an effective neutrino-mediated potential and determine its properties at short and long distances. We demonstrate that, once the form factor properties are correctly accounted for, the range of such an effective potential corresponds to the nuclear radius, removing any sensitivity to shorter-distance contributions. This potential changes sign over the atom's volume, so that the correction to the effective nuclear weak charge induced by this interaction is tiny and does not alter the interpretation of atomic parity violation experiments.

    nucl-thhep-phnucl-exphysics.atom-ph1 citation
  36. 36*

    Dense with uniform matrix product states

    Kohei Fujikura🇯🇵 · Yoshimasa Hidaka🇯🇵

    We study cold dense single-flavor gauge theory in dimensions in the thermodynamic limit using a gauge-invariant variational uniform matrix product state ansatz. This formulation provides a sign-problem-free, first-principles approach to dense QCD. We show that, at finite baryon density, the infrared behavior is consistent with a Tomonaga--Luttinger liquid: the central charge is determined to be , and the two-point function of the baryon-number density exhibits spatial modulation with the wavenumber predicted by Tomonaga--Luttinger liquid theory. The Luttinger parameter varies smoothly from in the dilute-baryon regime to at higher densities, suggesting a quarkyonic crossover. Furthermore, the quark distribution reveals the coexistence of a quark Fermi sea with a baryonic infrared description, thereby realizing the quarkyonic picture from first principles.

    hep-lathep-phhep-th2 citations
  37. 37*

    Constraints on Self-Interacting Fuzzy Dark Matter from the Stellar Kinematics of the Dwarf Galaxy Leo II

    Yi Zhao🇨🇳 · Yu-Ming Yang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Jun Bi🇨🇳 · Peng-Fei Yin🇨🇳

    The one-parameter fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model has faced increasingly stringent constraints from both Lyman- forest observations and local measurements of dwarf galaxies. A natural extension to mitigate these limits is the inclusion of FDM self-interactions. In this study, we derive constraints in the two-dimensional parameter space using the dark matter density profile inferred from a Jeans analysis of the stellar kinematics in the dwarf galaxy Leo II, which has previously been employed to constrain non-interacting FDM. We find that, for a fixed particle mass , attractive (repulsive) self-interaction leads to a more concentrated (more diffuse) FDM density profile relative to the non-interacting case, thereby improving (worsening) agreement with the Jeans analysis results. Our results indicate that, for either attractive or repulsive SI with strength , the confidence-level lower limits on lies within the range , although the precise bounds depend to some extent on the statistical method employed. This analysis simultaneously constrains the two parameters without relying on assumptions about cosmological or galaxy evolution histories, and thus offers a complementary probe to existing constraints.

    astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
  38. 38*

    Holographic entanglement entropy under external magnetic field from the EMD model

    Man-Man Sun🇨🇳 · Man-Li Tian🇨🇳 · Zhou-Run Zhu🇨🇳

    In this work, we explore holographic entanglement entropy in the QCD phase diagram under an external magnetic field using an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model. We consider both the specious-confinement and deconfined phases. In the perpendicular magnetic field orientation, the strip length shows three distinct branches, and the entanglement entropy develops a swallow-tail structure, indicating a transition between connected and disconnected entanglement surfaces. For the parallel orientation, the behavior is monotonic and no transition occurs. In addition, the difference in entanglement entropy changes smoothly with temperature at small chemical potential, but becomes multivalued at large chemical potential. Increasing the magnetic field restores single-valued behavior. These results are consistent with the black hole thermodynamics and the QCD phase diagram. Our findings show that entanglement entropy can serve as an effective probe of the QCD phase transition.

    hep-thhep-ph0 citations
  39. 39*

    Quantum Error Correction Assisted Axion Search in CMOS Spin Qubit Arrays

    Xiangjun Tan🇬🇧 · Zhanning Wang🇪🇸

    Searches for axion and axionlike dark matter based on solid-state spin qubits are fundamentally limited by strong longitudinal dephasing, which rapidly suppresses the sensitivity gains offered by entanglement. Here we show that quantum error correction (QEC) can substantially enhance axion search sensitivity in realistic semiconductor spin qubit platforms by mitigating this dominant noise source. By integrating an optimally chosen repetition code QEC with logical GHZ block entanglement, we derive closed-form expressions for the quantum Fisher information that explicitly incorporate the finite coherence time of the axion field. Our analysis demonstrates that modest QEC cycle frequencies are sufficient to significantly reduce the effective dephasing rate, thereby restoring a broad parameter regime in which entanglement-enhanced sensing surpasses the standard quantum limit. Projecting these results onto CMOS-compatible device parameters, we find that QEC-protected entangled sensing can revive otherwise inaccessible quantum advantages, yielding up to order-of-magnitude improvements in sensitivity to the axion-electron coupling . These results establish a practical and theoretically controlled pathway for using QEC to improve qubit array searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.

    quant-phhep-exhep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
  40. 40*

    Study of jet-induced hydro response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions with a flow-matching generative model

    Kai-Yi Wu🇨🇳 · Zhong Yang🇺🇸 · Long-Gang Pang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳

    In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, propagation of the energy deposited into the medium by energetic partons that traverse the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) leads to Mach-cone-like jet-induced medium response. Event-by-event simulations of jet-induced medium responses within a complete model such as the coupled Linear Boltzmann Transport and hydrodynamic (CoLBT-hydro) model are very resource-intensive. In this study, we develop a flow matching generative model trained by CoLBT-hydro events for the study of the medium response induced by -jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. With only the initial spatial and momentum information of the and jets, the generative model is shown to conditionally reproduce the marginal final-state hadron spectra from the jet-induced hydro response in Pb+Pb collisions at = 5.02~TeV. The generative model achieves a computational acceleration of approximately six orders of magnitude compared to the full CoLBT-hydro simulations, while faithfully preserving the statistical properties of the front and the diffusion wake of the Mach-cone-like hydro response and their contributions to the hadron spectra. Hadron spectra from the medium response, correlations between the front and diffusion wake and rapidity asymmetry due to the diffusion wake in -hadron correlation are further studied within the generative model.

    nucl-thhep-ph1 citation
  41. 41*

    Dynamic Aspects of Bumblebee Gravity: Post-Newtonian Approach

    Jie Zhu🇨🇳 · Hao Li🇨🇳

    In this work, we investigate the dynamic aspects of Bumblebee gravity via the parameterized post-Newtonian method. We find that the PPN framework is self-consistent up to 1.5PN order if and only if , which corresponds to a direct coupling between the Bumblebee field and the Einstein tensor. The requirement of tachyonic stability restricts the Bumblebee potential to satisfy . In the specific case where , the resulting PPN metric yields non-vanishing values for the parameters and , as well as a novel PPN potential that exhibits a logarithmic asymptotic growth. The vanishing of the potential necessitates the additional constraints or . These results signify the presence of preferred-frame effects, a direct consequence of the Lorentz symmetry breaking in the model. In the limit of small , we obtain , which yields a constraint of based on pulsar timing observations.

    gr-qchep-ph1 citation
  42. 42*

    Charged-current neutrino opacity within the relativistic Hartree-Fock framework for astrophysical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers

    Kamil Sokołowski · Anil Kumar🇵🇱 · Tobias Fischer🇵🇱

    Neutrinos and their weak interactions play a vital role in the physics of core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers. Their description within astrophysical simulations, including the weak rates, is of pivotal importance not only for the prediction of accurate neutrino fluxes and spectra, including the associated conditions relevant to nucleosynthesis, neutrinos are also responsible for heating and cooling of the stellar plasma as well as the transport of lepton number and entropy. In the present article, we develop an essential improvement of the description of the underlying nuclear medium, necessary for the calculations of charged-current weak rates, with the inclusion of explicitly momentum-dependent nuclear interactions. To this end, we introduce the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approach and the associated momentum-dependent nucleon self-energies. We discuss the resulting neutrino and antineutrino opacities and find large discrepancies comparing the weak rates at the RHF level with those of commonly used relativistic mean-field (RMF) models; in particular, we observe a substantial shift of previously reported large medium-dependent modifications associated with the RMF approach.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-th2 citations
  43. 43*

    Impact of the axion-like self-interactions in gravitational atoms for LISA

    Samuel Gómez Gómez🇪🇸 · Xisco Jimenez Forteza🇪🇸 · Carlos Palenzuela Luque🇪🇸

    Ultralight bosons with self-interactions, such as axion-like particles, can form astrophysical Bose--Einstein condensates around stars or compact objects, often referred to as gravitational atoms. In this work, we adopt a recently proposed dynamical formation mechanism for these halos and estimate their impact on extreme- and intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals when present around the primary black hole. We show that, for signal-to-noise ratios , LISA can distinguish gravitational waveforms from binaries embedded in such halo overdensities. Our analysis indicates that LISA can probe boson masses -- and decay constants -- using binaries with total masses --, assuming conservative DM densities consistent with the central values of Navarro--Frenk--White profiles. Allowing for higher background densities and different extreme-mass-ratio configurations further extends the accessible parameter space. Moreover, we find that for a binary configuration with , , and signal to noise ratio , a particle mass of eV and decay constant of GeV maximize the dephasing due to dynamical friction, enabling the recovery of the particle parameters at the percent level. These results demonstrate that LISA can place constraints on axion-like particle masses and self-interactions without requiring additional couplings to Standard Model fields.

    gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
  44. 44*

    Sequential Bayesian inference with correlated heavy-ion datasets

    Lipei Du🇺🇸

    Bayesian inference provides a natural framework for updating knowledge as new information becomes available, often in a sequential manner by incorporating datasets in stages or reusing previous posteriors as priors. In practice, this is commonly implemented using a factorized update in which datasets are treated as conditionally independent. When datasets are statistically correlated, however, this approximation becomes inconsistent with the joint likelihood and can lead to biased posterior estimates. In this work, we investigate this issue in a controlled setting using pseudo-data with a tunable covariance structure. We compare joint inference, factorized sequential updating, and a formulation based on the exact conditional likelihood. We show that factorized updates reproduce the joint posterior only in the limit of conditional independence, and otherwise lead to systematic deviations that grow with the correlation strength, while conditional updates remain consistent with the joint result. To interpret these deviations, we introduce an information decomposition that separates contributions into components that are new and components that are redundant across datasets. We show that correlations induce a structured, parameter-dependent redistribution of information, governed by the overlap of dataset sensitivities. The resulting mismatch between marginal and conditional information quantitatively explains the observed deviations. These results provide a practical diagnostic for assessing the consistency of sequential Bayesian inference with correlated datasets and highlight the need for a consistent treatment of correlations within a common probabilistic framework.

    nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex1 citation
  45. 45*

    The Case for Astrons

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Paul H. Frampton🇮🇹 · Leonardo Torcellini🇮🇹

    We examine a proposed population of primordial, electrically charged compact objects, which we call astrons, with fiducial parameters \(M_A\sim10^{12}M_\odot\), \(Q_A\sim4\times10^{32}\,\mathrm{C}\), and megaparsec-scale separations. We analyze charge generation, ordinary accretion saturation, charge persistence in an ionized medium, plasma screening, the Reissner--Nordström and Kerr--Newman geometric regimes, lensing, and the possible use of Lyman-\(\alpha\) absorption as a probe of astron electric fields, and the cosmological interpretation of a sparse charged population. The large-charge branch is not obtained from ordinary accretion saturation; it should be treated as a primordial or early-universe charge-concentration hypothesis. A horizon-mass estimate places a \(10^{12}M_\odot\) primordial object at times of order months after the Big Bang, so any relation to the early structures observed by the James Webb Space Telescope would be indirect, through later baryonic assembly around dark seeds. The main constraints are severe: plasma screening and neutralization must be avoided, the fiducial charge drives the exterior into a super-extremal regime without a Reissner--Nordström photon sphere, and the homogeneous interaction energy of a charged population scales as \(a^{-4}\). Thus the simplest FLRW perfect-fluid reduction does not generate asymptotic late-time acceleration. Any viable cosmological role for astrons must instead come from a controlled inhomogeneous Einstein--Maxwell averaging problem beyond the homogeneous approximation.

    gr-qchep-phhep-th0 citations
  46. 46*

    Renormalisation Group Invariants from Scaling and Non-overlapping Symmetries

    Apostolos Pilaftsis🇬🇧

    We show how the synergy of scaling and non-overlapping global symmetries can lead to Renormalisation Group Invariants (RGIs) among the parameters of potentials with multiple scalars. The instrumental role of scale-invariant field directions in the identification and construction of RGIs for bilinear field operators to all loops is demonstrated. We present a few illustrative examples to showcase our constructive spurion-field approach, which is applied to simple non-supersymmetric models as well as to scenarios reported recently in the literature that include the two-Higgs doublet model. The problematic issues of RGIs to address the gauge-hierarchy problem beyond supersymmetry are discussed.

    hep-thhep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
  47. 47*

    Tachyonic (In)stability in Randall-Sundrum Braneworld Scenarios

    Abhirup Karmakar🇮🇳 · Soumitra SenGupta🇮🇳

    Low-energy effective theories provide a natural description of four-dimensional physics in higher-dimensional geometries, where the imprint of the bulk geometry appears as parameters of the lower-dimensional theory. Inspired by the Damour-Esposito-Farése (DEF) model of spontaneous scalarization in first generation Scalar-Tensor theories of gravity, we investigate the possibility of tachyonic instability and spontaneous scalarization in braneworld scenarios. We consider the two-brane Randall-Sundrum model where the low-energy effective theory on either brane is of scalar-tensor nature with the extra-dimensional radion playing the role of the scalar. We have determined the possibilities for tachyonic (in)stability of the radion field on either brane in three scenarios: the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with fine-tuning conditions in which the potential of the radion field vanishes identically, the RS model without fine-tunings where the radion potential arises purely from the gravity sector and the RS model with a bulk stabilizing field that generates a radion potential with a minimum. With the bulk stabilizing field, we have found that on-brane matter with changes the VEV of the radion, destroying the resolution of the gauge hierarchy problem, whereas on-brane matter with does not alter the stability and VEV of the radion. We further determined the exact condition of tachyonic (in)stability of radion field with the on-brane dS and AdS geometries.

    hep-thgr-qchep-ph1 citation
  48. 48*

    The Classical Gravitational Impulse at High Energies

    Michael Saavedra🇺🇸

    We compute the gravitational impulse for two classical massive scalars in the ultrarelativistic limit to all orders in Newton's constant at fixed to . By computing the 4 and 5-point scattering amplitudes in the small-mass regime of , we are able to resum all large corrections. Applying the KMOC formula for the impulse and taking the large mass limit, we recover the classical result at high energies. This resummation is in complete agreement with known results in the post-Minkowski expansion, and in the massless limit we recover previous results for the radiated energy. We use this resummed amplitude to predict the leading high-energy behavior of the PM expansion to eleventh post-Minkowski order.

    hep-thgr-qchep-ph4 citations
  49. 49*

    Flavor Conversion Enhances or Suppresses Supernova Explodability Independent of the Progenitor Mass

    Mariam Gogilashvili🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra🇩🇰

    Flavor conversion can affect the neutrino-driven delayed explosion mechanism of collapsing massive stars, altering the efficiency of shock revival. We perform core-collapse supernova simulations in spherical symmetry for a set of progenitors with masses of , , , , , and , accounting for a mixing-length treatment for convection. Flavor conversion is modeled assuming instantaneous flavor equipartition below a critical baryon density, while conserving the lepton number. Regardless of the progenitor compactness, its mass, or the nuclear equation of state, we find that flavor conversion can increase heating (cooling) and enhance (hinder) the supernova explosion, if triggered near the gain (neutrino decoupling) region. Our findings suggest that the interplay among the region of the supernova core where flavor conversion occurs, the progenitor properties, and the nuclear equation of state is crucial in determining the fate of explosion and the properties of the compact remnant.

    astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phPRD(2026)·6 citations
  50. 50*

    Hamilton-Jacobi Approach to Inflationary Scenarios through Extended Entropies: An Observational Perspective

    H R M Zarandi🇮🇷 · Esmaiel Ebrahimi🇮🇷 · Yo Toda🇯🇵

    The slow-roll inflation paradigm can be systematically generalized within the framework of non-standard entropy formalisms, giving rise to a broad class of inflationary models that deviate from the conventional Bekenstein--Hawking case. We adopt a pragmatic observational strategy, employing the Hamilton--Jacobi formalism to establish a direct link between the inflationary potential, the generalized entropy function, and the resulting cosmological observables. In this approach we introduce a novel non-linear parametrization of the Hubble parameter, yielding sensible results, including consistency with recent observational data and new estimates of the cosmological parameters of the generalized entropy framework: the Tsallis parameter , the Rényi parameter , and the Kaniadakis statistics parameter . Our analysis proceeds in two regimes: first, by constraining models directly with the primary inflationary parameters including the scalar spectral index () and the tensor-to-scalar ratio (); second, by exploring the impact of the observational uncertainty on the upper bound of (), which we vary to assess its influence on parameter estimation. This dual approach yields complementary posterior distributions that restrict the viable parameter space of entropy-based inflationary models. We further highlight the implications of the Hamilton--Jacobi method for the dynamics of the inflationary epoch, the reheating process, and, as a secondary objective, the subsequent evolution of cosmic structure in the late universe.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.