Fri·May 15, 2026Friday·May 15, 2026

1. 01*

   New analysis for Nucleon Form Factors from GPDs

   Fatemeh Arbabifar🇮🇷 · Nader Morshedian🇮🇷 · Shahin Atashbar Tehrani🇮🇷

   Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) provide a comprehensive framework for describing the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon. Extracting GPDs from experimental data requires flexible and physically motivated ansatz. In this study, we introduce a new ansatz, AMA25, designed to address the limitations of the previous model, GSAMA24 (Phys. Rev. C 111 (2025) 2, 025203). We conduct a fast and efficient comparison by fitting AMA25 models and other relevant data using the iMinuit optimization package within a Jupyter Notebook environment. The AMA25 ansatz demonstrates superior fit quality, achieving a reduced ${\chi }^2$, while better satisfying theoretical constraints. Additionally, AMA25 exhibits enhanced stability when extrapolated to the exclusive region. Our analysis highlights the power of modern computational tools for rapid model validation and underscores the importance of innovative ansatz in advancing nucleon structure studies.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2026)·2 citations
2. 02*

   Matching collinear factorization with color-glass condensate for inclusive and exclusive deep inelastic scattering

   Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Chuan-Qi He🇨🇳 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Diego Padilla🇺🇸 · Jani Penttala🇺🇸

   Collinear factorization and color-glass condensate (CGC) effective field theory are generally treated as separate approaches for calculating scattering amplitudes, valid in different kinematic regimes. For deep inelastic scattering at high photon virtuality and high center-of-mass energy, however, both of these approaches should be applicable. By expressing collinear parton distributions and generalized parton distributions in the shockwave approximation, we show that the resulting collinear-factorization amplitudes exactly reproduce the large-$Q^2$ expansion of CGC amplitudes for inclusive deep inelastic scattering, deeply virtual Compton scattering, and deeply virtual meson production. The matching holds directly at the amplitude level and includes both logarithmically enhanced and finite contributions. Our results establish the consistency between collinear factorization and the CGC in their common region of validity, clarify the origin of large momentum logarithms within the CGC framework, and provide a path toward combining high-energy and collinear evolution in a unified description of hadronic structure at small $x$ and large momentum scales.

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
3. 03*

   Approximate mass spectra of the heavy mesons under a Coulomb plus logarithmic spin-dependent potential function

   E. Omugbe🇳🇬 · E. P Inyang🇳🇬 · K. Adegoke🇳🇬 · E. M. Khokha🇪🇬

   In this paper, we presented an approximate analytical treatment of the Coulomb plus logarithmic potential using perturbation theory to investigate the mass spectra of bottomonium and charmonium mesons for the low-order quantum states. The derived energy equation, to first-order corrections, was employed to model the free potential parameters through fitting to experimental data of the Particle Data Group. The proposed potential successfully reproduces asymptotic freedom at short distances through one-gluon exchange interactions and quark confinement at large distances, which are the essential features of the strong interactions in Quantum chromodynamics theory. The calculated bottomonium masses exhibited excellent agreement with experimental values, yielding an absolute percentage average deviation (APAD) of 0.24%, which improves upon several previously reported theoretical results. Similarly, the vector and pseudoscalar charmonium masses were obtained with an APAD of 1.65%, demonstrating improved and comparable accuracy relative to existing competing theoretical calculations. Although our results were limited to first-order corrections to the energy spectra within the perturbation theory, the reliability of the approximation was validated by comparison with exact numerical solutions obtained using the matrix Numerov method. The small percentage errors obtained confirm the effectiveness of the phenomenological potential and perturbation approximation in describing quarkonia systems. The results suggest that the approach can be reliably extended to higher excited states.

   hep-phhep-thAdv.High Energy Phys.(2026)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Theory and Empirical Models of Pionless Neutrino-Argon Scattering in GENIE

   Liang Liu🇺🇸 · Steven Gardiner🇺🇸 · Steven Dytman🇺🇸

   Upcoming experiments need improved simulations of neutrino scattering. This work uses the popular GENIE event generator to test a variety of neutrino interaction models against recent MicroBooNE measurements of pionless charged-current interactions. The GENIE code can easily interchange model components, including nucleon form factor parameterizations, quasielastic cross-section calculations, treatments of the nuclear ground state and hadronic final-state interactions. Leveraging this software capability in comparisons with MicroBooNE data, the performance of some of GENIE's most theoretically sophisticated model components is evaluated and contrasted with more empirically-driven alternatives.

   hep-phPLB(2026)·3 citations
5. 05*

   ${\tau }^{-}\to \omega {\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ decay in R$\chi$T with tensor sources

   Feng-Zhi Chen🇨🇳 · Xin-Qiang Li🇨🇳 · Yuan-He Zou🇨🇳

   We present a study of the ${\tau }^{-}\to \omega {\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ decay in the framework of low-energy effective field theory. By analyzing the $J^{PG}$ quantum numbers of the quark currents and the $\omega \pi$ final state, we find that only the Standard Model (SM) vector interaction and the non-standard tensor interaction can contribute to this decay. We construct the resonance chiral theory Lagrangian with external tensor sources and calculate both the vector and tensor form factors, with resonance couplings determined through QCD short-distance constraints, spectral function fitting, and chiral perturbation theory matching. The new physics (NP) effect is investigated in the spectral function and forward-backward asymmetry distributions. Our results show that the spectral function is dominated by the SM, while the forward-backward asymmetry, which can only arise from a non-zero tensor interaction, provides a sensitive probe of this NP effect. Future measurements at Belle II, Tera-Z, and STCF facilities are therefore strongly motivated.

   hep-ph0 citations
6. 06*

   Complete one-loop self-energies of the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at finite temperature and in a magnetic field

   Adolfo Flores-Aguilar🇲🇽 · Luis A. Hernández🇲🇽 · J. Carlos Márquez🇲🇽 · R. Zamora🇨🇱

   We present a complete calculation of the one-loop self-energies for all fields in the linear sigma model coupled to quarks at finite temperature and in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The analysis consistently incorporates thermal and magnetic effects for both neutral and charged degrees of freedom, providing a unified framework valid for arbitrary values of the temperature and the field strength. The computation is performed using the Matsubara formalism to account for finite temperature effects and the Schwinger proper-time representation for charged propagators in a magnetic background. Special attention is given to loop contributions involving particles with different electric charges, for which the associated Schwinger phases do not cancel. We show that these terms can be systematically evaluated in coordinate space using the Ritus formalism, which provides the appropriate framework for treating external charged states in the presence of a magnetic background, and consistently expressed in momentum space. The resulting expressions exhibit a nontrivial interplay between thermal fluctuations and magnetic effects and allow for a clear separation between vacuum and matter contributions, providing a well-defined structure for the identification of ultraviolet divergences. Our results establish a consistent and systematic framework for the computation of thermomagnetic one-loop corrections in effective models of QCD, capturing the full interplay between thermal and magnetic effects for all dynamical degrees of freedom.

   hep-phhep-th0 citations
7. 07*

   Kapitza Dynamics as a New Stabilization Mechanism for Heavy Tetraquarks

   M. Monemzadeh🇮🇷 · N. Tazimi🇮🇷

   We investigate a Kapitza-inspired mechanism in which rapid oscillations in the heavy-quark interaction generate an effective short-range repulsive term in the diquark--antidiquark potential. The resulting $1/r^4$ contribution prevents collapse at short distances and produces a stable minimum in the effective potential. Within a diquark--antidiquark picture, we construct a modified Cornell-type potential and analyze the spectrum of heavy tetraquarks using a Gaussian variational method. We compute the binding energies, wave functions, radii, and mass spectra of charm and bottom tetraquarks, including the $X(3872)$, $T_{bb}$, and fully heavy $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$ states. The model reproduces the mass of the $X(3872)$ and predicts a deeply bound $T_{bb}$ state consistent with lattice QCD. The fully heavy $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$ mass also agrees with recent lattice determinations. Our results indicate that the Kapitza mechanism provides a natural and robust stabilization effect in multiquark systems and offers a unified description of molecular-like and compact tetraquark configurations.

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   Perspective of inert quartet in the context of perturbativity and dark matter phenomenology

   Pram Milan P. Robin🇮🇳 · Priyotosh Bandyopadhyay🇮🇳

   In this article we consider a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-odd $SU(2)$ quartet with hypercharge $Y=+\frac{1}{2}$ as an extension of the Standard Model whose scalar potential which introduces three additional Higgs portal and two self-couplings. We first investigate the possibility of having Landau poles (LPs) in one-loop and Fixed Points (FPs) in two-loop $\beta$-functions of the Higgs quartic couplings. The role of portal and self-couplings with and without residual phases is extensively investigated in obtaining the Fixed Point at two-loop. The model also can provide us with ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-odd neutral scalar as the possible dark matter. However not always the lightest state corresponds to the neutral states, and we look into one-loop mass correction for an enhanced dark matter parameter space. This also gives rise to interesting phenomenology of the next-to-lightest particle which can be singly charged, doubly charged or neutral scalar. We performed a detailed study of dark matter relic calculation with one-loop masses and with direct detection bounds, and found out that, unlike the minimal inert extensions of $SU(2)$ multiplets, here the dark matter mass can go beyond 15 TeV without crossing the observed relic. Finally, we summarized with a few benchmark points for future studies.

   hep-ph0 citations
9. 09*

   Reconciling TM${}_2$ Mixing with LMA and Dark-LMA Data based on Minimal Corrections from Charged-Lepton Sector

   Ayush Kumar Singh🇮🇳 · Tapender · Labh Singh🇮🇳 · Surender Verma🇮🇳

   Motivated by the increasing precision of neutrino oscillation data, we study the corrections to the TM${}_2$ neutrino mixing framework, emanating from $(1,2)$ sector of the charged lepton, for both the standard LMA and dark-LMA solutions. We employ the Wolfenstein parameterization of the charged-lepton mixing matrix, characterized by two additional parameters $(\lambda ,\delta )$, which effectively reconciles the TM${}_2$ neutrino-mixing predictions with current oscillation data. For the LMA solution, the allowed ranges are $0.1\lesssim \lambda \lesssim 0.33$ and $\delta \in (20^{\circ }-90^{\circ })\oplus (270^{\circ }-340^{\circ })$, while the dark-LMA case requires $\lambda >0.24$ and $125^{\circ }<\delta <235^{\circ }$. Interestingly, for LMA case, the upper bound $\lambda \le 0.33$ is found to be dictated by the atmospheric mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$. The model predicts sizeable CP violation, with $|J_{CP}|$ reaching values as large as $0.13$. We, also, analyze the effective Majorana mass parameter $m_{ee}$ relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay. The inverted hierarchy region lies within the sensitivity of future experiments for both solutions, whereas only part of the normal hierarchy region can be tested.

   hep-ph2 citations
10. 10*

    Scattering and depletion in a flying focus from conformal transformations

    Tim Adamo🇬🇧 · Anton Ilderton🇬🇧 · Adam Noble🇬🇧

    We show that flying focus fields can be obtained from complex conformal transformation of plane waves, and that solutions of the massless wave equation in the so-obtained fields are, correspondingly, conformal transformations of the Volkov solutions. This leads to the result that photon emission amplitudes in a totally depleting flying focus beam may be computed directly from the corresponding plane wave amplitudes by taking a simple Gaussian average over certain momentum variables. In effect, this gives a way of introducing focussing effects into strong-field QED calculations `for free'. The extension of these results to scattering amplitudes including only partial depletion is discussed and some first results presented in the anti-self-dual limit.

    hep-phhep-th0 citations
11. 11*

    Radiative correction to the charge asymmetry in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ process

    Roman E. Gerasimov🇷🇺 · Petr A. Krachkov🇷🇺 · Roman N. Lee🇷🇺

    We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QED corrections to the $C$-odd part of the differential cross section of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ process. This part contributes to the angular and forward-backward asymmetry. Together with our earlier paper [10.1007/JHEP08(2025)118], this work completes the analytical calculation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ differential cross section at NNLO.

    hep-ph1 citation
12. 12*

    AI-Driven Discovery of Information-Efficient Collider Observables for Interference Measurements

    Jiahui Lin🇺🇸 · Yandong Liu🇨🇳

    Optimal observables provide statistically powerful probes of small deformations from a reference theory, but in realistic collider measurements they are rarely available in compact analytic form. We show that interpretable event-level observables can be discovered by AI-driven symbolic evolution using score information from matrix-element reweighting as the statistical target. Focusing on the CP-sensitive interaction $H{Z}_{\mu \nu }{\tilde{Z}}^{\mu \nu }$, we study two complementary realizations of the same coupling structure: associated production $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Z(\to {\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+})H$ and the decay channel $pp\to H\to Z{Z}^{\ast }\to e^{-}{e}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}$. The learned observables retain substantially more local Fisher information than standard angular baselines while remaining compact analytic functions. In both cases, the discovered expressions recover characteristic helicity-interference harmonics. In associated production these harmonics are supplemented by laboratory-frame asymmetry mappings, while in four-lepton decay the robust component is the angular kernel, with the mass-ratio factor serving as a bounded representative prefactor. These results recast optimal-observable design as a symbolic discovery problem and provide a transparent route to information-efficient, interpretable probes of collider interference.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    Unified study of scalar, vector and tensor two-meson form factors in $U(3)$ resonance chiral theory

    Jin Hao🇨🇳 · Chun-Gui Duan🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · J. Oller🇪🇸 · J. Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸

    We perform a systematic study of two-meson form factors of the scalar, vector, and anti-symmetric tensor types within the framework of the $U(3)$ resonance chiral theory. The complete perturbative form factors in both the strangeness-conserving and strangeness-changing channels are calculated by incorporating one-loop light-flavor pseudoscalar meson contributions and tree-level resonance exchanges. With these newly calculated chiral results, we construct the corresponding unitarized form factors by incorporating meson-meson final-state interactions. The parameter values obtained in previous meson-meson scattering studies are then exploited to predict the corresponding form factors. Different types of form factors are found to exhibit rather distinct resonance structures across channels.

    hep-ph0 citations
14. 14*

    CP asymmetries in $D\to K_{S,L}^{0}P$ and $D\to K_{S,L}^{0}V$ decays

    Ying-Xin Lai🇨🇳 · Di Wang🇨🇳

    $D$ meson decays into neutral kaons involve both Cabibbo-favored and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes as well as final-state kaon mixing, providing abundant sources of CP violation. In this work, we analyze CP asymmetries in the $D\to K_{S,L}^{0}P$ and $D\to K_{S,L}^{0}V$ decays, where $P$ and $V$ denote pseudoscalar and vector mesons respectively. The formulas of the time-dependent and time-integrated CP asymmetries in these modes are derived, in which the $D^0-{\overline{D}}^0$ mixing effects and the $K_L^0$ modes are considered for the first time. The hadronic parameters that determine CP asymmetries are extracted by the global fit of branching fractions within the topological diagram approach. A significant result is that the tension between theoretical predictions and experimental data for the $K_S^0-K_L^0$ asymmetries in $D^0\to K_{S,L}^0\omega$ and $D^0\to K_{S,L}^0\varphi$ modes is mitigated. The CP-violating effects arising from the interference between Cabibbo-favored and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes with neutral kaon mixing could reach to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ order in the $D^{+}\to K_S^0{\pi }^{+}$, $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}^{+}$, $D^0\to K_S^0{\rho }^0$, and $D^0\to K_S^0\varphi$ modes. The difference between the CP asymmetries in the $D^{+}\to K_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ and $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}^{+}$ modes will be available on LHCb and Belle II in the near future.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Radiative decays of the $\Lambda (1520)$ as a dynamically generated resonance

    Rui-Xiang Shi🇨🇳 · Yu-Bao Zhang🇨🇳 · Jun-Xu Lu🇨🇳 · Chun-Yan Song🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    Inspired by the latest BESIII measurement of the $\Lambda (1520)\to \gamma {\Sigma }^0$ radiative decay, we systematically study the decays $\Lambda (1520)\to \gamma \Lambda ({\Sigma }^0)$ within the chiral unitary approach, where the $\Lambda (1520)$ is treated as a dynamically generated resonance from meson-baryon interactions. Compared with previous chiral unitary studies, we adopt dimensional regularization for $S$-wave loop integrals to preserve gauge invariance and, for the first time, include Feynman diagrams with photon coupling to intermediate baryons. Our calculated partial decay width $\Gamma (\Lambda (1520)\to \gamma {\Sigma }^0)$ agrees well with the new BESIII data, whereas the predicted $\Gamma (\Lambda (1520)\to \gamma \Lambda )$ is considerably smaller than the CLAS experimental result. By comparing our results with predictions from various quark models, we discuss the internal nature of the $\Lambda (1520)$ resonance, highlight its complex component structure, and stress the need for more refined theoretical frameworks and further experimental measurements.

    hep-ph0 citations
16. 16*

    Effective Matter Flavor Conversion Mediated by Pseudo-Sterile States as the Possible Origin of Neutrino Oscillation Anomalies

    Sabya Sachi Chatterjee🇩🇪 · Antonio Palazzo🇮🇹

    Neutrino oscillation experiments present anomalous results across a vast range of baselines and energies. Here we show that a 3+1 scenario in which sterile neutrinos feel a novel matter potential $V_s$ proportional to background density of ordinary or (asymmetric) dark matter is able to explain several anomalies. At low-energies ($E\lesssim$ 1 TeV) the model behaves as an effective 3-flavor NSI-like scheme among active flavors and eliminates the tension between the two LBL experiments NOvA and T2K provided that the potential is negative and the two sterile mixing angles ${\theta }_{14}$ and ${\theta }_{24}$ are non-zero. A further indication in favor of a negative non-zero potential comes from the anomalous excess of ${\nu }_e$-like events observed in Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrinos, which, in the new scenario is explained by a modification of the 3-flavor resonance at few GeV. A high energies ($E\gtrsim$ 1 TeV) the new framework reveals its 4-flavor nature and produces a resonant behavior at $E\simeq$ 10 TeV as hinted at by IceCube. We identify an irreducible 3-level dynamics generating a new resonance in the $({\nu }_e,{\nu }_{\mu })$ sector intertwined with two conventional resonances in the $({\nu }_e,{\nu }_s$) and $({\nu }_{\mu },{\nu }_s)$ systems. The novel amplification mechanism manifests with the emergence of effective mixing angles in matter (${\theta }_{12}^m$ or ${\theta }_{13}^m$) involving active neutrinos. The scenario requires values of $f=V_s/|V_{NC}|\sim -20$, $\Delta m_{41}^2\sim 60$ eV${}^2$, $|U_{e4}{|}^2\simeq {\sin }^2{\theta }_{14}\simeq 0.01-0.03$ and $|U_{\mu 4}{|}^2\simeq {\sin }^2{\theta }_{24}\simeq 10^{-4}-10^{-3}$. Such a very small size of $|U_{\mu 4}{|}^2$ eliminates the tension between IceCube and the other ${\nu }_{\mu }$ disappearance searches. The model can be directly probed by KATRIN, which is very sensitive to the electron-sterile neutrino admixture in the region of high $\Delta m_{41}^2$.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex0 citations
17. 17*

    Matching higher-dimensional operators at finite temperature for general models

    Fabio Bernardo🇨🇭 · Romain Guillermo Reinle🇨🇭 · Philipp Schicho🇨🇭

    High-temperature dimensional reduction provides a systematic effective field theory framework for studying finite-temperature thermodynamics and cosmological phase transitions. While the matching of super-renormalizable operators in the resulting three-dimensional effective theories is well established, the matching of higher-dimensional operators has recently been reinvigorated. These operators become phenomenologically relevant in strong first-order phase transitions where they quantify the convergence of the high-temperature expansion. This work automates the matching of generic three-dimensional dimension-five and -six operators for arbitrary models containing scalars, fermions, and gauge fields, implemented as an extension of the Mathematica package DRalgo. We present the operator basis, the matching procedure, and explicit examples including a scalar-Yukawa model, hot QCD, and the full Standard Model up to dimension six, covering operators mixing the strong and electroweak sectors as well as parity-violating contributions. Redundant operators, gauge dependence, and the corresponding field redefinitions are discussed in detail. The code and example model files are publicly available at https://github.com/DR-algo/DRalgo.

    hep-ph4 citations
18. 18*

    TransitionListener v2.0 -- Robust gravitational wave predictions for cosmological phase transitions

    Jonas Matuszak🇩🇪 · Carlo Tasillo🇸🇪

    Gravitational wave backgrounds from strong first-order cosmological phase transitions are key observational targets predicted by many SM extensions and might be observed by current and future observatories like LISA, the Einstein Telescope or pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Still, their precise forecast given a specific model remains a challenge. In this article, we present TransitionListener v2.0, a Python framework for precision studies of cosmological phase transitions and their associated gravitational wave (GW) signals. The code provides an end-to-end pipeline from a user-defined scalar potential to GW spectra and signal-to-noise ratios, enabling both benchmark studies and large-scale parameter scans. Version 2 introduces a self-consistent treatment of the transition dynamics, including the evolution of the true-vacuum fraction and its backreaction on the Hubble expansion, as well as a consistent description of reheating during percolation. A direct computation of the mean bubble separation allows to faithfully map to the GW spectral templates from bubble collisions, sound waves, and turbulence stemming from state-of-the-art simulations. TransitionListener includes built-in sensitivity curves for space- and ground-based detectors and PTAs, interfaces to PTA likelihoods, and wrappers for Bayesian model inference and high-dimensional parameter scans. Compared to existing public tools, TransitionListener v2.0 improves the physical consistency and numerical stability of GW predictions across a wide range of models, with particular emphasis on the strongly supercooled and ultraslow transition regime where conventional approximations break down and the most promising GW signals are expected.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO10 citations
19. 19*

    Magnetic Turbulence Boosts Supernova Signals of Axion-Photon Conversion

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇮🇹 · Ángel Gil Muyor🇮🇹 · Georg G. Raffelt🇩🇪 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇮🇹

    Magnetic fields between a supernova (SN) and Earth convert axions into gamma rays. The absence of such a signal in coincidence with SN 1987A neutrinos, using the coherent Milky Way field, provides well-studied constraints on $g_{ap}\times g_{a\gamma }$ (axion-proton times axion-photon couplings) and on $g_{a\gamma }$ alone. We show that the small-scale power of the turbulent magnetic field component boosts axion-photon conversion and, crucially, extends sensitivity to larger masses. The turbulent field components of the Milky Way and of the Large Magellanic Cloud (hosting SN 1987A) yield improvements of up to two orders of magnitude in $g_{ap}\times g_{a\gamma }$. Turbulence should likely impact the sensitivity of other searches based on other axion-photon conversion sites, such as starburst galaxies.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE1 citation
20. 20*

    USMEFT as a tool for discovery of universal new physics at high luminosity LHC

    Tyler Corbett🇦🇹 · Jay Desai🇺🇸 · O. J. P. Eboli🇧🇷 · M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia🇺🇸 · Matheus Martines🇧🇷

    We analyze the potential of the Universal SMEFT as a tool to study universal new physics in the neutral and charged Drell-Yan processes at the high-luminosity LHC. In order to do so, we generated pseudo-data containing the contributions of beyond the standard model vector bosons to the dilepton production. Our results show that fits with the minimal theoretical bias can be used not only to unveil the existence of new physics but also to accurately extract its properties. Moreover, the results are rather stable with respect to the order of truncation of the effective field theory.

    hep-ph0 citations
21. 21*

    Hierarchies from Higher Flavor Spin

    Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Alessandro Valenti🇨🇭

    We develop a framework in which Yukawa hierarchies arise from powers of fully anarchic spurions transforming in higher representations of the flavor symmetry group $SU(2{)}^{n_2}\times SU(3{)}^{n_3}$. The core mechanism is the progressive lifting of Yukawa ranks through successive outer products of composite doublets and triplets. We formulate the general construction in detail and build explicit models realizing it. We then investigate whether renormalizable scalar potentials for higher $SU(2)$ representations can dynamically generate anarchic spurions with non-vanishing composites. The framework predicts distinctive patterns in flavor-changing neutral currents and potentially observable stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th1 citation
22. 22*

    Light states in real 3HDMs with spontaneous CP violation and softly broken symmetries

    José M. Camacho🇪🇸 · Carlos Miró🇮🇹 · Miguel Nebot🇪🇸 · Daniel Queiroz🇪🇸 · Tomás Tobarra🇪🇸

    Scalar sectors with several Higgs doublets, a CP invariant potential, and a CP violating vacuum, possess a mass spectrum in which, unexpectedly, new scalars cannot have masses much larger than the electroweak scale once perturbativity requirements are imposed on the quartic couplings of the Higgs potential and despite the presence of free quadratic (mass) terms that can be arbitrarily large. The minimal model in which this behavior is manifest involves 3 Higgs doublets. We analyze and illustrate in detail that kind of scenario including an additional simplifying assumption: the quartic part of the potential is shaped by some discrete symmetry. Besides analytic results, a numerical analysis is presented together with some phenomenological consequences derived only from the properties of the scalar sector alone.

    hep-phEPJC(2026)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Sivers Tomography from Charge and Angle Only

    Haotian Cao🇺🇸 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · Frank Petriello🇺🇸

    We propose a one-point charge-correlator (OPCC) probe of the Sivers effect in back-to-back deep-inelastic scattering. This measurement uses only the signs and directions of charged tracks, with no calorimetric or particle-identification information required. The observable weights the final state by its electric charge and measures the azimuthal correlation between the charge flow and the transverse spin of the proton. This probe is shown to be IRC finite and admits a factorization involving the usual Sivers distribution and a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function for small transverse seperation $b\ll {\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}^{-1}$, with no reliance on non-perturbative fragmentation functions or track functions due to charge conservation. We validate the factorization against the full fixed-order QCD and present resummed predictions at N\(^3\)LL accuracy for the unpolarized distribution and N\(^2\)LL for the Sivers asymmetry. The OPCC provides a theoretically clean and simple experimental measurement, and establishes a charge-and-angle measurement paradigm for spin physics at a future Electron-Ion Collider.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-th4 citations
24. 24*

    Prompt photon production in a bremsstrahlung in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}$=10 GeV NICA energies

    Mohsun Rasim Alizada🇦🇿 · Azar Inshalla Ahmadov🇦🇿

    The dependence of differential cross-section of prompt photon production in bremsstrahlung \(qq \rightarrow qq\gamma\) at collisions of nonpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons at \(\sqrt{s}\)=10 GeV NICA energies on the kinematic parameters: sum of energy of the colliding protons \(\sqrt{s}\), the transverse momentum \emph{p\textsubscript{T}}, the cosine of the scattering angle \emph{Cos({\theta})}, the rapidity \emph{y} of photon and \emph{x\textsubscript{T}} has been investigated. Differential cross-section of bremsstrahlung accounts for 0.03\% of the total diferential cross section for the production of prompt photons in a proton-proton collisions at NICA entrgies. The polarization of protons has a large influence on the differential cross-section of bremsstrahlung \(qq \rightarrow qq\gamma\), at large values of the transverse momentum of prompt photons. Double spin asymmetry of process of bremsstrahlung on the kinematic parameters has been studied.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·0 citations
25. 25*

    Rapid and robust simulation-based inference for kilonovae

    Stephanie M. Brown · Mattia Bulla · Hiranya V. Peiris🇬🇧 · Nikhil Sarin · Daniel Mortlock · Stephen Thorp · Gurjeet Jagwani · Stephan Rosswog🇩🇪 · Samaya Nissanke🇳🇱

    With the next generation of both electromagnetic and gravitational wave observatories beginning to come online, rapid analysis methods for kilonova data are becoming increasingly important in astronomy. Traditional Bayesian parameter estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is time-consuming and relies on explicit likelihood approximations that can break down when modeling uncertainties are significant. We develop a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework for kilonova parameter estimation using density-estimation likelihood-free inference. The framework uses a Gaussian process emulator trained on $\sim 1300$ POSSIS simulations. We demonstrate that SBI provides a rapid alternative to MCMC that is robust to likelihood misspecification. The standard Gaussian likelihood approximation fails to capture the non-Gaussian, correlated structure of emulator uncertainty; SBI learns this structure directly from forward simulations. Simulation studies show that the SBI method accurately recovers injected parameters, while the MCMC suffers from systematic bias caused by likelihood misspecification. This problem persists when analyzing AT2017gfo, where a subset of the MCMC posteriors pile up at prior boundaries and the SBI posteriors do not. The SBI framework infers a total ejecta mass of $\sim 0.087M_{\odot }$ dominated by lanthanide-poor ejecta and excludes toroidal and peanut ejecta geometries at the 99th percentile for both components. The SBI framework generates $\sim 2\times 10^4$ posterior samples in seconds.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HEhep-ph3 citations
26. 26*

    Taming nuclear size and shape effects in superallowed beta-decay

    Bingcheng He🇺🇸 · Mikhail Gorchtein🇩🇪 · Matthias Heinz🇺🇸 · Ben Ohayon🇮🇱 · Lucas Platter🇺🇸 · Chien-Yeah Seng🇺🇸

    We present the first combined analysis of the statistical rate function f in superallowed beta decays with ab initio calculations and data. We focus on C10 to 10B, 14O to 14N and 26mAl to 26Mg, all of which are important channels for the precise determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element Vud. Nuclear charge form factors are obtained by combining experimental data on nuclear charge radii and theory calculations of ratios of moments with the in-medium similarity renormalization group, while the beta decay form factors are derived from exact isospin relations. This enables a rigorous study of the nuclear shape dependence in the statistical rate function f and the quantification of its uncertainties from both experiment and theory. The calculation leads to a more precise test for the first-row CKM unitarity with reduced theoretical uncertainties. This work demonstrates a reliable strategy for combining nuclear many-body calculations with high-precision nuclear data to describe beta decays at tree level for precision tests of the Standard Model.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex3 citations
27. 27*

    The Magnetic Origin of Primordial Black Holes: Ultralight PBHs and Secondary GWs

    Subhasis Maiti🇮🇳 · Debaprasad Maity🇮🇳

    Ultralight primordial black holes (PBHs) provide a compelling window into early-Universe cosmology. Following our earlier work, we explore a mechanism for the formation of ultralight PBHs sourced by primordial inflationary magnetic fields, without invoking an ultra-slow-roll phase of inflation. We propose a magnetogenesis model in which large curvature perturbations are induced at small scales, leading to the efficient production of ultralight PBHs across a broad mass spectrum. We analyze the phenomenological implications of these ultralight PBHs for early-Universe cosmology, particularly during reheating. We compute the resulting stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background generated by both the electromagnetic spectrum and evaporating PBHs, which exhibits distinctive features tied to the underlying magnetogenesis model parameters. Our results demonstrate that inflationary magnetic fields can serve as a viable and testable origin for ultralight PBHs, opening new avenues for probing the interplay between inflation, magnetogenesis, PBHs, and primordial gravitational waves.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph3 citations
28. 28*

    Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Transformations in Reduced Quantum Electrodynamics: Perturbative and Nonperturbative Dynamics of the Fermion Propagator

    Anam Ashraf🇵🇰 · Faisal Akram🇵🇰 · M. Jamil Aslam🇵🇰 · Dania Rodríguez-Tzintzun🇲🇽 · Adnan Bashir🇪🇸 · Luis Albino🇲🇽

    We present a comprehensive analysis of the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformations for the charged fermion propagator in reduced quantum electrodynamics (RQED). Starting from the propagator in a reference gauge, we perform a gauge transformation to obtain its analytical expression valid to all orders in an arbitrary covariant gauge and also applicable in a nonperturbative context. This work complements and extends previous studies of quantum electrodynamics in various spacetime dimensions, for both massless and massive fermions. At the perturbative level, we expand the resulting expressions up to two-loop order for both massless and massive cases, and compare our results with those available in the literature wherever possible. We argue that the most suitable choice of the reference covariant gauge in RQED is $\xi =1/3$, as in this case the leading logarithmic contribution to the massless wave-function renormalization vanishes at one-loop order. This choice provides a direct connection between perturbation theory and the constraints imposed by multiplicative renormalizability on the massless fermion propagator. We also investigate the implications of the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformations for the dynamically generated mass function of the fermion propagator. Finally, through numerical computation, we demonstrate that both the chiral fermion condensate and the fermion pole mass are gauge-invariant quantities.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
29. 29*

    Double Metric Learning for Building Directed Graphs with Chain Connections for the ATLAS ITk Detector

    Jay Chan🇺🇸

    Graph construction is an essential step in the Graph Neural Network (GNN) based tracking pipelines. The goal of the graph construction is to construct a graph that contains only the defined true edge connections between nodes (detector hits). A promising approach for the graph construction is through the Metric Learning approach, where a node representation in an embedding space is learned, and nodes are connected according to their distance in the embedding space. The loss function for the metric learning in this case is a contrastive loss encouraging the true pairs of nodes to be close to each other, and pulling away the false pairs of nodes. This approach presents a conflict of the learning objective for the hopping connections when a true edge is defined as a chain connection in a particle track. To address the conflict for this case, we propose a ``Double Metric Learning'' approach, where two node representations are learned. A directed graph can then be constructed based on the distance between the two representations from two nodes respectively. We test this idea with the ATLAS ITk detector at the HL-LHC using the ATLAS ITk simulation and show better graph construction performance particularly for particles with high transverse momentum compared to the Simple Metric Learning approach. We also show that Double Metric Learning is able to accurately predict edge direction.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phProceedings of the CTD 2025, PROC-CTD2025…·1 citation
30. 30*

    Opportunities for Gravitational Wave Physics at the South Pole

    C. A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · M. DuVernois🇺🇸 · P. W. Graham🇺🇸 · T. Kovachy🇺🇸 · J. Mitchell🇺🇸

    Atom interferometers represent a promising approach for gravitational wave detection in the decihertz frequency band, complementary to existing light-based detectors. The South Pole offers unique advantages for such experiments: exceptionally low seismic noise, established infrastructure for large scientific projects, and a location that strengthens gravitational wave source localization through global triangulation. Here we discuss the scientific case and practical considerations for deploying a long-baseline atom interferometer at the South Pole, which has the potential to expand the global network of gravitational wave detectors while enabling precision tests of fundamental physics.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMgr-qchep-phphysics.atom-ph+10 citations
31. 31*

    Bayesian analysis of density profile of light dark matter elucidating the properties of dark matter admixed neutron stars in the presence of hyperons

    Debashree Sen🇰🇷 · Atanu Guha🇰🇷 · Chang Ho Hyun🇰🇷

    We study the impact of symmetry energy ($S$), hyperons, and dark matter (DM) on structural and oscillatory properties of neutron stars (NSs). Uncertainty from hadronic equation of state for NSs is considered with 15 relativistic mean field models having slope parameter ($L_0$) of $S$ in range $40-120$ MeV. DM admixed NSs (DMANSs) are described with feeble interaction between light DM fermions ($\chi$) with hadronic matter in the presence of hyperons via scalar ($\eta$) and vector ($\xi$) dark mediators. The masses $m_{\chi }$, $m_{\eta }$ and $m_{\xi }$ are related by self-interaction constraints from bullet cluster. DM self-interaction couplings are related to $m_{\chi }$ by relic density constraint. The DM density is taken as an exponential function of baryon density with a free parameter $\alpha$. Uncertainty from DM model is incorporated by exploring the dependence on $m_{\chi }$ and $\alpha$. Several DM search experiments have almost ruled out the existence of massive DM ($\gtrsim$ GeV). Lately, pursuit for sub-GeV DM has attracted significant attention. Therefore, we consider $m_{\chi }<$ 1 GeV and $\alpha \le$ 0.1 such that the contribution of DM to the total mass of the DMANSs is $<10\%$. Comparing our results with various astrophysical constraints, we find that the HESS J1731-347 and GW170817 data are very important in determining the presence of light DM in NSs in moderate amount, relevant in the range $L_0\lesssim$ 58 MeV. Employing models of DMANSs that satisfy several observational data, we infer with Bayesian analysis, the likely ranges of $m_{\chi }$ and $\alpha$ are almost independent of the underlying hadronic model within 40 MeV $\lesssim$ $L_0$ $<$ 58 MeV. In the absence of DM and with the most probable values of $m_{\chi }$ and $\alpha$ obtained from the Bayesian inference, we calculate the frequencies of non-radial $f$- and $p_1$-modes oscillation of NSs/DMANSs.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-th0 citations
32. 32*

    Glue Condensate, Quark Condensate and Dirac Spectral Density

    Ivan Horváth🇨🇿

    I derive the regularized formula for glue scalar density (gluon condensate) in terms of Dirac spectral density [arXiv:2509.03509], and elaborate on its uses and meaning. Particular attention is given to understanding of what this new formula reveals about the relation between glue and quark scalar densities, how it relates to IR phase, how it clarifies the distinction between anomalous and spontaneous ways of breaking symmetries, and what it says about the relation between UV and IR in QCD.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
33. 33*

    QCD axion from broken scale symmetry

    Georgios K. Karananas🇩🇪 · Mikhail Shaposhnikov🇨🇭

    A consistent non-compact axion cosmology requires a non-periodic field, an effective field theory valid sufficiently above the inflationary scale, and a small non-QCD contribution to the potential that tilts the axionic vacuum landscape in order to trigger a timely domain-wall collapse. All conditions can be met by the dilaton -- the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of spontaneously broken approximate scale invariance.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph1 citation
34. 34*

    How Much Can Gravitons Be Squeezed?

    Panagiotis Dorlis🇬🇷 · Nick E. Mavromatos🇬🇷 · Sarben Sarkar🇬🇧 · Sotirios-Neilos Vlachos🇬🇷

    Quantum Gravity remains elusive, largely because its observable effects are suppressed by powers of the Planck scale. Direct detection of single gravitons is widely believed to be impossible. Here we propose a concrete astrophysical mechanism that may overcome this suppression. We show that superradiant axion-like-particle clouds surrounding rotating black holes can generate multimode squeezed states of gravitons containing up to $10^6$ - $10^7$ correlated quanta. Such states exhibit distinctive polarization correlations and quantum-noise signatures that could be detectable in future gravitational-wave interferometers. Observation of these signatures would constitute direct evidence for the quantum nature of gravitational radiation. Conversely, their absence can place constraints on axion-cloud lifetimes. Our approach also provides a test of General Relativity as an effective field theory.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phquant-ph4 citations
35. 35*

    Lévy-like flights and fractal geometry of finite point sets

    Konstantinos Chalas🇮🇹 · F. K. Diakonos🇬🇷 · A. S. Kapoyannis🇬🇷

    We study Lévy-like and truncated Lévy-like flights with step probability distribution of the form $r^{-1+\nu }$ for negative, positive, and zero $\nu$, focusing on the appearance of fractal geometry characteristics in the generated point sets. Forming ensembles of such point sets with fixed multiplicity, we develop simulation techniques leading to the desired value of correlation dimension in a vast continuous interval of scales. In particular, we demonstrate the possibility to produce ensembles of data sets with a low number of points with the needed properties. Furthermore, we show that the positive $\nu$ distributions, apart from a region near the upper scale limit, show fractal behaviour that extends to infinitesimally low scales. As an example, we apply our findings to producing simulations relevant to the search for critical fluctuations, related to QCD critical endpoint, in heavy-ion collision experiments.

    ↳ cond-mat.stat-mechhep-phnlin.AOphysics.comp-ph0 citations
36. 36*

    Rovibrational structure and electric dipole moments of the AcOCH${}_3$+ ion

    Anna Zakharova🇷🇺

    The possibility of laser cooling and the presence of closely spaced rovibrational doublets make polyatomic molecules an attractive platform for the $\mathcal{P}$, $\mathcal{T}$-violation searches. We study the spectrum of the lowest rovibrational state of the AcOCH${}_3+$ symmetric top molecule. The electronic structure full-electron computation was performed within a relativistic coupled cluster method with double and perturbative triple excitations. The rovibrational wavefunctions are obtained using a coupled channel technique, taking into account all rovibrational effects and anharmonicities of the potential. As a result, the vibrational frequencies, as well as the values of the electric dipole moments for the rovibrational states, were computed.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phphysics.chem-phquant-ph0 citations
37. 37*

    Isocurvature-Free QCD Axion Dark Matter from Inflaton-Driven Early QCD: the Necessity of Inflationary Plateaus

    Katherine Freese🇺🇸 · Evangelos I. Sfakianakis🇺🇸 · Barmak Shams Es Haghi🇺🇸

    A direct coupling between the inflaton and Standard Model gluons can dynamically raise the QCD confinement scale during inflation, making the axion temporarily heavy and suppressing axion isocurvature perturbations. As inflation proceeds, the confinement scale relaxes, the axion becomes light, and late-time de Sitter fluctuations can generate the observed dark matter abundance. We analyze this mechanism without specifying an inflationary potential, instead parametrizing the background by $ϵ(N)\propto 1/N^p$, where $N$ is the number of $e$-folds before the end of inflation. The single parameter $p$ distinguishes monomial models ($p=1$), standard plateau models ($p=2$), and ultra-flat plateau or hilltop-like models ($p\ge 3$). We analytically show that the mechanism selects plateau-like ($p\ge 2$) inflation: monomial models generically cause the confinement scale to grow too rapidly, while plateau models keep the QCD sector under perturbative control. In the minimal scenario, reheating occurs through the same inflaton-gluon coupling, and viable axion dark matter production is obtained when deconfinement occurs after the CMB window. The early-confinement sector also generically shifts the scalar spectral index to smaller, redder values. Because ultra-flat ($p\ge 3$) models inherently predict overly red spectra, this shift exacerbates their tension with CMB data, leaving $p=2$ plateau models as the phenomenologically viable parameter space (in this parametrization).

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-th2 citations
38. 38*

    Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    Utkarsh Kumar🇨🇦 · Anish Ghoshal🇮🇹

    Gravitational waves generated by violent processes in the early Universe necessarily couple to scalar perturbations beyond linear order. We show that tensor perturbations produced by first-order phase transitions and by annihilating domain-wall networks source density fluctuations at second order, thereby opening a distinct channel for primordial-black-hole (PBH) formation. We compute the tensor-induced density spectrum for both sources and map the resulting PBH abundance onto the macroscopic parameters $(\alpha ,\beta /H,T_{\star })$ of a first-order phase transition and $({\alpha }_{\mathrm{ann}},V_{\mathrm{bias}},\sigma )$ of a domain-wall network. Existing PBH limits therefore impose complementary constraints on early-Universe sources of stochastic gravitational waves. We find viable regions where one can have an observable gravitational-wave background and an appreciable abundance of asteroid-mass PBHs, including benchmark points that saturate the dark-matter abundance. Our results establish a direct, testable correlation among the source scale, the gravitational-wave spectrum, and the PBH mass function, distinguishing this tensor-induced channel from PBHs formed through delayed vacuum decay or direct defect collapse. We also discuss viable particle physics origin of such FOPT and DW, and therefore, constraints on such microphysics, either in the visible, or in dark sector models.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.