Mon·May 11, 2026Monday·May 11, 2026

1. 01*

   Propagator of a massive charged vector boson in a magnetic field: Ritus eigenfunction method

   Manuel Emiliano Monreal Cancino🇲🇽 · Angel Sánchez🇲🇽

   In this work, we derive the propagator of a massive charged vector boson in the presence of a homogeneous and constant magnetic field of arbitrary strength, working in the unitary gauge and in the mostly minus metric. The propagator is constructed using the Ritus eigenfunction method, which allows for an explicit treatment of Landau-level quantization and spin degrees of freedom. We present a detailed analysis of the polarization vectors for all Landau levels. Using the Ritus representation, we formulate and derive the LSZ reduction formula for massive charged vector bosons in a magnetic field background, providing a useful tool for the calculation of self-energies and radiative corrections with external charged states. Furthermore, we establish a systematic connection between the Ritus' eigenfunctions and Schwinger proper-time representations of the propagator, identifying Schwinger's phase and exhibiting a slight discrepancy with previous results in the literature that arise in the unitary gauge, highlighting the importance of a careful treatment of spin and gauge structures in an external magnetic field.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
2. 02*

   A collider as a quantum computer

   Wei Xie🇨🇳 · Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳

   Scattering processes in high-energy physics are inherently quantum mechanical, yet are typically analyzed at the level of final states, where entanglement appears as a property of the outcome rather than a consequence of the underlying dynamics. We reformulate scattering at the level of the process itself by representing helicity transition matrices as quantum circuits. Once the kinematic configuration and scattering channel are fixed, the problem reduces to a finite-dimensional quantum map, making a circuit description natural. Within this framework, an example of the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ is shown, which decomposes into unitary and non-unitary components, corresponding to coherent mixing and postselection effects. This representation reorganizes the amplitude into distinct operational elements, providing a perspective in which collider processes can be viewed as constrained quantum circuits and their entanglement structure can be understood in terms of the underlying circuit dynamics, opening the door to analyzing their properties using the language of quantum information.

   hep-phquant-ph1 citation
3. 03*

   Neural Network Representation of Generalized Parton Distributions (NNGPD)

   Jitao Xu🇺🇸 · Ho Jang🇺🇸 · Zaki Panjsheeri🇺🇸 · Gia-Wei Chern🇺🇸 · Yaohang Li🇺🇸 · Simonetta Liuti🇺🇸 · Douglas Adams🇺🇸 · Michael Engelhardt🇺🇸 · Gary Goldstein🇺🇸 · Adil Khawaja🇺🇸 · Huey-Wen Lin🇺🇸 · Saraswati Pandey🇺🇸 · Kemal Tezgin🇺🇸

   We present a neural-network-based framework for modeling generalized parton distributions, referred to as NNGPD, in which GPDs are represented as flexible functions constrained through physically motivated integral relations. In this approach, experimental and theoretical information is incorporated into the training procedure via loss functions enforcing convolution integrals that define Compton form factors, as well as Mellin moments related to generalized form factors accessible in lattice QCD. This formulation reflects the inverse-problem character of GPD phenomenology without assuming a specific functional ansatz. As a proof of concept, we benchmark the NNGPD framework using a phenomenological spectator-based GPD model, from which synthetic training data for Compton form factors and Mellin moments are generated. The neural network is trained solely on these aggregate observables, and the resulting GPDs are compared directly with the underlying model distributions in a closure-type test. We find that the neural-network representation reproduces the main features of the GPDs over the relevant kinematic domain, despite being constrained only by their integral projections. This study demonstrates the viability of neural-network representations of GPDs constrained by global physical observables and provides a basis for future phenomenological applications combining experimental measurements of deeply virtual Compton scattering, including those anticipated at the Electron Ion Collider, with lattice QCD inputs for Mellin moments and generalized form factors.

   hep-ph4 citations
4. 04*

   Renormalon-based resummation for B(D) Mesons

   Cesar Ayala🇨🇱 · Gorazd Cvetic🇨🇱

   We apply a previously developed method of renormalon-based resummation of spacelike and timelike QCD observables, to evaluate of the values of the pole masses $m_q$ of $q=b$ and $c$ quarks, using as input the knowledge of the values of the corresponding $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ masses ${\overline{m}}_q\equiv {\overline{m}}_q({\overline{m}}_q^2)$. The evaluation also uses the knowledge of the first few coefficients of the perturbation expansion of $m_q$ (i.e., of $m_q/{\overline{m}}_q$), as well as the known renormalon structure of that expansion. In the evaluation, we use the timelike QCD running coupling based on a specific holomorphic spacelike QCD coupling, in order to avoid additional ambiguities due to the Landau poles of the usual perturbative coupling. The principal IR regulator parameter of the coupling is varied in an expected range. We also reevaluate the chromomagnetic Wilson coefficient of heavy quark $\hat{C}(m_q^2)$, and extract values of several corresponding hadronic parameters.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   Baryon Bethe-Salpeter Equation in Minkowski-Space QCD${}_2$

   Satvir Kaur🇨🇳 · Sreeraj Nair🇨🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳 · Jiangshan Lan🇨🇳 · Xingbo Zhao🇨🇳 · J. P. B. C. de Melo🇧🇷 · Tobias Frederico🇧🇷

   We study the three-quark ladder Bethe--Salpeter equation in Minkowski-space QCD${}_2$ in the light-cone gauge. Using the quasi-potential expansion, we project the baryon equation onto the light front and show that, at leading order in the valence truncation, the resulting mass-squared eigenvalue equation is equivalent to the Bars--Durgut equation. We also derive the endpoint power-law behavior of the valence wave function in terms of the quark mass and coupling, closely paralleling the original 't Hooft analysis for mesons. The resulting three-quark equation is solved numerically for $N_c=3$, and the ground-state baryon mass is found to be in reasonable agreement with previous light-cone quantization results in QCD${}_2$, suggesting that the valence sector provides the dominant contribution to the ground state. The excited-state spectrum further yields a Regge trajectory that captures the overall trend of the experimental nucleon spectrum, and we compute selected structure observables, including parton distribution functions, double distribution amplitudes, and coordinate-space densities. This framework provides a useful confining test bed for Minkowski-space bound-state methods and for future developments toward confining formulations in 3+1 dimensions beyond the valence truncation.

   hep-ph1 citation
6. 06*

   LHC Mono-$W/Z$ Signatures as a Probe for Dark Matter Explanations of Astrophysical Excesses

   Yu-Chen Guo🇨🇳 · Ying-Xin Li🇨🇳 · Chih-Ting Lu🇨🇳

   The inert two-Higgs doublet model (IDM) is a compelling framework for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) linked to electroweak symmetry breaking. It can account for both the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess (GCE) and the AMS-02 antiproton anomaly while also satisfying relic density and direct detection constraints for dark matter (DM) masses in the $55-75$ GeV range. Three specific DM annihilation channels can be identified: Higgs resonance, $SA$ co-annihilation, and $SS\to W{W}^{\ast }$ annihilation. Among these, the DM mass range of $70-75$ GeV with dominant $SS\to W{W}^{\ast }$ annihilation has received less attention in collider searches. To validate this parameter space, we combine LHC searches for mono-$W/Z$ signatures. In particular, we develop a channel-separation strategy to disentangle the contributions of charged mass splitting (${\Delta }^{\pm }$) and neutral mass splitting (${\Delta }^0$) in the inert scalar sector at the LHC. Our results indicate that most of the parameter space consistent with these astrophysical anomalies in the $SS\to W{W}^{\ast }$ annihilation regime will be testable at the High-Luminosity LHC. Specifically, from the leptonic channel we obtain a $2\sigma$ exclusion limit of $80\lesssim {\Delta }^0\lesssim 260$ GeV, while the hadronic channel yields $30\lesssim {\Delta }^0\lesssim 150$ GeV and $70\lesssim {\Delta }^{\pm }\lesssim 230$ GeV for $m_S=70$ GeV.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
7. 07*

   Generalizations and UV completions of Cho-Maison monopole

   Fukutaro Miya🇯🇵 · Ryosuke Sato🇯🇵

   A monopole configuration in the electroweak theory was constructed by Cho and Maison, allowing for a singular behavior at the origin. Since the essential structure of the Cho-Maison monopole is based on an electroweak-type symmetry breaking, similar monopole configurations are expected to arise more generally in gauge theories containing such a structure. In this paper, we explicitly show that Cho-Maison-like monopole configurations can indeed be constructed in a broad class of models. We also show that the Cho-Maison monopole can be embedded into an 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole as its low-energy effective description. In particular, we find that a monopole in the Pati-Salam model behaves as the electroweak Cho-Maison monopole once degrees of freedom which are heavier than the electroweak scale are integrated out.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Collinear matching for leading power gluon transverse momentum distributions

   Alessio Carmelo Alvaro🇮🇹 · Nanako Kato🇮🇹 · Barbara Pasquini🇮🇹 · Cristian Pisano🇮🇹 · Simone Rodini🇮🇹

   We compute the tree-level and one-loop matching relations for leading power gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions. At tree-level, working within the spinor formalism, we focus on twist-2 and twist-3 contributions, deriving the complete series of mass corrections for both T-even and T-odd distributions. At one-loop accuracy, we extend the parton-in-parton framework to include contributions beyond the leading term in the small-b expansion. Applying this methodology to the gluon sector, we obtain for the first time the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the gluon worm-gear T distribution. Furthermore, we develop a method to include the mass corrections in one-loop results and provide a closed-form expression for the mass series suitable for numerical implementations.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2026)·1 citation
9. 09*

   The study of $K^{\ast 0}$ meson production using a multi-phase transport model at RHIC BES energies

   Pranjal Barik🇮🇳 · Kadambini Menduli🇮🇳 · Aswini Kumar Sahoo🇨🇳 · Md. Nasim🇮🇳

   We present the yield, average transverse momentum, and collective flow measurement of $K^{\ast 0}$ resonances in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=19.6$, 14.5, and 7.7~GeV using the AMPT model. It is found that, due to hadronic rescattering, the decay daughters of $K^{\ast 0}$ interact with other particles in the medium, causing the yield of reconstructable $K^{\ast 0}$ to be significantly suppressed, especially at low transverse momentum. The model results are compared with recent experimental data from Phase-II of the Beam Energy Scan (BES-II) program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The string-melting version of the AMPT model successfully reproduces the measured $K^{\ast 0}/K$ ratios at all three analysed collision energies. Interestingly, AMPT calculations that exclude the hadronic phase nevertheless provide a reasonable description of the data, thereby challenging the conventional interpretation that hadronic rescattering is the primary mechanism responsible for suppressing the $K^{\ast 0}/K$ ratio in central heavy-ion collisions. In addition, we find that the $K^{\ast 0}/K$ ratio appears to be largely insensitive to the lifetime of the hadronic phase, whereas the average transverse momentum, $⟨p_T⟩$, of the $K^{\ast 0}$ shows a strong dependence, increasing significantly as the lifetime of the hadronic phase becomes longer. We further show that the directed flow ($v_1$) of $K^{\ast 0}$ mesons is strongly influenced by hadronic rescattering, whereas the elliptic flow ($v_2$) exhibits only weak sensitivity to hadronic effects. These results establish $K^{\ast 0}$ directed flow as a sensitive probe of the late-stage hadronic medium in heavy-ion collisions. These model calculations therefore provide valuable insight into the underlying physics governing the observed experimental results at RHIC.

   hep-phPRC(2026)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Light-Ion Collisions: Bridging Small and Large QCD Systems

    Aleksas Mazeliauskas🇩🇪

    Light-ion collisions at the LHC bridge the gap between small proton-proton and large heavy-ion collision systems, providing a unique laboratory to study the onset of QCD collective phenomena. The first light-ion run at the LHC took place July~1--9, 2025, with proton-oxygen (pO), oxygen-oxygen (OO), and neon-neon (NeNe) collisions. Early experimental results provide strong evidence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in these small systems. I review the motivation for the light-ion collisions and the first experimental results, connecting perturbative QCD, hot QCD, and low-energy nuclear structure physics.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
11. 11*

    Probing the Inert Doublet Dark Matter with Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mini-Spikes

    Rameswar Sahu🇮🇳

    The nature of dark matter remains a central unresolved problem in contemporary physics, motivating the exploration of well-defined extensions of the Standard Model. Among these, the Inert Doublet Model provides a minimal and theoretically consistent framework accommodating a viable weakly interacting massive particle dark matter candidate. In this work, we investigate the IDM parameter space through an analysis of FermiLAT observations of dark matter mini-spikes surrounding stellar-mass black holes. Owing to the strong gravitational compression of dark matter in the vicinity of these systems, the resulting annihilation signal can be significantly enhanced, rendering such environments exceptionally sensitive probes of dark matter interactions. We find that substantial regions of the IDM parameter space, particularly in the high-mass regime, are subject to stringent constraints extending into the multi-TeV range. These results underscore the increasingly important role of indirect detection in probing particle dark matter scenarios beyond the reach of current collider and direct detection experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE0 citations
12. 12*

    New Determinations of the Charm and Bottom Quark Masses Using QCD Quarkonium Sum Rules

    Qing Yu🇨🇳 · Hua Zhou🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳

    We reanalyze the perturbative QCD (pQCD) corrections to quarkonium QCD sum rules and extract the heavy quark masses ${\overline{m}}_q({\overline{m}}_q)$ ($q=c,b$). At present, the pQCD corrections to the correlation functions of two heavy-quark pseudoscalar and vector currents at zero momentum transfer, denoted as $M_{n,q}^{X,\mathrm{th}}$ ($X=P,V$), are calculated up to the $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ order. These corrections exhibit significant renormalization scheme and scale dependence, which introduces large theoretical uncertainties and deteriorates the precision of heavy quark mass determinations. In this work, we eliminate the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in the perturbative part of $M_{n,q}^{X,\mathrm{th}}$ by adopting the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) within the characteristic operator (CO) approach. The CO approach, a novel extension of the standard PMC procedure, simultaneously determines the effective coupling ${\alpha }_s(Q_{\ast })$ and the effective quark mass ${\overline{m}}_q(Q_{\ast })$. It systematically absorbs the nonconformal $\{{\beta }_i\}$-terms and $\{{\gamma }_i\}$-terms via the renormalization group equations, yielding a strictly scheme- and scale-independent conformal perturbative series. Based on the improved PMC conformal series, we further provide reliable estimates for the unknown ${\mathrm{N}}^4\mathrm{LO}$ contributions using the Padé approximation method. The final predicted heavy quark masses in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme read: ${\overline{m}}_c({\overline{m}}_c)=1275.8\pm 0.4\text{MeV}$, extracted from the second moment of the charmed pseudoscalar correlator $M_{2,c}^P$; and ${\overline{m}}_b({\overline{m}}_b)=4177.0\pm 7.2\text{MeV}$, extracted from the first moment of the bottom vector correlator $M_{1,b}^V$. Both results agree well with the PDG world averages with deviations smaller than $1\sigma$.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    Conditions for boundedness from below of a $\Delta (54)$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet model

    Darius Jurčiukonis🇱🇹 · Luís Lavoura🇵🇹

    We investigate the orbit space of the scalar potential of a $\Delta (54)$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet model. We find that, if the potential enjoys $CP$ invariance, then its three-dimensional orbit space is a polytope; if the potential has no $CP$ symmetry, then its four-dimensional orbit space has a boundary that is sometimes slightly concave, but seems never to be convex. Consequently, we conjecture necessary and sufficient conditions for the potential to be bounded from below; brute-force minimization of a large number of potentials affirms the accuracy of our conjecture. We list all possible charge-conserving and charge-breaking minima of the potential.

    hep-phPLB(2026)·0 citations
14. 14*

    Pair creation as a source of longitudinal chiral magnetoconductivity

    J. L. Acosta Avalo🇨🇺 · S. Montesino Castillo🇨🇺 · E. E. García Reynaldo🇨🇺

    We demonstrate that chiral transport in a strongly magnetized electron-positron plasma can arise dynamically from dissipative pair-creation processes encoded in the imaginary part of the photon polarization tensor within one-loop finite-temperature quantum electrodynamics (QED). In the kinematic region corresponding to longitudinal photon absorption, real electron-positron pair production induces axial charge nonconservation and generates an electric current parallel to the magnetic field, without requiring the introduction of an external chiral chemical potential. This provides a microscopic mechanism for chiral magnetic transport, offering an alternative to hydrodynamic or anomaly-based effective descriptions in which chirality imbalance is typically introduced as an external input. We derive an explicit expression for the longitudinal magnetoconductivity associated with this process and show that it exhibits an approximately quadratic dependence on the magnetic field only within a restricted intermediate regime. This behavior emerges from the dominance of the lowest Landau levels as a characteristic of negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. We further analyze how Pauli blocking regulates the pair-creation phase-space and demonstrate that the dynamically generated chiral imbalance is suppressed at high frequencies, revealing a transition between chiral-active and non-chiral-active regimes. Our results connect microscopic QED processes with anomaly-related transport phenomena in strongly magnetized relativistic plasmas, where pair creation provides a dynamical source for chiral imbalance.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Flavor as an Incomplete Structure: Conceptual Questions and the Role of DUNE

    Claudio S. Montanari🇺🇸

    Flavor remains one of the most successful yet least understood structures of the Standard Model. The discovery of the Higgs boson completed the electroweak account of mass generation, but did not explain the origin of fermion families, mass hierarchies, or mixing patterns. In this sense, flavor can be regarded as an empirically successful but conceptually incomplete structure. Neutrinos occupy a particularly sensitive place within this problem: their masses are tiny, their mixing is large, and their mass-generation mechanism may differ from that of charged fermions. In this article, we discuss flavor as an open conceptual problem and argue that DUNE, as a phased program spanning precision oscillation measurements and sensitivity to BSM and dark-sector phenomena, provides a powerful framework for testing the self-consistency and possible limits of the present three-flavor description. In particular, the complementarity between the long-baseline program and the Phase I near-detector complex, together with the DUNE-PRISM strategy for controlling interaction-model systematics and enabling data-driven near-to-far predictions, makes DUNE especially well-suited to search for small, correlated departures from the minimal flavor framework.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
16. 16*

    Phenomenological implications of the high-precision COHERENT germanium CE$\nu$NS data

    M. Atzori Corona🇮🇹 · M. Cadeddu🇮🇹 · N. Cargioli🇮🇹 · R. Cerulli🇮🇹 · G. Co'🇮🇹 · F. Dordei🇮🇹 · C. Giunti🇮🇹 · R. Pavarani🇮🇹

    This work presents the first comprehensive phenomenological analysis of the newly released Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) data on germanium, measured by the COHERENT collaboration at the Spallation Neutron Source. Leveraging the unprecedented precision of this dataset, we provide state-of-the-art determinations of key Standard Model and nuclear physics parameters. Specifically, we extract updated constraints on the weak mixing angle, the neutrino charge radii, and we perform a detailed extraction of the neutron root-mean-square radius of germanium nuclei. We also investigate the impact of quenching factor uncertainties by exploring an extended Lindhard framework, and assess their effect on the extraction of nuclear parameters. Additionally, we use these results to evaluate scenarios beyond the Standard Model, placing robust bounds on neutrino non-standard interactions. To maximize the statistical power and robustness of our findings, whenever possible, we perform a global combined analysis incorporating previous COHERENT measurements along with reactor antineutrino data from the CONUS+, TEXONO, and $\nu$GeN experiments as well as dark-matter experiments.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2026)·4 citations
17. 17*

    Symmetry-Breaking Effects on Form Factors and Observables in $B\to K_0^{\ast }(1430){\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ Decay

    Saba Ayub🇵🇰 · Saba Shafaq🇵🇰 · Arslan Sikandar🇵🇰 · M. Jamil Aslam🇵🇰

    In the heavy-quark and large-energy limits, symmetry relations reduce the number of independent form factors governing heavy-to-light $B$-meson decays. Exploiting these relations, the form factors can be parametrized while systematically incorporating symmetry-breaking corrections from perturbative QCD. Using vertex renormalization together with light-cone distribution amplitudes, we compute the vertex and hard-spectator contributions for the $B\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ transition. We then analyze the impact of these form factors on physical observables, including the branching ratio and lepton polarization asymmetries $(P_L,P_N)$, in $B\to K_0^{\ast }(1430){\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$. Our results indicate that perturbative corrections induce modest shifts of $\sim 3\%$ in both the branching ratio and the normal lepton polarization asymmetry. Consequently, any significant deviation observed experimentally from these predictions would provide a clear signal of potential New Physics effects.

    hep-phCPC(2026)·0 citations
18. 18*

    Producing the GeV Galactic Center Excess via Cosmic Ray-Dark Matter Scattering

    Bhaskar Dutta🇺🇸 · Debopam Goswami🇷🇴 · Jason Kumar🇺🇸 · Mudit Rai🇷🇴 · Deepak Sathyan🇺🇸

    In this work, we propose a novel mechanism for generating gamma rays from the Galactic Center via scattering of cosmic-ray protons off dark matter in the Milky Way halo, in contrast to conventional explanations based on dark matter annihilation. We present two examples of this framework that produce an observable photon signal. In the inelastic dark matter model, cosmic rays up-scatter a lighter dark matter particle, with the subsequent decay of the heavier particle yielding two photons. In the elastic dark matter model, an energetic photon is directly produced in the final state of a 2-to-3 scattering process. We show that, for a range of viable model parameters, this framework provides a fit to the observed Galactic Center gamma-ray excess spectrum comparable to those obtained from dark matter annihilation and millisecond pulsar models. Our results open a new avenue for interpreting gamma-ray observations of the Galactic Center.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE0 citations
19. 19*

    Primordial Black Hole Hotspots Beyond Flat Spacetime

    Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · TaeHun Kim🇰🇷 · Jong-Chul Park🇰🇷 · Jong-Hyun Yoon🇰🇷

    Light primordial black holes heat the surrounding plasma via Hawking radiation, forming localized hotspots whose temperature may far exceed that of the cosmological background. Previous studies of hotspot formation and cooling have treated the subsequent energy transport in flat spacetime, thereby neglecting the expansion of the Universe. We formulate the diffusion equation governing the hotspot evolution, in an expanding universe, and clarify the regime in which the formalism is valid. We find that hotspot formation is robust against cosmological expansion. We show that the critical distance scale, where Hubble expansion overtakes diffusion, coincides with the decoupling radius introduced in earlier work, and the temperature profile $T\propto r^{-7/11}$ essentially remains unchanged. However, the cooling stage is substantially modified. We find that the plateau temperature of a cooling hotspot initially undergoes a rapid drop and then follows $T_{\mathrm{plt}}\propto t^{-11/15}$, steeper than the flat-spacetime scaling $t^{-7/15}$. This scaling cannot be obtained by simply redshifting the flat-spacetime solution, because expansion also suppresses diffusive transport. As a consequence, all hotspots disappear within a finite time, as opposed to the flat-spacetime prediction of everlasting hotspots in part of the parameter space.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO0 citations
20. 20*

    Entanglement Requirements for Coherent Enhancement in Detectors

    Zachary Bogorad🇺🇸 · Roni Harnik🇺🇸

    Coherent enhancement is a powerful mechanism for improving the sensitivity of a wide range of detectors, but its practical use is often limited by the difficulty of preparing the required quantum states. We show that this difficulty has a fundamental origin: coherent enhancement of a signal interacting with a detector is quantitatively constrained by entanglement. We prove general bounds on how the strength of coherent effects can scale with system size, as a function of the single-mode entanglement entropy of the detector. These bounds smoothly interpolate between the incoherent and fully coherent regimes, and apply both to parameter-estimation problems and to scattering processes. We discuss these results from two complementary perspectives: First, they appear as bounds on the quantum Fisher information of many-body states, which translate directly into limits on parameter sensitivity via the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. Second, they can be interpreted as limits on a class of scattering cross sections, leading to predictions for how minimum detectable interaction strengths scale with target size. Together, these results provide a unified view of coherent enhancement in metrology and scattering experiments, and motivate the development of new techniques for generating entangled detector states.

    hep-phquant-ph1 citation
21. 21*

    Revisiting predictions for cosmic-ray antinucleon fluxes from Galactic Dark Matter

    Lorenzo Stefanuto🇮🇹 · Mattia Di Mauro🇮🇹 · Fiorenza Donato🇮🇹 · Nicolao Fornengo🇮🇹 · Jordan Koechler🇮🇹 · David Maurin🇫🇷

    The data on cosmic antiprotons have reached an outstanding precision on energies spanning from GeV to hundreds of TeV, thanks to the space-based AMS-02 experiment. The balloon-borne GAPS experiment, which just completed its first Antarctic flight, will address antiproton and antideuteron fluxes well below GeV energies. Antinuclei in cosmic rays, as well as being produced by spallation reactions between cosmic-ray nuclei and the atoms of the interstellar medium, may hide contributions from exotic sources, such as particle dark matter annihilation in the Galaxy. In this paper, we present predictions for cosmic antiproton, antideuteron and antihelium fluxes both from secondary and dark matter origin. We use state-of-the-art production spectra, nuclear coalescence for antinuclei, and Galactic propagation models to derive upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section from AMS-02 antiproton data in different propagation scenarios (BIG and QUAINT). We quantify the impact of future GAPS data, showing that its sensitivity to sub-GV antiprotons could improve the $⟨\sigma v⟩$ constraints by up to an order of magnitude for light DM ($m_{\chi }\lesssim 50$ GeV). For heavier antinuclei, the detection perspective with existing and upcoming experiments are derived for those scenarios consistent with AMS-02 antiproton flux. The detectability of such signals strongly depends on the experiment, the propagation model, and the hadronization tuning. Our analysis underscores the complementarity of antinuclei channels for indirect DM searches and the critical role of low-energy windows in constraining light DM candidates.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE3 citations
22. 22*

    Search for Sub-GeV Axion-Like Particles at EBES Pilot Run Using 4 GeV Positron Beam at KEK LINAC

    Takahiro Fusayasu🇯🇵 · Tomoya Iizawa🇯🇵 · Fumihito Ikeda🇯🇵 · Akimasa Ishikawa🇯🇵 · Masako Iwasaki🇯🇵 · Hiroshi Iwase🇯🇵 · Takahiro Kawahara🇯🇵 · Aoi Masaki🇯🇵 · Fusashi Miyahara🇯🇵 · Yu Morikawa🇯🇵 · Yuichi Okayasu🇯🇵 · Toshiyuki Ono🇯🇵 and 9 other authors

    We report the results of a search for sub-GeV axion-like particles (ALPs) using pilot run data from the Electron Beam-dump Experiment at KEK LINAC Switching Yard 3 (EBES). The data were collected in December 2023 with a 4 GeV positron beam and correspond to $1.3\times 10^{14}$ positrons on target. In the pilot run setup, a tungsten beam dump and a single PbO calorimeter were used. We consider ALP production via the Primakoff process induced by bremsstrahlung photons in the beam dump, followed by the decay $a\to \gamma \gamma$. The background was estimated with a data-driven method, and a signal region was defined such that the expected background yield is below 0.1 events. No events were observed after unblinding. Upper limits at the 90% confidence level were derived in the ALP mass-coupling plane, extending the experimental coverage into a region of parameter space not explored by previous searches.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Genus drop involving non-hyperelliptic curves in Feynman integrals

    Feiyu Yang🇨🇳 · Jianyu Gong🇨🇳 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

    For both theoretical and phenomenological studies, it is important to analyze the function types of Feynman integrals. The phenomenon of genus drop between different representations of hyperelliptic Feynman integrals was discussed in \cite{Marzucca2024Genusdrop}. In this paper, we reformulate the extra-involution mechanism of \cite{Marzucca2024Genusdrop} as a special case of an unramified double covering between algebraic curves, and show that this covering mechanism also explains genus drops accompanied by a curve-type change from non-hyperelliptic to hyperelliptic for a class of three-loop Feynman diagrams. We also demonstrate that within a specific framework, the origin of the discrete spacetime symmetry that leads to the genus drop in hyperelliptic cases is manifest. This work also points out that there exist non-hyperelliptic Feynman integrals that exhibit no apparent genus drop.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath.AG2 citations
24. 24*

    Characterizing gapped phases by smeared boundary conformal field theories: Duality in unusual ordering with spontaneously broken generalized symmetries

    Yoshiki Fukusumi🇹🇼 · Shuma Nakashiba🇯🇵

    We study the classification of the gapped phases or massive renormalization group (RG) flows dual to the massless RG flows under changing the sign of the coupling constants. Whereas our formalism is based on combining Higgs- or Nambu-Goldstone-type arguments with Cardy's smeared boundary conformal field theories (SBCFTs), several puzzling structures arise. More specifically, the established Higgs or Nambu-Goldstone type arguments on the duality imply that the natural basis for the gapped states should be constructed from a set of smeared Ishibashi states, which are unphysical in boundary critical phenomena. Hence, the module of the gapped phases can be outside of that of boundary critical phenomena, whereas one can still calculate characterizing quantities by applying SBCFTs to the models. For example, we demonstrate that the massive RG flow dual to the massless RG flow from the tricritical Ising model to the Ising model, one of the simplest massless RG flows, has this unusual structure. This can be regarded as a quantum field-theoretic analogue of order-disorder coexistence in lattice models. More generally, the resultant gapped phases usually spontaneously break non-group-like symmetry (or noninvertible symmetry). Our work provides systematic quantum field theoretic descriptions of such unusual phases with spontaneous symmetry breaking of non-group-like (or noninvertible) symmetries.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phmath-ph+12 citations
25. 25*

    The massive Thirring / sine-Gordon model with non-zero current density

    Eric Oevermann🇩🇪 · Thomas D. Cohen🇺🇸

    This paper determines the zero-temperature equation of state for the massive Thirring / sine-Gordon model. This demonstrates recently derived model-independent upper and lower bounds on the zero-temperature equation of state with fixed number density from systems with a non-zero current density. That approach is potentially valuable as Monte Carlo calculations with a current density avoid the sign problem in the Euclidean formulation. An advantage to illustrating these bounds in the massive Thirring / sine-Gordon model is that the relevant calculations with both a number density and a current density can be done using a Bethe ansatz. For this model, optimal bounds constrain the energy density as a function of number density by a factor of two from above and below at high densities for all choices of couplings. The lower bound becomes exact at low densities, while the upper bound approaches the worst constraint of a factor of 4.90.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
26. 26*

    Hadronic parity violation: successes, challenges, and future prospects

    Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Jonas Karthein🇺🇸 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Girish Muralidhara🇨🇦 · Petr Navratil🇨🇦 · W. Michael Snow🇺🇸

    Hadronic parity violation concerns the study of the interplay of the weak- and strong-interaction dynamics that yields low energy, parity-violating observables in systems of hadrons and nuclei. We explain its essential features, as well as our current understanding of its observed effects, describing recent theoretical and experimental progress in a pedagogical context. We provide a broad overview of ongoing research efforts to show how precision studies of few-nucleon systems can be extended to studies of complex nuclei and, ultimately, to new benchmarks for computations in the Standard Model, as well as to new searches for the dynamics beyond it.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex1 citation
27. 27*

    Magnetar field dynamics driven by chiral anomalies without magnetic helicity

    Clara Dehman🇪🇸

    The chiral magnetic effect (CME), arising from the chiral anomaly and enabling a mutual conversion between magnetic topology and fermionic chirality, is a key mechanism in magnetar field evolution. Previous work by Dehman & Pons (2025) demonstrated that the CME can efficiently generate dipolar fields $\left(B_{\mathrm{dip}}\gtrsim 10^{14}\mathrm{G}\right)$, consistent with magnetar timing measurements, provided that the initial magnetic field carries net helicity. However, whether neutron stars are born with magnetic helicity remains uncertain. In this work, we investigate the CME across a range of initial helicity configurations, including non-helical initial conditions. We find that the CME efficiently generates magnetar-strength dipoles on timescales of decades, independently of the initial helicity content. The chiral instability is driven by localized helical structures that induce a residual chiral asymmetry and is primarily governed by the maximum chiral chemical potential, requiring ${\mu }_5^{\max }\gtrsim \mathrm{few}\times 10^{-11}\mathrm{MeV}$ for onset in the magnetar regime. Our results further show that these dipoles may either remain stable and subsequently evolve through standard Ohmic decay, or become unstable if they acquire sufficient helicity, in which case they decay through the chiral anomaly, transferring energy to less helical modes. This outcome depends sensitively on the initial helicity distribution. These findings extend the applicability of the CME to more realistic magnetic-field configurations and underscore the importance of the helicity distribution at birth, a quantity that remains poorly constrained in newborn neutron stars, yet is crucial for determining their magnetic evolution and the emergence of magnetars.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thphysics.plasm-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
28. 28*

    Completely asymptotically free chiral theories with scalars

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Francesco Sannino🇩🇰 · Sophie Wagner🇩🇰

    We provide the conditions for complete asymptotic freedom for chiral gauge theories including scalars, as motivated by grand unified models. These are generalised Georgi-Glashow and Bars-Yankielowicz theories that feature a scalar field transforming either in the fundamental or in the adjoint of the gauge group. In both scenarios, we consider the addition of multiple chiral fermion families. We systematically analyse the interplay between gauge, Yukawa, and quartic couplings required for all interactions to remain asymptotically free at short distances. We find that for both scalar representations, complete asymptotic free models can be obtained for a specific number of colours and multiplicity of vector-like and chiral families.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.