Wed·Apr 29, 2026Wednesday·April 29, 2026

1. 01*

   The Angular Observables of ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c(\to {\Lambda }^0{\pi }^{+}){\tau }^{-}(\to {\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }){\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ within the Paradigm of FCCC Anomalies

   Muhammad Arslan🇵🇰 · Ishtiaq Ahmed🇵🇰 · Muhammad Jamil Aslam🇵🇰

   We present a global analysis of the current $B$-meson flavor anomalies and extend it to the baryonic sector through the decay ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}(\to {\Lambda }^0{\pi }^{+}){\tau }^{-}(\to {\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }){\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$. The lepton flavor universality ratios $R_{\tau /(\mu ,e)}(D^{(\ast )})$, measured by BaBar, Belle, and LHCb, exhibit a combined $3.8\sigma$ deviation from Standard Model (SM) predictions. Using the latest HFLAV averages and $B_c$-lifetime constraints, $\mathcal{B}(B_c\to \tau \nu )<60\%,30\%,10\%$, found new physics (NP) solutions to the cascade decay ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}(\to {\Lambda }^0{\pi }^{+}){\tau }^{-}(\to {\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }){\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$. The scenario $(C_{V_L},C_{S_R})$ emerges as the most favored NP solution, largest pull from the SM and insensitive to branching-ratio constraints; followed by $C_{V_L}$ case. We study the impact of NP operators on a complete set of angular observables on the five-fold ${\Lambda }_b$ decay using Lattice-QCD form factors and find that the scenarios $(\Re [C_{S_L}=4C_T],\Im [C_{S_L}=4C_T])$ and $(C_{S_L},C_{S_R})$ generate the largest deviations from the SM predictions. In particular, the observables ${\mathcal{K}}_{1c}$, ${\mathcal{K}}_{2ss}$, ${\mathcal{K}}_{2cc}$, and ${\mathcal{K}}_{4s}$ show the highest sensitivity to NP effects. The correlation analysis reveals the $(\Re [C_{S_L}=4C_T],\Im [C_{S_L}=4C_T])$ scenario exhibits inverse correlations among ${\mathcal{K}}_{1c}$ and ${\mathcal{K}}_{2ss,2cc,4s}$ and direct correlations between ${\mathcal{K}}_{2ss}$ and ${\mathcal{K}}_{2cc,4s}$, pointing to a possible CP-violating phase, while the $(C_{S_L},C_{S_R})$ scenario displays complementary behavior consistent with CP-conserving dynamics. These results establish baryonic semileptonic decays as a powerful and independent probe of the $R_{\tau /(\mu ,e)}(D^{(\ast )})$ anomalies, with future measurements providing critical tests of the underlying NP structure.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJC(2026)·0 citations
2. 02*

   Forward backward CP asymmetry in ${\tau }^{-}\to K\pi {\nu }_{\tau }$ in the Left-Right Inverse seesaw model

   David Delepine🇲🇽 · Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬

   The Left--Right Inverse Seesaw (LRIS) model, in which TeV-scale right-handed neutrinos can carry $\mathcal{O}(1)$ Yukawa couplings while light neutrino masses remain protected by a small lepton-number-violating scale, provides a testable link between the neutrino-mass mechanism and flavor and collider observables: the same non-decoupling dynamics has recently been shown to enable viable TeV-scale non-thermal leptogenesis and to explain the $B\to K{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ anomaly. Here we examine a further, independent test of the same scalar sector in the semileptonic decay $\tau \to K\pi {\nu }_{\tau }$. We identify a distinct, unsuppressed signal in the \emph{differential} forward-backward CP asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{FB}}(s)$, driven by interference between the SM vector current and a non-decoupling scalar operator $g_S$ generated by a top-quark flavor-changing neutral-current box diagram with internal heavy neutrinos and charged Goldstone bosons. We derive the effective $|\Delta S|=1$ Hamiltonian, verify consistency with $K^0$--${\bar{K}}^0$ and $B_d^0$--${\bar{B}}_d^0$ mixing, $B\to X_s\gamma$, and neutrino non-unitarity constraints, and show numerically that $A_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{FB}}(s)$ is resonantly enhanced near the $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ state, reaching $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ -- within reach of Belle~II.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
3. 03*

   Muon $g$$-$2: correlation-induced uncertainties in precision data combinations

   Alexander Keshavarzi🇬🇧 · Daisuke Nomura🇯🇵 · Thomas Teubner🇬🇧 · Aidan Wright🇬🇧

   We present a general and systematic framework to quantify uncertainties arising from imperfectly known systematic correlations in data combinations. Formulated at the level of the combined data, the method enables controlled variation of the correlation structure, leading to the construction of covariance matrices directly on the resulting combination and thus providing a robust and systematic estimate of correlation-induced uncertainties. We apply the method to $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \mathrm{hadrons}$ cross section data, with the resulting covariance matrices propagated to derived observables, including dispersive determinations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP}}$. We find that uncertainties from systematic correlation assumptions are generally subdominant but non-negligible, and do not fully account for differences between existing $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \mathrm{hadrons}$ data combinations. The framework is broadly applicable to correlated data combinations in precision measurements and constitutes a new component of the upcoming KNTW data combination for $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP}}$.

   hep-phhep-ex2 citations
4. 04*

   NMSSMScanner: Efficient Scans in the NMSSM Parameter Space Proof of Concept

   Rafael Boto🇩🇪 · Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Felix Egle🇩🇪 · Karim Elyaouti🇩🇪 · Martin Gabelmann🇩🇪 · Margarete Mühlleitner🇩🇪 · Johann Plotnikov🇩🇪

   We present the first version of the new scanning tool NMSSMScanner that allows to perform efficient scans in the complex multi-parameter space of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) while taking into account all relevant constraints. As a proof of concept we apply it to the search for NMSSM parameter configurations that maximize Higgs boson pair production from resonant scalar or pseudoscalar production in various final states.

   hep-ph2 citations
5. 05*

   Can LLP detectors probe the reheating temperature? A case study of vector dark matter

   Paulo Areyuna C🇨🇱 · Giovanna Cottin🇨🇱 · Bastián Díaz Sáez🇨🇱 · Zeren Simon Wang🇨🇳 · Yu Zhang🇨🇳

   We study an extension of the singlet-scalar Higgs portal featuring a dark vector $V_{\mu }$ and a real scalar $\varphi$. The vector is a dark matter (DM) candidate, while $\varphi$ is long-lived and decays via higher-dimensional operators. We explore the DM production via freeze-in at low and high reheating temperatures. At colliders, the decay $\varphi \to Z+V$ yields distinctive long-lived particle (LLP) signatures. We explore the interplay between cosmological constraints and LLP searches at the LHC and FCC-hh, showing that far detectors can probe otherwise inaccessible parameter space and place novel bounds on the reheating temperature.

   hep-ph1 citation
6. 06*

   Basis for non-derivative baryon-number-violating operators

   Julian Heeck🇺🇸 · Brandon B. Le🇺🇸

   We present a minimal basis for non-derivative baryon-number-violating operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to mass dimension 11, as well as for the $(\Delta B,\Delta L)=(2,2)$ and $(2,-2)$ operators at dimension 12. Compared to existing results, our bases generally contain fewer terms and simpler contractions, although we also highlight select cases where a minimal basis is incompatible with simple structures.

   hep-phhep-th1 citation
7. 07*

   On the Role of Prompt Photons in the Anisotropic Emission of Direct Photons -- Direct Photons from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV with IP-Glasma Initial Condition

   Fu-Ming Liu🇨🇳

   The anisotropic emission of direct photons from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV was calculated using a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model with the impact parameter Glasma initial condition. The transverse momentum spectra of direct photons in different centrality bins (0-20\%, 20-40\%, and 40-60\%) are in good agreement with experimental data measured at RHIC. For the elliptic flow $v_2$ and triangular flow $v_3$, the agreement is centrality dependent, showing good correspondence for the 20-40\% bin but underprediction for the 0-20\% bin and overprediction for the 40-60\% bin. After carefully accounting for the contribution from prompt photons, the measured $v_2$ of direct photons is no longer too large to explain. An overestimation of the prompt photon yield can suppress the $v_2$ and $v_3$ of direct photons to values lower than those observed in the experimental data.

   hep-ph1 citation
8. 08*

   Big Dipper, Help Me Find A Way -- Dip-hunting at hadron colliders

   Diego A. Baron Moreno🇬🇧 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Yvonne Peters🇬🇧

   Destructive interference between signal and background processes poses a fundamental challenge in searches for top-philic scalar resonances, significantly reducing experimental sensitivity to well-motivated extensions of the Higgs sector. Traditional bump-hunting strategies fail in this instance because interference effects invalidate the narrow-width approximation across large regions of the BSM parameter space. As a result, experimental analyses typically rely on detailed simulations to accurately model these effects throughout the full analysis chain. In this work, we consider the inverse problem in a proof-of-principle study: given an observed pattern in a discriminating distribution, what is the likelihood that it originates from a BSM scalar? To address this, we employ parametric neural networks to learn the likelihood ratio as a function of both background and key BSM parameters, based on a ratio-of-signed-mixtures framework. We perform inference by testing the compatibility of observed data with a scan over the parameter space of a minimal scalar extension of the Standard Model. While BSM parameter extraction remains inherently model-dependent, our approach provides a robust diagnostic in perturbative regimes and motivates a complementary strategy of `dip-hunting'. This strategy extends traditional bump-hunts and could point the way as we navigate towards future discoveries.

   hep-ph0 citations
9. 09*

   A study of $J/\psi$ mass shift and bound states: Impact of $DD$ and $D{D}^{\ast }$ meson loops

   Manpreet Kaur🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar🇮🇳

   We investigate the modification of the $J/\psi$ meson mass in asymmetric nuclear matter at zero and finite temperatures employing an effective Lagrangian approach that considers the contributions of $DD$ and $D{D}^{\ast }$ meson loops. The medium dependence of $D$ meson masses is determined using the hadronic chiral SU(3) model, where scalar condensates are calculated and subsequently utilized in the QCD sum rules approach. Our findings indicate that an increase in baryonic density results in a negative mass shift of the $J/\psi$ meson. This suggests that the $J/\psi$ meson is attracted to nuclear mean fields indicating the possibility of the formation of meson-nucleus bound states. Moreover, we have also determined the binding energy and absorption decay width of the $J/\psi$ meson for both the ground and excited states of ${\text{O}}^{16}$, ${\text{Ca}}^{40}$, ${\text{Zr}}^{90}$, and ${\text{Pb}}^{208}$ nuclei. These results are expected to contribute to the understanding of experimental data from upcoming studies at Jefferson lab and the facility for antiproton and ion research, where low-momentum charmed mesons can be produced and examined within nuclei.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Les Houches study on inclusive jet production at NNLO+NNLL

    Terry Generet🇬🇧 · Joey Huston🇺🇸 · Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Rene Poncelet🇵🇱 · Xiaoyuan Zhang🇺🇸

    Jet production at the LHC is a powerful probe of QCD, making it ideal for precision tests and determinations of QCD parameters such as parton distribution functions and the strong coupling constant. To make the most of the abundant jet production data collected at the LHC, precise calculations are required. While state-of-the-art calculations reach next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD accuracy, a critical assessment of the remaining uncertainties arising from non-perturbative effects and missing higher orders remains crucial for correctly interpreting comparisons between theory and data. Scale variation is nearly always used to determine effects from missing higher orders. In this article, we reassess this method in the context of inclusive jet production by performing NNLO QCD calculations supplemented by small-jet-radius resummation through next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy (NNLL). We find that NNLL resummation can have an appreciable impact on the scale uncertainty for inclusive jet cross sections, and, for some scale choices, can lead to sizeable shifts of the central cross section. We conclude that scale variations in fixed-order and resummed calculations can drastically underestimate the impact of higher orders for commonly used jet radius parameters, and that missing higher-order estimates obtained via scale variations should be considered unreliable. Our findings add further evidence to the importance of going beyond scale variations in jet and jet substructure calculations.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thSciPost Phys.Comm.Rep.(2026)·0 citations
11. 11*

    The EDM inverse problem: Identifying the sources of CP violation and PQ breaking with electric dipole moments

    Kiwoon Choi🇰🇷 · Sang Hui Im🇰🇷

    Many extensions of the Standard Model (SM) generically introduce new sources of CP violation, which can induce observable $P$-odd and $T$-odd permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nuclei, atoms, and molecules. A future observation of nonvanishing EDMs would therefore provide a sensitive probe of physics beyond the SM, while also posing a nontrivial inverse problem: identifying their underlying ultraviolet origin. In this work, we identify six representative classes of CP-violating effective operators near the QCD scale, including the QCD $\theta$-term, that are particularly relevant for low-energy EDMs and can arise in a broad range of SM extensions. We show that these operator classes lead to distinct EDM patterns across different systems, thereby enabling discrimination among them through experimentally measured EDMs. We further emphasize that EDM measurements can shed light on the origin of the vacuum expectation value of the QCD axion. In particular, they may help distinguish whether a nonzero axion vacuum expectation value is predominantly induced by high-scale Peccei--Quinn symmetry-breaking effects, such as those associated with quantum gravity, or by the interplay between beyond-the-SM CP violation and the QCD anomaly.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th1 citation
12. 12*

    A Possible Advanced Positron Signal in AMS-02 Measurements

    Yi Yang🇹🇼

    AMS-02 measurements show a striking separation between the characteristic energy scales of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons: the electron spectrum peaks near the ordinary retarded cooling scale, while the positron spectrum exhibits a high-energy structure at hundreds of GeV. I ask whether this hierarchy can be interpreted without introducing a dedicated additional positron source, dark matter component, or fine-tuned source population. Motivated by the Dirac/Feynman-Stueckelberg viewpoint, I formulate an effective transport response in which the positron sector contains a retarded branch and an advanced-associated branch with reduced accumulated radiative exposure. Two minimal realizations, a one-zone response model and a local-source response model, are used to compare the AMS-02 electron and positron spectra. In the cleaner local-source realization, the high-energy positron structure is carried predominantly by the advanced-associated branch, with an order-one branch weight and a strongly reduced effective exposure. I also discuss consistency conditions showing that this interpretation cannot be reduced to a simple survival-suppression or ordinary decoherence model. The result should be read as a possible advanced-associated positron response interpretation of the AMS-02 spectral hierarchy, not as a full Galactic propagation fit or a proof of microscopic backward-in-time propagation.

    hep-ph1 citation
13. 13*

    Jarvis-HEP: A lightweight Python framework for workflow composition and parameter scans in high-energy physics

    Erdong Guo🇺🇸 · Paul Jackson🇦🇺 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Pengxuan Zhu

    High-energy physics phenomenology often requires linking multiple computational tools to evaluate observables, likelihoods, and experimental constraints across nontrivial parameter spaces. In this work, we introduce Jarvis-HEP, a lightweight Python framework for workflow composition and parameter scans in high-energy physics. The framework provides YAML-based workflow specification, dependency-aware execution, modular calculator integration, and asynchronous task scheduling for multi-step computational studies. It supports both external software packages and internally implemented components within a unified workflow, and the current implementation includes several built-in sampling backends for exploratory scans. This paper describes the design and user interface of Jarvis-HEP and illustrates its use with representative synthetic and phenomenological examples.

    hep-phphysics.comp-ph3 citations
14. 14*

    Determination of the $Z_c(3900)$ and the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ states from joint analysis of experimental and lattice data

    Yun-Hua Chen🇨🇳 · Meng-Lin Du🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳

    We present a unified analysis of the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$ states considering both experimental and lattice data. The study simultaneously includes the processes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-},J/\psi K^{+}{K}^{-},D^0{D}^{\ast -}{\pi }^{+},(D^{\ast 0}{D}_s^{-}+D^0{D}_s^{\ast -})K^{+}$, together with finite-volume energy levels from recent lattice QCD simulations. Open-charm meson loops with triangle singularities, the $J/\psi \pi (J/\psi \bar{K})$-$\bar{D}{D}^{\ast }(\bar{D}{D}_s^{\ast })$ coupled-channel interactions, and the $\pi \pi$-$K\bar{K}$ final-state interaction are all taken into account. We find that pole contributions associated with the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$ are indispensable for describing the data. The successful joint description of the experimental and lattice data supports the interpretation that the $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$ are SU(3) flavor partners within the same octet multiplet and indicates that both are resonance states. The extracted pole masses and half-widths of the $Z_c(3900)$ and the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ are $(3879.6\pm 4.8)$ MeV and $(32.2\pm 4.7)$ MeV, and $(3976.9\pm 5.1)$ MeV and $(28.8\pm 5.9)$ MeV, respectively. The ratios of the $Z_c(Z_{cs})$ couplings to the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }(D_s{\bar{D}}^{\ast }+D{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast })$ and $J/\psi \pi (J/\psi K)$ channels are also determined. A compositeness analysis indicates that, although the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }(D_s{\bar{D}}^{\ast }+D{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast })$ component in the $Z_c(3900)(Z_{cs}(3985))$ state is sizable, additional components are still needed to form these exotic states.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lat5 citations
15. 15*

    Probing the hadronic molecular nature of the $\Omega (2012)$, $\Omega (2380)$, and ${\Omega }_c(3120)$ via femtoscopy correlation functions

    Si-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Wen-Tao Lyu🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

    We investigate the femtoscopic correlation functions of systems associated with the $\Omega (2012)$, $\Omega (2380)$, and ${\Omega }_c(3120)$ resonances, with the aim of elucidating their internal structures. By employing effective potential models that incorporate both $s$-wave and $d$-wave interactions, we calculate the correlation functions for the relevant coupled channels. Our numerical results reveal pronounced enhancement structures in the ${\Xi }^0{K}^{-}$ and ${\Xi }_c^{+}{K}^{-}$ correlation functions, which provide direct evidences for the dynamically generated $\Omega (2012)$ and ${\Omega }_c(3120)$ states. Furthermore, significant low-momentum enhancements are observed in the ${\Xi }^{\ast 0}{K}^{-}$ and ${\Xi }^{\ast 0}{K}^{\ast -}$ channel, which are attributed to the $\Omega (2012)$ and $\Omega (2380)$ resonances. These theoretical calculations provide crucial insights for future high-precision measurements at the LHC and RHIC, offering a novel and independent approach to determine the dynamically generated hadronic molecular nature of these $\Omega$ excited states.

    hep-ph3 citations
16. 16*

    Axion-like particle-meson production in semileptonic $\tau$ decays

    Yu-Xuan Bai🇨🇳 · Jin Hao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳

    In this work we explore the semileptonic $\tau$ decays into the axion-like particle ($a$)-meson final states within chiral effective field theory. The next-to-leading-order mixing matrix for the ${\pi }^0$-$\eta$-${\eta }^{\prime }$-$a$ system with the linear isospin-breaking effects, is exploited and then implemented to calculate the hadronic form factors relevant to the $\tau$ decays. The resonance parameters entering the form factors are determined from fits to the experimental spectra of ${\tau }^{-}\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0{\nu }_{\tau }$, ${\tau }^{-}\to K_S{\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$, and ${\tau }^{-}\to K^{-}\eta {\nu }_{\tau }$. We then focus on the predictions to the branching ratios, invariant-mass distributions, and forward-backward asymmetries from the ${\tau }^{-}\to Pa{\nu }_{\tau }$ processes, with $P={\pi }^{-}$ and $K^{-}$. Our results provide a quantitative basis for future searches of the axion-like particle signals in semileptonic $\tau$ decays.

    hep-ph0 citations
17. 17*

    Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering on helium-4 beyond leading power

    Víctor Martínez-Fernández🇫🇷 · B. Pire🇫🇷 · P. Sznajder🇵🇱 · J. Wagner🇵🇱

    Coherent hard exclusive reactions on light nuclei provide access to their quark and gluon structure and enable three-dimensional tomography of these complex systems. We study deeply virtual Compton scattering on a helium-4 target, including both kinematic twist-3 and twist-4 corrections, as well as next-to-leading-order corrections to the twist-2 amplitude in the strong coupling ${\alpha }_s$. We show that these contributions are crucial for achieving a precise description of the data and, as a result, obtain the first tomographic image of the helium-4 nucleus at the quark-gluon level.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th2 citations
18. 18*

    Collective neutrino-antineutrino pair oscillations

    Shih-Jie Huang🇹🇼 · Meng-Ru Wu🇹🇼

    In dense neutrino gas, pairing correlations between neutrinos and antineutrinos with opposite momenta can be nonzero in generalized neutrino quantum kinetic equations at the mean-field level. In this Letter, we investigate for the first time the condition under which collective neutrino-antineutrino ($\nu \bar{\nu }$) pairing instabilities can occur, using simplified toy models consisting of discretized $\nu \bar{\nu }$ pairs in a homogeneous neutrino gas. We find that, in ansiotropic systems, $\nu \bar{\nu }$ pairing instabilities generally emerge when the phase space distribution of the excessive pair-occupation number, defined as the sum of the neutrino and antineutrino occupation numbers of a pair minus 1, changes signs. The associated instability growth rate is set by the forward scattering potential and is comparable to that of collective fast neutrino flavor instabilities. The instabilities can result in pair conversions of $\nu \bar{\nu }$ occupation numbers between different momentum modes. Our results motivate further studies to assess the relevance of $\nu \bar{\nu }$ pairing effects in realistic astrophysical and cosmological environments.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE2 citations
19. 19*

    Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves

    Rishav Roshan🇬🇧

    Domain wall annihilation can leave a distinctive imprint on the induced gravitational wave spectrum. During annihilation, most of the domain wall energy transforms into the scalar field responsible for the initial ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry breaking that created the walls, along with any coupled species. If the produced scalar is sufficiently long-lived, its delayed decay drives an early matter-dominated phase following domain wall annihilation, significantly amplifying induced gravitational waves from primordial perturbations. The subsequent transition to radiation domination dilutes the domain wall contribution through entropy injection while preserving the enhanced induced signal. This creates a gravitational wave spectrum with two distinct peaks detectable across complementary frequency bands. We explore the observable parameter space and demonstrate how multi-band detection can probe early universe symmetry breaking.

    hep-phgr-qc5 citations
20. 20*

    Covariant Construction of Generalized Form Factors

    Hao Sun🇨🇳 · Tuo Tan🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

    We present a systematic technique for constructing the Lorentz-covariant structures of hadronic matrix elements of local operators. The spinor Young tableaux of the Lorentz group is employed to construct all possible structures for the matrix elements of arbitrary operators, using the relativistic wave functions and momenta of the initial and final state particles of arbitrary spin as building blocks. We obtain the form factor bases for the scalar, vector, and rank-2 tensor operators for particles with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$, $1$, $\frac{3}{2}$, and $2$, among which the general $P$ and $T$ form factors for spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ and spin-$2$ particles are presented for the first time. The independent form factor structures are also cross-checked by the non-relativistic counting and Hilbert Series method and we find there is redundant $P$ and $T$ conserved structure for spin-$2$ particles in literature. As an application, the matrix elements of general nonlocal operators can be expanded by towers of the matrix elements of local operators, and thus can be decomposed by the constructed form factor bases above.

    hep-ph1 citation
21. 21*

    Four-Loop Gluon Anomalous Dimension of General Lorentz Spin: Transcendental Part

    B.A. Kniehl🇩🇪 · S.-O. Moch🇩🇪 · V.N. Velizhanin🇩🇪 · A. Vogt🇩🇪

    We consider the anomalous dimension ${\gamma }_{gg}^{(3)}(N)$ of the twist-two gluon operator of arbitrary Lorentz spin $N$ in the quark flavor singlet sector of a general gauge theory at four loops and construct its contribution proportional to $\zeta (3)$ in analytic form by applying the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász algorithm to the available low-$N$ moments. We exploit generalized Gribov-Liptov reciprocity, establish new self-tuning relations for the anomalous dimension matrix of the singlet sector, and inject information from $\mathcal{N}=1,4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. We also present the contribution to the rational part of ${\gamma }_{gg}^{(3)}(N)$ with color factor $C_F^2{n}_f^2$. Exact contributions to the four-loop splitting function $P_{gg}^{(3)}(x)$ hence resulting via inverse Mellin transformation help us to reduce theoretical uncertainties in scaling violations of parton distribution functions in QCD.

    hep-phPRL(2026)·1 citation
22. 22*

    Analysis of quarkonium polarization in proton-proton (p-p) collisions at LHC using PYTHIA model

    Deekshit Kumar🇮🇳 · Ekata Nandy🇮🇳 · Biswarup Paul🇮🇳 · Subikash Choudhury🇮🇳 · Tinku Sinha🇮🇳 · Partha Pratim Bhaduri🇮🇳

    The measurement of polarization serves as an important probe to investigate the production mechanism of quarkonia, the bound state of heavy quark anti-quark (charm or bottom) pairs, in hadronic collisions. In experimental invesigations, the polarization is usually measured by analyzing the anisotropies in the angular distribution of the muons originating from the decay of the quarkonium state. In the present article, we study the charmonia ($J/\psi$) and bottomonia (${\rm Y}(1S)$) polarization at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 13 TeV in proton-proton(p-p) collisions at LHC using Monte Carlo (MC) event generator model PYTHIA8, which is based on perturbative QCD. The transverse momentum ($p_T$) differential distribution has been calculated at forward rapidity ($2.5<y_{\mu \mu }<4.0$) and the polarization parameters are estimated in Helicity and Collins-Sooper reference frames. In addition, to mimic realistic experimental conditions, we have incorporated, in PYTHIA simulations, effects like detector inefficiencies and muon momentum smearing. These contributions alter the polarization parameters, introducing an artificial degree of polarization, if not properly corrected for. The simulation results have been compared with the recent ALICE measurements for quarkonia polarization in p-p collisions at LHC energy regime.

    hep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Precision predictions for trilinear scalar couplings and Higgs pair production in models with extended scalar sectors

    Johannes Braathen🇩🇪

    Reconstructing the shape of the Higgs potential realised in Nature is one of the most pressing tasks of current and future colliders. This will offer deep insights into the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition and provide a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this context, it is essential to have precise theory predictions for trilinear scalar couplings, which control the form of the potential, and for Higgs pair production processes, which are the observables that allow accessing the trilinear couplings. I summarise in these proceedings recent progress in precision calculations of both trilinear scalar couplings and Higgs pair production at the (HL-)LHC in BSM models with extended scalar sectors.

    hep-ph0 citations
24. 24*

    $CP$ violation in singly Cabibbo suppressed $D\to \pi a_0(980)$ decays

    Yu-Kuo Hsiao🇨🇳 · Shu-Ting Cai🇨🇳 · Yan-Li Wang🇨🇳

    The singly Cabibbo suppressed (SCS) decays $D\to \pi a_0$, with $a_0\equiv a_0(980)$, have been measured with the branching-fraction ratios $r_{\mathrm{ex}}^{+/-}\equiv \mathcal{B}(D^0\to {\pi }^{-}{a}_0^{+})/\mathcal{B}(D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-})=7.5_{-0.8}^{+2.5}\pm 1.7$ and $r_{\mathrm{ex}}^{+/0}\equiv \mathcal{B}(D^{+}\to {\pi }^0{a}_0^{+})/\mathcal{B}(D^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{a}_0^0)=2.6\pm 0.6\pm 0.3$, deviating significantly from the short-distance expectations $(r^{+/-},r^{+/0})\simeq (0.07,0.2)$. This discrepancy indicates the necessity of long-distance rescattering effects. In particular, the process $D\to K^{\ast }K\to a_0\pi$ generates ${\mathcal{M}}_s$ comparable in magnitude to ${\mathcal{M}}_d$ in the amplitude $\mathcal{M}={\lambda }_d{\mathcal{M}}_d+{\lambda }_s{\mathcal{M}}_s$, with ${\lambda }_q\equiv V_{cq}^{\ast }{V}_{uq}$, accompanied by nontrivial strong phases essential for $CP$ violation. Consequently, the direct $CP$ asymmetries naturally arise at the $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ level, for example, ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(D^0\to {\pi }^{-}{a}_0^{+})=(-0.7\pm 0.1\pm 0.1\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$, ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(D^{+}\to {\pi }^0{a}_0^{+})=(-1.4\pm 0.1\pm 0.1\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$, and ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-})=(-2.1\pm 0.9\pm 1.1\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-3}$. These results establish SCS $D\to \pi a_0$ decays as a new avenue for probing $CP$ violation.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
25. 25*

    $\text{cuSkyrmion}$: A CUDA-OpenGL framework for interactive simulation and visualization of nuclei as Skyrmions

    Sven Bjarke Gudnason🇨🇳 · Paul Leask🇸🇪

    We introduce $\text{cuSkyrmion}$, a 3-dimensional Skyrme model computation and visualization software, that is written in $\text{CUDA C}$ for rapid computation and visualization of especially the arrested Newton flow algorithm. The programme is interactive and lets the user construct Skyrmions either with configuration files, specifying coordinates, or simply in run-time using the keyboard and mouse. Rational map ansatz constituent Skyrmions can be inserted at any time and a random generator can produce a stochastic initial configuration. The software is composed into three main modules being a computational module, a rendering module and a main programme. The rendering/visualization module can readily be used by other computational modules and a $\text{Python}$-fork, \texttt{skyrmion_solver}, has been developed demonstrating the re-usability of the code.

    hep-phnucl-thphysics.comp-ph1 citation
26. 26*

    Explainable AI for Jet Tagging: A Comparative Study of GNNExplainer, GNNShap, and GradCAM for Jet Tagging in the Lund Jet Plane

    Pahal D. Patel🇮🇳 · Sanmay Ganguly🇮🇳

    Graph neural networks such as ParticleNet and transformer based networks on point clouds such as ParticleTransformer achieve state-of-the-art performance on jet tagging benchmarks at the Large Hadron Collider, yet the physical reasoning behind their predictions remains opaque. We present different methods, i.e. perturbation-based (GNNExplainer), Shapley-value-based (GNNShap), and gradient-based (GRADCam); adapted to operate on LundNet's Lund-plane graph representation. Leveraging the fact that each node in the Lund plane corresponds to a physically meaningful parton splitting, we construct Monte Carlo truth explanation masks and introduce a physics-informed evaluation framework that goes beyond standard fidelity metrics. We perform the analysis in three transverse-momentum bins (${\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{T}}\in [500,700]$, $[800,1000]$, and the inclusive region $[500,1000]$ GeV), revealing how explanation quality and focus shift between non-perturbative and perturbative regimes. We further quantify the correlation between explainer-assigned node importance and classical jet substructure observables -- $N$-subjettiness ratios ${\tau }_{21}$ and ${\tau }_{32}$ and the energy correlation functions -- establishing the degree to which the model has learned known QCD features. We find that overall the weight assigned by explainability methods has a correlation with analytic observables, with expected shift across different phase space regimes, indicating that a trained neural network indeed learns some aspects of jet-substructure moments. Our open-source implementation enables reproducible explainability studies for graph-based jet taggers.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-ex3 citations
27. 27*

    Gauging Axionic Symmetries and Dark Matter: In memory of George Lazarides

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹

    These notes are written for a memorial Session dedicated to George Lazarides. They revisit a joint work on the cosmology of a gauged axion and place it in a broader line of ideas connecting anomalous gauge symmetries, orientifold effective actions, Stueckelberg fields and dark matter. In models with an anomalous extra $U(1)$ symmetry, the Stueckelberg pseudoscalar participates in the restoration of gauge invariance through Wess-Zumino counterterms and, after electroweak symmetry breaking, may leave a physical axion-like state. Its cosmological history differs from that of an ordinary Peccei-Quinn axion: the physical field appears only after Higgs-Stueckelberg mixing, is subject to sequential electroweak and QCD misalignment, and can give an appreciable dark-matter relic abundance only when the Stueckelberg scale is sufficiently large. This perspective connects naturally with George's earlier insight that the vacuum structure of axion models must be understood together with the gauge structure in which it is embedded. I dedicate these notes to his memory, with gratitude for the collaboration and for the clarity with which he connected particle physics to the early universe.

    hep-phhep-thPoS(2026)·0 citations
28. 28*

    EFT Pathways to $|\Delta B|=2$: Chiral Constructions and Phenomenology

    Arnau Bas i Beneito🇪🇸 · Ajdin Palavrić🇪🇸 · Andrea Sainaghi🇨🇭

    We develop a systematic effective field theory framework for studying $|\Delta B|=2$ interactions across energy scales. Using chiral symmetry, we construct the complete and non-redundant set of operators governing these interactions at low energies and establish their connection to the corresponding operators in the Standard Model effective field theory, as well as to their realizations in baryon chiral perturbation theory. The framework is then applied to the phenomenology of baryon-antibaryon oscillations and dinucleon decay. While oscillations probe only a limited subset of operator structures, dinucleon decay is sensitive to a significantly broader class, including transitions that are otherwise inaccessible. In addition, we identify previously unexplored dinucleon decay channels, which can probe these unconstrained regions of parameter space. More generally, this formalism makes explicit the complementarity of different probes and provides a consistent way to trace baryon-number-violating effects from their ultraviolet origin to low-energy hadronic observables, thereby providing a basis for systematic studies of ultraviolet models generating such interactions.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th0 citations
29. 29*

    Collisional energy loss distribution of a fast parton in a hot or dense QCD medium

    G. Jackson🇫🇷 · S. Peigné🇫🇷

    We compute the probability distribution for collisional energy loss of an ultrarelativistic parton crossing a quark-gluon plasma. This collisional quenching weight has not been determined previously, unlike the average collisional loss per unit distance, although it should be a more accurate quantity to use in jet-quenching phenomenology. The quenching weight is obtained from a well-known kinetic equation which resums an arbitrary number of elastic scatterings of the energetic parton with the medium, providing a complete description of the stochastic energy exchange, including the possibility of energy gain from thermal fluctuations. The formulation also naturally extends the standard treatment of collisional energy loss to finite path lengths, which could be relevant not only for heavy-ion collisions, but also for light-ion, and possibly proton-nucleus and proton-proton collisions. We predict the quenching weight in a setup where individual elastic scatterings are described using the hard thermal loop approximation for soft exchanges, with a smooth matching to the hard domain.

    hep-ph0 citations
30. 30*

    New insights into the $b\to c\bar{u}q$ puzzle through Top-Bottom synergies

    Jack Y. Araz🇬🇧 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Matthew Kirk🇬🇧 · Gilberto Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi🇩🇪

    Anomalies in the non-leptonic ${\bar{B}}^0\to D^{(\ast )+}{K}^{(\ast )-}$ and ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to D_s^{(\ast )+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays may be an indication of physics beyond the Standard Model, but the large deviations require strongly coupled new physics that should be visible at colliders. We explore three new directions that could lead to viable new physics models, performing a detailed collider study to examine the possible weakening of previously known constraints on additional $SU(2{)}_L$ doublets. Our results show that, despite the difficulty of probing $t\bar{t}$ final states, increasing the branching ratio to this decay mode does not significantly weaken the bounds on weak doublet scalars, as additionally existing charged Higgs searches are equally strong. Beyond this, we analyse a potentially large breakdown of QCD factorisation by including large-power corrections to $B$ decays, and the effect of diluting collider searches with multi-scalar extensions. We find that these typical model-building routes for constructing a viable scenario remain constrained by collider measurements, indicating that these non-leptonic anomalies remain among the most puzzling discrepancies from the SM.

    hep-ph2 citations
31. 31*

    Revisiting Turner Window Axions: The Untapped Potential of NaI Dark Matter Detectors

    W. C. Haxton🇺🇸 · Xing Liu🇺🇸 · Anupam Ray🇨🇦 · Evan Rule🇺🇸

    The "Turner window" corresponds to axions with masses $\gtrsim$ 1 eV that have sufficiently strong couplings to matter to evade limits from the cooling of SN1987A. This window, through which the trajectories for the KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axions run, has been thought to be largely closed because of (1) the floor established by SN1987A cooling, (2) the absence of SN1987A-associated photons in the Kamioka II detector, and (3) the limit on neutrons produced by solar axions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. We show that a more complete treatment of the axion opacity in SN1987A, significantly weakens (2). Consequently, for axion or axion-like particles with hadronic couplings, $g_{ann}$ and $g_{app}$, significant regions within the Turner window now become viable. We describe a new opportunity to constrain such hadronically coupled axions via their resonant absorption in NaI detectors. The source is the Milky Way's carbon-burning stars -- the progenitors of ONeMg white dwarfs as well as electron-capture and core-collapse supernovae -- which synthesize significant quantities of ${}^{23}$Na, keeping it at temperatures $\sim 10^9$K for periods up to tens of thousands of years. ${}^{23}$Na acts as a thermal pump to convert stellar energy into axions, which arrive at the Earth as a thermally broadened line at 440 keV. These axions can be detected via resonant absorption in NaI, with the needed detector arrays already in place, developed by DAMA/LIBRA and other collaborations to search for the elastic scattering of light WIMPs. In axion detection, NaI serves as both the target, producing $\gamma$'s following resonant absorption, and the detector for those $\gamma$'s. With current array masses and backgrounds, we find that the coupling range $|g_{app}|\sim 10^{-6.5}$--$10^{-2}$ can be covered after two years of data, including QCD axions with $m_a\gtrsim 10$ eV.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exnucl-ex+11 citation
32. 32*

    Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry

    Andrea Boccia🇮🇹 · Marco Chianese🇮🇹

    We study the formation of asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We show that the presence of heavy particles predicted in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) can lead to a transient softening of the equation of state of the Universe during their non-relativistic transition, enhancing PBH formation. We compute the effective equation of state for different realizations of the MSSM mass spectrum, parametrized by three characteristic mass scales. Assuming a broad and approximately scale-invariant primordial curvature power spectrum, we evaluate the resulting PBH mass functions and compare them with current observational constraints. We find that, for supersymmetric masses above $\sim 10^5\mathrm{GeV}$, the PBH mass function is significantly enhanced in the asteroid-mass window, allowing PBHs to account for the total dark matter abundance without violating existing bounds. In contrast, within the Standard Model the same configurations lead to PBH mass functions that are observationally excluded. For lighter supersymmetric mass spectra, PBH production is shifted toward masses above $\sim 10^{22}\mathrm{g}$, which are strongly constrained by microlensing searches, thereby reducing their allowed contribution to the dark matter density.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2026)·0 citations
33. 33*

    Dissipative Losses In Black Hole-Induced Vacuum Decay

    Michael Geller🇮🇱 · Ofri Telem🇮🇱

    We address the long-standing puzzle of false vacuum decay catalyzed by black holes. Naively, small black holes with large Hawking temperatures can generate highly-boosted true vacuum bubbles in the early universe and trigger vacuum decay without any exponential suppression. Working in the thin-wall regime of the ${\varphi }^4$ and sine-Gordon models, we show that radiative losses play a crucial role in decelerating these bubbles and preventing runaway vacuum decay. We find that while the production rate is enhanced compared with vacuum tunneling in some parts of the parameter space, it is always exponentially suppressed.

    hep-phhep-th1 citation
34. 34*

    Specially Embedding a Composite Axion Model

    Shihwen Hor🇨🇳 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳 · Motoo Suzuki🇮🇹 · Junxuan Xu🇨🇳

    We present a novel framework of the post-inflationary composite axion to address the strong CP problem without the cosmological domain wall problem. Conventional composite axion models lead to the domain wall number greater than one, producing stable axion domain walls that overclose the Universe. We show that by considering a special embedding of the confining gauge group responsible for the composite axion as well as QCD into a larger product gauge group, the domain wall number is essentially set to unity in the ultraviolet (UV) theory. In this setup, small instanton effects associated with the UV gauge dynamics induce a controlled explicit breaking of the residual discrete symmetry, providing a bias term in the axion potential. As a result, the domain walls become unstable and decay sufficiently quickly, while the axion solution to the strong CP problem remains intact. We construct an explicit realization of this framework, identify a viable parameter region and analyze the axion dark matter abundance. Decays of exotic hadrons from the composite dynamics are also investigated. Our special-embedding UV completion renders the domain wall problem in composite axion models cosmologically harmless.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
35. 35*

    Time-of-Flight Constraints on Neutrino Millicharge from Supernova Neutrinos in Galactic Magnetic Fields

    Pedro Dedin Neto🇩🇰 · AmirFarzan Esmaeili🇧🇷 · Guilherme A. Nogueira🇧🇷 · Pedro Cunha de Holanda🇧🇷 · Ernesto Kemp🇧🇷

    A millicharged neutrino propagating through magnetic fields experiences a small Lorentz-force deflection, which induces a geometric time delay. In the ultra-relativistic regime relevant for supernova neutrinos, this delay scales as $q_{\nu }^2{E}_{\nu }^{-2}$, where $q_{\nu }$ and $E_{\nu }$ denote the neutrino millicharge and energy, respectively, and thus shares the same leading energy dependence as the standard time-of-flight delay induced by neutrino mass. Motivated by this similarity, we propose a framework to reinterpret supernova time-of-flight limits on neutrino mass as constraints on neutrino millicharge. We express both effects in terms of a common $E_{\nu }^{-2}$ dispersion coefficient and compute the millicharge-induced contribution using a line-of-sight-dependent magnetic delay kernel, extending the original SN1987A uniform-field estimate. Applying this translation to existing SN1987A limits and to projected sensitivities for future Galactic core-collapse supernova observations, we obtain bounds ranging from the $\sim 10^{-17}e$ level for SN1987A to the low-$10^{-19}e$ regime for next-generation Galactic bursts, with optimistic combinations of detector sensitivity and Galactic sightline approaching $\sim 10^{-20}e$. We compare these results with other bounds in the literature and discuss how nonzero neutrino mass affects the interpretation.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE0 citations
36. 36*

    Cartan Fluxes in $SU(3)$ Lattice Gauge Theory

    Tereza Mendes🇧🇷 · Luis E. Oxman🇧🇷 · Gustavo M. Simões🇧🇷 · Rafael C.S. Tonhon🇧🇷

    We propose and analyze a new method of detecting center vortices and monopoles in lattice Yang-Mills theory. This procedure is sensitive to the intrinsic degeneracy of the center charges, which play a crucial role in how these topological objects interact and correlate with one another. Our approach is based on fixing the Maximal Abelian gauge (MAG) and decomposing the link configuration in a suitable way to look for so-called Cartan fluxes, by projecting the gauge fields onto the Cartan subalgebra. The method directly assigns the detection of monopoles to the roots of the gauge group, allowing a clearer and more robust characterization of the Abelian-charge content of the gauge configuration. Our discussion is general for $SU(N)$ gauge theory, but we focus our applications on the $SU(3)$ case. For the $SU(2)$ case, our proposed parametrization is equivalent to the standard one. We present a numerical study of the monopole density in $SU(3)$ theory, obtained using our method. A sizable difference in the number of monopoles is found between our proposed method and the standard one. Also, we observe a Weyl-symmetric distribution of monopole charges.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-th0 citations
37. 37*

    Bell Test of Photons from Electron-Positron Annihilation via POVM-based Compton Polarimetry

    Jack Clarke · Preslav Asenov🇬🇧 · Jesse Smeets · Jia-Shian Wang · David B. Cassidy · Alessio Serafini🇬🇧

    Quantum entanglement between gamma-ray photons emitted following electron-positron annihilation is expected to be maximal and may be characterized via non-classical polarization correlations. However, this is difficult to verify experimentally because there are no established schemes that approach ideal projective-polarization measurements for high-energy photons. Hence, polarization entanglement between MeV-scale annihilation photons has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. We develop here a framework that models polarization measurements of high-energy photons via Compton polarimetry, employing the formalism of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We extend the POVM description to sequences of repeated interactions and show that the measurement converges toward an ideal projective measurement of linear polarization as the number of interactions increases. We demonstrate that this progressive improvement in measurement sharpness can enable the experimental violation of CHSH inequalities.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phhep-th1 citation
38. 38*

    Chapman-Enskog calculation of the shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma including all $2\leftrightarrow 2$ scatterings at finite temperature

    Okey Ohanaka🇺🇸 · Zi-Wei Lin🇺🇸

    We use the Chapman-Enskog method to investigate the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma with a focus on its relation to parton cross sections. We use the recently obtained analytical expression for the shear viscosity $\eta$ of a massless quark-gluon gas at chemical equilibrium with Boltzmann statistics and all $2\leftrightarrow 2$ scatterings with arbitrary cross sections. Here we apply this general expression to cross sections at finite temperature that are based on perturbative-QCD and screened with scaled thermal masses $\sqrt{\kappa }{m}_D$ and $\sqrt{\kappa }{m}_F$. We find that the Chapman-Enskog results on $\eta g^4/T^3$ versus $m_D/T$ at $\kappa =1$ are qualitatively similar to but higher than the corresponding leading-order results from the AMY framework. We then find that using $\kappa =0.4$ allows the Chapman-Enskog results to match well the corresponding AMY results as it includes the effect of using thermal masses (instead of self-energies) to screen the cross sections. In addition, we show that the shear viscosity-to-entropy density ratio $\eta /s$ is very sensitive to the choice of momentum scale $Q$ in the strong coupling, where the choice of $Q=3T$ leads to $\eta /s\sim 0.15$ for $N_f=0$ or 3 at the QCD phase transition temperature $T_c$. These results lay the foundation for mapping parton cross sections to given shear viscosity in parton transport models and QCD effective kinetic theory.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph2 citations
39. 39*

    Non-Monotonic Rotation Imprint on Time-Integrated Neutrino Spectral Moments in a 15\,$M_{\odot }$ Core-Collapse Supernova Sequence

    Nicolas Viaux🇨🇱

    We study the early post-bounce neutrino signal of the published Garching $15M_{\odot }$ rotating core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sequence consisting of non-rotating (NR), slowly rotating (SR, ${\Omega }_0=0.5$ rad\,s${}^{-1}$), and fast-rotating (FR, ${\Omega }_0=150$ rad\,s${}^{-1}$, artificially boosted $\sim 300\times$) three-dimensional models. We present a new analysis of these publicly available simulation data; no new simulations were performed. Our central result, for this specific model sequence, is that SR and FR shift the integrated spectral moments in \emph{opposite directions} relative to NR: FR drives the spectra toward softer, more-pinched states, while SR moves them weakly toward harder, less-pinched states. Placed in a spectral-shift plane $(\Delta ⟨E{⟩}_L,\Delta {\alpha }_L)$, NR sits at the origin, and SR and FR occupy \emph{diagonally opposite quadrants}, making the non-monotonic response immediately visible as an anti-correlation in two spectral dimensions simultaneously. The focus is the accretion interval $t_{\mathrm{pb}}=0.05$--$0.30$\,s, where the rotation imprint is strongest. Quantitatively, fast rotation produces $\Delta ⟨E_{{\nu }_e}{⟩}_L=-0.513$\,MeV and $\Delta {\alpha }_{{\nu }_e}=+0.161$, with corresponding shifts $\Delta ⟨E_{{\bar{\nu }}_e}{⟩}_L=-0.440$\,MeV and $\Delta {\alpha }_{{\bar{\nu }}_e}=+0.173$; the SR shifts are an order of magnitude smaller and in the opposite sense. The fast-rotation signature is coherent across all $15488$ lines of sight and is established during early accretion. With only three models from a single progenitor family, this result is a phenomenological characterization of one published sequence and a suggestive indication of a non-monotonic, possibly strongly nonlinear, rotational response within this sequence; the functional form and generality of the dependence on ${\Omega }_0$ remain unconstrained.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAstron.Astrophys.(2026)·0 citations
40. 40*

    Simple Analytical Solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt Equation in the Classical Hamilton-Jacobi Limit

    Naoto Maki🇯🇵 · Chia-Min Lin🇨🇳 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

    We investigate the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for a flat, homogeneous, and isotropic Universe containing a canonical scalar field with a potential. We show that under the constraint $|\Psi |=1$, where the Wheeler-DeWitt equation exactly becomes the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, the form of the potential is completely determined depending on the value of the operator ordering parameter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the classified potentials admit simple forms, such as the exponential, quadratic with a negative cosmological constant, and cosine-type potential with a negative cosmological constant. Several of these have already been explored in the context of inflation or dark energy. Finally, focusing on the system with the cosine-type potential and a negative cosmological constant in the classified potentials, we derive the analytical solutions for the scale factor and the scalar field and discuss the cosmological implications.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph3 citations
41. 41*

    Integrand Analysis, Leading Singularities and Canonical Bases beyond Polylogarithms

    Felix Forner🇩🇪 · Cesare Carlo Mella🇬🇧 · Christoph Nega🇩🇪 · Lorenzo Tancredi🇩🇪 · Fabian J. Wagner🇩🇪

    In this paper, we elaborate on the connection between leading singularities and canonical bases of Feynman integrals beyond polylogarithms. We start by discussing a notion of leading singularities in dimensional regularization, which can be generalized from the Riemann sphere to more complex geometries, and use it to demonstrate how selecting Feynman integrals with unit leading singularities necessitates introducing new transcendental functions related to the periods of the underlying geometries. Integrals with unit leading singularities in this generalized sense, satisfy $ϵ$-factorized differential equations, and the new transcendental functions are in direct correspondence to the new differential forms appearing in their Gauss-Manin connection. We argue that this construction is mathematically equivalent to the splitting of the period matrix into semi-simple and unipotent parts plus a clean-up step, and demonstrate its use with examples of increasing complexity that require the interplay of multiple geometries.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph8 citations
42. 42*

    Microlensing of fast and slow compact objects

    Manish Tamta🇮🇳 · Nirmal Raj🇮🇳 · Himanshu Verma🇺🇸

    Gravitational microlensing constraints on non-standard compact objects are conventionally derived assuming lenses trace the dark matter halo with velocities following a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution centered around $10^{-3}c$. However, a variety of theoretical scenarios predict populations of compact objects whose velocities deviate dramatically from those of virialized halo dark matter -- ultrarelativistic primordial black holes from cosmic string collapse, mirror neutron stars, gravitationally kicked black hole merger remnants, dark matter nuggets, free floaters ejected from gravitationally bound systems, disk-formed compact objects, and so on. For a given Einstein crossing time, the speed-mass degeneracy inherent in it means that fast (slow) lenses produce events at larger (smaller) masses than spanned by standard windows, opening qualitatively new regions of parameter space. After deriving model-independent upper limits on the microlensing event rate, we obtain mass-dependent constraints on the density of lens populations with speeds spanning $10^{-4}c-10^{-1}c$ from surveys of M31 by Subaru-HSC and the LMC by OGLE with different observing cadences. We do this for two benchmark velocity distributions -- Maxwell-Boltzmann and Dirac delta -- and two spatial distributions -- uniform and NFW, and exclude lens densities and masses that differ from dark matter constraints by orders of magnitude. We examine the effect of the transverse motion of the source and observer relative to the lensing tube, which becomes significant for our slow lenses. We also show that, unlike in dark matter searches, for our fast lenses an increase in the cadence of observations would probe smaller masses without suppression of event rates from the finite source and wave optics effects.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph1 citation
43. 43*

    Graphical Functions by Examples

    Mrigankamauli Chakraborty🇩🇪 · Marco Klann🇩🇪 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Pooja Mukherjee🇩🇪 · Tobias Porsche🇩🇪 · Oliver Schnetz🇩🇪 · Leonid A. Shumilov🇩🇪

    Graphical functions have emerged as a powerful framework for evaluating multi-loop Feynman integrals in perturbative quantum field theory. Defined as massless three-point position-space integrals, they reveal rich analytic structures and have enabled major advances, including the highest-loop results currently known in several quantum field theories. Their role extends to conformal field theory, and recent algorithmic developments now allow many graphical functions to be computed automatically. This review, based on graduate-level lectures held by O.S. in 2025/26 at the University of Hamburg, introduces the central ideas behind graphical functions, covering periods, Feynman residues, and the treatment of regular and singular cases in both integer and non-integer dimensions. It also discusses connections to momentum space and self-duality, and provides guidance for further study, offering a coherent entry point into a topic not addressed in standard textbooks.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP2 citations
44. 44*

    Exact emulation of few-body systems at low cost

    Sven Heihoff🇩🇪 · Arseniy A. Filin🇩🇪 · Evgeny Epelbaum🇩🇪

    Effective field theories have established themselves as key pillars of modern nuclear physics. They enable a quantitative understanding of the strong nuclear force, provided low-energy constants that parametrize short-distance physics can be determined from experimental data. This, however, often becomes prohibitively expensive due to a significant computational cost of solving the A-body problem. The computational challenge is particularly severe for three-body forces, which are at the frontier of nuclear and atomic physics and play an important role in the equation of state of neutron stars. Here we prove that for a parametric low-rank update of a Hamiltonian, the A-body problem at a fixed energy exactly reduces to a low-dimensional matrix equation regardless of the size of the Hilbert space. As a proof-of-principle, we present exact and computationally cheap snapshot-based emulators for few-body scattering and bound states. Unlike alternatives, our emulators can be used far away from the snapshot region without loss of precision and yield accurate results for parameter values not accessible using conventional solution techniques. Our approach is not restricted by the interaction type, number of particles, and methods for generating snapshots and can be applied to mitigate the computational burden of the A-body problem to a broad class of problems in nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph4 citations
45. 45*

    Geometric Constraints on the Pre-Recombination Expansion History from the Hubble Tension

    Davide Pedrotti🇮🇹

    I perform a model-independent reconstruction of the background pre-recombination expansion history of the Universe. I find that purely early-time resolutions to the Hubble tension, satisfying the geometric CMB constraints, exist at the background level. This class of solutions requires a smooth transition around matter-radiation equality, characterized by a $\simeq 15\%$ expansion rate enhancement prior to recombination. This result serves as a blueprint for future model-building approaches, providing a background stress-test for Hubble tension proposals.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph10 citations
46. 46*

    Kinematic Lensing Ratio: Reviving Weak Lensing Cosmography as a Geometric Dark Energy Probe

    Qinxun Li (University of Utah)

    We introduce the kinematic lensing ratio (KiLeR), a geometric dark-energy probe from weak lensing. Combining shear ratios with intrinsic galaxy shapes inferred from kinematics, KiLeR naturally mitigates most first-order lensing systematics, including redshift errors, intrinsic alignments, and baryonic effects. The forecast on Roman shows a 192% improvement in the state-of-the-art dark energy constraints from adding KiLeR, providing independent tests of the evolving dark energy hint in the DESI DR2 BAO+CMB+SN analysis. We quantify the science requirements on systematic and statistical error control and discuss the pathways towards KiLeR observation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.