Wed·Apr 1, 2026Wednesday·April 1, 2026

1. 01*

   Misalignment from kicks: the impact of particle interactions on ultra-light dark matter

   Clare Burrage🇬🇧 · Sergio Sevillano Muñoz🇬🇧

   Oscillating ultra-light scalar fields are a natural explanation for the dark matter in our universe, as long as a mechanism, often called a misalignment mechanism, exists to explain the amplitude of the scalar oscillations. If the dark matter scalar couples to the Standard Model, then the dynamics of ordinary matter can influence the behaviour of dark matter in the early universe. In this work we show how this changes the expected value of the scalar field and the resulting amplitude of late time scalar oscillations, and therefore the abundance of dark matter at late times. For dark matter scalars that interact quadratically with Standard Model fields we derive estimates of the size of this effect as a function of the strength of the coupling, and for axion-like fields we show that interactions with dark sector matter can temporarily destabilize the field, leading to large field displacements.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2026)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Dark photon and U(1)${}_{B-L}$ gauge boson from dark Higgs boson decays at FASER and SHiP

   Takeshi Araki🇯🇵 · Kento Asai🇯🇵 · Yohei Nakashima🇯🇵 · Osamu Seto🇯🇵 · Takashi Shimomura🇯🇵 · Yoshiki Uchida🇨🇳

   We study the sensitivity to dark photons and U(1)${}_{B-L}$ gauge bosons produced via dark Higgs boson decays at the FASER and SHiP experiments. In addition to pair production of these vector bosons from both on-shell and off-shell dark Higgs boson decays, a new production process of single vector boson associated with the standard model particles is taken into account. Constraints on the parameter space of dark photon are derived with including the latest results from the FASER experiment. The expected sensitivity regions to the dark photon and U(1)${}_{B-L}$ gauge boson of the future FASER2 and SHiP experiments are presented. The sensitivity to the U(1)${}_{B-L}$ model with freeze-in sterile neutrino dark matter is also discussed.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
3. 03*

   Autonomous Discovery of Particle Physics Theories from Experimental Data

   Stephon Alexander🇺🇸 · Benjamin Bradley🇺🇸 · Loukas Gouskos🇺🇸 · Cooper Niu🇺🇸

   The search for physics beyond the Standard Model is hindered by a combinatorial explosion of possible theories. We introduce \textsc{Albert}, a neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence framework to systematically navigate this vast theory space. By encoding particle physics as a formal language, \textsc{Albert} generates tokenized sequences representing symmetries, particles, and interactions under a rule-based grammar, eliminating the hallucinations common in large language models. The reinforcement learning environment enforces first-principle theoretical constraints, computes observables with radiative corrections, and evaluates statistical likelihood via ${\chi }^2$ analysis against experimental data. As a proof of concept, we train a 25-million-parameter transformer model using only legacy data from the Large Electron-Positron Collider, which contains no direct evidence of the top quark. Remarkably, \textsc{Albert} successfully rediscovered the Standard Model and autonomously inferred necessity and properties of the top quark, predicting its mass at $178.9\pm 5.0\text{GeV}$, consistent with its modern measurement at the Large Hadron Collider. These results demonstrate the potential of AI-driven theory exploration as a rigorous, hallucination-free, and scalable paradigm for autonomous discovery of new physics.

   hep-phhep-exhep-th3 citations
4. 04*

   Constraining The Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section with the Ultrahigh-Energy KM3NeT Event

   Toni Bertólez-Martínez🇪🇸 · Dan Hooper🇺🇸

   KM3NeT's detection of a muon track produced by a $\sim 220\mathrm{PeV}$ neutrino provides an opportunity to probe physics at center-of-momentum energies greater than those probed by the Large Hadron Collider or other existing particle accelerators. In this study, we use this single event to place an upper limit on the neutrino-nucleon cross section of ${\sigma }_{\nu N}<40{\sigma }_{\nu N}^{\mathrm{SM}}$ at $E_{\mathrm{CM}}\sim 20\mathrm{TeV}$. This result can be used to constrain a variety of scenarios beyond the Standard Model. With future very large volume neutrino telescopes, constraints on the neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section are expected to become substantially more stringent and, in some scenarios, could become competitive with accelerator probes of new physics.

   hep-phastro-ph.HE2 citations
5. 05*

   Fermion scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate

   César E. Echevarría · José F. Nieves🇺🇸 · Francisco Orbe · Sarira Sahu🇲🇽

   In a recent work, we considered the propagation of fermions in the background of a scalar Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate. Using some illustrative Yukawa-type coupling models between the fermions and the scalar fields, we determined the dispersion relations of the fermions and the scalar modes in various models. To complement that work, here we consider the corresponding fermion spinors and propagators, which are required for the calculation of rates of processes involving the fermions, as well as the thermal, and/or higher order, corrections to such rates. We obtain and present here concise formulas which are useful for those applications. As an application and for illustrative purposes we specifically calculate the rate for a generic fermion (which we denote by $\chi$) with the fermions in the BE background, using commonly used models for the fermion interactions. Due to the fact that the background fermion dispersion relations are helicity dependent, the kinematics have some unique and non-standard features. For example, at a particular value of the momentum one of the fermion modes has zero group velocity, which leads to a singularity in the scattering rate of the type of the Van Hove singularity in the density of states of some condensed matter systems. The results of the framework presented here, besides their merit in their own right, can be useful in specific contexts and applications, such as cosmic-ray electron cooling through dark matter-electron scattering, and similar ones involving neutrino and/or electron propagation in a scalar Dark Matter background.

   hep-phastro-ph.HE0 citations
6. 06*

   Baryogenesis from Exploding Primordial Black Holes

   Alexandra P. Klipfel🇺🇸 · Miguel Vanvlasselaer🇧🇪 · Sokratis Trifinopoulos🇨🇭 · David I. Kaiser🇺🇸

   Exploding primordial black holes can source baryon asymmetry soon after the electroweak phase transition, as high-energy Hawking radiation drives ultrarelativistic shocks in the surrounding plasma. The shocks and their trailing rarefaction waves delineate two bubble-like walls around a shell of superheated fluid, in which electroweak symmetry is restored. These moving interfaces source chiral charge, which is converted to baryon number. Upon adding a simple CP-violating operator at the TeV scale, this mechanism yields the observed baryon asymmetry with minimal dependence on PBH model parameters.

   hep-phastro-ph.CO7 citations
7. 07*

   Probing Heavy Neutral Higgs Bosons via Single Vector-Like Bottom Quark Production at the HL-LHC

   Rachid Benbrik🇲🇦 · Mbark Berrouj🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi🇵🇱 · Mohamed Ech-chaouy🇲🇦 · Kholoud Kahime🇲🇦 · Khawla Salime🇲🇦

   We investigate the discovery prospects of a singly produced vector-like bottom quark in the Type-II Two-Higgs-Doublet Model extended by an $SU(2{)}_L$ vector-like $(T,B)$ doublet. We focus on the non-standard decay chain $B\to \varphi b$, followed by $\varphi \to t\bar{t}$, where $\varphi =H$ or $A$, leading to a final state with one charged lepton, missing transverse energy, and multiple $b$-jets. We perform a full simulation of both signal and Standard Model backgrounds at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV. We show that the exotic channels $B\to \varphi b$ can dominate over the conventional decay modes, reaching branching ratios of order $50\%$ for both neutral scalars in the alignment limit. A conventional cut-based analysis provides a $5\sigma$ discovery significance only at sufficiently high integrated luminosity. By contrast, an XGBoost-based multivariate analysis substantially improves the signal-background discrimination and extends the discovery reach up to $m_B\simeq 1.3$ TeV with $600{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ and up to $m_B\simeq 1.6$ TeV with $3{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$, even in the presence of systematic uncertainties as large as $15\%$.

   hep-phPLB(2026)·2 citations
8. 08*

   The effects of a scalar singlet Leptoquark at the $Z$ factory

   Dazhuang He🇨🇳 · Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Hao Sun🇨🇳

   We evaluate the observability of the effects of a scalar singlet leptoquark (LQ) in $\mu$ and $\tau$-pair productions at the $Z$ factory. In the scenario addressing the charged-current anomalies, the LQ contributions to $\mu$-pair final state are negligible. In contrast, a sizable contribution arises in the $\tau$-pair production, which is identical in both $Z$ decay and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider at $Z$ pole. These effects are mainly sensitive to left-handed interaction, showing a maximum deviation of about $-0.7\%$ for both 1\,TeV and 2\,TeV LQ. The suppression of new physics effects from the heavy LQ can be compensated by the enlarged couplings parameter space. For the $\tau$-pair production channel, we further specify the coupling constraints corresponding to the expected measurement precision at the future $Z$ factory. Moreover, we provide an analytic function in terms of the LQ mass and couplings to quantify the LQ effects. The differential distributions in the collision process indicate that the LQ effects remain stable throughout the kinematic region. Meanwhile, the measurement sensitivity of the $\tau$-pair final state at the future $Z$ factory is expected to impose further constraints on the LQ theory.

   hep-phJHEP(2026)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Role of electromagnetic corrections in the $\pi \pi$ distributions of ${\psi }^{\prime }\to J/\psi \pi \pi$

   Zhao-Sai Jia🇨🇳 · Gang Li🇨🇳 · Zhen-Hua Zhang🇨🇳

   The cusp structure at the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ threshold in the ${\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ invariant mass spectrum serves as a sensitive probe for extracting the $S$-wave $\pi \pi$ scattering lengths in processes where an $S$-wave ${\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ pair is produced in the final states. Within the framework of nonrelativistic effective field theory with coupled channels ${\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ and ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, we revisit the near-threshold structures in the ${\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ spectrum of ${\psi }^{\prime }\to J/\psi \pi \pi$. Our analysis incorporates the $\pi \pi$ final-state rescattering, including both strong and Coulomb interactions. It turns out that the cusp near the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ threshold becomes more prominent when Coulomb interactions are included. The electromagnetic correctionsare found to alter the magnitude of the threshold cusp by about 2%-3%, underscoring the necessity of including these effects in precision determinations of the $\pi \pi$ scattering lengths. The coupled-channel amplitude constructed in this work provides a ready-to-use theoretical framework for experimental analyses of fine structures near $\pi \pi$ thresholds.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Determining the NJL Coupling and AMM in Magnetized QCD Matter via Machine Learning

    Zigeng Ding🇨🇳 · Fan Lin🇺🇸 · Xinyang Wang🇺🇸

    In this study, we investigate the phase structure of magnetized QCD matter by determining the field-dependent parameters of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model through a physics-informed machine learning framework. Specifically, we focus on extracting the optimal functional forms for the running coupling constant $G(eB)$ and the quark anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) ratio $v_2(eB)$, utilizing lattice QCD-computed quark condensate data as the ``ground truth". By embedding the NJL gap equation as a differentiable physics-constrained module, our neural network pipeline identifies continuous parameter functions that accurately reproduce the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) effect. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field smoothly suppresses both $G$ and $v_2$. This approach not only bridges the gap between effective models and lattice data but also provides new microscopic insights into the response of the QCD vacuum to strong magnetic fields.

    hep-phnucl-th1 citation
11. 11*

    Entanglement in the $\theta$-vacuum

    Sebastian Grieninger🇺🇸 · Dmitri E. Kharzeev🇺🇸 · Eliana Marroquin🇺🇸

    We compute the entanglement entropy and the entanglement spectrum of the vacuum state in the massive Schwinger model at a finite $\theta$ angle. The $\theta$ term is implemented through a chirally rotated lattice Hamiltonian that preserves the periodicity in $\theta$ already at the operator level and maintains the correct massless limit without $\theta$-dependent lattice artifacts. We clarify the physical origin of entanglement entropy enhancement at $\theta =\pi$ by relating it to the competition between distinct electric-flux vacuum branches. We show that the peak near $\theta =\pi$ persists across the range of masses studied and corresponds to the point of maximal competition between distinct vacuum branches with opposite electric-field orientation, where quantum fluctuations due to fermion pair creation are maximized. While this entropy enhancement is generic, a pronounced narrowing of the entanglement gap occurs only near the critical mass ratio $m/g\simeq 0.33$. Using the Bisognano--Wichmann (BW) theorem, we construct a lattice BW entanglement Hamiltonian and compare it with the exact modular Hamiltonian obtained from the reduced density matrix. We observe agreement between these Hamiltonians in the infrared sector, indicating that the entanglement Hamiltonian is well approximated by a spatially weighted microscopic Hamiltonian. These results establish entanglement observables as sensitive probes of the $\theta$-dependent vacuum structure and highlight the chirally rotated formulation as a natural framework for open boundary conditions. Additionally, we discuss possible applications to entanglement in topological insulators and quantum wires.

    hep-phcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-th+12 citations
12. 12*

    Baryonic vortices in rotating nuclear matter

    Kazuya Mameda🇯🇵 · Muneto Nitta🇯🇵 · Zebin Qiu🇯🇵

    We investigate baryonic vortices as topological excitations in rotating nuclear matter within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. We identify two distinct configurations: local and global vortices, both carrying the baryon number as the topological charge associated with the third homotopy group ${\pi }_3(S^3)$. For the local vortex, similar to the vortex Skyrmion in a finite isospin chemical potential, charged pions form the condensate on the boundary and have a phase winding, while the neutral pion varies along the rotation axis inside the vortex core. On the other hand, a global vortex is formed by the condensate and phase winding of the neutral pion, while the charged pions vary on the inside along the rotation axis. Crucially, although global vortices are usually discarded in infinite systems due to logarithmic divergence in energy, we demonstrate that the finite-size constraint dictated by causality in a rotating frame regularizes the divergence physically, rendering the global vortex a viable excitation. We reveal an energetic competition between global and local vortex states, under the tunable parameters of rotation, system size, and baryon chemical potential. Our results suggest that the previously overlooked global vortex can play a significant role in the topological structure of rotating dense QCD matter.

    hep-phnucl-th3 citations
13. 13*

    Search for Light Scalars in the TRSM at the LHC

    Aman Desai🇦🇺 · Kristin Lohwasser🇬🇧 · Mohamed Ouchemhou🇭🇷 · Tania Robens🇭🇷 · Prasenjit Sanyal🇰🇷

    We study the production of Beyond the Standard Model light scalar states in association with a vector boson ($V{h}_2$, with $V=W^{\pm },Z$) at the LHC. We consider the scenario where the Standard Model scalar sector is extended by two real scalar singlets, where these additional scalars have mass $M_i\le M_{h_{125}}$. In this work, the scalar boson $h_2$ decays via $h_2\to h_1{h}_1\to 4b$, while the associated vector boson decays either into a pair of oppositely charged leptons or into a single charged lepton and a neutrino. We analyze the signal using LHC detector parameterizations and evaluate its statistical significance at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6~TeV for integrated luminosities of 300~fb${}^{-1}$ and 3000~fb${}^{-1}$ corresponding to the LHC Run 3 and High Luminosity LHC, respectively. Our preliminary results indicate promising discovery prospects for this channel serving as a complementary probe of extended scalar sectors.\\ RBI-ThPhys-2026-04, COMETA-2026-04

    hep-phPoS(2026)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Flavor-deconstructed neutrinos

    Avelino Vicente🇪🇸

    A tentative approach to explain the flavor puzzle consists of embedding the Standard Model in a larger gauge symmetry that contains a separate gauge group for each fermion family. In such gauge non-universal (or flavor-deconstructed) theories, neutrinos pose some challenges. I will discuss existing ideas in the literature and present a simple model in which flavor deconstruction naturally leads to sequential dominance for both neutrinos and charged leptons, thus providing a viable explanation for the flavor structure of the lepton sector.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Top-Yukawa contributions to $pp\to b\bar{b}H$: two-loop leading-colour amplitudes

    Heribertus Bayu Hartanto🇰🇷 · Rene Poncelet🇵🇱

    We derive two-loop scattering amplitudes for bottom-quark pair production in association with a Higgs boson at the LHC, focusing on terms proportional to the top-quark Yukawa coupling. We treat the bottom quark as a massless parton and employ both the leading-colour and heavy-top-quark approximations. The finite remainder of the two-loop amplitude is expressed in terms of one-mass pentagon functions, and the corresponding rational coefficients are reconstructed analytically from evaluations over finite fields. The scattering processes considered in this work also constitute a subset of Higgs+2-jet production at the LHC in the heavy-top-quark approximation.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2026)·3 citations
16. 16*

    Two-Dimensional Transverse-Momentum Subtraction and Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at N${}^3$LO in QCD

    Liang Dong🇨🇳 · Shen Fang🇨🇳 · Jun Gao🇨🇳 · Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳 · Yu Jiao Zhu🇩🇪

    Identified hadron production is essential for the study of nucleon structure and QCD hadronization at high energies. We present the first calculation of unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N${}^3$LO) in perturbative QCD. Our calculation is based on a novel method of two-dimensional transverse-momentum subtraction motivated by QCD factorization of soft and collinear singularities. The N${}^3$LO corrections are moderate in general but can be significant in threshold regions, and exhibit excellent perturbative convergence and reduced scale variations. The fully differential framework allows for arbitrary selection cuts and directly enables precision nucleon tomography at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider, establishing the theory foundation needed to match the anticipated experimental accuracy. Generalization of the method to calculations of polarized SIDIS is also feasible.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
17. 17*

    Sensitivity of Two-Body Non-Leptonic Branching Fractions to Theoretical Mass Variations in Heavy-Light Mesons

    Manakkumar Parmar🇮🇳 · Ajay Kumar Rai🇮🇳

    This study investigates the sensitivity of two-body non-leptonic branching fractions to theoretical mass variations in heavy-light mesons ($D$, $D_s$, $B$, and $B_s$). Utilizing the factorization framework, we compare predictions derived from phenomenological masses evaluated with Gaussian and hydrogenic wavefunctions. For bottom meson decays, naive factorization with the number of color $N=3$ aligns well with experimental data, and the $N\to \infty$ limit offers no improvement. Furthermore, the theoretical mass variation between wavefunction models induces a pronounced, non-linear sensitivity in the branching fractions, establishing the accurate Gaussian mass as a crucial baseline. Conversely, in the charm sector, naive factorization is inherently limited by final-state interactions due to insufficient relativistic recoil. While the $N\to \infty$ limit partially compensates for this, the systematically lower hydrogenic mass yields more accurate rates for several color-suppressed channels. This mass underestimation acts as a necessary kinematic regulator, cleanly offsetting the inflated amplitudes inherent to charm factorization. Ultimately, combining reliable Gaussian mass predictions with factorization provides a simple formalism extendable to the decay properties of unobserved exotics, such as excited $B_c$ mesons and $T_{bb}$ tetraquarks.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Revisiting QCD-induced little inflation with chiral density wave state and its implications on pulsar timing array gravitational-wave signals

    Tae Hyun Jung🇰🇷 · Seyong Kim🇰🇷 · Jong-Wan Lee🇰🇷 · Chang Sub Shin🇰🇷 · Hee Beom Yang🇰🇷

    We revisit QCD-induced little inflation in which the Universe begins with a large baryon chemical potential and undergoes a strong first-order QCD phase transition, generating an observable stochastic gravitational-wave background in the nano-Hz range relevant for pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We point out that the conventional homogeneous transition from the quark-gluon plasma phase to the hadronic gas phase faces an unavoidable difficulty in achieving the required strength of supercooling for the observed baryon density. This motivates us to explore whether a qualitatively different phase structure at a large baryon chemical potential can alter the relation between the baryon density and the chemical potential, and thereby modify the supercooling history of the transition. Using the nucleon-meson model with isoscalar vector mesons, we determine the critical and spinodal structure of the chiral density wave (CDW) phase in the $({\mu }_B,T)$ plane. We find that the CDW phase exhibits a nontrivial structure and can remain metastable down to a low baryon density in a certain region of the parameter space. Taking into account the subsequent liquid-gas transition and phase separation, however, the released latent heat is too small to realize a viable QCD-induced little inflation scenario and its associated PTA-scale gravitational-wave signal. Our analysis sharpens the conditions under which QCD phase transitions may act as cosmological sources of nano-Hz gravitational waves, while clarifying the possible cosmological relevance of inhomogeneous QCD phases.

    hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-thPRD(2026)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Conventional and Unitarity-Conserving Peccei-Quinn Inflation Models and ACT

    J.McDonald🇬🇧

    We compare conventional non-minimally coupled Peccei-Quinn (PQ) inflation with a version of the model in which unitarity conservation is imposed by additional Jordan frame interactions. Assuming instantaneous reheating, the unitarity-conserving model is within 1$\sigma$ agreement with the central value of the scalar spectral index reported by the ACT collaboration, whereas conventional PQ inflation is more than 2$\sigma$ below the ACT central value. In the case where dark matter is composed of axions and PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, the axion isocurvature constraint of the unitarity-conserving model typically allows a much larger axion decay constant $f_a$ than the conventional model, with the conventional model upper bound being comparable only if the PQ scalar self-coupling is extremely small, $\lambda \lesssim 10^{-10}$. For $\lambda =0.1$, the axion isocurvature upper bounds are $f_a\lesssim 1.1\times 10^9$ GeV for conventional PQ inflation and $f_a\lesssim 6.4\times 10^{13}$ GeV for unitarity-conserving PQ inflation, with the latter bound being independent of $\lambda$. We also find a new isocurvature upper bound for conventional PQ inflation which is 650 times smaller than the existing bound. A modest reduction of the reheating temperature of the unitarity-conserving model from its maximum possible value will ensure that the PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, allowing values of $f_a$ up to $6.4\times 10^{13}$ GeV. Thus only the unitarity-conserving PQ inflation model allows $f_a$ to access values greater than the symmetry restoration cosmological upper bound $\sim 10^{12}$ GeV with naturally large values of the PQ scalar self-coupling.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO2 citations
20. 20*

    Perturbative QCD fitting of KEDR and BESIII $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ data for R(s) and ${\alpha }_s$ determination

    A.L.Kataev🇷🇺 · K.Yu.Todyshev

    The experimental data collected by KEDR and BESIII collaborations at the energies below charm quark thresholds are compared with the massless QCD expressions for the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation R-ratio truncated at different orders of perturbation theory. The fits demonstrate the dependence of the extracted ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)$ values on the orders of truncation of the corresponding approximations. The next-to-leading order, next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order fits of the combined KEDR data and BESIII data , truncated at the scale of mass of $J/\Psi$ meson, give the following results ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)=0.1151_{-0.0069}^{+0.0052}$, ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)=0.1190_{-0.0081}^{+0.0064}$and ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)=0.1283_{-0.0075}^{+0.0028}$. The increasing tendency of fitted ${\alpha }_s(M_Z)$ value is associated with the effects of not totally controlled within asymptotic perturbation theory expansions kinematical ${\pi }^2$ contributions to R-ratio coefficients due to analytical continuation from the space-like to time-like energy regions. The applications of the fixed orders of perturbation theory expansions and careful treatment of the analytical continuation effects are commented.

    hep-phhep-exNatural Sci.Rev.(2026)·2 citations
21. 21*

    Constraining the Neutrino Mixing Matrix via Single-Sector Charged-Lepton Rotations in the JUNO Precision Era

    Alessio Giarnetti🇮🇹 · Simone Marciano🇮🇹 · Davide Meloni🇮🇹

    The unprecedented precision now being achieved in the measurement of the Pontecorvo--Maki--Nakagawa--Sakata (PMNS) lepton mixing matrix opens a new window onto the underlying structure of the neutrino mass matrix and the possibly associated flavor symmetries. In this work, we investigate the constraints imposed on the unitary matrix $U_{\nu }$ that diagonalises the neutrino mass matrix, under the hypothesis that the charged-lepton mixing matrix $U_l$ consists of a single two-by-two rotation in one of the three sectors: (1,2), (1,3), or (2,3). For this analysis, we considered the latest global fit which incorporates the precision measurement of ${\theta }_{12}$ from the JUNO experiment. For each scenario, we also derive analytical expressions for the entries of $U_{\nu }$ in terms of the measured PMNS parameters to obtain compact sum-rule-like formulae.

    hep-phhep-thSymmetry(2026)·1 citation
22. 22*

    A New Way to Detect Axions from $\mathrm{A}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}\mathrm{Ns}$ Captured in the Earth

    Ionel Lazanu🇷🇴 · Konstantin Zioutas🇬🇷

    Macroscopic dark matter with dominating strong interactions, supposed to be composites, represents an alternative to the most popular WIMP particles. Predicted in various models as strangelets, nuclearites, nuggets, having different internal structures and properties, but not yet observed experimentally, these forms of dark matter are associated with the existence of a large number of still unexplained observations. Nuggets, initially predicted by Witten, were reconsidered from the point of view of their internal structure and further theorized in 2003 by Zhitnitsky as axion quark nuggets and axion antiquark nuggets, as being made of quarks in a superconducting colour state, in the core, an electrosphere of electrons or positrons and a domain wall that maintain the stability of the macros with an incredible density, mass in the gram range and radius on the order of micrometers. If the existence of $\mathrm{AQNs}$ and $\mathrm{A}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}\mathrm{Ns}$ is demonstrated, two major open problems in physics could be addressed simultaneously: they would constitute viable dark matter candidates and, at the same time, provide a natural mechanism for restoring matter-antimatter symmetry in the Universe. The experimental evidence of the $\mathrm{AQNs}$ and $\mathrm{A}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}\mathrm{Ns}$ is a challenge for current and future experiments. The present study demonstrates that if these macroscopic systems exist, axions produced by $\mathrm{A}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}\mathrm{N}$s could be detected by the next generation of neutrino physics experiments using liquid noble gases, due to their huge active volumes.

    hep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Bargmann Invariants and Correlated Geometric CP-Violating Structures in Neutral Meson Systems

    Swarup Sangiri🇮🇳

    Bargmann invariants provide a rephasing-invariant description of phase relations among quantum states and offer a geometric perspective on interference phenomena. In this work, we investigate their role in neutral meson systems by constructing cyclic products involving the heavy and light mass eigenstates together with decay-projected states arising from correlated meson decays. Explicit expressions for third-order and fourth-order invariants are obtained in terms of mixing parameters and decay amplitudes. The analysis shows that the associated geometric phases encode CP-sensitive interference effects between meson-antimeson mixing and decay amplitudes and become trivial in the CP-conserving limit. Expressing the decay amplitudes in terms of CKM matrix elements reveals quartic combinations with analogous rephasing-invariant weak-phase structure to that of the Jarlskog invariant. We further introduce a rephasing-invariant ratio constructed from third- and fourth-order Bargmann invariants, which isolates correlated CP-violating structures that cannot, in general, be factorized into independent decay-channel contributions and can enhance sensitivity to small deviations from CP symmetry. The invariants can also be related to parameters governing time-dependent CP asymmetries in neutral meson decays, thereby providing a geometric interpretation of observable CP-violating interference effects.

    hep-phEPJC(2026)·3 citations
24. 24*

    From Sub-eikonal DIS to Quark Distributions and their High-Energy Evolution

    Giovanni Antonio Chirilli🇵🇱

    Relating the high-energy dipole description of deep-inelastic scattering to the standard light-ray operator formulation at finite Bjorken $x_B$ is essential for connecting the small-$x$ framework to the usual partonic description. I demonstrate that this connection already emerges at the first sub-eikonal order. At the differential level, the first sub-eikonal correction is governed by a quark TMD-like light-ray operator. In the inclusive limit, after complete phase-space integration, it reconstructs the standard nonlocal quark and helicity distributions at nonzero $x_B$. I then show independently that the same inclusive operator content follows from the high-energy limit of the leading-twist non-local operator product expansion, thereby establishing an explicit operator-level bridge between the shock-wave formalism and the non-local light-cone expansion. I further discuss the high-energy evolution of the corresponding operators at $x_B=0$. Rewriting the evolution equations in terms of dipole-type operator combinations, I identify an operator basis whose bilocal building blocks vanish in the zero-dipole-size limit, making the small-dipole behavior and the leading-logarithmic structure manifest. In the double-logarithmic approximation the evolution equations admit the usual mixed longitudinal-transverse Bessel-type solution when the transverse phase space is treated independently. When the transverse phase space is instead constrained by longitudinal ordering, the second logarithm is converted into a logarithm of energy, and in the symmetric double-logarithmic regime one recovers the fixed-coupling Kirschner-Lipatov exponent with the full finite-$N_c$ color factor $C_F$.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-th5 citations
25. 25*

    NNLO QCD corrections to unpolarized and polarized electroweak structure functions in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering

    Saurav Goyal🇮🇳 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Vaibhav Pathak🇮🇳 · V. Ravindran🇮🇳

    We present results for unpolarized and polarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering mediated by electroweak gauge bosons at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The results include all relevant structure functions arising from both neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) interactions, incorporating contributions from all partonic channels with full flavor dependence. These corrections are crucial for improving the theoretical precision. A detailed numerical analysis of the NNLO corrections demonstrates their phenomenological importance, revealing sizable effects and a significant reduction in residual scale dependence in the kinematic range probed by the future Electron-Ion-Collider. These results will serve as a critical input for future global extractions of parton distributions functions and fragmentation functions.

    hep-ph2 citations
26. 26*

    Role of the equivalence principle in gauge and axial symmetries of Yukawa coupling, and the strong CP problem

    Konstantin V. Grigorishin🇺🇦

    It is demonstrated the fundamental role of the equivalence principle in gravity for the Yukawa coupling between scalar and fermion fields. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism for formation of topological defects as vortexes and monopoles breaks down in system with a global gauge symmetry only. At the same time, the different vacuums can occur, which are separated be domain walls. The equivalence principle makes the strong violation of CP invariance impossible. Thus the axion hypothesis becomes redundant.

    hep-phcond-mat.supr-con0 citations
27. 27*

    Sterile Neutrinos as a Dynamical Cosmological Fluid: Implications for the Expansion History and Matter-Radiation Equality

    Poulastya Kar🇮🇳 · Bipin Singh Koranga🇮🇳

    Sterile neutrinos arise naturally in extensions of the Standard Model and can affect cosmological evolution even with subdominant abundance. Their impact is often described by a constant shift in the effective number of relativistic species, Delta Neff, assuming a radiation-like equation of state. However, for finite mass sterile neutrinos with incomplete thermalization, the equation of state evolves with time. In this work, we develop an analytic framework treating sterile neutrinos as a dynamical cosmological fluid with a time-dependent equation of state. Starting from the Boltzmann equation in an expanding Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background, we show that suppressed active-sterile oscillations lead to a reduced Fermi-Dirac distribution characterized by a thermalization parameter less than unity. We compute the resulting energy density and pressure and incorporate them into the Friedmann equations. We identify distinct regimes, including a relativistic phase, a transition phase, and a matter-like behavior. For GeV scale sterile neutrinos, their contribution at matter-radiation equality is effectively matter-like, shifting the equality epoch in proportion to their energy fraction. Observational constraints indicate that this fraction remains small. This framework connects microscopic production physics to cosmological expansion and goes beyond the standard Delta Neff description.

    hep-ph0 citations
28. 28*

    Improving parton shower predictions via precision moments of energy flow polynomials

    Benoît Assi🇺🇸 · Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸

    We study conceptual and practical aspects of using maximum-entropy reweighting to upgrade parton-shower event samples with higher-accuracy theoretical constraints. Our approach produces strictly positive per-event weights that improve parton-shower predictions while preserving full event-level exclusivity, allowing any observable to be computed without rebinning or regeneration. On the conceptual side, we explain how theoretical principles can help determine which constraints to use and which kinds of priors lead to efficient reweighting. On the practical side, we perform a proof-of-concept study with hemisphere observables in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to$ hadrons, and show that even when the parton-shower prior is degraded by removing the non-singular parts of the QCD splitting functions, a small set of precision calculations can restore the correct behavior. We use energy flow polynomials (EFPs) as a systematic basis for infrared- and collinear-safe constraints, and study how information transfers from constrained to unconstrained observables. We find rapid information saturation, where a compact set of EFP moments achieves broad improvements across observable space, including for standard hemisphere observables never used in training. By construction, the imposed moments of the posterior are formally as accurate as the precision inputs, while the improvement of any other observable is an empirical statement about information transfer that we quantify numerically. Physics-motivated basis reductions from collinear power counting achieve comparable performance to complete bases, and mixed moments combining polynomial and logarithmic terms outperform pure alternatives. These results suggest a systematic approach to improving parton-shower event generators, where theoretical constraints of the highest accuracy translate into full phase-space predictions of experimental relevance.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th1 citation
29. 29*

    Laser-assisted production of the light charged Higgs boson from top quark decay in the type-I two Higgs doublet model

    M. Jakha🇲🇦 · S. Mouslih🇲🇦 · M. Ouhammou🇲🇦 · R. Chahri🇲🇦 · S. El Asri🇲🇦 · S. Taj🇲🇦 · B. Manaut🇲🇦

    We investigate the impact of a circularly polarized laser field on the top quark decay process into a charged Higgs boson ($t\to b{H}^{+}$) within the type-I two Higgs doublet model. Our study aims to explore how an external electromagnetic field can modify key observables and potentially facilitate the experimental detection of the charged Higgs boson, addressing challenges related to missing energy in collider experiments such as the LHC. Employing the Dirac-Volkov formalism, we model the interaction between charged particles and the laser field and demonstrate that the presence of the laser can notably influence the decay branching ratios under suitable conditions. The analysis reveals that both the intensity and frequency of the laser field play a crucial role in determining the decay width. In particular, for a laser field strength of $3.8\times 10^{14}$ V/cm and a photon energy of $0.117$ eV, the branching ratio of the top quark decaying into a charged Higgs boson with mass in the range $80$-$150$ GeV and a bottom quark reaches $0.97$, surpassing the standard $t\to b{W}^{+}$ channel. These results suggest that strong electromagnetic fields can serve as an effective mechanism to enhance signals of new particles, offering promising avenues for experimental searches beyond the Standard Model.

    hep-phhep-thCommun.Theor.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
30. 30*

    Anomaly-mediated Scalar Gravitational Interactions and the Coupling of Conformal Sectors

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Leonardo Torcellini🇮🇹

    We investigate the anomaly-induced activation of a gauge-invariant scalar degree of freedom in General Relativity, the conformalon mode, directly at the level of \(2\to2\) scattering amplitudes. The analysis couples anomalous three-point functions of conformal sectors, involving gravitons \((TTT)\) and Abelian gauge currents \((TJJ)\), through single-graviton exchange derived from the quadratic expansion of the Einstein--Hilbert action. Unlike related treatments based on the nonlocal anomaly action, these interactions are suppressed by the Planck scale. We show that the conformalon, invariant under linearized diffeomorphisms, admits an interpretation as an effective scalar correction to scattering amplitudes, both in virtual exchange channels and in effective real-emission processes. Around flat space, this behaviour arises from anomaly-induced nonlocal massless insertions on the external graviton and photon legs of the three-point functions, sewn through the scalar component of the graviton propagator in de Donder gauge. The resulting anomaly-mediated \(4\)-point interaction reduces to contact terms, with the Planck mass setting the suppression scale. The construction consistently matches the spin decomposition of flat-space conformal Ward identities in momentum space, which determine the vertices, with the corresponding spin decomposition of the graviton propagator. In the eikonal limit, these interactions generate contact corrections to the leading logarithmic phase in impact-parameter space. We further show that anomaly-mediated \(2\to2\) graviton amplitudes associated with the virtual exchange of such modes exhibit a characteristic double-copy structure.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
31. 31*

    Towards a formalism for $\pi \pi$ scattering from staggered lattice QCD

    A. Dean. M. Valois🇪🇸 · M. Dai🇺🇸 · A. El-Khadra🇺🇸 · E. Gámiz🇪🇸 · S. Lahert🇺🇸 · R. Merino🇪🇸

    Scattering processes featuring the strong interactions can be studied using lattice QCD by means of the Lüscher formalism. This approach relies on analyticity and unitarity of the $S$-matrix to relate infinite-volume scattering amplitudes to finite-volume energy levels. However, lattice QCD simulations employing rooted staggered fermions manifest unitarity violation as an $\mathcal{O}(a^2)$ lattice artifact. Moreover, the meson sector of this theory contains multiple non-mass-degenerate pions (due to the so-called taste splitting), which only reduce to the physical pion in the continuum limit. These features restrict the applicability of the Lüscher formalism to staggered lattice data at non-zero lattice spacing. Hence, in this work, we discuss two complementary approaches to deal with the challenges of extracting $\pi \pi$ scattering amplitudes from lattice QCD with staggered quarks: (1) using the corresponding effective theory, Rooted Staggered Chiral Perturbation Theory, to calculate one-loop amplitudes for the first time. These amplitudes can be used to explicitly check the validity of the quantization condition. And (2) generalizing the formalism to incorporate taste-splitting as well as fourth-rooting effects. We focus on the simpler case of $\pi \pi$ scattering in the isospin-2 channel, and discuss prospects for other channels.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2026)·2 citations
32. 32*

    The axion-photon coupling from lattice Quantum Chromodynamics

    Bastian B. Brandt🇩🇪 · Gergely Endrődi🇭🇺 · José Javier Hernández Hernández🇩🇪 · Gergely Markó🇩🇪 · Laurin Pannullo🇩🇪

    Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics, which explains more than 99% of the mass of the visible Universe. However, there is evidence that a substantial portion of our Universe is made up of particles beyond the Standard Model, i.e. dark matter. A popular dark matter candidate is the axion -- a hypothetical particle that also solves the so-called strong CP-problem, the unexpected symmetry of QCD under time reversal. The experimental detection of axions hinges on their conversion rate to photons, controlled by the axion-photon coupling. This coupling depends on the specific axion model, but also receives a sizable model-independent contribution from QCD. Here we present the first non-perturbative determination of the QCD contribution using continuum extrapolated lattice simulations. The calculation is based on determining the response of the QCD vacuum to time reversal-odd combinations of background electromagnetic fields. We develop two independent methods exploiting different features of this response and obtain $g_{A\gamma \gamma }^{\mathrm{QCD}}{f}_A/e^2=-0.0224(10)$ in units of the axion scale $f_A$ and the elementary charge $e$. Armed with this first-principles result, we present a novel update on how experimental observations can be used to constrain the landscape of axion models, useful for guiding contemporary and future observational strategies.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-th4 citations
33. 33*

    Spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking in infrared QCD

    Angelo Raffaele Fazio🇨🇴 · Adam Smetana🇨🇿

    We present a novel proposal for the effective Lagrangian of the low-energy Yang--Mills quantum field theory. The proposed effective Lagrangian exhibits the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. We built the Fujikawa model that we couple to the Yang--Mills elementary field sector, motivated by the analogy with Chiral Quark Model. We interpret the Fujikawa fields as effective fields composite of the elementary gluon and ghost fields. In order to justify the existence of two massless Nambu--Goldstone modes among the Fujikawa fields, we require not only the BRST but also the anti-BRST invariance of the effective Lagrangian, both to be spontaneously broken. The most striking consequence of that is the emergence of the effective gluon and ghost masses. We reproduce the Curci--Ferrari model as a special case of our effective model upon the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. In order to reproduce also the non-nilpotent modified BRST symmetry, characteristic for the Curci--Ferrari model, we modify our effective Lagrangian to be invariant with respect to the extended-BRST symmetry, which mixes the elementary and Fujikawa field sectors, and which is nilpotent. The Curci--Ferrari is reproduced by the elementary field sector of the resulting Lagrangian. The remaining Fujikawa's field dependent terms guarantee the underlying nilpotent extended-BRST symmetry, which is now hidden in the sense of the spontaneous symmetry breaking.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phUniverse(2026)·0 citations
34. 34*

    Imprint of the adjoint meson spectrum in the decay patterns of hidden-bottom tetraquarks

    Sipaz Sharma🇩🇪 · Juan Andrés Urrea-Niño🇮🇪 · Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Francesco Knechtli🇩🇪 · Michael Peardon🇮🇪

    We aim to clarify the experimentally observed near-degeneracy and decay patterns of the isospin, $I=1$, hidden-bottom tetraquarks $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ with quantum numbers $J^P=1^{+}$.We refer to them as $Z_b$ and $Z_b^{{}^{\prime }}$, respectively. In particular, we find first evidence that the suppression of the decay of $Z_b^{{}^{\prime }}$ to $B\overline{B^{\ast }}$ can be understood in the context of the Born-Oppenheimer Effective Field Theory (BOEFT). BOEFT enables writing both $Z_b$ and $Z_b^{{}^{\prime }}$ as superpositions of $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ tetraquark configurations. This decomposition naturally relates the decay patterns of $Z_b$ and $Z_b^{{}^{\prime }}$ to the degeneracy of the light degrees of freedom associated with $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ tetraquarks, {\it i.e.,} $1^{--}$and $0^{-+}$ adjoint mesons, respectively. By calculating the adjoint meson correlators within the framework of lattice QCD, we get good indications that these adjoint mesons are degenerate.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPoS(2026)·1 citation
35. 35*

    Thermal static Potential at Finite Density in (2+1)-flavor QCD

    Jishnu Goswami🇩🇪 · Dibyendu Bala🇩🇪 · Olaf Kaczmarek🇩🇪

    We study the thermal static potential for (2+1)-flavor QCD at nonzero density through a Taylor expansion around vanishing chemical potentials. From Taylor expanded Wilson line correlators, we extract the ${\hat{\mu }}^2$ coefficient of the real and imaginary part of the potential in light and strange flavor channels and in the baryon number and electric charge channels. We observe an enhancement of in-medium screening at intermediate and large separations. The effect is visible in both the real and imaginary parts to the extracted ${\hat{\mu }}^2$ contribution of the static potentials and provides a first step toward constraining in-medium heavy-quark interactions relevant for the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC and future FAIR experiments.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2026)·2 citations
36. 36*

    The hadronic contribution to the running of the electroweak gauge couplings

    Alessandro Conigli🇩🇪 · Dalibor Djukanovic🇩🇪 · Georg von Hippel🇩🇪 · Simon Kuberski🇨🇭 · Harvey B. Meyer🇩🇪 · Kohtaroh Miura🇯🇵 · Konstantin Ottnad🇩🇪 · Andreas Risch🇩🇪 · Hartmut Wittig🇩🇪

    We present an updated determination of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the running of the electromagnetic coupling $\Delta {\alpha }_{\mathrm{had}}^{(5)}(-Q^2)$, and of the electroweak mixing angle in the space-like momentum range up to $12{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$. Using $N_f=2+1$ CLS ensembles at five values of the lattice spacing and several pion masses, including the physical point, we achieve a significantly enhanced precision over our previous result. A refined analysis strategy based on telescopic series and a new family of kernel functions enables a clean separation of distinct Euclidean regions, disentangling strong cutoff effects at short distances from the pronounced chiral dependence at larger ones. Employing the Euclidean split technique, we convert our lattice results into an ab initio estimate of $\Delta {\alpha }_{\mathrm{had}}^{(5)}(M_Z^2)$. A comparison with results from other lattice calculations and phenomenology is performed. We also analyze improvement scenarios required to match the projected precision of future electroweak measurements at next-generation colliders.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
37. 37*

    Warm Warped Throats

    Dibya Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

    We investigate brane inflation, focusing on warm inflation realizations within a warped throat geometry. While the standard scenario relies on a single mobile $D3$-brane moving radially toward an anti-$D3$-brane at the tip of the throat, we propose two distinct inflationary pictures. In our approach, the radial and angular coordinates of a $D3$-brane on a warped deformed conifold act as two independent inflaton fields. We address moduli stabilization by incorporating a supersymmetrically embedded $D7$-brane, which generates the necessary radial and angular scalar potentials. Evaluating these radial and angular brane inflation setups within the warm inflation paradigm, we demonstrate that dissipation effects allow the models to satisfy recent observational constraints more naturally than their cold inflation counterparts for a given parameter space.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph3 citations
38. 38*

    Dark radiation from Kerr primordial black holes: the role of superradiance

    Nayun Jia🇨🇳 · Chen Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳

    Light primordial black holes (PBHs) that fully evaporate before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) produce dark radiation (DR) via Hawking radiation of gravitons, contributing to the effective number of relativistic species $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. If the particle spectrum contains a beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) boson with Compton wavelength comparable to the black hole (BH) gravitational radius, superradiant instability extracts angular momentum from the BH into a bosonic cloud, whose gravitational wave (GW) emission contributes an additional source of DR. By simultaneously evolving the BH mass and spin, superradiant mode occupation numbers, comoving entropy and cosmological energy densities in an expanding early-universe background, we find that superradiance generically suppresses $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$: by extracting angular momentum before Hawking radiation can convert it into gravitons, superradiance starves the dominant dark-radiation channel. The GWs emitted by the superradiant cloud can partially compensate this loss, but only when the superradiant and BH evaporation timescales are comparable; otherwise the cloud GWs are emitted too early and diluted by cosmological expansion. The results imply that existing $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ bounds on PBH mass and spin derived without superradiance must be revisited if BSM bosons are present in the particle spectrum.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th4 citations
39. 39*

    Microscopic Origin of Page Curve

    Artem Averin🇩🇪

    Applications of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula to evaporating black holes are known to reproduce the Page curve, although leaving open the microscopic origin of the necessary black hole degrees of freedom responsible for the entanglement and microstates. Here, we fill this gap by utilizing a recently proven generalized Ryu-Takayanagi formula which keeps the contact to the theory's Hamiltonian phase space. Precisely, we show that in any diffeomorphism invariant field theory containing stationary black holes with bifurcate Killing horizons the phase space states distinguishable by their Hamiltonian surface charges over the bifurcation surface must provide the degrees of freedom responsible for the black hole's Wald entropy. This result is part of a larger program where measurable quantities of a quantum theory are expressed as weighted sums over paths in the theory's phase space. Suited reorganization tools for those sums make then physical phenomena evident which might be obscured in a naive summation relying on spacetime notions such as field configuration spaces and Feynman diagrams. Besides presenting this result, we provide here a conceptual overview of the program as an entry point for unfamiliar readers explaining the central notion of the program and why it reveals the results obtained so far. These include especially the gravitational entropy bound and the here applied generalized Ryu-Takayanagi prescription shown earlier within the program. Using the information paradox as a leitmotif, our proposed program uncovers black hole hair that may be hidden within a naive spacetime interpretation.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.