Mon·Feb 2, 2026Monday·February 2, 2026

1. 01*

   Parton spin correlations and $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ properties in Higgs boson decay at future lepton colliders

   Yi-Lin Wang🇨🇳 · Jun Gao🇨🇳 · Ying-Ying Li🇨🇳 · Huaxing Zhu🇨🇳

   We present a phenomenological study of partonic spin correlations and $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ properties in $H\to gg$ decay channel at future lepton colliders. We investigate two classes of observables: Lund observable defined based on subjets and four-point energy-energy correlator (E4C) between particles inside two jets. Our results show that the E4C with energy weighted to the power of $n=4$ achieves the strongest sensitivity to the spin correlations of gluons from Higgs boson decay. Under the assumption of ideal identification of different gluon splitting modes, we estimate that future lepton colliders operating at $\sqrt{s}=240\mathrm{GeV}$ with an integrated luminosities of $5.6{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$ can successfully probe gluon spin correlations, while $20{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$ of data can probe the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-mixing angle in the $Hgg$ coupling to $\lesssim 0.03\pi$ using E4C. We outline strategies for extending this framework to realistic detector-level analyses, which can provide a new pathway for the precision test of Standard Model and searches for new physics.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·1 citation
2. 02*

   IceCube DeepCore's sensitivity to Non-Standard neutrino Interactions in the Earth

   Samyak Jain🇺🇸 · Veronika Palusova🇩🇪 · Thomas Ehrhardt🇩🇪 · Sebastian Boser🇩🇪 · Francis Halzen (for the IceCube Collaboration)🇺🇸

   Neutrino oscillations continue to provide one of the most promising avenues for uncovering physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, beyond-standard-model neutrino matter interactions may perturb neutrino oscillations in matter, leading to an observable signal in long baseline oscillation experiments. Moreover, such interactions can be a possible explanation of the rising tension between T2K and NOvA's ${\delta }_{\text{CP}}$ measurements. We examine IceCube DeepCore's sensitivity to these Non-Standard Interactions (NSI) by employing a model-independent NSI parameterization, and examine IceCube DeepCore's ability to comment on NSI being the cause of the T2K-NOvA ${\delta }_{\text{CP}}$ tension.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
3. 03*

   Enhanced Stochastic Gravitational Waves signals from Wess-Zumino chiral superfield

   AlexKen Lee🇪🇸 · Keyun Wu🇪🇸

   In this work, we investigate the possibility that supersymmetric structures may leave observable imprints in the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background generated during the reheating era. To this end, we construct a phenomenological interaction vertex describing the coupling between a single inflaton and the D-term sectors of a pair of chiral and anti-chiral superfields. In contrast to the conventional Yukawa coupling between the inflaton and structureless matter fields, we find that the supersymmetry-preserving chiral multiplet structure leads to a substantial enhancement, by at least one order of magnitude, in the amplitude of the resulting GWs spectrum. Our results therefore suggest that the interplay between reheating-era stochastic GWs and supersymmetric phenomenology merits further exploration and development.

   hep-ph3 citations
4. 04*

   Spectral function for pions in magnetic field

   Jie Mei🇨🇳 · Rui Wen🇨🇳 · Min Zhou🇨🇳 · Shijun Mao🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳

   This study examines the spectral functions of neutral (${\pi }_0$) and charged (${\pi }_{\pm }$) pions under a uniform magnetic field using the SU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with the Ritus method. The analysis highlights the complex interplay of magnetic field effects, thermal influences, and chiral symmetry on meson properties in extreme QCD environments. For ${\pi }_0$, whose properties are governed by the behavior of its constituent quarks, magnetic field-induced Landau levels lead to a multi-peak structure in its spectral function, reflecting stable and resonance solutions that evolve with temperature, showing shifts and critical enhancements near chiral restoration. For ${\pi }_{\pm }$, cross terms that come from the asymmetry between the constituent quarks introduce Landau cuts alongside Unitary cuts, indicating damping effects, with decay widths narrowing at higher temperatures, suggesting increased stability.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·10 citations
5. 05*

   Relativistic effects in heavy mesons

   I. V. Obraztsov🇷🇺 · A. E. Bondar🇷🇺 · A. I. Milstein🇷🇺

   We discuss the application of a relativistic potential model to the description of the spectrum and radiative transitions in mesons containing at least one heavy quark (b or c). Although the model has a small number of parameters, it is possible to achieve qualitative agreement with all available experimental data, including those that could not be explained by all previous methods. This demonstrates the importance of taking relativistic effects into account. A remarkable property of the relativistic potential model is that the predictions for meson masses and partial widths of radiative transitions remain finite in the limit of zero light quark mass.

   hep-phhep-exNPA(2026)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Singly Cabibbo-suppressed hadronic weak decays of the ${\Omega }^{-}$ hyperon

   Ye Cao🇨🇳 · Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳 · Qiang Zhao🇨🇳

   We study the two-body hadronic weak decays of the ${\Omega }^{-}$ hyperon with strangeness $S=-3$, including three singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes: ${\Xi }^0{\pi }^{-}$, ${\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ and $\Lambda K^{-}$. The decay amplitudes at the quark level, arising from $s\to ud\bar{u}$ transitions (direct pion emission and color-suppressed processes) and $su\to ud$ transitions (pole terms), are calculated in the framework of the non-relativistic constituent quark model.The theoretical results show that the ${\Xi }^0{\pi }^{-}$ channel is dominated by the color-allowed direct pion emission process, while the $\Lambda K^{-}$ channel is well described by one type of pole contribution mediated through intermediate $\Xi$ resonances ($1^2{S}_{1/2^{+}}$ and $1^2{P}_{1/2^{-}}$ states). However, the contribution from tree-level mechanisms alone to the branching ratio of ${\Omega }^{-}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ is small due to its color-suppressed nature. The discrepancy is resolved by including final state interactions through rescattering processes via intermediate states ${\Xi }^0{\pi }^{-}$ and $\Lambda K^{-}$. This work demonstrates that a unified description of ${\Omega }^{-}$ hadronic weak decays necessitates the interplay of quark-level weak vertices, baryon pole structures, and long-distance final state rescattering dynamics. With these mechanisms, the obtained branching ratios are in agreement with the high-precision experimental data from the BESIII. Furthermore, these above decays are found to be dominated by the parity-conserving $P$-wave transitions, thus the asymmetry parameters are almost zero.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2026)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Femtoscopic correlation functions for general partial waves: Application to the $\Lambda (1520)$ resonance

   Si-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

   The femtoscopic correlation function has been established in recent years as a high-precision tool for investigating hadron-hadron interactions and exotic states, providing stringent constraints on the dynamics of low-energy strong interactions. However, current research has been predominantly focused on the $s$-wave interaction between hadrons, while studies of higher partial waves remain scarce. We present a general analytical expression for the femtoscopic correlation function in an arbitrary partial wave using the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. This formalism is applied to constrain the $d$-wave $K^{-}p$ scattering through a combined study of the $K^{-}p$ correlation function and the $D_{03}$ scattering amplitude of $\bar{K}N\to \bar{K}N$ and $\bar{K}N\to \pi \Sigma$ processes, from which the properties of $\Lambda (1520)$ are extracted and found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of determining dynamics between hadrons through femtoscopic correlation functions and scattering amplitudes with higher partial waves.

   hep-phChin.Phys.Lett.(2026)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Gravitational form factors of the $Z$-boson

   P. Beißner🇩🇪 · J. Yu. Panteleeva🇩🇪 · B.-D. Sun🇩🇪 · E. Epelbaum🇩🇪 · J. Gegelia🇩🇪

   Matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor for one-particle states of the $Z$-boson are parameterized in terms of gravitational form factors. One-loop order electroweak corrections to these quantities are calculated. Renormalization and physical interpretation of the obtained results are discussed.

   hep-phhep-th1 citation
9. 09*

   Radiative Dirac Neutrino Masses from Modular $S_3$ Symmetry in an Axion Model

   Sin Kyu Kang🇰🇷 · Ranjeet Kumar🇮🇳 · Hiroshi Okada🇨🇳

   We present a unified axion model framework that simultaneously addresses the origin of neutrino masses, leptonic flavor structure, the strong CP problem, and dark matter. The model is based on a global $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ symmetry combined with a modular $S_3$ symmetry and is realized within a novel class of KSVZ-type axion model. Exotic colored fermions and scalars mediate radiative neutrino mass generation at the one loop-level. The PQ charge assignment forbids tree-level neutrino masses and leaves a residual $Z_3$ symmetry that ensures the Dirac nature of neutrinos. In the minimal realization, the neutrino mass matrix is of rank two, predicting one massless neutrino. Consequently, the sum of neutrino masses is constrained for both the normal and inverted hierarchies. We analyze the implications for charged lepton flavor violation and the lepton $g-2$. The axion emerging from this framework dynamically resolves the strong CP problem and accounts for the observed dark matter abundance. Notably, the predicted axion-photon coupling is within reach of upcoming experiments and consistent with existing astrophysical and cosmological bounds.

   hep-phhep-ex4 citations
10. 10*

    Prompt production of $J/\psi$ in the soft gluon resummation approach using the ICEM

    Vladimir Saleev🇷🇺 · Kirill Shilyaev🇷🇺

    In the article, we study prompt $J/\psi$ production at small transverse momentum within the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) factorization. The Soft Gluon Resummation (SGR) approach is used for modelling of TMD PDFs. The hadronization process of heavy charm quarks is described with the Improved Color Evaporation model (ICEM). In order to obtain spectra of $J/\psi$ at the arbitrary transverse momenta, fixed-order calculations within the collinear parton model (CPM) are also applied and further matched with the TMD calculations using the Inverse-Error Weighting (InEW) scheme. We present results of calculations for a wide range of collision energy with the fitting of the relevant nonperturbative parameter of the ICEM. Predictions for the SPD NICA experiment are also provided alongside comparison with the result of calculation using nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework.

    hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2026)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Helicity Softer Dipole Pomeron Model for Vector Meson Photoproduction by Arbitrarily Polarized Photons

    Dart-yin A. Soh🇹🇼

    Understanding the spin dynamics of strong interactions from the nonperturbative to the perturbative regime remains a challenge. Regge pole theory offers a phenomenological framework, but existing models fail to simultaneously describe cross sections and polarization observables. Here we present a model with the Softer Dipole Pomeron--a dipole Pomeron with intercept $\alpha (0)<1$--based on the Regge theory framework for vector meson photoproduction by arbitrarily polarized photons at energies ranging from high down to the production threshold. The accurate helicity amplitude is constructed with free trajectory parameters. This model compatibly describes the integrated and differential cross sections and the spin-density matrix elements of ${\rho }^0$ photoproduction, by fitting it synchronously to three categories of data . The agreement of our model with experimental data remarkably improves upon previous models. Predictions for circular SDMEs are also made. This model provides essential insight into the spin dynamics of nonperturbative QCD accessible at future experiments. It also underpins our proposed novel cosmic-photon polarimetry.

    hep-ph0 citations
12. 12*

    Multiquark bound states and resonances

    Jean-Marc Richard🇫🇷 · Alfredo Valcarce🇪🇸 · Javier Vijande🇪🇸

    We review the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic mechanisms that tentatively lead to stable or metastable multiquark configurations. An alternative interpretation of the dynamics is the quark interchange between hadrons, as illustrated in the case of the fully-charm systems.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2026)·0 citations
13. 13*

    Heavy quark polarization anisotropy as a novel probe of fireball geometry

    Amaresh Jaiswal🇮🇳

    We propose a new approach to probe the initial fireball geometry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using spin polarization. Specifically, we introduce polarization harmonics of open heavy hadrons as a novel observable sensitive to geometric anisotropies. Heavy quarks are produced in early hard scatterings and can acquire spin polarization from the strong, transient electromagnetic fields present at early times. As they propagate through the anisotropic quark-gluon plasma, medium-induced interactions lead to path-length dependent depolarization, imprinting an azimuthally anisotropic polarization pattern. Within the framework of rotational Brownian motion, we show that the resulting polarization harmonics are directly related to the initial spatial eccentricities, thereby establishing heavy-flavor polarization anisotropies as a sensitive and complementary probe of the early-time collision geometry. We present quantitative estimates of the second (elliptic) polarization harmonic associated with the recently observed $D^{\ast +}$ spin alignment reported by the ALICE Collaboration.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2026)·2 citations
14. 14*

    Evidence for quark-diquark structure of baryons from fluctuations of conserved charges

    Michał Marczenko🇵🇱 · Krzysztof Redlich🇵🇱

    We study fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in QCD using a string-based description of the hadronic mass spectrum. Mesons and baryons are modeled as open relativistic strings with quark-antiquark and quark-diquark endpoints, respectively, leading to an exponential Hagedorn growth of states with a limiting temperature fixed by the string tension. We find that continuous Hagedorn spectra constrained by experimentally established hadrons underestimate net-baryon number fluctuations obtained in lattice QCD calculations. By extracting the Hagedorn string spectrum directly from lattice QCD through a fit to the second-order net-baryon number susceptibility, we obtain a consistent description of a broad set of fluctuations of conserved charges from LQCD with the Hagedorn temperature $T_H\simeq 323$MeV, without introducing additional free parameters. Our results provide thermodynamic evidence in support of a string quark-diquark picture of baryons in the confined phase of QCD.

    hep-phPRC(2026)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Local finiteness for real-virtual corrections to electroweak production in partonic collisions

    Charalampos Anastasiou🇨🇭 · Julia Karlen🇨🇭 · Yao Ma🇨🇭 · George Sterman🇺🇸

    We present a local subtraction scheme that enables the combined integration of loop momenta and the final-state parton phase space in real-virtual NNLO QCD corrections to cross sections for hadroproduction of electroweak and other colorless states. All initial- and final-state infrared singularities are subtracted at the integrand level in momentum space, yielding a locally finite integral ready for numerical integration in four dimensions. The subtraction terms are all based on the well-understood process of single-Higgs production. The core of our subtraction scheme relies on achieving local factorization in all infrared limits of real and virtual momenta. This necessitates systematic modifications of the original Feynman integrand for loop amplitudes, enabling gauge symmetry cancellations before performing integrations. Our approach provides an essential step toward NNLO cross-section calculations for hadron collider processes, where both loop and phase-space integrations are carried out numerically.

    hep-phhep-th4 citations
16. 16*

    Analysis of regulator and cutoff artifacts in the phase diagram of the quark-meson model

    Jonas Stoll🇩🇪 · Niklas Zorbach🇩🇪 · Lutz Kiefer🇩🇪 · Fabrizio Murgana🇮🇹 · Jens Braun🇩🇪 · Dirk H. Rischke🇩🇪

    We study regulator and cutoff artifacts in the quark-meson model at finite temperature and quark chemical potential within the functional renormalization-group approach using the local potential approximation. To this end, we discuss the concept of renormalization-group consistency in effective models, which necessitates a nontrivial parameter-fixing procedure to enable a meaningful comparison of results obtained with different regulators and cutoffs. We employ a standard range of cutoff values used in phenomenological studies and regulators that differ significantly in their analytic properties as well as in their classification according to the principle of strongest singularity. We find that regulator and cutoff dependences are small at low temperatures and quark chemical potentials. At high temperatures and low quark chemical potentials, significant cutoff artifacts arise, whereas the properties of the regulator affect the dynamics in the regime governed by a chiral phase transition of first order at low temperatures and high quark chemical potentials.

    hep-phnucl-th1 citation
17. 17*

    Establishing Earth's Matter Effect in Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations at IceCube DeepCore

    Anuj Kumar Upadhyay (For the IceCube Collaboration)🇺🇸

    The discovery of the non-zero value of ${\theta }_{13}$ has opened an exciting opportunity to probe the Earth's matter effects in three-flavor oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos. These matter effects depend on both neutrino energy and the electron density distributions encountered during their propagation through Earth. In this contribution, we present preliminary sensitivities from the DeepCore detector, a densely instrumented sub-array of the IceCube neutrino observatory at the South Pole, demonstrating its ability to observe these matter effects in atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Using simulated data equivalent to 9.3 years of observations at IceCube DeepCore, we show the sensitivity of the DeepCore to reject the vacuum oscillation hypothesis and align with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model. Additionally, we present the expected improvement in sensitivity for rejecting the vacuum oscillations using the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, a low-energy extension of the IceCube detector.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Exploring Layered Structure Inside Earth Using Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation at IceCube DeepCore

    J Krishnamoorthi (For the IceCube Collaboration)🇮🇳

    The IceCube detector, using its densely instrumented center, called DeepCore, can detect multi-GeV atmospheric neutrinos. The oscillation pattern of neutrinos is altered due to interactions with ambient electrons as they pass through Earth. The changes in these patterns are influenced by the amount of matter and its specific arrangement. As neutrinos propagate, they retain information about the densities they encounter. Our study demonstrates that IceCube DeepCore can utilize the Earth's matter effects to distinguish between a homogeneous matter density profile and a layered structure density profile of Earth. In this contribution, we present that IceCube DeepCore data equivalent to 9.3 years of observation can reject the homogeneous matter density profile with a confidence level of 1.4$\sigma$.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
19. 19*

    Complete Operator Basis for the modular invariant SMEFT

    Luo-Jia Kang🇨🇳 · Hao Sun🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

    We implement modular flavor symmetries within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework, using the flavor group $A_4^{(q)}\times A_4^{(e)}$ with distinct moduli ${\tau }_q$ and ${\tau }_e$, and assigning different modular weights to right-handed quarks using simplest weight assignment. By treating the moduli as non-dynamical spurions, adopting the MFV-like assumption, and neglecting effects associated with $\mathrm{Im}\tau$, we systematically construct a finite set of independent modular-invariant higher-dimensional operators via the Hilbert-series techniques. In the holomorphic $A_4$ scenario, where all modular forms derive from the weight-2 triplet $Y_3^{(2)}$, we present two equivalent Hilbert-series bases. This establishes that higher-dimensional operators can be formally organized as $[Y_{\mathbf{r}}^{(k_Y)},{Y_{{\mathbf{r}}^{\prime }}^{(k_Y^{\prime })}}^{\ast },\mathcal{O}{]}_1$ singlets. We subsequently enumerate all independent operators up to dimension 7 under this assumption and provide explicit constructions for all dimension-5 operators as well as baryon- and lepton-number conserving dimension-6 operators. Relaxing holomorphicity to the non-holomorphic case of polyharmonic Maas forms, considering that non-holomorphic modular forms are not closed under multiplication, adopting the holomorphic organizing idea would generically lead to an infinite proliferation of modular-invariant structures. To retain a finite and complete operator basis, we therefore impose the same minimal formal organizing principle, which reproduces the benchmark Weinberg operator and the corresponding dimension-$6$ operators.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
20. 20*

    Study of the internal structure of the Earth using neutrino oscillations at IceCube DeepCore

    Sharmistha Chattopadhyay (For the IceCube Collaboration)🇺🇸

    Earth's mass and internal structure have been primarily studied through gravitational and seismic methods. Neutrinos, however, offer an independent way to explore Earth's interior via matter effects in neutrino oscillations that depend on the electron distribution inside Earth, and hence its matter density. Our study uses atmospheric neutrinos at DeepCore, a densely instrumented sub-detector of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, to estimate Earth's mass and layer densities. We also assess how the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, with denser instrumentation, could improve these measurements.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
21. 21*

    Exploring Long-Range Interactions in the Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations at IceCube DeepCore

    Gopal Garg (For the IceCube Collaboration)🇺🇸

    The IceCube neutrino observatory consists of an array of Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) instrumenting one cubic-kilometer of deep glacial ice at the South Pole. DeepCore, a densely-spaced sub-array of DOMs at the bottom central region of IceCube, enables the detection of atmospheric neutrinos with an energy threshold in the GeV range. The high statistics data of DeepCore provides a unique opportunity to perform neutrino oscillation studies as well as explore various sub-leading Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics signatures. We consider a well-motivated minimal extension of the Standard Model by an additional anomaly-free, gauged lepton-number symmetry, such as $L_e-L_{\mu }$ or $L_e-L_{\tau }$. These symmetries give rise to flavor-dependent long-range interaction mediated through a very light neutral gauge boson. In this contribution, we present the sensitivity of the IceCube DeepCore detector to search for this flavor-dependent long-range interaction potential with a runtime of 9.3 years.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.ins-detSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
22. 22*

    The LBT $Y_{\mathrm{p}}$ Project V: Cosmological Implications of a New Determination of Primordial ${}^4$He

    Tsung-Han Yeh🇨🇦 · Keith A. Olive🇺🇸 · Brian D. Fields🇺🇸 · Erik Aver · Richard W. Pogge · Noah S. J. Rogers · Evan D. Skillman · Miqaela K. Weller

    The primordial abundance of ${}^4$He plays a central role in big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The LBT $Y_{\mathrm{p}}$ Project's new measurement of the primordial ${}^4$He mass fraction $Y_{\mathrm{p}}=0.2458\pm 0.0013$ is the most precise determination to date. In this paper, we combine our new $Y_{\mathrm{p}}$ value with the latest primordial deuterium measurement, and assess the consequences for cosmology. For Standard BBN, where the number of light neutrino species is fixed at $N_{\nu }=3$, the single free parameter is the cosmic baryon density; the CMB measures this independently, with results consistent with each other. Combining $Y_{\mathrm{p}}$ , D/H, BBN, and the CMB, gives the cosmic baryon-to-photon ratio $\eta =(6.120\pm 0.038)\times 10^{-10}$, corresponding to a baryon density parameter ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{B}}{h}^2=0.02236\pm 0.00014$. We then allow $N_{\nu }$ to vary and thus measure relativistic species present during nucleosynthesis. We find $\eta =(6.101\pm 0.044)\times 10^{-10}$ or ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{B}}{h}^2=0.02229\pm 0.00016$, and $N_{\nu }=2.925\pm 0.082$, and for $N_{\nu }\ge 3$, $\Delta N_{\nu }=N_{\nu }-3\le 0.125$ (95\% CL) during BBN and the CMB. Our results demonstrate consistency with the Standard Model of particle physics, and with the standard cosmology that links BBN at $\sim 1\sec$ and the CMB at $\sim 400,000$ yr.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph19 citations
23. 23*

    High energy neutrinos from pulsar-powered optical transients: LFBOTs as potential origin of the KM3NeT event KM3-230213A

    Mainak Mukhopadhyay🇺🇸 · Shigeo S. Kimura🇯🇵

    Recently, the KM3NeT Collaboration reported the detection of an ultra-high energy ($\sim 220$ PeV) neutrino event, KM3-230213A. In this work, we perform a detailed investigation into whether this event could originate from the diffuse neutrino flux produced by a class of pulsar-powered optical transients. In particular, we consider populations of ordinary supernovae (SNe), super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe), and luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs) with a newly formed magnetar as the central engine. We discuss both the thermal electromagnetic and non-thermal neutrino emission from such sources. We scan the parameter space of the dipolar magnetic field strength and the initial spin period to determine characteristic optical emission properties and lightcurve timescales of these transients. Additionally, our scan identifies which classes of these transients can reproduce the required diffuse flux level and neutrino energies. Combining our results, we conclude that a diffuse neutrino flux from a population of LFBOTs can explain the KM3NeT event. Therefore, pulsar-powered optical transients may serve as promising sources for the current and upcoming high-energy and ultra-high energy neutrino telescopes.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph4 citations
24. 24*

    Excited-state uncertainties in lattice-QCD calculations of multi-hadron systems

    William Detmold🇺🇸 · Anthony V. Grebe🇺🇸 · Daniel C. Hackett🇺🇸 · Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Robert J. Perry🇺🇸 · Phiala E. Shanahan🇺🇸 · Michael L. Wagman🇺🇸

    Excited-state effects lead to hard-to-quantify systematic uncertainties in lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) spectroscopy calculations when computationally accessible imaginary times are smaller than inverse excitation gaps, as often arises for multi-hadron systems with signal-to-noise problems. Lanczos residual bounds address this by providing two-sided constraints on energies that do not require assumptions beyond Hermiticity, but often give very conservative systematic uncertainty estimates. Here, a more-constraining set of gap bounds is introduced for hadron spectroscopy. These bounds provide tighter constraints whose validity requires an explicit assumption about an energy gap. Exactly solvable lattice field theory correlators are used to test the utility of residual and gap bounds at finite and infinite statistics. Two-sided bounds and other analysis methods are then applied to a high-statistics LQCD calculation of nucleon-nucleon scattering at $m_{\pi }\sim 800$ MeV. Generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP) and Lanczos energy estimators are compatible when applied to the same correlator data, but analyses including different interpolating operators show statistically significant inconsistencies. However, two-sided bounds from all operators are consistent. Under the assumption that the number of energy levels below $N\Delta$ and $\Delta \Delta$ thresholds is the same as for non-interacting nucleons, gap bounds are sufficient to constrain nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes at phenomenologically relevant precision. Lanczos methods further reveal that energy-eigenstate estimates from previously studied asymmetric correlators have not converged over accessible imaginary times. Nevertheless, data-driven examples demonstrate why assumptions are required to draw conclusions about the natures of two-nucleon ground states at these masses.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-th3 citations
25. 25*

    Excited-state uncertainties in lattice-QCD calculations of hadron masses and scattering phase shifts

    William Detmold🇺🇸 · Anthony V. Grebe🇺🇸 · Daniel C. Hackett🇺🇸 · Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Robert J. Perry🇺🇸 · Phiala E. Shanahan🇺🇸 · Michael L. Wagman🇺🇸

    Lattice QCD has historically produced energy results interpretable as either estimates relying on implicit assumptions about asymptotic behavior or one-sided upper bounds. New Lanczos methods providing two-sided bounds with less-restrictive assumptions are introduced and quantified in a high-statistics calculation with unphysical quark masses. Two-sided bounds without spectral assumptions provide sub-percent constraints on the nucleon mass. Other bounds, which assume all states in a given energy window are resolved, provide meaningful two-sided constraints on nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-th3 citations
26. 26*

    Entanglement in Elastic and Inelastic Two-particle Scatterings at High Energy

    Robi Peschanski🇫🇷 · Shigenori Seki🇯🇵

    We study the entanglement produced in transverse momentum by two-particle scattering at high energy. Employing the S-matrix framework for the derivation of reduced density matrices, we formulate the entanglement entropy for an inelastic scattering as well as an elastic one. We display the formulas of the entanglement entropy in terms of two-body cross sections. We also derive the entanglement density as a function of the transverse momentum. As an application, we then focus on both forward elastic ($pn\to pn$) and inelastic ($pn\to np$) channels scattering allowing for a fruitful comparison of the two reactions with the same proton-neutron content. We evaluate the elastic and inelastic entanglement entropy by using known parameterizations of experimental data for neutron-proton reactions. Comparing those entanglement entropies, we observe that the inelastic scattering produces more overall entanglement than the elastic one in the $pn$ sector.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·4 citations
27. 27*

    Chaos in the near-horizon dynamics of the dyonic $\mathrm{Ad}{\mathrm{S}}_4$-Reissner-Nordström black hole

    Mu-Yang Wang🇨🇳 · Si-Wen Li🇨🇳 · Defu Hou🇨🇳 · Dong Yan🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Zhao🇨🇳

    We investigate the chaos in the dynamics of a probe massless particle confined by the harmonic potential near the horizon of the dyonic $\mathrm{Ad}{\mathrm{S}}_4$-Reissner-Nordström black hole. The total energy of the particle, chemical potential and magnetic field in this system serving as independently adjustable parameters tune nonlinearity and phase-space structure. By analyzing the trajectories on the Poincaré section and evaluating the Lyapunov exponents, we obtain the dynamical phase diagrams of the chaos and find their counteracting regulatory role: at low energy, chaos is enhanced and the Lyapunov exponent ${\lambda }_L$ violates its upper bound (i.e. surface gravity) in the extremal black hole limit(combined paramete $\Gamma =3$); at high energy, the same extremal limit suppresses chaos, with ${\lambda }_L$ dropping to zero and a regular dynamical corridor emerging along $\Gamma =3$ in the dynamical phase diagrams. These results establish a direct mapping between black hole thermodynamics and microscopic chaos, offering new insights into the AdS/QCD correspondence and nonlinear dynamics in strongly curved spacetimes.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2026)·1 citation
28. 28*

    Exact black holes and black branes with bumpy horizons supported by superfluid pions

    Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Andrés Gomberoff🇨🇱 · Carla Henríquez-Baez🇨🇱 · Aldo Vera🇨🇱

    We present exact solutions of the Einstein $SU(2)$ non-linear sigma model in $3+1$ spacetime dimensions, describing bumpy black holes and black branes. Using an Ansatz for superfluid pion multi-vortices, the matter sector reduces to a first-order BPS system, while the Einstein equations reduce to a Liouville equation with a smooth source governing the horizon deformation. These solutions describe horizons of different constant curvatures, with nontrivial bumpy geometries protected by an integer topological invariant, namely the vorticity, which also controls the number of bumps and the black hole thermodynamics. Remarkably, such horizons arise in a minimal and physically motivated matter model, without invoking exotic fields or modified gravity. The physical implications of these results in holography and astrophysics are briefly described.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·10 citations
29. 29*

    A novel Hamiltonian formulation of $1+1$ dimensional ${\varphi }^4$ theory in Daubechies wavelet basis: momentum space analysis

    Mrinmoy Basak🇮🇳

    We employ the wavelet formalism of quantum field theory to study field theories in the nonperturbative Hamiltonian framework. Specifically, we make use of Daubechies wavelets in momentum space. These basis elements are characterised by a resolution and a translation index that provides for a natural nonperturbative infrared and ultraviolet truncation of the quantum field theory. As an application, we consider the ${\varphi }^4$ theory and demonstrate the emergence of the well-known nonperturbative strong-coupling phase transition in the $m^2>0$ sector.

    ↳ hep-thhep-exhep-lathep-ph+1PoS(2026)·1 citation
30. 30*

    Recent results on heavy resonances at CMS

    Yihui Lai🇺🇸

    The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics provides a successful description of elementary particles and their interactions. However, it does not explain phenomena such as the hierarchy problem or the nature of dark matter. Many Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) theories provide answers to these open questions by adding new heavy resonances, which can be probed directly at colliders. This note summarizes recent resonance searches by the CMS Collaboration, focusing on final states containing top quarks and Higgs bosons.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
31. 31*

    Human versus Artificial Inteligence; a significant example in astrophysics, alas

    A. De Rújula🇪🇸

    There are two well documented models of gamma ray bursts (GRBs), the "Standard' model and the "Cannonball" model. They have often been reviewed [1] and sometimes compared [2]. Here, to avoid understandable biases, I show below the results of an experiment: letting an AI compare the data and the two models. All of what follows (but two references, two footnotes and the next sentence) is the result of asking Perplexity.ai to perform this confrontational task. It should be easy for an impartial reader to reach very clear conclusions.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phphysics.soc-ph1 citation
32. 32*

    One loop photon-graviton mixing in an electromagnetic field: Part 3

    Naser Ahmadiniaz · Fiorenzo Bastianelli · Felix Karbstein und Christian Schubert

    Photon-graviton conversion in an electromagnetic field is a well-known prediction of Einstein-Maxwell theory. First discussed at tree-level by Gertsenshtein in 1962, more recently it has been shown to lead to magnetic dichroism starting from one-loop. While previously only two diagrams were assumed to contribute to this one-loop photon-graviton amplitude in a constant electromagnetic field, here we point out the existence of a third one involving a tadpole subdiagram. As shown by H. Gies and one of the authors in 2016 for the pure QED case, such diagrams cannot be omitted in general even though the tadpole formally vanishes. After a short review of the calculation of one-loop photon-graviton amplitudes in the worldline formalism, we use this formalism for a unified calculation of all three diagrams. Although phenomenologically this amplitude is mainly of interest for the case of the spinor loop in a magnetic field, here we will also include the scalar loop and the electric field component, since the computational effort is essentially the same. We show that the tadpole diagram, although contributing to the amplitude, does not contribute to the magnetic dichroism. The gravitational Ward identity provides a useful check.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
33. 33*

    Numerical simulations of non-relativistic stochastic fluids via the Metropolis algorithm

    Mattis Harhoff🇩🇪 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪 · Lorenz von Smekal🇩🇪

    Stochastic hydrodynamics provides a dynamical framework for the evolution of fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions, but poses significant challenges in numerical simulations. We present an algorithm for the simulation of non-relativistic stochastic fluids in two spatial dimensions in a box. We use the robust Metropolis algorithm, handling fluctuations and dissipation at once by systematically replacing dissipative terms in the hydrodynamic equations by random forces. The algorithm can easily be modified for numerical simulations of other hydrodynamic theories. We present test cases as well as numerical calculations of the renormalization of shear viscosity.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2026)·0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.