PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Wed·Dec 24, 2025

32 papers22 primary·10 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    Universal Seesaw Leptogenesis

    K.S. Babu🇺🇸 · Maximilian Berbig🇪🇸 · Srubabati Goswami🇮🇳 · Drona Vatsyayan🇨🇦

    We study the implications for leptogenesis in a class of left-right symmetric model, where all fermion masses are induced through the Universal Seesaw mechanism. Unlike conventional analyses, we do not use the decays of the neutrino embedded in the right-chiral lepton doublet, but rather those of the gauge-singlet mediators required for neutrino mass generation in the canonical Type-I seesaw. This model features a generalized parity symmetry, which is motivated by the solution to the strong problem. Since this discrete symmetry doubles the fermionic degrees of freedom in this model, we can generate the required violation in the heavy fermion decays with only a single generation of mediators. One of the distinct features of our scenario is that the bounds from thermalization or washout via gauge interactions typically encountered in the canonical left-right symmetric models do not apply here. Moreover, the heavy mediators can decay to both the left and the right-chiral neutrinos, leading to a cancellation in the resulting baryon asymmetry for decays above the left-right symmetry breaking scale. We discuss ways to avoid this cancellation and show that low scale left-right symmetry breaking above the current collider limits TeV is viable. The right chiral neutrinos also obtain their masses from the seesaw mechanism, and the lightest one turns out to have a sub-eV scale mass. We find that its abundance is consistent with standard cosmology, and it acts as potentially observable dark radiation.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
  2. 02*

    FeynCalc 10.2 and FeynHelpers 2: Multiloop calculations streamlined

    Vladyslav Shtabovenko🇩🇪

    We present new versions of the Mathematica package FeynCalc and the FeynHelpers add-on that represent an important contribution to the collection of public codes for semi-automatic evaluation of multiloop Feynman diagrams. FeynHelpers enables interfacing between FeynCalc and selected programs routinely used in multiloop calculations such as QGRAF, FIRE, KIRA, FIESTA or pySecDec. In addition to that FeynCalc now supports parallelizing the execution of selected routines on multicore CPUs and can handle tensor integrals with zero Gram determinants where the traditional tensor reduction breaks down.

    hep-ph7 citations
  3. 03*

    How to identify the dead cone in the top-quark jet

    Stefan Kluth🇩🇪 · Wolfgang Ochs🇩🇪 · Redamy Perez-Ramos🇫🇷

    The gluon emission from an energetic heavy quark is suppressed in the forward direction below the angle for a quark of mass and energy according to perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) (``dead cone"). Another consequence is the suppression of energetic particles in the jet which has been observed already for c- and b-quark jets. The suppression of the forward particles can be explained by an application of the Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximation (MLLA) of perturbative QCD. In this paper we investigate whether this type of analysis can be carried out also for top-quark jets with the much higher heavy quark mass allowing for QCD tests in this new kinematic regime. The new aspect of this analysis is the finite lifetime of the top quark. We consider for simplicity the decay , where the b-quark radiates gluons as well and partially obscures the dead cone. Guided by the decay amplitude in leading order in for we propose a method to separate the radiation by the dipole in the decay process which is superimposed to the primary radiation from the dipole involving the top-quark dead cone effect. The momentum distributions of partons or hadrons are determined for finite decay angles of the b-quark and extrapolated into forward direction where the radiation from the decay process is expected to vanish. This method is successfully tested at the parton level and results obtained for hadrons are compatible with the MLLA relation within an accuracy of around 15\%. Our calculations are carried out with the Pythia 8.3 Monte Carlo Event Generator.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·2 citations
  4. 04*

    Dynamical color conductivity of a chiral quark-gluon plasma

    Sourav Duari🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar🇮🇳

    The dynamical chromoelectric color conductivity of a chiral plasma has been extracted from one loop gluon self energy by using linear response theory at finite temperature and density. It is shown that due to the P and CP violation the conductivity tensor has an anomalous contribution in addition to the longitudinal and transverse components. We identify this anomalous conductivity as chiral chromomagnetic conductivity. The spectral representations of real and imaginary parts of the longitudinal and transverse conductivities show marginal variations in chiral plasma as compared to the non-chiral plasma. The static limit of chiral chromomagnetic conductivity is found to be independent of medium properties reflecting its topological nature.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·3 citations
  5. 05*

    Worth the Effort? An Examination on the Effect of Higher Diligence Calculations of the Sound Shell Model

    Fazlollah Hajkarim🇺🇸 · Graham White🇬🇧 · Yang Xiao🇨🇳

    The gravitational wave spectrum arising from using the full velocity profile is well known to differ qualitatively from analytic fits to a broken power law. Former studies have shown that unlike the uncertainties arising from thermal field theory, more diligence in the hydrodynamics can sometimes have limited benefit. However, this was shown in the context of broken power law fits. We test the benefits of some recent calculations in modeling the spectrum, including new developments in adjustments of the low frequency tail to be consistent with causality, but we use the full velocity profile. We find the spectral shape information has a heightened sensitivity to the speed of sound which can be demonstrated analytically, however for our benchmark model this still results in a modest difference. The reason for a heightened sensitivity is because the velocity at the boundary is quite sensitive to the speed of sound, which in turn means a small change to the speed of sound can have a large change to the shape of the velocity profile. Furthermore, even modest changes in the product can make non-trivial changes to the shape around the peak. Finally, there are many points where adjusting the infrared behavior to be consistent with causality is affecting the spectrum near its peak. All this implies that the spectrum is sensitive to five thermal parameters rather than four which gives hope that an observation of a gravitational wave spectrum from a first order cosmological phase transition could eventually give even more information about the underlying microphysics responsible.

    hep-phJCAP(2026)·1 citation
  6. 06*

    Internal structure of near-threshold states using compositeness

    Tomona Kinugawa🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵

    Understanding the internal structure of near-threshold states is essential for revealing the nature of exotic hadrons. Motivated by this challenge, we discuss the clustering structures of near-threshold -wave eigenstates using the compositeness, which characterizes the clustering nature of the states. We show that shallow bound states usually possess cluster-dominant structures, while near-threshold narrow resonances are non-cluster-dominant. Through this study, we establish a theoretical foundation for the threshold energy rule, which has been known empirically.

    hep-phnucl-th0 citations
  7. 07*

    Constraining particle physics models with gravitational waves from the early universe

    Dhruv Ringe🇮🇳

    In this Ph.D. thesis, we study the methods to constrain particle physics models using the stochastic GW imprints from cosmological phase transitions (PTs). Beginning with the theory and background, we describe how the GW background from first-order PTs (FOPTs) and topological defects such as domain walls (DWs) can constrain the model parameter space at upcoming GW observatories. The first BSM scenario involves a flavon FOPT in two ultraviolet-complete models of the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism. In both models, for the FN symmetry-breaking scale GeV, the parameter space is constrained by GWs in upcoming observatories such as BBO, DECIGO, CE, and ET. However, the GW spectrum does not discriminate between the two models. Next, we consider FOPT in the doublet left-right symmetric model (DLRSM) during breaking. For the breaking scale TeV, the parameter space can be constrained by GW observations at BBO, FP-DECIGO, and Ultimate DECIGO. A large number of points with detectable GW signals can be ruled out from the precise measurement of the trilinear Higgs coupling at future colliders. Finally, we discuss the GW spectrum generated by DWs formed after the spontaneous breaking of the discrete -symmetry imposed on DLRSM. Using Bayesian analysis, we fit the 15-year NANOGrav dataset to the GW spectrum from DWs in DLRSM and determine the best-fit values of the DW surface tension and the bias potential. The techniques of this thesis can be applied to other BSM scenarios in the future.

    hep-ph0 citations
  8. 08*

    A non-compact QCD axion

    Georgios K. Karananas🇩🇪 · Mikhail Shaposhnikov🇨🇭 · Sebastian Zell🇩🇪

    We investigate the cosmology of an axion that is fundamentally non-compact. During inflation, fluctuations of the effectively massless field populate many QCD vacua, thereby evading conventional isocurvature constraints while generating domain walls -- without accompanying cosmic strings. A small non-QCD contribution to the axion potential is required to trigger the timely collapse of domain walls; as a consequence, a residual amount of CP violation in the strong sector must exist, potentially within reach of planned experiments. Non-compact axions can account for the entirety of the dark matter abundance, and the collapse of domain walls sources a stochastic gravitational-wave background at nanohertz frequencies. Such axion dynamics can be embedded in top-down constructions -- such as Weyl-invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity -- where the tilting of the axion potential arises automatically.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th4 citations
  9. 09*

    Novel Light Dark Matter Detection with Quantum Parity Detector Using Qubit Arrays

    Xuegang Li🇨🇳 · Yuxiang Liu🇨🇳 · Jing Shu🇨🇳 · Ningqiang Song🇨🇳 · Yidong Song🇨🇳 · Junhua Wang🇨🇳 · Yue-Liang Wu🇨🇳 · Tiantian Zhang🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Zhou🇨🇳

    We present the design and the sensitivity reach of the Qubit-based Light Dark Matter detection experiment. We propose the novel two-chip design to reduce signal dissipation, with quantum parity measurement to enhance single-phonon detection sensitivity. We demonstrate the performance of the detector with full phonon and quasiparticle simulations. The experiment is projected to detect meV energy deposition with nearly efficiency and high energy resolution. The sensitivity to MeV dark matter scattering cross section is expected to be advanced by orders of magnitude for both light and heavy mediators, and similar improvements will be achieved for axion and dark photon absorption in the - eV mass range.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex2 citations
  10. 10*

    On Finite Temperature Quantum Field Theory: From Theoretical Foundations To Electroweak Phase Transition

    Mohamed Aboudonia🇦🇺 · Csaba Balazs🇦🇺

    In the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang, the universe existed in an extremely hot, dense state in which particle interactions occurred not in a vacuum but within a thermal medium. Under such conditions, the standard framework of quantum field theory (QFT) requires a finite temperature extension, wherein propagators -- and hence the fundamental structure of the theory -- are modified to reflect thermal background effects. These thermal modifications are central to understanding the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) as a high temperature phase transition, potentially leading to qualitatively different vacuum structures for the Higgs field as the universe cooled. Finite temperature corrections naturally regulate ultraviolet divergences in propagators, hinting at a possible route toward ultraviolet completion. However, these same thermal effects exacerbate infrared pathologies and can lead to imaginary contributions to the effective potential, particularly when analysing metastable or multi-vacuum configurations. Additional theoretical challenges, such as gauge dependence and renormalization scale ambiguity, further obscure the precise characterization of the electroweak phase transition even in minimal extensions of the Standard Model (SM). This review presents the theoretical foundations of finite temperature QFT with an emphasis on how different field species respond to thermal effects, identifying the bosonic sector as the primary source of key theoretical subtleties. We focus particularly on the scalar extension of the SM, which offers a compelling framework for realizing first order electroweak phase transitions, electroweak baryogenesis, and accommodating dark matter candidates depending on the underlying symmetry structure.

    hep-phSymmetry(2026)·0 citations
  11. 11*

    Non linear Regge trajectories of quarkonia from holography

    Nelson R. F. Braga🇧🇷 · Yan F. Ferreira🇧🇷

    We propose a holographic model for quarkonia using the WKB approximation with the Langer correction to properly reproduce nonlinear Regge trajectories of the form . This form is expected from previous studies involving the solution of Cornell potential for heavy quark-antiquark interactions using a model based on the quadratic form of the spinless Salpeter-type equation (QSSE). The model fits experimental masses with very good accuracy. The corresponding decay constants also show a reasonable agreement with the results obtained from experimental data.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
  12. 12*

    Dirac neutrinos and gauged lepton number

    A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Andrés Enríquez🇲🇽 · Sergey Kovalenko🇨🇱 · Eduardo Peinado🇲🇽 · Carlos A. Vaquera-Araujo🇲🇽

    We propose the first scotogenic neutrino mass model with gauged lepton number , which is spontaneously broken by three units down to a residual discrete gauge symmetry . The latter guarantees that neutrinos acquire tiny Dirac masses via a one-loop scotogenic mechanism, simultaneously stabilizing the lightest electrically neutral particle with non-trivial charge under the preserved symmetry. In our model there is a scalar particle identified as weakly interacting massive particle dark matter (DM) candidate. We analyzed its compatibility with the existing data on direct DM detection experiments and the DM relic abundance. We also address charged lepton flavor violating decays in our model and find that their predicted rates are within the reach of current experimental sensitivity.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
  13. 13*

    Two-Loop Renormalization-Group Evolution for the Nucleon Distribution Amplitude

    Yong-Kang Huang🇨🇳 · Yao Ji🇨🇳 · Bo-Xuan Shi🇨🇳 · Yu-Ming Wang🇨🇳

    We determine for the first time the two-loop renormalization-group (RG) equation for the nucleon light-cone distribution amplitude, which constitutes the last missing ingredient for the complete next-to-leading-logarithmic corrections to the nucleon form factors in the hard-collinear factorization framework. Applying the conformal expansion for this fundamental nucleon distribution amplitude then enables us to construct an analytic solution that captures the desired scale dependence of phenomenologically interesting series coefficients. Importantly, the two-loop RG evolutions of these central hadronic quantities can bring about noticeable impacts on the corresponding leading-logarithmic results for three sample models of the nucleon distribution amplitude.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lat4 citations
  14. 14*

    Cosmological consequences of spontaneous symmetry breaking

    Giacomo Ferrante🇫🇷

    The Standard Model of particle physics and the CDM model of cosmology provide an incomplete description of our Universe. Both models face challenges, including explaining the nature of dark matter, the origin of the Universe's initial conditions, and the fine-tuning of the Higgs boson mass. This thesis investigates the cosmological implications of spontaneous symmetry breaking to address some of these issues, focusing on theories with a non-trivial vacuum structure. We introduce a novel class of elementary scalars called ''accidents'', which emerge as accidentally flat directions in the vacuum manifold: unlike Nambu-Goldstone boson directions, accident directions are not related to any symmetry. Radiative corrections induce a mass for the accidents that is one-loop suppressed with respect to naive expectations, making them naturally light. We propose that accidents can act as viable dark matter candidates, and as the inflaton driving cosmic inflation. We construct a model of hybrid inflation in which the inflaton potential is an accident direction and is naturally flat. In models of accident inflation where the vacuum manifold has a non-trivial topology, cosmic strings and domain walls form after the end of inflation. Such topological defects generate a stochastic background of gravitational waves. Finally, we investigate the cosmological production of dark magnetic monopoles. Focusing on 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles from SO(3)SO(2) symmetry breaking, we explore both second-order and first-order phase transitions, and we identify the regions of parameter space where the monopole relic density matches the one of dark matter. This model also features stable massive gauge bosons. We find that the relic density of dark gauge bosons is always far larger than the one of monopoles, concluding that dark monopoles cannot constitute a sizeable fraction of dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO0 citations
  15. 15*

    Inhomogeneous instabilities in high-density QCD

    Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Fabian Rennecke🇩🇪 · Franz R. Sattler🇩🇪

    QCD at large densities exhibits a moat regime in the scalar-pseudoscalar sector. The resolution of its dynamics is pivotal for the access to the onset of new phases including the potential critical endpoint of QCD. In this work we present the first selfconsistent analysis of this regime with the functional renormalisation group approach to QCD. We map out the moat regime, including a first analysis of potential inhomogeneous instabilities at baryon chemical potential MeV on the chiral crossover line.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-th20 citations
  16. 16*

    Non-equilibrium Quantum Field Theory and Axion Electrodynamics in curved spacetimes

    Amedeo M. Favitta🇮🇹

    Axions are hypothetical pseudoscalar particles introduced initially as a solution to the Strong CP problem in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), and they also arise naturally in a broad class of low-energy compactifications of string theory. Astrophysical, cosmological, and laboratory constraints require axions to be extremely weakly coupled to Standard Model particles, making them viable dark matter candidates .This PhD thesis presents original results developed over three years of research, focusing on axion cosmology and axion electrodynamics. These topics address the production of axions and their associated topological defects in the early Universe, as well as the interactions of axions with Standard Model particles. The analysis combines methods from non-equilibrium quantum field theory and quantum field theory in curved spacetimes. After reviewing the foundations of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes and cosmology, the thesis introduces the Strong CP problem and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, including the PQWW axion model and its invisible extensions. Ultraviolet completions of QCD axion theories are discussed in both field-theoretic and extra-dimensional frameworks. A significant part of the thesis is devoted to axion electrodynamics, where a classical axion background modifies Maxwell's equations and electromagnetic observables. The non-equilibrium dynamics of self-interacting axion fields coupled to the Standard Model or to a dark sector are also studied using the two-particle-irreducible effective action, and applied to pre- and post-inflationary cosmological scenarios, yielding new insights and preliminary constraints.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO1 citation
  17. 17*

    Relativistic corrections to double meson production in annihilation

    Xiao-Peng Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Jie Li🇨🇳 · Guang-Zhi Xu🇨🇳 · Kui-Yong Liu🇨🇳

    Within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization, we investigate the relativistic corrections to the production of double mesons in annihilation. The study covers center-of-mass energies from the production threshold up to , considering both the photon and -boson propagated processes. We find that the relativistic corrections are significant, with the corresponding factors of approximately 0.6. The azimuthal asymmetry, angular distribution, and transverse momentum distribution are also presented.

    hep-phCPC(2026)·1 citation
  18. 18*

    Order- corrections to heavy quark fragmentation to S-wave heavy quarkonium

    Sai Cui🇨🇳 · Yi-Jie Li🇨🇳 · Guang-Zhi Xu🇨🇳 · Kui-Yong Liu🇨🇳

    Within the framework of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization, we compute the relativistic corrections to the fragmentation of a heavy quark into the color-singlet and quarkonium states. Using the Collins--Soper definition of the fragmentation function, we reproduce the known results. We find that the correction gives a positive contribution relative to the leading order result over a wide range of the light-cone momentum fraction , while its magnitude remains much smaller than that of the correction. This behavior indicates a good convergence of the NRQCD relativistic expansion in this process. We further extend the calculation to the fragmentation functions in the unequal-mass case at and obtain the corresponding analytical expressions.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
  19. 19*

    A possible solution to the gallium anomaly moving beyond the leptonic wave function factorization

    M. Cadeddu🇮🇹 · N. Cargioli🇮🇹 · F. Dordei🇮🇹 · L. Ferro🇮🇹 · C. Giunti🇮🇹 · M. Pitzalis🇮🇹

    For over thirty years, a deficit, now exceeding , has persisted between measured and predicted neutrino capture rates on Ga, as observed in radioactive source experiments (namely GALLEX, SAGE, and more recently BEST) using Cr and Ar. This long-standing discrepancy, referred to as the gallium anomaly, has posed a significant challenge to our understanding of both experimental methods and theoretical predictions. In this work, we revisit the theoretical calculation of the neutrino capture cross-section by moving beyond the standard treatment of the leptonic wave functions, revealing limitations in the commonly used factorization approach based on the detailed balance principle. Incorporating phenomenologically constrained Gamow-Teller transition densities, able to correctly reproduce the precisely measured half-life of , we find that the revised cross-section can be significantly reduced, potentially resolving the gallium anomaly without invoking new physics.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th3 citations
  20. 20*

    Signatures of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves in Electromagnetic Cavities

    Sebastian Schenk🇩🇪 · Kristof Schmieden🇩🇪 · Pedro Schwaller🇩🇪

    Similar to axions, gravitational waves (GW) can induce oscillating electromagnetic fields inside electromagnetic cavities. We explore their experimental sensitivity to monochromatic and non-monochromatic GW signals, using the total deposited energy as a primary measure. Focusing on cylindrical and spherical cavities, we present the coupling coefficients of GWs to the dominant electromagnetic resonances in transverse-traceless gauge, which is most appropriate in this regime. By considering the superposition of degenerate modes, we further examine their angular sensitivity. In addition, we calculate the response of a spherical cavity to non-monochromatic GWs emitted by primordial black hole mergers. We find that, for transient signals, a high quality factor with does not necessarily enhance experimental sensitivity. In fact, even in the most optimistic scenario, only mergers within the solar system yield an observable energy deposit in the cavity.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ex4 citations
  21. 21*

    On the decay of a light spinless particle into two photons

    Ferruccio Feruglio🇮🇹 · Gabriele Levati🇨🇭 · Robert Ziegler🇩🇪

    We analyze the effective couplings of a light, spinless, gauge-singlet particle to on-shell photons. Starting from the most general theory at the electroweak scale, which allows for CP-violating interactions suppressed by inverse powers of an ultraviolet scale , we derive the corresponding low-energy effective theory valid below the GeV scale. Within this framework, we systematically expand the effective couplings of to on-shell photons in powers of small parameters. Working at the one-loop level, we retain terms at first order in . We incorporate both isospin-breaking effects and - mixing, and provide explicit expressions for the couplings up to first order in and . As applications, we compute the decay rate of into two photons and illustrate our results in several physically motivated scenarios.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
  22. 22*

    Quirks Live in Cool Universes

    Pouya Asadi🇺🇸 · Graham D. Kribs🇺🇸 · Markus A. Luty🇺🇸

    We demonstrate that cosmological observations place strong bounds on the reheat temperature of the Standard Model (SM) in minimal models of `quirks' -- heavy fermions transforming under the SM gauge group together with a new non-Abelian gauge interaction with a confinement scale far below the mass of the fermions. These models have unique collider signals associated with the confining flux strings, which cannot break due to the large mass of the quirks. Our work shows that in these models GeV for the entire `quirky' parameter space where the effects of the flux string are important. These bounds are in tension with most models of baryogenesis, showing that the discovery of quirks at colliders can have far-reaching implications for cosmology. The bounds arise because the irreducible relic abundance of glueballs from UV freeze-in, combined with their long lifetimes, leads to constraints from the disruption of BBN, distortions of the CMB, excess -rays, an over-abundance of self-interacting dark matter, and contributions to . The glueball freeze-in abundance has a strong dependence on , making the bounds relatively insensitive to strong interaction uncertainties. The bounds are robust to the SM quantum numbers of the quirks and the presence of Yukawa couplings with the Higgs. In non-minimal extensions of the model where the glueballs can decay to an additional dark sector, the bounds remain for models where the flux string has a macroscopic length at colliders. We also show that for quirk masses above TeV, the dark glueballs can be the dominant component of dark matter. This work illustrates a striking connection between quirky collider signals and cosmological probes of new physics, strengthening the case for targeted quirk searches at colliders.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2026)·3 citations
  23. 23*

    Mass and coupling magnetic field dependence in a scalar theory with charged bosons from an environmentally friendly renormalization group analysis

    Alejandro Ayala🇲🇽 · Flávia Fialho🇧🇷 · Ana Mizher🇧🇷

    We compute the running of the mass of a neutral boson and of its self-coupling in a simple model describing the self-interaction of three scalars, one of them neutral and the other two electrically charged, subject to the effects of a magnetic field, as functions of the field strength, at one-loop order. We resort to the Environmentally Friendly Renormalization Group approach, where the flow variable is taken as that describing the environmental conditions, in this case the strength of the magnetic field. We find the magnetic field dependent mass and coupling beta functions and use them to set up the differential equations satisfied by the neutral scalar mass and coupling. We solve the resulting system of coupled equations both numerically, and also analytically in the small-mass approximation. We find that the neutral scalar mass increases, while the coupling decreases with increasing field strength. The study is intended to set up the ideas to later use them in more sophisticated theories such as QED and QCD.

    hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·3 citations
  24. 24*

    Astrophysical constraints on the cold equation of state of the strongly interacting matter

    Gábor Kasza🇭🇺 · János Takátsy🇭🇺 · György Wolf🇭🇺

    At present, the only experimental access to the properties of cold, dense strongly interacting matter is provided by astrophysical observations. Neutron stars are the only known systems in the Universe that reach densities several times higher than normal nuclear density at nearly zero temperature, making them unique laboratories for studying dense matter. Since most neutron star observables are sensitive to the equation of state (EOS), observational data place stringent constraints on the EOS of strongly interacting matter. In this work, we investigate constraints arising from perturbative QCD calculations at asymptotically high densities (), the mass of the heaviest observed neutron star (a black widow pulsar), NICER mass-radius measurements, and the tidal deformability inferred from the binary neutron star merger GW170817. We parametrize the EOS and allow its parameters to vary freely, using observational data to constrain the admissible parameter space. We find that neutron star observations significantly restrict the EOS of dense strongly interacting matter. While NICER has already provided measurements for five pulsars, the associated uncertainties remain relatively large. Within our modeling framework, we find that the existence of very massive neutron stars and constraints on the tidal deformability provide the most restrictive constraints on the EOS.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thEur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. "High density nu…·2 citations
  25. 25*

    Dissipative cosmology with from the first law of thermodynamics

    Nobuyoshi Komatsu🇯🇵

    We phenomenologically derive a cosmological model that includes both a cosmological constant term and a dissipative driving term by applying both the first law of thermodynamics and an effective entropy (that is proportional to the Bekenstein--Hawking entropy) to matter creation cosmology. Here , , and are the Hubble parameter, the time derivative of , and a non-negative dimensionless coefficient used for the effective entropy, respectively. The dissipative term is proportional to the Ricci scalar curvature, suggesting that the dynamic creation pressure has the same dependence. We examine the model's background evolution in the late universe and its horizon thermodynamics. The present model supports a transition from a decelerating universe to an accelerating universe when .The second law of thermodynamics is always satisfied on the horizon, and maximization of entropy is satisfied in the final stage. In addition, we study first-order density perturbations related to structure formation, by applying a neo-Newtonian approach to the present model. We then examine constraints on the present model using three types of observational data and the transitional and thermodynamic constraints and find that a weakly dissipative universe with is likely favored and consistent with our Universe. We also discuss irreversible entropy due to adiabatic particle creation, assuming a holographic-like matter creation cosmology.

    gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph1 citation
  26. 26*

    Synthesis of a high intensity, superthermal muonium beam for gravity and laser spectroscopy experiments

    Jesse Zhang🇨🇭 · Aldo Antognini🇨🇭 · Marek Bartkowiak🇨🇭 · Klaus Kirch🇨🇭 · Andreas Knecht🇨🇭 · Damian Goeldi🇨🇭 · David Taqqu🇨🇭 · Robert Waddy🇨🇭 · Frederik Wauters🇩🇪 · Paul Wegmann🇨🇭 · Anna Soter🇨🇭

    The universality of free fall, a cornerstone of Einstein's theory of gravity, has so far only been tested with neutral composite states of first-generation Standard Model (SM) particles, such as atoms or neutrons, and, most recently, antihydrogen. Extending these gravitational measurements to other sectors of the SM requires the formation of neutral bound states using higher-generation, unstable particles. Muonium, the bound state of an antimuon () and an electron (), offers the possibility to probe gravity with second-generation (anti)leptons, in the absence of the strong interaction. However, the short lifetime (s) and the existing diffuse thermal muonium sources rendered such measurements unfeasible. Here, we report the synthesis of a high-brightness muonium beam, extracted from a thin layer of superfluid helium by exploiting its chemical potential and unique transport properties. The mean longitudinal velocity () and narrow distribution () of the atoms characterise a superthermal beam, while yields are similar to the highest intensity diffuse sources. This new beam is expected to enable muonium interferometry and a percent-level measurement of its gravitational acceleration, providing the first direct test of the Weak Equivalence Principle with second-generation (anti)matter. Its unprecedented brightness also opens the way to sub-kHz 1S-2S spectroscopy, enabling precise determination of the muon mass and stringent tests of bound-state quantum electrodynamics.

    physics.atom-phgr-qchep-ph1 citation
  27. 27*

    Microlensing Black Hole Shadows-II: Constraining Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter using the photon rings of M87 and Sgr A*

    Himanshu Verma🇺🇸 · Priyanka Sarmah🇹🇼 · Joseph Silk🇫🇷 · Kingman Cheung🇹🇼

    The resolution of photon rings of Sgr~A and M87 is the next milestone of upcoming EHT-like interferometries. We extend the formalism developed in our previous work~\cite{Verma:2023hes} to constrain primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter using microlensing-induced distortions of black hole shadows. Building upon the theoretical framework for microlensing of photon rings, we apply this methodology to both Sgr A* and M87, considering multiple PBH populations: (i) PBH dark matter spikes around central supermassive black holes, (ii) NFW halo contributions in the Milky Way and M87 galaxies, and (iii) foreground Milky Way PBH dark matter affecting M87* observations. The microlensing signal manifests as a time-dependent asymmetry and deformation of the photon ring, providing the most sensitive observable for lensing effects. We assess the detectability of these signatures with future EHT-like interferometers. Our analysis reveals that M87* provides the strongest constraints on PBH dark matter. We show that the absence of photon-ring asymmetries in observations with angular resolution of order can constrain PBHs in the mass range , with maximal sensitivity near , for PBH dark matter fractions as small as .

    astro-ph.GAhep-ph0 citations
  28. 28*

    Status of the Muon g-2/EDM Experiment at J-PARC

    Graziano Venanzoni🇬🇧

    The Muon g-2/EDM Experiment at J-PARC will employ a novel way to measure the muon magnetic anomaly, a_mu = (g-2)_mu/2, by using a low-emittance beam of positive muons stored in a compact muon storage magnet. The experimental method includes new technologies such as a three-dimensional spiral injection, an MRI-type storage magnet with superb field uniformity, and a positron tracking detector. The expected systematic uncertainty will be at the same level as that of the Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment, providing an important cross-check of the "storage-ring method" employed at BNL and Fermilab. I will present the current status of the experiment, ongoing tests and design optimizations, and the plans for improvements of the experimental precision.

    hep-exhep-phPoS(2026)·5 citations
  29. 29*

    Leading order effective operators in quantum gravity

    Tommaso Antonelli🇬🇧 · Xavier Calmet🇬🇧 · Stephen D. H. Hsu🇺🇸

    We explore the nature of higher dimensional operators generated by quantum gravity. Calculating the tree-level and one-loop effective operators generated by graviton exchange between fields of the standard model and those of a hidden sector, we show that the leading order operators generated by quantum gravity are non-local dimension 6 operators. Dimension 5 operators are not generated by perturbative (weak field) effects, although they might be generated by strong field effects such as Planck-scale fluctuations in spacetime. We investigate the consequences of our findings for models of ultralight scalar dark matter.

    hep-thgr-qchep-phPLB(2026)·0 citations
  30. 30*

    Studying nuclear medium modification using the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule

    A. Deur🇺🇸 · M. M. Dalton🇺🇸 · S. Širca🇸🇮

    The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule is a generic relation that has been used to make significant contributions to research in hadronic physics. It connects the spin-dependent cross-section for photoproduction off a particle to the squared ratio of the particle's anomalous magnetic moment and its mass, . Thus, for a nucleon embedded in a nucleus, the sum rule relates the cross-section to averaged quadratically over the nucleons comprising the nucleus. This quadratic averaging can be used to constrain the mechanism responsible for the medium modification of the nucleon. We also point out that the global properties of the embedded nucleon like its axial charge, mass or magnetic moment are observables measurable through sum rules.

    nucl-thhep-phPLB(2026)·1 citation
  31. 31*

    Finite parts of inflationary loops II: A streamlined UV in-in algorithm and distinguishable signatures

    Guillermo Ballesteros🇪🇸 · Jesús Gambín Egea🇪🇸 · Flavio Riccardi🇮🇹

    We introduce a streamlined method for evaluating in-in loop integrals using dimensional regularization for diagrams with an arbitrary number of external legs and vertices, which complements earlier work and facilitates the extraction of the ultraviolet contributions. The method leads us to identify an apparent difficulty to renormalize with Hamiltonian counterterms within the in-in formalism. We also discuss the importance of the finite parts of loop corrections that can be distinguished from their associated counterterm contributions. As an application, we examine the one-loop primordial bispectrum in the context of the effective field theory of inflation, considering a specific set of interactions, and identifying a contribution distinguishable from its tree-level counterpart.

    hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2026)·6 citations
  32. 32*

    Dynamical Dark Energy models in light of the latest observations

    Javier de Cruz Pérez🇪🇸 · Adrià Gómez-Valent🇪🇸 · Joan Solà Peracaula🇪🇸

    In this paper, we study several models and parameterizations of dynamical dark energy (DE) that have been studied already in the past, in conjunction with the recently proposed model XCDM, the running vacuum model (RVM) with and without a threshold at and two variants of it, the RRVM and the ``flipped RVM'', and compare them all with the concordance CDM model and the popular CDM parameterization. We use two standard sets of cosmological data, one including distant supernovae from Pantheon and the other from DES-Y5. The rest of the data (BAO from DESI DR2 and CMB from Planck PR4) are shared by the two sets. They are analyzed using the state-of-the-art techniques. No structure formation data are utilized for this analysis and no use is made of the SH0ES calibration of . Even so, we find that the flipped RVM and to a lesser extent the XCDM and the RVM with threshold, point to significant evidence of dynamical DE, at a level comparable to CDM, more conspicuously for the dataset that involves DES-Y5 observations. We also find that while more traditional models studied in the past, in which there is an exchange between vacuum energy and cold dark matter (through e.g. an interactive source proportional either to the density of dark matter or to that of vacuum) still hint at dynamical DE, the strength of the statistical signal (which we assess through information criteria and other estimators) is nevertheless less pronounced. Finally, we discuss the ability of the various models to explain the data by performing an analysis of their effective equation-of-state parameters and corresponding evolution of their dark energy densities.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·20 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.