Mon·Dec 15, 2025Monday·December 15, 2025

1. 01*

   TeV Scale Quark-Lepton Unification

   K.S. Babu🇺🇸 · Sumit Biswas🇺🇸 · Shaikh Saad🇸🇮

   We propose a quark-lepton symmetric Pati-Salam (PS) model based on the gauge group $SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times SU(4{)}_C$ with an $E_6$-inspired particle spectrum which naturally accommodates a multi-TeV leptoquark gauge boson $X_{\mu }(3,1,\frac{2}{3})$. A softly broken $Z_2$ symmetry plays a crucial role in realizing this scenario, under which the Standard Model (SM) fermions are even, while new vector-like fermions present in the model are odd. A notable feature of this model is that the PS gauge boson $X_{\mu }$ itself is $Z_2$-odd, causing it to couple exclusively between SM fermions and the vector-like fermions, except in the right-handed down-quark sector, where mixing is induced by the soft breaking of $Z_2$. This structure leads to helicity suppression of tree-level meson decays mediated by $X_{\mu }$, with helicity-unsuppressed contributions arising only via one-loop diagrams. We show that $X_{\mu }$ can be as light as 1.1 TeV while being compatible with all flavor-violating constraints. However, mass relations among the $(W_{\mu }^{\prime \pm },Z_{\mu }^{\prime },X_{\mu })$ gauge bosons push the $X_{\mu }$ mass limit up to 4.3 TeV from the stringent LHC bounds on the $Z^{\prime }$ mass. This comparatively low PS-breaking scale opens up promising collider opportunities for probing the leptoquark gauge boson, as well as the distinctive signature of vector-like down-type quarks carrying an unusual baryon number of $2/3$. The model can be further tested via lepton flavor-violating processes induced by the leptoquark gauge boson, such as $\mu \to e\gamma$, $\mu \to eee$, and $\mu$-$e$ conversion in nuclei. Neutrino masses arise in the model through dimension-seven operators at tree-level, as well as from dimension-five operators via one-loop diagrams.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Structure and Formation of the Deeply Bound $\bar{p}$ atoms

   Nobuhide Miyazaki🇯🇵 · Junko Yamagata-Sekihara🇯🇵 · Satoru Hirenzaki🇯🇵

   We study theoretically the structure and formation of the deeply bound $\bar{p}$ atoms. We find that the widths of the atomic states are narrower than the level spacing even for deeply bound states so that the well-isolated deeply bound $\bar{p}$ atoms are expected to exist. We also find the $\bar{p}$-nuclear states with huge widths. For the observation of the deep $\bar{p}$-atomic states, we investigate theoretically the $(\bar{p},p)$ reactions for ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{16}$O, and ${}^{31}$P target nuclei. We find that the momentum transfer of the $(\bar{p},p)$ reaction is small and the formation of the $\bar{p}$-atomic states can be observed as the discrete peak structures in the $(\bar{p},p)$ spectrum. We conclude that the $(\bar{p},p)$ reactions are very much suited for the $\bar{p}$ atom formation and the spectra of the reaction are expected to provide new valuable information on the $\bar{p}$ atoms and $\bar{p}$-nucleus interaction.

   hep-phnucl-thPTEP(2026)·0 citations
3. 03*

   JUNO's Impact on the Neutrino Mass Ordering from Lorentz Invariance Violation

   Tatiana Araya-Santander🇨🇱 · Cesar Bonilla🇨🇱 · Supriya Pan🇮🇳

   We explore the potential of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to probe new physics by searching for Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV). Using the 59.1-day dataset recently released by this experiment, we analyze neutrino oscillations to place new constraints on the LIV parameters in the CPT-even ($c_{ee}-c_{e\mu }$, $c_{ee}-c_{e\tau }$) and CPT-odd ($a_{ee}-a_{e\mu }$, $a_{ee}-a_{e\tau }$) sectors. Our analysis reveals a significant shift in the oscillation parameter space of ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12}-\Delta m_{21}^2$ when LIV is included; with the best-fit point for normal ordering moving to the higher values of the solar angle ${\theta }_{12}$, a strong preference emerges for inverted mass ordering. In particular, the $c_{ee}-c_{e\tau }$ and $a_{ee}-a_{e\tau }$ sectors show the most pronounced effects. We report the most stringent bounds from JUNO to date on these LIV parameters, showcasing the detector's unique sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model.

   hep-phhep-ex5 citations
4. 04*

   Concurrence fill and mode distribution of entanglement in neutrino oscillation

   Rajrupa Banerjee🇮🇳 · Prasanta K. Panigrahi🇮🇳 · Hiranmaya Mishra🇮🇳 · Sudhanwa Patra🇮🇳

   In the framework of three flavor neutrino oscillation, we demonstrate that the measures of entanglement can be expressed in terms of experimentally accessible appearance and disappearance probabilities. We explicitly show here that the genuine tripartite entanglement measure, i.e., the tangle vanishes identically for all flavors signifying that three flavor neutrino system form a W-type entangled state. Further, we investigate alternative measures of tripartite entanglement like the partial tangle and the concurrence fill which capture the total sharing of entanglement beyond pairwise correlations. In terms of bipartite and bi-partitioned entanglement measures, we derive the symmetric invariant and the concurrence fill, which quantify the distributed entanglement completely expressible in terms of flavor transition probabilities. These entanglement measures display distinct energy dependent patterns across the oscillation window which can be experimentally accessible in the long baseline experiments like DUNE providing an alternative quantum information perspective on flavor evolution. We use GLobal Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (\textsf{GLoBES}) simulations within the DUNE set up to investigate these tripartite entanglement measures in terms of neutrino energy and the length of the baseline. It is observed that, at the point of maximal mixing, these measures show near maximal entanglement between the muon and the tau flavor modes establishing entanglement monogamy. Within the DUNE set up, the wide band of energy and expected higher sensitivity to CP-violation at second oscillation maximum provide a unique advantage to explore the quantum correlation effects across a broader energy window.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Probing Vector-Like Quarks at a future Muon-Proton Collider

   Mudassar Hussain🇵🇰 · Ijaz Ahmed🇵🇰 · Tayyab Javaid🇵🇰 · Haroon Saghir · Jamil Muhammad🇰🇷

   This study investigates the discovery potential of a singly produced vector-like top quark ($T$) at a future muon-proton collider with center-of-mass energies of 5.29, 6.48, and 9.16~TeV using a model-independent effective Lagrangian consistent with CKM and electroweak constraints. The $T$ quark predominantly decays into $Wb$, with production cross sections peaking at 9.16~TeV and decreasing above 3~TeV due to parton distribution functions (PDFs) and phase-space suppression. Sensitivity is enhanced through optimized kinematic selections, with the hadronic channel providing higher event rates due to the larger hadronic branching fraction of the $W$ boson, while the leptonic channel offers a cleaner background environment. At an integrated luminosity of 3000~fb${}^{-1}$, a 3~TeV $T$ quark can be observed with statistical significances of $21.86\sigma$ and $3.75\sigma$ in the hadronic and leptonic channels, respectively. A machine-learning analysis employing a Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) and a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is performed at 9.16~TeV for $m_T=3000$~GeV using $S/B$ and $S/\sqrt{S+B}$ as performance metrics. The MLP consistently outperforms the BDT, achieving a hadronic purity gain of approximately 2.62 while maintaining stable performance across all luminosities. These results demonstrate that a future muon-proton collider can probe vector-like $T$ quark masses up to approximately 3.5~TeV, significantly extending the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.

   hep-ph1 citation
6. 06*

   An anlaysis on $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0{\gamma }^{\ast }$ within resonance chiral theory

   Yi-Hao Zhang🇨🇳 · Shao-Zhou Jiang🇨🇳 · Ling-Yun Dai🇨🇳

   In this study, we analyze the first measurement of the electron-positron invariant mass spectrum in $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ by BESIII, using the framework of resonance chiral theory. Our results indicate that both strong interaction and electromagnetic transition are essential to accurately describe the data. We obtain the ${\pi }^0$ transition form factor for $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0{\gamma }^{\ast }$ and the corresponding decay branching ratios for $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0{l}^{+}{l}^{-}$. The decay process $J/\psi \to {\pi }^{0}V$ is also examined. It is found that $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0{\rho }^0$ is dominated by the strong interaction, while the other two channels, $J/\psi \to {\pi }^0\omega$ and ${\pi }^0\varphi$, arise primarily from electromagnetic transitions.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2026)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Lindblad-driven recombination of the X(3872) tetraquark

   Néstor Armesto🇪🇸 · Miguel Ángel Escobedo🇪🇸 · Elena G. Ferreiro🇪🇸 · Víctor López-Pardo🇪🇸

   The internal structure of the exotic meson X(3872) remains an open question. We investigate its production in heavy-ion collisions under the hypothesis that it is a compact tetraquark. To this end, we derive a coalescence model from the Lindblad equation, assuming that unbound heavy quarks are thermalized within the quark-gluon plasma and that the adiabatic approximation holds. Using this model, we predict the nuclear modification factor of the X(3872) at LHC energies, with proton-proton baseline cross sections estimated from available experimental data. We also consider the effect of simplifying assumptions on the model, and a complementary approach based on chemical equilibration. Our results indicate that recombination is the dominant production mechanism for a tetraquark X(3872). It leads to a significant yield enhancement in heavy-ion collisions, suggesting that the nuclear modification factor is a powerful observable for probing the exotic nature of this state

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
8. 08*

   Heavy-quark contributions to the DIS structure functions $F_4$ and $F_5$ at NLO in the ACOT scheme

   Edoardo Spezzano🇩🇪 · Tomas Jezo🇩🇪 · Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Peter Risse🇺🇸 · Ingo Schienbein🇫🇷

   We compute the contributions of heavy quarks to the deep-inelastic scattering structure functions $F_4$ and $F_5$ at next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD in the ACOT scheme. Both analytic results including the details of the calculation as well as numerical results for the neutral and charged current cases are presented. Our study thus lays the groundwork for future measurements of these two structure functions in experiments such as the SHiP experiment.

   hep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Hidden self-energy contributions of collinear functions in SCET

   Geoffrey T. Bodwin🇺🇸 · June-Haak Ee🇺🇸 · Daekyoung Kang🇨🇳 · Xiang-Peng Wang🇨🇳

   The LSZ reduction formula requires one to identify and amputate complete propagators on external legs of a Green's function and to evaluate complete two-point functions in the mass-shell limit. Motivated by these requirements, we analyze quark self-energy contributions on external legs in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). We examine an operator basis that follows directly from full quantum chromodynamics (QCD) (upon application of the SCET equations of motion to express small Dirac components in terms of large Dirac components). We find that, for this basis, the self-energy contributions can be identified from their diagrammatic topologies, as in full QCD. However, for an alternative operator basis that is obtained from the direct-QCD basis by an application of Wilson-line identities, interactions are shifted from a covariant derivative to a Wilson line. Consequently, some self-energy contributions are hidden in diagrams involving Wilson lines, making their identification subtle. We find that the hidden self-energy contributions to the two-point function are ill-defined in the mass-shell limit, making their computation problematic. We introduce a generalization of the LSZ formula that allows one to make different choices for the complete propagator and that compensates for those choices through the factor that arises from the on-shell residue of the two-point function. We use this generalization to explore, in both SCET operator bases, various options for using the LSZ formula to construct the $S$-matrix.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    $a_0(980)$ production, triangle singularity, and non-$\varphi$ background in the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\pi }^0$ reaction

    Hai-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · Chu-Wen Xiao🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

    We study the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\pi }^0$ reaction measured recently by the BESIII collaboration with high precision, paying attention to three important aspects: 1) The production of the $a_0(980)$ in the ${\pi }^0\eta$ mass distributions, with the typical narrow width observed in isospin violating processes; 2) The origin of two peaks in the $\varphi {\pi }^0$ mass distributions that were branded as ``non $\varphi$" contribution in the experimental analysis; 3) The existence of two triangle mechanisms developing a triangle sigularity at the same energy where the ``non $\varphi$" contribution peaks in the experiment. However, we also show that the strength of these peaks is very small relative to the observed ones, a feature which is tied to the experimental technique used to identify the $\varphi$ looking at $K^{+}{K}^{-}$ in a narrow window of invariant mass around the $\varphi$ mass. We suggest that these triangle singularities could be observed with other methods to identify the $\varphi$.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
11. 11*

    Order statistics for multijet events

    G. Chachamis🇵🇹 · A. Sabio Vera🇪🇸 · D. Vaccaro🇵🇹

    We show that rank-ordered jet rapidity distributions - a direct application of order statistics - provide a simple yet powerful probe of high-energy (small-x) QCD dynamics at the LHC. In inclusive dijet topologies at s^(1/2) = 8 and 13 TeV, with realistic jet selections, we compare a BFKL-based Monte Carlo (BFKLex) to two general-purpose event generators based on collinear factorization and DGLAP parton showers, PYTHIA8 (pT-ordered) and HERWIG7 (angular-ordered). Even when two underlying dynamics happen to give similar inclusive jet rapidity distributions, such observables are too coarse to discriminate their underlying rapidity point processes, whereas the rank-ordered distributions remain sensitive to the differences in how rapidity space is filled. For fixed multiplicity (N=3) and for the second-most-forward/backward jets across multiplicities, BFKLex populates the rapidity interval more democratically, whereas the general-purpose event generators exhibit comparatively stronger edge enhancement for N=3 and narrower, more centrally concentrated distributions for the second-most ranks. These shape differences are stable under variations of jet radius, proton PDFs, and MPI/hadronization settings, and persist when requiring large rapidity separation between the outer jets. Rank-ordered rapidities thus compress genuinely exclusive information about the multi-jet final state into one-dimensional, normalized histograms that are directly measurable with existing dijet and Mueller-Navelet selections and provide a new handle on high-energy radiation patterns.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Renormalization of mixing angles and computation of the hadronic $W$ decay widths

    Simonas Draukšas🇱🇹

    We provide a practical prescription for a variant of the On-Shell scheme which does not require mixing matrix counterterms at all, i.e. $\delta V=0$. The scheme is based on the fact that one can always choose a basis in which there are no mixing matrices (angles) and, therefore, the corresponding counterterms are superfluous. Importantly, the prescription is model- and process-independent and is formulated entirely in terms of self-energies. As an example, we compute the 1-loop hadronic $W$-boson decay widths in the Standard Model with different renormalization schemes of the quark mixing matrix found in the literature and the one found in this paper. For full consistency, the principles of this scheme are employed both for the quark mixing matrix and for the Weinberg angle.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    The quantum evolutions of the diffractive transverse-momentum dependent gluon distribution

    E. Iancu🇫🇷 · D.N. Triantafyllopoulos🇮🇹 · S.Y. Wei🇨🇳 · F. Yuan🇺🇸

    Using the Colour Glass Condensate description of electron-nucleus collisions at high energy, we study the diffractive production of a pair of jets with transverse momenta much larger than the nuclear saturation momentum $Q_s$. At leading order in the QCD coupling, the di-jet cross-section exhibits transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) factorisation, with a gluon diffractive TMD distribution (DTMD) which is controlled by gluon saturation and describes the transverse-momentum imbalance between the produced jets. The next-to-leading corrections generate the various quantum evolutions of the diffractive gluon distribution. We focus on the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) evolution which describes the change in the gluon DTMD when increasing the ''hard scale'' (the typical transverse momentum of the di-jets). We consider two different representations for this equation, one in transverse-momentum space, the other one in transverse-coordinate space. They are not fully equivalent with each other (despite being related by a Fourier transform) because of the respective boundary conditions. These conditions encode the essential physics of gluon saturation together with the effects of two other types of quantum evolution: the BK/JIMWLK evolution over the rapidity gap (''inside the Pomeron'') and the DGLAP evolution outside the rapidity gap (''within the diffractive system''). We demonstrate that, due to gluon saturation, one can compute both the boundary conditions and the CSS solutions fully from first principles, without reference to non-perturbative physics. We numerically find a good agreement between the CSS solutions in the two aforementioned representations.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
14. 14*

    Determination of $B$-meson distribution amplitudes from $B\to \pi ,K,D$ transition form factors

    Dong-Hao Li🇨🇳 · Cai-Dian Lü🇨🇳 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Jing Gao🇩🇪

    Recent work on $B\to \pi$, $K$ and $B\to D$ form factors from lattice QCD and light-cone sum rules has made it possible to constrain the inverse moment ${\lambda }_B$ of the $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes by performing a global fit of $B\to \pi ,K,D$ form factors. We have compiled the $B\to \pi ,K,D$ form factors calculated by the HPQCD, MILC, and RBC/UKQCD collaborations in the large $q^2$ region. By employing an three-parameter ansatz of the $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes, we express the $B\to \pi ,K,D$ form factors at $q^2=0$ that are calculated from light-cone sum rules, in terms of the inverse moment ${\lambda }_B$ of the leading-twist $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude. In the $B\to \pi \ell \nu$ channel, we also include the available $q^2$-binned experimental data from the BaBar, Belle, and Belle~II collaborations. Using the Bourrely-Caprini-Lellouch parametrization, we perform a global fit and obtain ${\lambda }_B=217(19{)}_{-17}^{+82}$~MeV and $|V_{\text{ub}}|=3.68(13{)}_{-1}^{+0}\times 10^{-3}$. The second uncertainty is obtained by constraining ${\lambda }_B>200$ MeV and varying the inverse logarithmic moments ${\hat{\sigma }}_1\in [-0.7,0.7]$ and ${\hat{\sigma }}_2\in [-6,6]$, which represents the model-dependent uncertainty from the $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes. When taking into account ${\lambda }_B$ and ${\hat{\sigma }}_1$ as fitting parameters simultaneously, the intervals of our preditions are ${\lambda }_B=[208,324]$~MeV and ${\hat{\sigma }}_1=[-0.7,0.27]$.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Characterizing LHC-Resonances in extended HEFT: information on the nature of extended scalar sectors

    Giorgio Arcadi🇮🇹 · David Cabo-Almeida🇮🇹 · Florian Goertz🇩🇪 · Maya Hager🇩🇪

    In theories with extended scalar sectors the lightest new scalar degree of freedom might be accessible at colliders. Going beyond simplified models, such a theory can be described in a gauge-invariant and agnostic way via an EFT with a non-linearly realized electroweak symmetry. In this extended HEFT, depending on the $SU(2)$ nature of the new scalar in the UV, operators will be suppressed by different powers of a heavy mass scale. We use dimensional analysis to systematically evaluate expected hierarchies between Wilson coefficients, leading to structural relations between potential LHC observables, such as di-boson resonances, tau pair production or the di-photon channel. Once future collider data reveals a hint of a new scalar field, it can be fitted to this extended HEFT and such a structural analysis will help interpret it with respect to possible UV models, circumventing the need to individually test each possible model on the data or to fix the $SU(2)$ representation of the new scalar beforehand. For illustration, the framework is applied to the tentative 95 GeV resonance. In addition to its usefulness for collider physics, the extended HEFT can also be beneficial for low-energy observables, allowing to describe new scalars in an agnostic way.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th0 citations
16. 16*

    From DGLAP to Sudakov: Precision Predictions for Energy-Energy Correlators

    Max Jaarsma🇳🇱 · Yibei Li🇩🇪 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Wouter J. Waalewijn🇳🇱 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    Correlations in the distribution of energy produced in collider experiments provide a snapshot of the microscopic dynamics of QCD, and its evolution from asymptotically free quarks and gluons, to confined hadrons. There has recently been considerable progress in the interpretation and precision calculation of these correlations, using a specific class of observables called energy correlators (EECs). These observables are most cleanly studied in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions, where they can be measured over their full angular range. Of particular interest are kinematic limits of the correlator, both collinear, and back-to-back, where the correlator exhibits scaling behaviors governed by specific operators in QCD. Resolving these scalings requires measurements with exceptional angular resolution, which can be achieved by performing measurements on tracks (charged particles). In this paper we perform the first calculation of the track-based EEC over its entire kinematic range, achieving a record precision of of NNLL (collinear) + NNLO (fixed order) + NNNNLL (back-to-back) for the track-based EEC, and additionally incorporate the leading non-perturbative corrections and their resummation, including the Collins-Soper kernel computed using lattice QCD. We describe the breadth of physics probed by this observable, and highlight the impact of different components of our factorization theorem on the final distribution. Combined with recent measurements of the track-based EEC with archival LEP data, our calculation initiates the precision study of track-based observables at LEP, which will lead to new insights into the dynamics of QCD, and the precision extraction of its underlying parameters.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+124 citations
17. 17*

    Directional dead-cone effect in QCD matter

    João Barata🇨🇭 · Matvey V. Kuzmin🇪🇸 · Xoán Mayo López🇪🇸 · Andrey V. Sadofyev🇵🇹 · Carlos A. Salgado🇪🇸

    We consider the propagation of heavy quarks through a dense, hydrodynamically flowing QCD medium, representative of the quark-gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Working in the high-energy limit, we identify two novel mass-dependent effects arising from the heavy quark coupling to the local medium flow. The first is the emergence of a tensorial jet transport coefficient, ${\hat{q}}_{ij}$, which encodes the directional structure of transverse-momentum broadening. The second, named the directional dead-cone effect, corresponds to an anisotropic suppression of medium-induced radiation aligned with the hydrodynamic flow. We discuss how these effects manifest in jet observables and identify distinctive signature of heavy quark dynamics in an evolving medium.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-th5 citations
18. 18*

    Renormalization Group Evolution for In-medium Energy Correlators

    Weiyao Ke🇨🇳 · Bianka Mecaj🇺🇸 · Ivan Vitev🇺🇸

    We present a first-principles analysis of the renormalization group (RG) evolution of the two-point energy-energy correlator (EEC) in light-quark and gluon jets propagating through nuclear matter. Our work focuses on the analytic structure of the RG equations in the thin-medium regime, highlighting how collinear emissions in the presence of a dense QCD medium reshape the EEC observables. We work in the opacity expansion of the SCET${}_{\mathrm{G}}$ formalism, where the propagating quarks and gluons interact with the medium via Glauber gluon exchanges. We compute the corresponding one-loop jet functions using the medium-induced splitting kernels at first order in opacity and perform resummation at leading logarithmic (LL) order. In particular, we identify an experimentally accessible regime of jet energies and EEC angles where one can directly investigate the medium-induced scale evolution and extract the corresponding opacity-one correction to the anomalous dimensions. Furthermore, we demonstrate analytically, using the method of regions, the Coulomb-logarithmic enhancement regulated by plasma screening for EEC. We compare our theoretical predictions with experimental data in $p$-Pb collisions and make projections for O-O collisions to test whether energy correlators could serve as sensitive probe of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) dynamics in small collision systems, offering a robust and model-independent avenue for constraining jet evolution in QCD matter.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2026)·13 citations
19. 19*

    Machine Learning

    Javier M. Duarte🇺🇸 · Uros Seljak🇺🇸 · Kazu Terao🇺🇸

    This chapter gives an overview of the core concepts of machine learning (ML) -- the use of algorithms that learn from data, identify patterns, and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed -- that are relevant to particle physics with some examples of applications to the energy, intensity, cosmic, and accelerator frontiers.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phhep-th2 citations
20. 20*

    Insights for Early Dark Energy with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

    Christopher Cook🇺🇸 · Joel Meyers🇺🇸

    Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), as one of the earliest processes in the universe accessible to direct observation, offers a powerful and independent probe of the cosmic expansion history. With recent advances in both theory and observation, including efficient and flexible BBN codes, percent-level measurements of primordial deuterium and helium-4 abundances, refined measurements of nuclear reaction rates, and precise determinations of the baryon density from the cosmic microwave background, particularly keen insights can be gained from BBN. In this work, we leverage these developments to place model-independent constraints on deviations from the Standard Model expansion history during BBN. Using the latest abundance data, we apply principal component analysis to identify the most constrained and physically meaningful modes of expansion history variation. This approach allows us to impose the most general constraints on early dark energy during the epoch of BBN. We further examine whether general modifications to the expansion rate could alleviate the long-standing lithium problem. Our results demonstrate that BBN, sharpened by modern data and statistical techniques, remains an indispensable probe of dark energy and new physics in the early universe.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·3 citations
21. 21*

    CANTON-$\mu$ Proposal: A Next-Generation Muon $g-2$ Measurement at Sub-0.1 ppm Precision

    Ce Zhang🇬🇧 · Yu Xu🇨🇳 · On Kim🇺🇸 · Bingzhi Li🇨🇳 · Zejia Lu🇨🇳 · Saskia Charity🇬🇧 · Guodong Shen🇨🇳 · Liangwen Chen🇨🇳 · Fedor Ignatov🇬🇧 · Liang Li🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳 · Xueheng Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhiyu Sun🇨🇳

    We propose a next-generation precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) at the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou, China. We refer to this proposed experimental programme as CANTON-$\mu$ (Coherent Anomalous magNetic momenT ObservatioN with muon). HIAF's intense, pulsed GeV-scale muon beams, particularly for negative muons, provide a promising basis for this programme. Building on two previously proposed storage-ring concepts, this work develops HIAF-specific experimental schemes that relax the conventional magic-momentum constraint and allow greater flexibility in the choice of beam momentum. We assess the expected muon intensity at HIAF and the corresponding statistical sensitivity. For each scheme, we identify its distinctive systematic effects, examine feasible control strategies, and propose quantitative systematic-uncertainty targets. Together, the statistical projections and systematic-uncertainty targets indicate prospective total precisions of 0.1 ppm in Phase-I, comparable to the current Fermilab precision, with the potential to reach the 0.05 ppm level in in Phase-II following the planned HIAF upgrade. At the ultimate projected precision, the measurement would provide a stringent test of the Standard Model and probe new physics at multi-TeV scales. A focus on negative-muon measurements would enable direct comparison with existing high-precision positive-muon results and strengthen tests of CPT symmetry in the muon sector within the Standard-Model Extension, with a projected sensitivity at the $10^{-24}$ GeV level, an order of magnitude beyond current limits.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph2 citations
22. 22*

    Uniformly transcendental bases for protected two-point functions

    Marco S. Bianchi🇨🇱

    The perturbative expansion of two-point functions of lowest dimension supersymmetric operators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM and ABJM theory exhibits uniform transcendental weight. Inspired by this, we construct an explicit basis of uniformly transcendental master integrals for these correlators, through four loops in four and three loops in three dimensions. In terms of these bases, the two-point functions simplify to rational linear combinations. Conversely, such explicit bases of uniformly transcendental integrals can be useful for other applications.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
23. 23*

    One-loop power spectrum corrections in interacting dark energy cosmologies

    Emanuelly Silva🇧🇷 · Gabriel Hartmann🇧🇷 · Rafael C. Nunes🇧🇷

    Interacting Dark Energy (IDE) models offer a promising avenue to explore possible exchanges of energy and momentum between dark matter and dark energy, providing a dynamical extension of the standard $\Lambda$CDM paradigm. Such interactions modify the growth of cosmic structures, imprinting distinctive signatures on the matter power spectrum that can be tested through large-scale structure (LSS) observations. In this work, we compute the one-loop corrections to the matter power spectrum in IDE models. We then reinterpret these results within the standard framework of the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure (EFTofLSS), which provides a consistent description of mildly non-linear scales and allows for reliable comparisons with observational data. We investigate two commonly studied forms of the coupling function, $Q$, namely $Q=\xi \mathcal{H}{\rho }_{\mathrm{m}}$ and $Q=\xi \mathcal{H}{\rho }_{\mathrm{DE}}$, and introduce a novel interaction term, $Q=\Gamma {\rho }_{\mathrm{m}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{DE}}{\theta }_{\mathrm{m}}$, characterized by the non-linear coupling constant $\Gamma$, which links the interaction strength to the velocity divergence of dark matter. This coupling function is proposed to isolate the effects solely of the IDE model on mildly non-linear scales. Using Full-Shape (FS) measurements of the galaxy power spectrum from BOSS DR12, we constrain the interaction rate $\Gamma$, the cosmological parameters, and the bias parameters. We find $\Gamma =0.0039\pm 0.0082$, which is highly consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM model. This work opens the possibility of testing IDE models at mildly non-linear scales, potentially providing new insights for this class of models beyond the standard $\Lambda$CDM framework.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·13 citations
24. 24*

    On the physical running of the electric charge in a dimensionless theory of gravity

    M. Gomes🇧🇷 · A. C. Lehum🇧🇷 · A. J. da Silva🇧🇷

    We revisit the renormalization of the gauge coupling in massless QED coupled to a scaleless quadratic theory of gravity. We compare two alternative prescriptions for the running of the electric charge: (i) the conventional $\mu$-running in minimal subtraction, and (ii) a ''physical'' running extracted from the logarithmic dependence of amplitudes on a hard scale $Q^2$ (e.g., $p^2$ or a Mandelstam invariant) after removing IR effects. At one loop, using dimensional regularization with an IR mass regulator $m$, we compute the photon vacuum polarization. We find a clean separation between UV and soft logarithms: the former is gauge and process independent and fixes the beta function, whereas the latter encodes nonlocal, IR-dominated contributions that may depend on gauge parameters and must not be interpreted as UV running. In the quadratic-gravity sector, the photon self-energy is UV finite--the $\ln {\mu }^2$ pieces cancel--leaving only $\ln (Q^2/m^2)$ soft logs. Consequently, quadratic gravity does not modify the one-loop UV coefficient and thus does not alter $\beta (e)$. Therefore, the physical running coincides with the $\mu$-running in QED at one loop. Our analysis clarifies how to extract a gauge and process independent running in the presence of gravitational interactions and why soft logs from quadratic gravity should not contribute to $\beta (e)$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
25. 25*

    Completeness from Gravitational Scattering

    Francesco Calisto🇺🇸 · Clifford Cheung🇺🇸 · Grant N. Remmen🇺🇸 · Francesco Sciotti🇪🇸 · Michele Tarquini🇺🇸

    We prove that symmetry in the presence of gravity implies a version of the completeness hypothesis. For a broad class of theories, we demonstrate that the existence of finitely many charged particles logically necessitates the existence of infinitely many charged particles populating the entire charge lattice. Our conclusions follow from the consistency of perturbative gravitational scattering and require the following ingredients: 1) a weakly coupled ultraviolet completion of gravity, 2) a nonabelian symmetry $G$, gauged or global, whose Cartan subgroup generates the abelian charge lattice, and 3) a spectrum containing some finite set of charged representations, in the simplest cases taken to be a single particle in the fundamental. Under these conditions, the abelian charge lattice is completely filled by single-particle states for $G=SO(N)$ with $N\ge 5$ and $G=SU(N)$ with $N\ge 3$, which in turn implies completeness for other symmetry groups such as $Spin(N)$, $Sp(N)$, and $E_8$. Curiously, a corollary of our results is that the $SU(5)$ and $SO(10)$ grand unified theories have precisely the minimal field content needed to derive completeness using our methodology.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Anomalies on ALE spaces and phases of gauge theory

    Mohamed M. Anber🇬🇧

    We show that certain 't Hooft anomalies not detected by standard closed four-dimensional probes can become visible when a quantum field theory is placed on asymptotically locally Euclidean (ALE) spaces. As a concrete example, we use the Eguchi-Hanson (EH) space, whose defining features are its nontrivial second cohomology generated by the self-intersecting two-sphere and its asymptotic boundary ${\mathbb{RP}}^3$, which carries torsion and thus furnishes additional cohomological data absent on conventional backgrounds. For a theory with symmetry $G_1\times G_2$, we turn on background flux for $G_1$ and probe potential anomalies by performing a global $G_2$ transformation; the resulting anomaly is captured by a five-dimensional mapping torus. The anomaly receives contributions from the four-dimensional characteristic classes on EH space as well as from the $\eta$-invariant associated with the ${\mathbb{RP}}^3$ boundary. The anomaly detected in this way imposes additional constraints on asymptotically free gauge theories with fixed trivial asymptotic boundary conditions. In particular, infrared composite spectra that match anomalies on standard closed manifolds may nevertheless fail to reproduce the EH anomaly, and thus cannot by themselves furnish a complete symmetry-preserving infrared realization.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phJHEP(2026)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.