HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Oct 31, 2025Friday·October 31, 2025

32 papers—21 primary·11 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
A Mini Review of some Dark Matter/BSM Physics and a Bit More
Shmuel Nussinov🇮🇱
There is a vast literature on Dark Matter (DM) with many reviews of specific topics only a small fraction of which will be mentioned. I start with a very brief review of cosmology which underlies much of DM research and some relevant General Relativity (GR). I next discuss Self Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) models and upper bounds on the mass M(X) of point-like, symmetric DM. This is followed up by some general aspects of DM detection and directional and temporal variations. I discuss DM models tied with BSM physics scenarios including Primordial Black Holes, new physics in the neutrino sector, ultra-light DM and axions.
hep-ph2 citations
02*
Precise predictions for joint polarisation fractions in WZ production at the LHC
Giovanni Pelliccioli🇮🇹 · Rene Poncelet🇵🇱
We achieve for the first time NNLO QCD + NLO EW accuracy for doubly polarised WZ inclusive production at the LHC, in the case of fully leptonic decays. Additionally, we provide estimates for missing higher-order uncertainties in QCD associated with doubly polarised differential cross sections and joint polarisation fractions, obtained both with standard scale variations and with a theory-nuisance-parameter approach. The study is carried out in the fiducial setup of a recent ATLAS analysis of Run-2 data.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·9 citations
03*
KM3-230213A and IceCube Neutrino Events from Metastable Dark Matter of Primordial Black Hole Origin
Prabhav Singh🇮🇳 · Mansi Dhuria🇮🇳 · Nathanael Varghese Job🇮🇳
We investigate a scenario in which the recently observed ultra-high-energy neutrino event KM3-230213A, with a median energy of approximately 220 PeV, as well as the high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube Observatory, originate from the decay of superheavy dark matter (DM) particles produced through primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation. To establish this connection, we derive constraints on the PBH abundance parameter $β$ as a function of the initial PBH mass $M_{B H_{0}}$ and DM mass $m_{DM}$ , by considering the bound from the observed relic DM abundance. Using these constraints, we compute the resulting neutrino flux and show that DM masses in the PeV-EeV range can yield neutrinos of comparable energies, capable of accounting for both the KM3-230213A and IceCube events while remaining consistent with the relic abundance constraint. Interestingly, the scenario remains viable over a broad region of parameter space while satisfying existing cosmological and astrophysical bounds. Overall, our results demonstrate that PBH evaporation followed by DM decay provides a consistent and natural explanation for the observed ultra-high-energy neutrino events in the absence of accompanying multimessenger signatures.
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2026)·2 citations
04*
Testing the type-II seesaw mechanism with gravitational waves
Yonghua Wang🇨🇳 · Wei Chao🇨🇳
Traditional seesaw mechanisms provide an elegant theoretical framework for explaining the small yet non-zero masses of neutrinos. Nevertheless, they face significant experimental challenges, primarily because the energy scale associated with the seesaw mechanism is too high to be directly probed in terrestrial experiments. In this paper, we explore the gravitational waves (GWs) generated via graviton bremsstrahlung during the decay of seesaw particles in the early Universe. Specifically, we compute the GW spectrum resulting from the decay of the Higgs triplet within the type-II seesaw model. Our results demonstrate that the resulting GW spectrum depends sensitively on the mass of the Higgs triplet and its couplings to the Standard Model Higgs doublet and the left-handed lepton doublet. The detection of such a high-frequency GW background could offer a unique experimental window into the seesaw mechanism and provide indirect evidence for its validity.
hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·4 citations
05*
MC-EKRT: Monte Carlo event generator with saturated minijet production for initializing 3+1 D fluid dynamics in high energy nuclear collisions
Harri Niemi🇫🇮 · Jussi Auvinen🇫🇮 · Kari J. Eskola🇫🇮 · Henry Hirvonen🇺🇸 · Yuuka Kanakubo🇯🇵 · Mikko Kuha🇫🇮
We present a novel saturation and leading order collinear factorization based Monte-Carlo implementation of the EKRT model for computing QCD matter initial states in high-energy nuclear collisions. As new features the MC implementation gives a full 3-dimensional initial state event-by-event, introduces new event-by-event fluctuating spatially dependent nuclear parton distribution functions, includes dynamical fluctuations in minijet production and saturation, and accounts for the energy-momentum and valence-quark number conservation.
hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2026)·0 citations
06*
The signals of doomsday II: Cosmological signatures of late time $S U (3)_{c}$ symmetry breaking
Amartya Sengupta🇺🇸 · Dejan Stojkovic🇺🇸 · L.C.R. Wijewardhana🇺🇸
Only two gauge symmetries remain unbroken today: $S U (3)_{c}$ and $U (1)_{EM}$ . Both are crucial to our universe as it is and to our form of life. Unless we are special observers at the end of the cosmological symmetry-breaking chain, there is no reason they must remain unbroken forever. We investigate the cosmological signatures of late-time $S U (3)_{c}$ breaking in our model with a new colored scalar whose potential supports a first-order phase transition through true-vacuum bubble nucleation. We analyze three physically distinct production mechanisms of the expanding bubble wall. The first is direct nonthermal production from vacuum mismatch across the accelerating wall in the scalar and massive-gluon sectors. The second arises from frictional dissipation into a shocked layer. Including the finite-temperature effective potential, we show that our benchmark critical temperature $T_{c}$ is below the massive-gluon and scalar masses; an equilibrated relativistic broken-phase thermal bath would therefore restore $S U (3)_{c}$ . We formulate a subcritical thermal freeze-out estimate below $T_{c}$ , where massive broken-phase particles can still be produced but only with Boltzmann suppression. The third is a non-equilibrium wall--matter transition-radiation channel: ambient baryonic matter crossing the relativistic wall can radiate broken-phase massive gluons and scalar excitations. This requires no thermal bath above $T_{c}$ and can also continue after the wall reaches terminal velocity. We study the decays of the physical color-octet scalar and massive gluons, using \texttt{Pythia} to hadronize their decay products and determine the resulting photon and neutrino spectra. If the wall reaches a subluminal terminal velocity, these particles can arrive before the wall. The resulting high-energy spectra are a long-range observational signature that, if observed, could signal cosmic doomsday.
hep-phhep-thJCAP(2026)·2 citations
07*
Physical remnant of electroweak theta angles
James Brister🇨🇳 · Bingwei Long🇨🇳 · Longjie Ran🇨🇳 · Muhammad Shahzad🇨🇳 · Zheng Sun🇨🇳 · Yingpei Zou🇨🇳
In addition to the well-known quantum chromodynamical theta angle, we show that the Standard Model has another theta angle which is invariant under arbitrary chiral rotations of quarks and leptons. The new theta angle can be identified with the quantum electrodynamical theta angle, which should be viewed as an independent parameter of the Standard Model, and may be observable in spacetime with non-simply connected features, either beyond the visible universe or in an effective background from a laboratory setup.
hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·1 citation
08*
Preparations for Quantum Computing in Hadron Physics
J.J. Gálvez-Viruet🇪🇸 · M. Gómez-Rocha🇪🇸 · F.J. Llanes-Estrada🇪🇸
Quantum computers are coming online and will quickly impact hadron physics once certain fidelity, decoherence and memory thresholds are met, quite possibly within a decade. We review a selected number of topics where ab-initio QCD-level information about hadrons can be obtained with this computational tool that is hard to come by from other methods. This includes high baryon-density systems such as neutron-star matter (with a sign problem in lattice gauge theory); fragmentation functions; Monte Carlo generation of particles which accounts for quantum correlations in the final state; entropy production in jets; and generally, any application where time evolution in Minkowski space (as opposed to a Euclidean formulation) or where large chemical potentials play an important dynamical role. For other problems, such as the prediction of very highly excited hadron spectroscopy, they will not be a unique, but a complementary tool.
hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·4 citations
09*
Electroweak corrections to doubly polarised WZ scattering at the LHC
Ansgar Denner🇩🇪 · Robert Franken🇩🇪 · Christoph Haitz🇩🇪 · Daniele Lombardi🇩🇪 · Giovanni Pelliccioli🇮🇹
We present a calculation of next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections to the vector-boson scattering (VBS) process resulting in leptonically decaying W and Z bosons in association with two jets at the LHC. The VBS process is computed for both polarised and unpolarised intermediate bosons, exploiting the pole approximation and the separation of helicity states in tree-level and one-loop amplitudes. A phenomenological analysis is carried out for a realistic fiducial setup at a 13.6 TeV LHC collision energy, highlighting different patterns for the various polarisation states both at integrated and at differential level. This study provides theoretical predictions that are necessary to perform a sound characterisation of the spin structure of VBS processes with full LHC data.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2026)·9 citations
10*
An extraction of the Collins-Soper kernel from a joint analysis of experimental and lattice data
Artur Avkhadiev🇺🇸 · Valerio Bertone🇫🇷 · Chiara Bissolotti🇺🇸 · Matteo Cerutti🇫🇷 · Yang Fu🇺🇸 · Simone Rodini🇩🇪 · Phiala Shanahan🇺🇸 · Michael Wagman🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸
We present a first joint extraction of the Collins-Soper kernel (CSK) combining experimental and lattice QCD data in the context of an analysis of transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs). Based on a neural-network parametrization, we perform a Bayesian reweighting of an existing fits of TMDs using lattice data, as well as a joint TMD fit to lattice and experimental data. We consistently find that the inclusion of lattice information shifts the central value of the CSK by approximately 10% and reduces its uncertainty by 40-50%, highlighting the potential of lattice inputs to improve TMD extractions.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPRL(2026)·15 citations
11*
The $ϕp$ bound state in the unitary coupled-channel approximation
Bao-Xi Sun🇨🇳 · Ying-Ying Fan🇨🇳 · Qin-Qin Cao🇨🇳
The attractive interaction of the $ϕ$ meson and the proton is reported by the ALICE Collaboration, and the corresponding scattering length $f_{0}$ is given as $R e (f_{0}) = 0.85 \pm 0.34 (s t a t) \pm 0.14 (sy s t)$ fm and $I m (f_{0}) = 0.16 \pm 0.10 (s t a t) \pm 0.09 (sy s t)$ fm. The fact that the real part is significant in contrast to the imaginary part indicates a dominating role of the elastic scattering, whereas the inelastic process is less important. In this work, such scattering processes are inspected on the basis of a unitary coupled-channel approximation inspired by the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The $ϕp$ scattering length is calculated and it is found that the experimental value of the $ϕp$ scattering length can be obtained only if the attractive interaction of the $ϕ$ meson and the proton is taken into account. A significant outcome of such an attractive interaction is a two-pole structure in the scattering amplitude. One of the poles, located at $1969 - i 283$ MeV, might be a resonance state of $ϕN$ , while the other pole, located at $1949 - i 3$ MeV, should be a bound state of $ϕN$ . Both of these states do not have counterparts in the data of the Particle Data Group(PDG).
hep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
12*
Study of neutrino spin oscillations in a gravitational field with a differential equations method
Mridupawan Deka🇷🇺 · Maxim Dvornikov🇷🇺
In this work, we employ Ordinary Differential Equation solution method to study neutrino spin oscillations in the case when they are gravitationally scattered off a rotating Kerr black hole. Previously, this problem involved the integral solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We analyze the consistency of these two methods.
hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPhysics of Particles and Nuclei, 2026, Vo…·0 citations
13*
A New Probe for Long-Lived Particles at Higgs Factories: Displaced Photons in the Hadronic Calorimeter
Zhicheng Jiang🇨🇳 · Hengne Li🇨🇳 · Jin-Han Liang🇨🇳
The search for dark matter and other photon-portal long-lived particles (LLPs) at electron-positron colliders often relies on the mono-photon signature. At future Higgs factories operating at the $Z$ -pole, this approach faces a critical challenge: the irreducible background from $e^{+} e^{-} \to ν ν ˉ γ$ becomes overwhelming. We propose a novel strategy that overcomes this limitation by searching for displaced photons from LLP decays within the barrel of the hadronic calorimeter. This signature exploits the architectural shielding of the detector to create a nearly background-free environment. Our analysis demonstrates exceptional sensitivity to LLPs with decay lengths from $\sim$ 1 to $1 0^{6}$ meters, improving upon conventional searches by up to one order of magnitude for benchmark photon-portal models.
hep-phhep-ex0 citations
14*
QED corrections to bound-muon decays from an effective-field-theory framework
Duarte Fontes🇩🇪 · Robert Szafron🇺🇸
Bound-muon decays are a powerful probe of new physics, making precise theoretical predictions for their spectra essential. While QED corrections significantly affect the shape of the spectra, their calculation is extremely challenging below the nuclear scale. By exploring the universality of modern effective-field-theory techniques, we present a framework that systematically computes those corrections across a broad class of bound-muon decays. As a key application, we provide the most accurate predictions to date for the signal and background spectra in muon conversion. We show that radiative corrections modify the leading-order ratio of these spectra by $5%$ with minimal energy dependence, a result relevant for enhancing the discovery reach of upcoming experiments. Our framework also represents a crucial step toward connecting high-energy physics to low-energy observables, complementing recent progress above the muon mass scale.
hep-ph3 citations
15*
Robust extraction of power corrections and nuclear dynamics from DIS at large $x$
Alberto Accardi🇺🇸 · Matteo Cerutti🇫🇷
We present recent updates from the CTEQ-JLab (CJ) global PDF analysis, focusing on the interplay and implementation systematics of the HT and offshell correction (CJ22ht). We also discuss preliminary results of the CJ25 global analysis, showing the impact of the full JLab 6 GeV datasets, that we recently collected in a comprehensive DIS database, and having a first look at early JLab 12 GeV measurements. We finally offer a few thoughts on how future data may help unraveling the nuclear and partonic dynamics in light nuclei.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exPoS(2025)·0 citations
16*
Vector dark matter with non-abelian kinetic mixing
Ana Luisa Foguel🇧🇷 · Renata Zukanovich Funchal🇧🇷 · Michele Frigerio🇫🇷
An appealing framework for dark matter is provided by light hidden sectors, below the electroweak scale, feebly coupled to the Standard Model via light mediators. We consider a minimal, predictive model where both the dark matter and the mediator are vector bosons, and have the same mass. The portal between the dark sector and the Standard Model is provided by a kinetic mixing between the dark gauge symmetry, $S U (2)_{X}$ , and the hypercharge, $U (1)_{Y}$ , induced by a dimension-six operator. The dark-matter candidates, $X^{\pm}$ , are charged under a custodial symmetry and therefore stable, while the mediator is a massive dark photon, $Z_{D}$ , mixing with the photon and the $Z$ . We show how the observed dark-matter abundance can be reproduced via freeze-out or freeze-in, through either the kinetic mixing or the dark gauge interaction. We also analyse dark 3-to-2 annihilations, that can become dominant in model variations with $Z_{D}$ heavier than $X^{\pm}$ . We confront our relic-density predictions with current and projected experimental, astrophysical and cosmological bounds on the model parameter space, highlighting the correlation between the dark-photon and dark-matter phenomenologies.
hep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
17*
Automated event generation for S-wave quarkonium and leptonium production in NRQCD and NRQED
Alice Colpani Serri🇵🇱 · Chris A. Flett🇫🇷 · Jean-Philippe Lansberg🇫🇷 · Olivier Mattelaer🇧🇪 · Hua-Sheng Shao🇫🇷 · Lukas Simon🇫🇷
We present an extension of the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework that enables the automated calculation of leading-order cross sections for S-wave quarkonium and leptonium production within the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) and non-relativistic QED (NRQED) factorisation formalisms. The framework has been validated against a variety of benchmark processes, demonstrating robustness and flexibility for phenomenological studies. A key advantage of this implementation is its seamless integration with existing MadGraph5_aMC@NLO features, allowing computations not only within the Standard Model but also in a wide range of Beyond the Standard Model or Effective Field Theory scenarios via a modified Universal Feynman Output (UFO) interface. Furthermore, the framework maintains compatibility with standard Monte Carlo event generators for parton showering and hadronisation. Through numerous examples, we highlight that theoretical studies of quarkonium processes require careful consideration: the impact of subleading contributions is often difficult to predict using simple counting arguments based solely on the hierarchy of couplings and velocity-scaling rules.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2026)·5 citations
18*
Determination of the initial condition for the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with transformers
Meisen Gao🇨🇳 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Jani Penttala🇺🇸 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳
In the high-energy limit of QCD, scattering off nucleons and nuclei can be described in terms of Wilson-line correlators whose energy dependence is perturbative. The energy dependence of the two-point correlator, called the dipole amplitude, is governed by the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. The initial condition for the BK equation can be fitted to the experimental data, which requires evolving the dipole amplitude for a large set of different parameter values. In this work, we train a transformer model to learn the energy dependence of the dipole amplitude, skipping the time-consuming numerical evaluation of the BK equation. The transformer predicts the learned dipole amplitude and the leading order inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross section very accurately, allowing for efficient fitting of the initial condition to the experimental data. Using this setup, we fit the initial condition of the BK equation to the inclusive deep inelastic scattering data from HERA and consider two different starting points $x_{0}$ for the evolution. We find better agreement with the experimental data for a smaller $x_{0}$ . This work paves the way for future studies involving global fits of the dipole amplitude at leading order and beyond.
hep-phnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2026)·5 citations
19*
Improved calculation of radiative corrections to $τ \to π π ν_{τ}$ decays
Gilberto Colangelo🇨🇭 · Martina Cottini🇨🇭 · Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Simon Holz🇨🇭
A reliable calculation of radiative corrections to $τ \to π π ν_{τ}$ decays is an important prerequisite for using hadronic $τ$ decays for a data-driven evaluation of the hadronic-vacuum-polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{μ}^{HVP, LO} [π π, τ]$ . In this Letter, we present an improved model-independent analysis of these radiative corrections, including, for the first time, effects beyond point-like pions in the evaluation of the loop diagrams. These structure-dependent corrections, implemented via a dispersive representation of the pion form factor, lead to significant changes compared to previous calculations due to enhancements near the $ρ (770)$ resonance. We also devise strategies for the matching to chiral perturbation theory and a stable implementation of the real corrections down to the two-pion threshold, which shows that some higher-order isospin-breaking corrections need to be kept due to a strong threshold enhancement. Finally, we perform dispersive fits to the currently available $τ \to π π ν_{τ}$ spectra and discuss the consequences for isospin-breaking corrections in the evaluation of $a_{μ}^{HVP, LO} [π π, τ]$ .
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRL(2026)·16 citations
20*
Running Couplings in High-Temperature Effective Field Theory
Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Andrii Dashko🇩🇪 · Guilherme Guedes🇨🇭
In this work, we study the renormalization-group evolution of parameters in the three-dimensional effective field theory (3D EFT) that describes the thermally driven electroweak phase transition of the Higgs field. We consider tree-level and radiatively generated barriers induced by beyond the Standard Model physics, enabling a first-order phase transition at and below the soft scale, respectively. For each case, we compute the two-loop running of the 3D EFT couplings, including the effects of the leading nonrenormalizable terms. We then analyze how the new contributions to the beta functions compare with those in the super-renormalizable case, highlighting their impact on perturbative computations of the scalar potential, which describes the vacuum structure of the theory. By incorporating higher-order corrections in the mass parameter evolution, as well as the running of other effective operators, we set the stage for testing their impact on phase transition dynamics in lattice simulations.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·14 citations
21*
All is More: Energy Flow Networks for Jet Quenching
João A. Gonçalves🇵🇹
Jet quenching, the modification of jets by the quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions, provides a sensitive probe of the properties of the medium. A jet-by-jet discrimination study between proton-proton and lead-lead jets using energy flow networks and simple baselines, explicitly retaining medium response and underlying event contamination is presented. As references, linear discriminants and neural networks have been trained on high-level observables such as $N$ -subjettiness and energy flow polynomials, including an extended energy flow polynomial set, in order to quantify the achievable performance without constituent-level learning. Energy flow networks are then trained on jet constituents and extended to observable-enhanced energy flow networks that concatenate standardized $N$ -subjettiness and/or energy flow polynomials to the energy flow network latent space. In the realistic scenario, including both underlying event contamination and medium response, observable-enhanced energy flow networks set state-of-the-art performance with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of $≃ 0.83$ , improving markedly over linear and non-linear baselines and previous work with different architectures. Finally, results from moment energy flow networks, an energy flow network variant that attains comparable area under the curve with a substantially more compact and interpretable latent space are shown. These results establish energy-flow-network-based approaches (especially when enhanced with physics-motivated observables) as practical and robust tools for jet-quenching studies.
hep-ph2 citations
22*
Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility
Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · John K. Anders🇨🇭 · Akitaka Ariga🇨🇭 · Tomoko Ariga🇯🇵 · David Asner🇨🇦 · Jeremy Atkinson🇨🇭 · Alan J. Barr🇬🇧 · Larry Bartoszek🇺🇸 · Brian Batell🇺🇸 · Hans Peter Beck🇨🇭 · Florian U. Bernlochner🇩🇪 · Bipul Bhuyan🇮🇳 and 102 other authors
The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposed extension of the HL-LHC program designed to exploit the unique scientific opportunities offered by the intense flux of high energy neutrinos, and possibly new particles, in the far-forward direction. Located in a well-shielded cavern 627 m downstream of one of the LHC interaction points, the facility will support a broad and ambitious physics program that significantly expands the discovery potential of the HL-LHC. Equipped with four complementary detectors -- FLArE, FASER $ν$ 2, FASER2, and FORMOSA -- the FPF will enable breakthrough measurements that will advance our understanding of neutrino physics, quantum chromodynamics, and astroparticle physics, and will search for dark matter and other new particles. With this Letter of Intent, we propose the construction of the FPF cavern and the construction, integration, and installation of its experiments. We summarize the physics case, the facility design, the layout and components of the detectors, as well as the envisioned collaboration structure, cost estimate, and implementation timeline.
↳ hep-exhep-phNPB(2026)·20 citations
23*
High-temperature plasma in Casimir physics
Suman Kumar Panja🇵🇱 · Mathias Boström🇵🇱
We present a short review of an unusual but important application for a high-temperature charged plasma. The unorthodox proposition was made by Ninham concerning a contribution from Casimir forces across high-temperature electron-positron plasma in nuclear interactions. The key message in the current work is how high temperatures ( $\sim 1 0^{11}$ \,K) pop out as essential. Clearly, classical, semi-classical, and quantum considerations for the background media impact both the Casimir effect and the physics of stars and the Universe.
↳ cond-mat.mtrl-scihep-phquant-phMDPI Physics(2026)·0 citations
24*
Model-independent late-universe measurements of $H_{0}$ and $Ω_{K}$ with the parametrization based on cosmic age-improved inverse distance ladder
Guo-Hong Du🇺🇸 · Tian-Nuo Li🇺🇸 · Jia-Le Ling🇺🇸 · Yan-Hong Yao🇨🇳 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸
The standard $Λ CDM$ model has encountered serious challenges and the $H_{0}$ tension has become more significant with increasingly precise cosmological observations. Meanwhile, inconsistencies in measurements of the curvature parameter $Ω_{K}$ between different datasets also have emerged. In this work, we employ two global and cosmic age-based parameterizations, PAge and MAPAge, to perform model-independent measurements of the Hubble constant $H_{0}$ and $Ω_{K}$ by utilizing the inverse distance ladder (IDL). To construct the PAge-improved IDL, we utilize the strong gravitational lensing (SGL), cosmic chronometers (CC), and gamma ray bursts (GRB) data to calibrate the latest DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation and DESY5 or DES-Dovekie type Ia supernova data. Our analysis indicates that DESI+DES-Dovekie+SGL+CC+GRB gives $H_{0} = 72.20 \pm 1.00 km s^{- 1} Mpc^{- 1}$ in the MAPAge model, reducing the $H_{0}$ tension to the $0.6 σ$ level. Extending to the MAPAge $+ Ω_{K}$ model, we obtain $Ω_{K} = 0.005 \pm 0.037$ , which suggests that current late-time data are consistent with a flat universe. Finally, the Bayesian analysis indicates that the present late-universe data provide weak to moderate evidence in favor of PAge and MAPAge relative to $Λ CDM$ .
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·15 citations
25*
Search for dark sector at BESIII
Zhijun Li🇨🇳 · Zhengyun You🇨🇳
BESIII experiment has collected a large data sample of charmonium, charm mesons, hyperons, and other light mesons. These data provide a unique opportunity to explore the dark sector beyond the Standard Model, particularly for dark sectors that couple to charm quarks or other light quarks, and for dark sectors with masses in the $τ - c$ energy region. We present recent dark sector search results from the BESIII experiment, including the search for massless dark photons in $D^{0} \to ω γ^{'}$ and $D^{0} \to γ γ^{'}$ , the search for invisible decays of $K_{S}^{0}$ , the search for dark baryon particles in $Ξ^{-} \to π^{-} χ$ , the search for massless particles in $Σ^{+} \to p + invisible$ , and the search for axion-like particles in $J / ψ \to γ a$ with $a \to γ γ$ .
↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
26*
One-pion exchange potential in a strong magnetic field
Daiki Miura🇯🇵 · Masaru Hongo🇯🇵 · Hidetoshi Taya🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hatsuda🇯🇵
We derive the one-pion exchange potential (OPEP) in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field using chiral perturbation theory with nonrelativistic nucleons. Our approach is applicable not only to weak magnetic fields but also to strong ones up to around the pion-mass scale. The Green's function of charged pions is modified by the magnetic field, leading to changes in the nuclear force. By numerically evaluating the modified OPEP incorporating its spin and isospin dependencies, we show that the range of the potential decreases in both directions parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field as the field strength increases. We also compute the resulting energy shift of the deuteron due to the modified OPEP, which can reach the order of 1 MeV around $∣ e B ∣ = m_{π}^{2}$ , which is comparable to the deuteron binding energy.
↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thnucl-exPTEP(2026)·3 citations
27*
Close encounters with attractors of the third kind
Alexander Soloviev🇸🇮
We report on the existence of a hydrodynamic attractor in the Mueller-Israel-Stewart framework of a fluid living in the novel geometry discovered recently by Grozdanov. This geometry, corresponding to a hyperbolic slicing of dS $_{3} \times R$ , complements previous analyses of attractors in Bjorken (flat slicing) and Gubser (spherical slicing) flows. The fluid behaves like a sharply localized droplet propagating rapidly along the lightcone. Typical solutions approach the hydrodynamic attractor rapidly at late times despite a Knudsen number exceeding unity, suggesting that the inverse Reynolds number captures hydrodynamization more faithfully since the shear stress vanishes at late times. This is in stark contrast to Gubser flow, which has both the Knudsen and inverse Reynolds number becoming small for intermediate times. We close with a comparison to Weyl-transformed Bjorken flow and discuss possible phenomenological applications.
↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·3 citations
28*
Moments of parton distributions functions of the pion from lattice QCD using gradient flow
Anthony Francis🇹🇼 · Patrick Fritzsch🇮🇪 · Rohith Karur🇺🇸 · Jangho Kim🇰🇷 · Giovanni Pederiva🇩🇪 · Dimitra A. Pefkou🇺🇸 · Antonio Rago🇩🇰 · Andrea Shindler🇩🇪 · André Walker-Loud🇺🇸 · Savvas Zafeiropoulos🇫🇷
We present a nonperturbative determination of the pion valence parton distribution function (PDF) moment ratios $⟨ x^{n - 1} ⟩ / ⟨ x ⟩$ up to $n = 6$ , using the gradient flow in lattice QCD. As a testing ground, we employ SU( $3$ ) isosymmetric gauge configurations generated by the OpenLat initiative with a pseudoscalar mass of $m_{π} ≃ 411 MeV$ . Our analysis uses four lattice spacings and a nonperturbatively improved action, enabling full control over the continuum extrapolation, and the limit of vanishing flow time, $t \to 0$ . The flowed ratios exhibit O( $a^{2}$ ) scaling across the ensembles, and the continuum-extrapolated results, matched to the $MS$ scheme at $μ = 2$ GeV using next-to-next-to-leading order matching coefficients, show only mild residual flow-time dependence. The resulting ratios, computed with a relatively small number of configurations, are consistent with phenomenological expectations for the pion's valence distribution, with statistical uncertainties that are competitive with modern global fits. These findings demonstrate that the gradient flow provides an efficient and systematically improvable method to access partonic quantities from first principles. Future extensions of this work will target lighter pion masses toward the physical point, and applications to nucleon structure such as the proton PDFs and the gluon and sea-quark distributions.
↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·20 citations
29*
Boosting the cosmic 21-cm signal with exotic Lyman- $α$ from dark matter
Dominic Agius🇪🇸 · Tracy Robyn Slatyer🇺🇸
The 21-cm signal from the epoch of cosmic dawn ( $z \sim 10 - 30$ ) offers a powerful probe of new physics. One standard mechanism for constraining decaying dark matter from 21-cm observations relies on heating of the intergalactic medium by the decay products, an effect whose observability is entangled with the uncertain Lyman- $α$ fluxes and X-ray heating from the first stars. In this Letter, we explore a novel mechanism, where the Lyman- $α$ photons produced from dark matter decay initiate early Wouthuysen-Field coupling of the spin temperature to the gas temperature, thereby boosting the 21-cm signal. This mechanism provides constraints on dark matter that are less dependent on uncertainties associated with star formation than constraints on exotic heating. We study this effect for decaying dark matter with masses $m_{χ} \sim 20.4 - 27.2$ eV, where diphoton decay efficiently produces Lyman-series photons. We present forecasts for the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and the Square Kilometre Array, showing their potential to probe an unconstrained parameter space for light decaying DM, including axion-like particles.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph7 citations
30*
On the adiabatic initial conditions for a particle gas in cosmology
Guillem Domènech🇩🇪
In view of recent interest in the role of "dark" radiation in cosmology, such as cosmic gravitational waves, sterile neutrinos, and dark photons, we clarify the definition of adiabatic initial conditions in the kinetic theory of gases in an expanding universe. Without assuming any form for the phase space distribution function, we identify two possibilities: a strong and a weak adiabatic initial condition. The strong one corresponds to the standard adiabatic initial conditions, while the weak one is related to the strong via internal isocurvature fluctuations. We show that both types of adiabatic initial conditions are consistent with the separate universe approach, although the latter requires initial internal isocurvature. In passing, we stress the importance of using the particle local momentum in the phase space to define the notion of adiabatic initial conditions. Doing so, we clarify that a gas of gravitons can have adiabatic initial conditions.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
31*
Quantum Tunnelling Across Hydrogen Bonds: Proton--Deuteron Isotope Effects from a Cornell-Type Potential Model
Krishna Kingkar Pathak🇮🇳
Hydrogen bonds play a pivotal role in chemistry, biology, and condensed-matter physics, where quantum tunnelling can strongly influence structure and dynamics. Isotope substitution (H $\to$ D) provides a sensitive probe of such tunnelling, but theoretical descriptions often rely on purely numerical models or simplified potentials that obscure physical interpretation. Here we employ a Cornell-type potential combined with a double-well Schrödinger approach to investigate proton and deuteron tunnelling across hydrogen bonds. The model yields semi-analytical wavefunctions and tunnelling splittings that transparently capture isotope-dependent quantum effects. We present scaling behaviour of tunnelling splittings with isotope mass, discuss the influence of barrier width and curvature, and compare model trends with representative experimental and computational results. Beyond hydrogen bonding, the framework provides a general methodology for modelling tunnelling in double-well systems relevant to spectroscopy, enzymatic catalysis, and materials applications.
↳ physics.chem-phhep-phnlin.CD0 citations
32*
Analytically Optimising Muon Diffusion Experiments with Fisher information
Alex Sampson🇬🇧 · Peter J. Baker🇬🇧 · Lucas Wilkins🇬🇧 · John M. Wilkinson🇬🇧
One of the key challenges in performing muon experiments is knowing which temperatures and applied fields to measure at, and how many muon decays should be measured at each temperature/field combination to get the most useful dataset. We have developed a technique using Fisher information which, for a given muon asymmetry function, can analytically calculate the number of muon decays required to obtain a given error on the parameters of the asymmetry model. Here, we report on the results of our project, in particular applying our methodology to the problem of knowing the best choice of applied longitudinal fields for ionic diffusion experiments.
↳ hep-excond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.otherhep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2026)·0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.