Tue·Oct 14, 2025Tuesday·October 14, 2025

1. 01*

   Massive Feynman integrals at high energies: recent analytic results

   Hantian Zhang🇨🇭

   The high-energy behaviour of scattering amplitudes involving massive particles has attracted interest in recent years. In these proceedings, we report on the analytic tool AsyInt for solving massive multi-loop Feynman integrals in the high-energy limit, which are fundamental building blocks for such amplitudes in the full Standard Model. We present recent analytic results for two-loop four-point Feynman integrals with both internal and external masses in this limit, featuring polylogarithmic and elliptic structures.

   hep-phhep-thPoS(2026)·1 citation
2. 02*

   Magnetic Catalysis of charmonium in the vector channel

   Cesareo A. Dominguez🇿🇦 · Michael Koning🇦🇹 · Luis A. Hernández🇲🇽

   We investigate the impact of an external magnetic field on the vector charmonium system within the framework of Hilbert moment QCD sum rules. By incorporating magnetic corrections to the perturbative contributions of the QCD sector, we analyze the behavior of the hadronic parameters of the $J/\psi$ resonance -- namely, its continuum threshold $s_0$, decay constant $f_V$, width ${\Gamma }_V$, and its mass $M_V$, as functions of the magnetic field strength. Our results show that $s_0$ and $f_V$ increase monotonically, while ${\Gamma }_V$ decreases significantly and $M_V$ remains essentially constant. These behaviors indicate a strengthening of the hadronic state in the presence of a magnetic field, consistent with the phenomenon of magnetic catalysis. Although magnetic catalysis has traditionally been associated with light-quark systems via chiral symmetry breaking, our results demonstrate that similar effects persist in the heavy-quark sector, despite the absence of chiral dynamics.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Light scalar quarkonia from QCD Laplace sum rule at higher order

   R. M. Albuquerque🇧🇷 · S. Narison🇫🇷 · D. Rabetiarivony🇲🇬

   We review our estimations on the light scalar $\bar{q}q$, $(\bar{q}{q}^{\prime })(\overline{q^{\prime }}q)$ and $\overline{q{q}^{\prime }}q{q}^{\prime }$ ($q,q^{\prime }\equiv u,d,s$) states from relativistic Laplace sum rule (LSR) within stability criteria and including higher order perturbative (PT) corrections up to the (estimated) N5LO. We evaluate the QCD spectral functions at Lowest Order (LO) of PT QCD and up to the $D=6$ dimension of quark and gluon condensates. Using stability criteria and the constraint: Pole contribution is larger than the QCD continuum one ($R_{P/C}⩾1$) our results exclude an on-shell mass around $(500-600)$ MeV obtained for values of the QCD continuum threshold $t_c⩽(1\sim 1.5)$ GeV${}^2$. The complete results for the different scalar states are given in Tables 1 to 3. We conclude from the complete analysis that the assignement of the nature of the scalar mesons is not crystal clear and needs further studies.

   hep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2026)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Uncovering Singularities in Feynman Integrals via Machine Learning

   Yuanche Liu🇨🇳 · Yingxuan Xu🇩🇪 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

   We introduce a machine-learning framework based on symbolic regression to extract the full symbol alphabet of multi-loop Feynman integrals. By targeting the analytic structure rather than reduction, the method is broadly applicable and interpretable across different families of integrals. It successfully reconstructs complete symbol alphabets in nontrivial examples, demonstrating both robustness and generality. Beyond accelerating computations case by case, it uncovers the analytic structure universally. This framework opens new avenues for multi-loop amplitude analysis and provides a versatile tool for exploring scattering amplitudes.

   hep-phcs.AIcs.LGhep-th1 citation
5. 05*

   Speed of sound peak in two-color dense QCD: confronting effective models with lattice data

   Arthur E.B. Pasqualotto🇧🇷 · Dyana C. Duarte🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

   Lattice simulations of two-color, two-flavor Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite quark chemical potential have revealed a distinctive peak structure in the sound velocity. Although chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model have been employed to explain this phenomenon, neither approach has fully captured the observed behavior. To address this discrepancy, we have extended the NJL framework by incorporating the Medium Separation Scheme (MSS). This approach isolates medium contributions from divergent integrals, allowing for a more accurate treatment of finite-density effects. Our results indicate a clear increase in the diquark gap ($\Delta$) with increasing chemical potential, consistent with what is also seen in perturbative QCD predictions at high densities. {}Furthermore, the MSS-modified NJL model successfully reproduces the observed peak in the sound velocity.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2026)·6 citations
6. 06*

   Medium modifications of $1P$-wave charmonia ${\chi }_{cJ}(1P)$ in cold nuclear matter

   Ze-Hua Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   In this work, we employ the quark-meson coupling model to investigate the mass shifts of $1P$-wave charmonia ${\chi }_{cJ}(1P)$ ($J=0,1,2$) in cold symmetric nuclear matter by incorporating in-medium loop contributions to the ${\chi }_{cJ}(1P)$ self-energy within the unquenched picture. At normal nuclear matter density, we obtain significant mass reductions of about 60 MeV for the ${\chi }_{cJ}(1P)$ states, with the ${\chi }_{c2}(1P)$ mass shift primarily arising from the vector-vector loop. Our results also indicate the absence of level crossing between the in-medium ${\chi }_{cJ}(1P)$ mass and the $D\bar{D}$ mass threshold up to ${\rho }_B<3{\rho }_0$-a feature that could be probed in the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR and the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Exploring vector-like $B$-quark pair production at CLIC in fully hadronic final states

   Baoxia Wang🇨🇳 · Shuo Yang🇨🇳 · Pengxuan Zhu🇦🇺

   We investigate the discovery potential of the $3\mathrm{TeV}$ Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) for a singlet vector-like bottom partner $B$ decaying via $B\to tW$. Focusing on the fully hadronic final state $B\bar{B}\to tWtW$, we reconstruct boosted top and $W$ candidates using large-$R$ Valencia jets, supplemented by a merging strategy for partially resolved decays. A systematic scan of the jet-radius parameter identifies $R=0.8$ as the optimal choice, balancing boosted-jet containment with jet multiplicity. Using a cut-based analysis optimized for the $(2t+2W)$ topology and an integrated luminosity of $5{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$, CLIC can achieve sensitivity to $m_B\lesssim 1.5\mathrm{TeV}$. These results highlight CLIC's excellent capability to probe heavy vector-like quarks in high jet multiplicity environments, extending well beyond the reach of current hadron collider searches.

   hep-phEPJC(2026)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Two-loop QCD-corrections to $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Z^{\ast }\to \mathbf{J}/\mathbf{\psi }+\mathbf{J}/\mathbf{\psi }$

   Xiang Chen🇨🇭 · Xin Guan🇺🇸 · Chuan-Qi He🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳

   We present a next-to-next-to-leading-order calculation within the nonrelativistic QCD framework for the process of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Z^{\ast }\to J/\psi +J/\psi$ . We find that the NNLO contribution is 2-3 times larger than the next-to-leading-order contribution, which itself is already 3-5 times larger than the leading-order result. In the high-energy limit, we provide analytic expressions for the leading-power coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of the two-loop amplitudes. Our results are directly applicable to the bottomonium process $Z^{\ast }\to {\rm Y}+{\rm Y}$. Using the obtained hadronic amplitudes, we predict the decay width of the $Z$ boson into these rare di-charmonium and di-bottomonium final states.

   hep-ph1 citation
9. 09*

   Perturbative and nonperturbative properties of heavy quark transport in a thermal SU(3) gluon plasma

   Jiazhen Peng🇨🇳 · Yage Zhen🇨🇳 · Jiale Lou🇨🇳 · Fei Sun🇨🇳 · Kejun Wu🇨🇳 · Wei Xie🇨🇳 · Zuman Zhang🇨🇳 · Shuang Li🇨🇳 · Sa Wang🇨🇳

   We investigate the perturbative and nonperturbative aspects of heavy quark transport in a thermal SU(3) gluon plasma. Based on the soft-hard factorized model, we extend the original perturbative framework to the near-critical temperature region, where nonperturbative effects become significant. The transition behavior of the semi-quark-gluon-plasma (semi-QGP) is described via a temperature-dependent background field incorporated in the background field effective theory. By implementing this approach, we quantitatively evaluate the collisional energy loss and momentum diffusion coefficients of charm and bottom quarks as functions of the incoming energy and medium temperature. Our results show a distinct suppression of both the energy loss and the diffusion coefficients relative to conventional perturbative estimates, especially near the critical temperature. This suppression originates from the emergence of a temperature-dependent color background field, which effectively reduces the color charge screening of the medium. These findings provide important theoretical insight into the phenomenology of heavy-flavor probes, offering a unified theoretical framework applicable across both high- and low-momentum regimes.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Exclusive process $\gamma \gamma \to J/\psi +\gamma$ production in ultraperipheral proton and nuclear collisions at the HL-LHC and FCC

    Meng-Kun Jia🇨🇳 · Xiao-Bo Jin🇨🇳 · Kui-Yong Liu🇨🇳 · Guang-Zhi Xu🇨🇳

    We present a next-to-leading-order (NLO) analysis of exclusive $J/\psi +\gamma$ production via photon-photon fusion in ultraperipheral collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and the Future Circular Collider (FCC). The study is performed within the NRQCD factorization framework for proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions, with nuclear species spanning a wide range of nuclear charges (O, Ca, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Pb), enabling a systematic investigation of nuclear effects on the production cross sections. The photon fluxes are modeled using an electric-dipole form factor, with the impact-parameter dependence strictly enforced to ensure the exclusivity of the process. We present predictions for total cross sections and kinematic distributions at leading order and NLO. With a transverse momentum cut of $p_T>2\mathrm{GeV}$, the NLO corrections reduce the cross section by approximately $35\%$ at the central scale. The associated theoretical uncertainties are systematically estimated via renormalization scale variations. Despite this suppression, the cross sections remain sizable and indicate that exclusive $J/\psi +\gamma$ production serves as a sensitive probe of photon-induced quarkonium production mechanisms. We thus present the corresponding event yields predicted for the HL-LHC and the FCC.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
11. 11*

    Predictions for ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\tau \bar{\nu }$ in BLSSM with Inverse seesaw

    Dris Boubaa🇩🇿 · Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬

    The persistent deviations observed in semileptonic $B$ decays, in particular the lepton flavor universality ratios $\mathcal{R}(D^{(\ast )})$ and $\mathcal{R}({\Lambda }_c)$, provide intriguing hints of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). While current measurements remain limited by experimental uncertainties, their lower central values compared to SM expectations motivate further theoretical scrutiny. In this work we study these observables within the $B-L$ Supersymmetric Standard Model with an inverse seesaw (BLSSM-IS). We emphasize the role of penguin diagrams involving charginos, neutralinos, and right-handed sneutrinos, which induce flavor-dependent loop corrections to the effective $W\ell \nu$ vertex. These corrections can suppress the light-lepton decay rates relative to the $\tau$ mode, leading to a modest enhancement of $\mathcal{R}(D^{(\ast )})$ and, through the sum rule, $\mathcal{R}({\Lambda }_c)$. We present updated numerical results illustrating the correlation between mesonic and baryonic observables, showing that the BLSSM-IS framework provides a natural and testable explanation of the current data. Our findings underline the importance of upcoming precision measurements at Belle II and the LHCb upgrade in clarifying the possible role of supersymmetry in lepton flavor universality violation.

    hep-phJ.Phys.G(2026)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Critical properties of bound states with one-boson-exchange potential

    Lin-Qing Song🇨🇳 · Hai-Qing Zhou🇨🇳

    In this study, we discuss some general critical properties of bound states with one-boson-exchange potential. For simplicity, we first take a system with two identical scalar particles as an example. The interaction between these two scalar particles is described by the exchange of another massive scalar meson under the instantaneous approximation, which results in the Yukawa potential. A highly accurate numerical method is used to determine the critical screening mass value of the system. The resulting critical screening mass for the ground state is consistent with those reported in the literature, agreeing to about 30 significant figures. The highly accurate results for the $l=1$ case are also presented, which are significantly more precise than those previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, we extend the discussion to physical hadronic molecule states, where form factors are introduced in the interaction to describe the structure of hadrons. Our numerical results show that although the binding energies of the hadronic molecule states depend on the cutoff in the form factors, the number of hadronic molecule states is almost independent of the cutoffs across a very wide physical region. This indicates a strong and important property: the number of hadronic molecule states is almost solely determined by the coupling constants and the masses of the exchange particles. This highly accurate numerical method can also be straightforwardly applied to higher $l$ cases or other systems.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phCPC(2026)·0 citations
13. 13*

    Pseudoscalar heavy-quarkonium hadroproduction from nonrelativistic fragmentation at NLL/NLO${}^{+}$

    Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸 · Francesca Lonigro🇪🇸

    We investigate the inclusive hadroproduction of pseudoscalar heavy quarkonia, ${\eta }_c$ and ${\eta }_b$ mesons, in high-energy proton collisions. Our framework bases on the single-parton collinear fragmentation within a variable-flavor number scheme, tailored to describe the moderate to large transverse momentum regime. To this end, we construct a new set of collinear fragmentation functions, denoted as NRFF1.0, which evolve via standard DGLAP equations with a consistent treatment of flavor thresholds. Initial conditions for all parton-induced channels are computed using next-to-leading-order nonrelativistic QCD. We perform our analysis within the NLL/NLO${}^{+}$ hybrid factorization framework, employing the JETHAD numerical interface together with the symJETHAD symbolic engine. These tools allow us to deliver predictions for high-energy observables sensitive to quarkonium final states at 13 TeV LHC. To the best of our knowledge, the NRFF1.0 sets represent the first-ever release of collinear fragmentation functions for heavy quarkonia that consistently includes all partonic channels within collinear factorization.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2025)·17 citations
14. 14*

    Scattering of non-relativistic finite-size particles and puffy dark matter direct detection

    Wu-Long Xu🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Jun Zhao🇨🇳

    In this work we consider the scattering between non-relativistic particles with different finite sizes. We first calculate their interaction potential and apply the partial wave method to obtain their scattering cross section. Our findings show that the particle size can significantly affect the scattering between non-relativistic particles. Then we apply such a study to direct detection of puffy dark matter. We find that the finite size of the target nucleus may introduce non-perturbative effects that differ from the scenario of point-like dark matter. For large-size dark matter particles, this non-perturbative regime in the dark matter nucleus scattering cross section effectively disappears; while for small values of the size-to-range ratio in the scattering process, a significant non-perturbative regime can maintain. Finally, for the direct detection of nugget-type puffy dark matter with a small number of constituent particles, we find that the stability conditions for the formation of bound-state dark matter can provide constraints on the dark matter nucleus scattering cross section.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2026)·3 citations
15. 15*

    Enhancing Phase Transition Calculations with Fitting and Neural Network

    Ligong Bian🇨🇳 · Hongxin Wang🇨🇳 · Yang Xiao🇨🇳 · Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

    The computation of bounce action in a phase transition involves solving partial differential equations, inherently introducing non-negligible numerical uncertainty. Deriving characteristic temperatures and properties of this transition necessitates both differentiation and integration of the action, thereby exacerbating the uncertainty. In this work, we fit the action curve as a function of temperature to mitigate the uncertainties inherent in the calculation of the phase transition parameters. We find that, after extracting a factor, the sixth-order polynomial yields an excellent fit for the action in the high temperature approximated potential. In a realistic model, the singlet extension of the Standard Model, this method performs satisfactorily across most of the parameter space after trimming the fitting data. This approach not only enhances the accuracy of phase transition calculations but also systematically reduces computation time and facilitates error estimation, particularly in models involving multiple scalar fields. Furthermore, we discussed the possible of using multiple neural networks to predict the action curve from model parameters.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
16. 16*

    Multimodal axion emissions from Abelian-Higgs cosmic strings

    Naoya Kitajima🇯🇵 · Michiru Uwabo-Niibo🇰🇷

    We show that axions can be produced from Abelian-Higgs cosmic strings due to the axion-gauge coupling. The strong magnetic field is confined in the string, and the electric field is induced around the moving string, allowing axion productions from the dynamics of cosmic strings. Our numerical analysis on the string collision shows that a sizable number of axions can be produced at the reconnection, and further emissions occur from moving kinks afterward. Large-scale lattice simulations of the string network further reveal multimodal axion emissions in the sense that axions are produced in both the low-energy and high-energy regimes. The former can contribute to the cold dark matter and the latter can be regarded as dark radiation. We found that the axion with GeV or heavier mass can explain the current relic dark matter abundance and simultaneously predicts a sizable amount of dark radiation which can be probed by future observations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2026)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Topological Landscapes of the BSM Higgs Sector

    Jyotiranjan Beuria🇮🇳

    We explore the structure of the parameter space in the Singlet Scalar Dark Matter (SSDM) model and the Next-to-Two Higgs Doublet Model (N2HDM) with $\tan \beta =5$ and $\tan \beta =45$. Parameter points are classified as allowed or excluded based on compatibility with the Higgs observation constraints. Using a combined framework of Topological Data Analysis (TDA), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), we characterize the global geometry and topology of these high-dimensional landscapes. Our findings reveal that the SSDM and the N2HDM Type~I model exhibit finely tuned islands of collider viability. In the case of N2HDM Type~I, we also find that increasing $\tan \beta$ leads to greater topological fragmentation and higher Betti number persistence, indicating enhanced structural complexity. In contrast, the given choice of parameters excludes the entire N2HDM Type II parameter space based on current Higgs measurements. The topological properties serve as important quantitative descriptors for the phenomenological viability of the BSM frameworks. We leverage the above mentioned topological features to train machine learning models for faster characterization of the BSM Higgs sector into allowed and excluded parameter regions.

    hep-ph0 citations
18. 18*

    Complete-Coverage Searches for Lorentz Violation in the Minimal Matter Sector

    Marshall J. Basson🇺🇸 · Eric Biddulph-West🇺🇸 · Caitlyn Holl🇺🇸 · Will Lankenau🇺🇸 · Facundo Martin Lopez🇺🇸 · Bianca Rose Lott🇺🇸 · Chihui Shao🇺🇸 · Danny P. Shope🇺🇸 · Jay D. Tasson🇺🇸 · Zhiyu Zhang🇺🇸

    Over the past several decades, dozens of tests have sought the 132 Lorentz-violating degrees of freedom in the nonrelativistic limit of the minimal matter sector of the Standard-Model Extension, yet 43 remained unconstrained. In this Letter, we limit all previously unconstrained degrees of freedom and make improvements on 13 prior limits. The approach introduced here offers the potential of further improvements for 49 degrees of freedom in suitable future experiments, along with additional discovery potential offered by combining data from experiments performed in different locations.

    hep-phPRL(2026)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Productions of $T_{cc}$ and its SU(3)-flavor symmetry and heavy quark spin symmetry partners in $B_c$ decays

    Yi Zhang🇨🇳 · Ming-Zhu Liu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    Inspired by the observation of the doubly charmed tetraquark state $T_{cc}$ at $pp$ collisions in the inclusive processes, we systematically investigate the production of doubly charmed tetraquark states in exclusive $B_c$ decays. In this work, we assume the $T_{cc}$ as a $D{D}^{\ast }$ bound state, and then predict the masses of its heavy quark spin symmetry partner $D^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$ (denoted by $T_{cc}^{\ast }$) as well as their SU(3)-flavor symmetry partners, i.g., $D_s{D}^{\ast }/D_s^{\ast }D$ (denoted by $T_{ccs}^{+}$ and $T_{ccs}^{++}$) and $D^{\ast }{D}_s^{\ast }$ (denoted by $T_{ccs}^{\ast +}$ and $T_{ccs}^{\ast ++}$), using the contact range effective field theory. Within the molecular picture, we compute their partial decays and production rates in $B_c$ meson decays. We identify the decays $B_c\to D^0{D}^0{\pi }^{+}{\bar{D}}^0$ and $B_c\to D_s^{+}{D}^0{\pi }^{+}{D}^{-}$ as promising channels to observe the tetraquark states $T_{cc}^{(\ast )}$ and $T_{ccs}^{(\ast )++}$, respectively. Finally, by combining these results with $B_c$ production cross sections, we estimate the expected event yields for these states in the upcoming LHC Run 3 and 4. Our results indicate that the $T_{ccs}^{+}$ and $T_{ccs}^{\ast ++}$ states are likely to be observed in $B_c$ decays, while it is quite difficult for the $T_{cc}$ and $T_{cc}^{\ast }$ states.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
20. 20*

    Detecting quantum fluctuations of multiplicity

    S.M. Troshin🇷🇺 · N.E. Tyurin🇷🇺

    Transition to the reflective scattering mode results in the increasing role of the multiplicity fluctuations of quantum origin and its asymptotic dominance. We note here the feasibility to experimentally detect presence of quantum fluctuations of multiplicity at finite energies.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
21. 21*

    QCD phase structure & equation of state: A functional perspective

    Fabian Rennecke🇩🇪

    The phase structure of QCD remains an open fundamental problem of standard model physics. In particular at finite density, our knowledge is limited. Yet, numerous model studies point towards a rich and complex phase diagram at large density. Functional methods like the functional renormalization group and Dyson-Schwinger equations offer a way to study hot and dense QCD matter directly from first principles. I will discuss the phase structure of QCD and its experimental signatures through the lens of these methods.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2026)·7 citations
22. 22*

    Addressing the $R_{\tau /\mu ,e}\left(D^{(\ast )}\right)$ puzzle through New Physics four-fermion operators and their impact on ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\tau {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ decay

    Muhammad Arslan🇵🇰 · Ishtiaq Ahmed🇵🇰 · Muhammad Jamil Aslam🇵🇰 · Saba Shafaq🇵🇰 · Tahira Yasmeen🇵🇰

    The Lepton Flavor Universality ratio $R_{\tau /\mu ,e}\left(D^{(\ast )}\right)$ poses a challenge to the Standard Model (SM), as B-factory experiments, BaBar, Belle, and the LHCb show $3.31\sigma$ deviations from their theoretical predictions. Utilizing the latest HFLAV averages and incorporating the branching ratio constraints $60\%$, $30\%$ and $10\%$ from the lifetime of the $B_c$ meson, we determine the values of the Wilson coefficients (WCs) for different New Physics (NP) four-fermion operator with specific Lorentz structures. Our analysis finds that the WC scenario $\left(C_{S_L},C_{S_R}\right)$ is the most probable, the maximum pull from the SM, and strongly influenced by branching ratio constraints. Furthermore, we identify three degenerate solutions involving $C_{V_L}$, $C_{V_L}^{\prime }$, $C_{V_L}^{\prime \prime }$, and $C_{S_R}^{\prime \prime }$ as the second most probable NP scenarios. We then studied the influence of these NP operators on various physical observables in ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c\tau {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ decay by using the Lattice QCD form factors. Our results highlighted $C_{S_L}^{\prime \prime }$, $C_{S_R}$, $C_T$, $\left(C_{S_L},C_{S_R}\right)$, $\left(C_{S_R},C_T\right)$, and the three degenerate scenarios involving $\left(C_{S_L},C_T\right)$, $\left(C_{S_L}^{\prime },C_T^{\prime }\right)$ and $\left(C_{S_L}^{\prime \prime },C_T^{\prime \prime }\right)$ as strong indicators of NP. The correlation of different physical observables shows a direct correlation between $d\Gamma /d{q}^2$ and $P_L^{\tau }$ for WC $\left(C_{S_L},C_{S_R}\right)$; and between $A_{FB}$ and $P_L^{{\Lambda }_c}$ for three degenerate WCs involving $\left(C_{S_L},C_T\right)$. We hope that the measurements of these observables in ongoing and future experiments will help us scrutinize these constraints on the various NP couplings.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Hints of Dark Matter Spikes in Low-mass X-ray Binaries: a critical assessment

    Francesca Scarcella🇪🇸 · Bradley J. Kavanagh🇪🇸

    Three black-hole low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the Milky Way show rates of period decay which cannot be easily explained by standard mechanisms. Recently, it has been claimed that the anomalous period decays in two of these systems may be explained by dynamical friction due to very high dark matter (DM) densities around the black holes. We critically assess these claims by performing $N$-body simulations of binaries embedded in dense DM ``spikes". We simulate the previously-studied systems XTE J1118+480 and A0620--00, as well as studying the third binary Nova Muscae 1991 for the first time in this context. These simulations show that feedback on the DM distribution plays a crucial role and we rule out previously-claimed shallow DM spikes. We set lower limits on the steepness $\gamma$ of DM density profiles required to explain the period decay in these LMXBs, requiring $\gamma \gtrsim 2.15-2.20$ in XTE J1118+480 and A0620--00 and $\gamma \gtrsim 2.3$ in Nova Muscae 1991. Improved modeling of the long-term evolution of binaries embedded in DM spikes may allow us to exclude even larger densities in future.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2026)·4 citations
24. 24*

    StatTestCalculator: A New General Tool for Statistical Analysis in High Energy Physics

    Emil Abasov🇷🇺 · Lev Dudko🇷🇺 · Daniil Gorin🇷🇺 · Oleg Vasilevskii🇷🇺

    We present StatTestCalculator (STC), a new open-source statistical analysis tool designed for analysis high energy physics experiments. STC provides both asymptotic calculations and Monte Carlo simulations for computing the exact statistical significance of a discovery or for setting upper limits on signal model parameters. We review the underlying statistical formalism, including profile likelihood ratio test statistics for discovery and exclusion hypotheses, and the asymptotic distributions that allow quick significance estimates. We explain the relevant formulas for the likelihood functions, test statistic distributions, and significance metrics (both with and without incorporating systematic uncertainties). The implementation and capabilities of STC are described, and we validate its performance against the widely-used CMS Combine tool. We find excellent agreement in both the expected discovery significances and upper limit calculations. STC is a flexible framework that can accommodate systematic uncertainties and user-defined statistical models, making it suitable for a broad range of analyses.

    hep-phstat.COMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2025)·0 citations
25. 25*

    Applying Normalizing Flows for spin correlations reconstruction in associated top-quark pair and dark matter production

    E. Abasov🇷🇺 · L. Dudko🇷🇺 · E. Iudin🇷🇺 · A. Markina🇷🇺 · P. Volkov🇷🇺 · G. Vorotnikov🇷🇺 · M. Perfilov🇷🇺 · A. Zaborenko🇷🇺

    We apply a unified machine-learning framework based on Normalizing Flows (NFs) for the event-by-event reconstruction of invisible momenta and the subsequent evaluation of spin-sensitive observables in top-quark pair and dark-matter (DM) associated production processes. Building on recent studies in single-top + DM topologies, we extend the research to $t\bar{t}$ + DM final states. Inputs to our networks combine low-level four-momenta and missing transverse energy with high-level kinematic and angular variables. We compare a baseline multilayer perceptron (MLP) regressor, an autoregressive flow, and the conditional $\nu$-Flows model -- trained to learn the full conditional density. In these final states all the models perform well and demonstrate high reconstruction quality in independent regions split by $m_{t\bar{t}}$ for validation purposes. We highlight the potential of this approach to be extended to three- and four-top-quark production.

    hep-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2025)·0 citations
26. 26*

    The Thrust Distribution at NNLO+NNLL in Higgs Decays to Quarks and Gluons

    Elliot Fox🇬🇧 · Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder🇨🇭 · Thomas Gehrmann🇨🇭 · Nigel Glover🇬🇧 · Matteo Marcoli🇬🇧 · Christian T. Preuss🇩🇪

    We present a calculation of the thrust distribution in Higgs decays to quarks and gluons, $H\to b\bar{b}$, $H\to c\bar{c}$, and $H\to gg$, including the resummation of large logarithmic corrections that arise in the two-particle limit at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy, and match it to fixed-order results for three-particle decays at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong coupling. The resummation is performed analytically within the ARES framework and combined with the fixed-order results using the logR matching technique. The fixed-order calculation is carried out numerically with the NNLOJET parton-level event generator, using the antenna subtraction method. We perform detailed cross-validation in the two-particle region, demonstrating that the expansion of the NNLL resummed result correctly reproduces the logarithmic structure of the fixed-order calculation to $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}^3)$, up to a predictable N${}^3$LL term at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}^{3}L)$. In addition to providing the first NNLO+NNLL accurate predictions for the thrust distribution in Higgs decays to quarks and gluons, we analytically extract the $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}^2)$ hard-virtual correction $c_2$ and the ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}^{3}L$ term $G_{31}$ in both the $H\to q\bar{q}$ ($q=b,c$) and $H\to gg$ decay channels.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2026)·5 citations
27. 27*

    Revisiting the limits on dark matter annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime in light of electron and positron fluxes

    Nagisa Hiroshima🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵 · Partha Kumar Paul🇮🇳 · Narendra Sahu🇮🇳

    We revisit the upper bound on the annihilation cross-section, $⟨\sigma v⟩$ of a stable dark matter (DM) of mass $500-10^{14}$ GeV by considering five different channels: $W^{+}{W}^{-}$, $b\bar{b}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$, and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$. We use the observed electron and positron fluxes from CALET, DAMPE, HESS, positron flux from AMS-02, and gamma-ray flux from HAWC, GRAPES-3, CASA-MIA to constrain the annihilation cross-section. We also consider unstable DM of mass $10^3-10^{16}$~GeV decaying to $W^{+}{W}^{-}$, $b\bar{b}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$, and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and derive the corresponding lower bound on the DM lifetime, ${\tau }_{\mathrm{DM}}$. We find that the latest AMS-02 data provide the most stringent constraints on $⟨\sigma v⟩$ for DM masses below 2 TeV, while HESS yields the strongest limits for $M_{\mathrm{DM}}\gtrsim 2$ TeV. The HESS gives a much more stringent limit on the DM lifetime, excluding ${\tau }_{\mathrm{DM}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}}\lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{30})$ s for a 10 TeV mass of DM. The limits on $⟨\sigma v⟩$ derived from the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ flux are competitive with those from $\gamma$-ray and neutrino observations for DM masses in the range $10^5$--$10^{11}$ GeV, and become the most stringent beyond this range. For decaying DM, the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ flux provides the strongest constraints on the DM lifetime over the mass range $10^3$--$10^9$ GeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEJCAP(2026)·3 citations
28. 28*

    Meson-antimeson mixing

    Ulrich Nierste🇩🇪

    Meson-antimeson transitions are flavor-changing neutral current processes in which the strangeness, charm, or beauty quantum number changes by two units. In the Standard Model (SM) these transitions originate from box diagrams with two W bosons. They permit the preparation of time-dependent, oscillating quantum states which are superpositions of a meson and its antimeson. By studying their decays one gains information on both the meson-antimeson mixing amplitude and the decay amplitude involved and one can measure complex phases quantifying the violation of charge-parity (CP) violation. I present a comprehensive overview on the topic, starting with phenomenological presentations of $K$-$\bar{K}$, $B_d$-${\bar{B}}_d$, $B_s$-${\bar{B}}_s$, and $D$-$\bar{D}$ mixing. Highlights are the discovery of the violation of CP and other discrete symmetries, the predictions of the charm quark and its mass and a heavy top quark, and the confirmation of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism of CP violation. Further sections cover the theoretical formalism needed to describe meson-antimeson mixing and to calculate observables in terms of the fundamental parameters of the SM. I discuss the unitarity triangle of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, which is used to visualize how various CP-violating and CP-conserving quantities combine to probe the SM. I describe the emergence of precision flavor physics and the role of reliable theory calculations to link $K$-$\bar{K}$ mixing to $B_d$-${\bar{B}}_d$ mixing, which was essential to confirm the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, and present the current status of theory predictions. Today, the focus of the field is on physics beyond the SM, because meson-antimeson mixing amplitudes are sensitive to virtual effects of heavy particles with masses which are several orders of magnitude above the reach of current particle colliders.

    hep-ph2 citations
29. 29*

    More Effective RS Field Theory

    Severin Lüst🇫🇷 · Michael Nee🇺🇸 · Lisa Randall🇺🇸

    In this paper we derive the effective theory for a stabilized five-dimensional warped geometry, addressing several outstanding issues in this derivation. These include allowing for a non-zero 4d cosmological constant, accounting for constraints from both the UV and IR branes, and determining how the stabilized theory responds to an energy perturbation on each brane. We show how a consistent low-energy effective theory from a stable warped solution must respect a constraint that follows from the higher-dimensional Einstein equation. Satisfying the constraint requires that the 4d cosmological constant must be the same everywhere throughout the bulk, which means the stabilizing fields must adjust to allow for the same 4d curvature everywhere in the extra dimension. We show explicitly how this works in a 5d model, and how the correct 4d effective potential reproduces this behavior. We find that the cosmological constant generated from adding energy to one of the branes is unaffected by the details of the stabilization mechanism at leading order, despite the need for the stabilizing fields to adjust. In anticipation of a companion paper, we also briefly discuss how supersymmetry can be realized consistently in the 5d theory. In particular, we show how the stabilization mechanism remains consistent with sequestering, even as the supersymmetry-breaking energy is reflected in the stabilizing field throughout the bulk.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·6 citations
30. 30*

    Lepton Flavor Violation and Local Lepton Number

    Hridoy Debnath🇺🇸 · Pavel Fileviez Perez🇺🇸

    We investigate the predictions for lepton number violating processes within the minimal theory of neutrino masses based on the spontaneous breaking of local lepton number. In this framework, the symmetry is broken at the low scale, leading to the existence of a viable dark matter candidate. The new fermions required for anomaly cancellation mediate lepton number violating processes at the one-loop level. We present a detailed calculation of the most relevant processes, including $\mu \to e\gamma$, $\mu \to 3e$, and $\mu \to e$ conversion in nuclei. The regions of parameter space excluded by current experimental bounds are identified, and we emphasize the interplay between collider observables and charged lepton flavor violating signatures as a key test of this minimal theory of neutrino masses.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    BBN Constraints on the Hadronic Annihilation of sub-GeV Dark Matter

    Afif Omar🇨🇦 · Adam Ritz🇨🇦

    We investigate the impact of residual annihilation from sub-GeV mass thermal relic dark matter candidates during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Focusing on candidates with $p$-wave annihilation channels, we show that the hadronic injection of pions and kaons beyond freeze-out, and their subsequent interaction with protons and neutrons prior to the deuterium bottleneck, provides a sensitivity to annihilation that surpasses that of the CMB and indirect detection in the galaxy.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·7 citations
32. 32*

    On the Speed-up of Wave-like Dark Matter Searches with Entangled Qubits

    Arushi Bodas🇺🇸 · Sohitri Ghosh🇺🇸 · Roni Harnik🇺🇸

    Qubit-based sensing platforms offer promising new directions for wave-like dark matter searches. Recent proposals demonstrate that entangled qubits can achieve quadratic scaling of the signal in the number of qubits. In this work we expand on these proposals to analyze the bandwidth and scan rate performance of entangled qubit protocols across different error regimes. We find that the phase-based readout of entangled protocols preserves the search bandwidth independent of qubit number, in contrast to power-based detection schemes, thereby achieving a genuine scan-rate advantage. We derive coherence time and error rate requirements for qubit systems to realize this advantage. Applying our analysis to dark photon searches, we find that entangled states of approximately 100 qubits can become competitive with benchmark photon-counting cavity experiments for masses $\gtrsim 30-40\mu \mathrm{eV}$, provided sufficiently low error rates are achieved. The advantage increases at higher masses where cavity volume scaling becomes less favorable.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exquant-ph7 citations
33. 33*

    New Evidence for Extragalactic Einstein Probe Transients associated with Long Gamma-ray Bursts

    Qin-Mei Li🇨🇳 · Qi-Bin Sun🇨🇳 · Sheng-Bang Qian🇨🇳 · Fu-Xing Li🇨🇳

    The origin of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) remains a fundamental open question in high-energy astrophysics. The Einstein Probe (EP) mission provides a transformative opportunity to investigate their nature. While mounting observations of EP-discovered EFXTs (EP-EFXTs) suggest a possible connection to long gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs), an in-depth comparative analysis between them remains lacking. Here, we present a comparative analysis of their cosmic formation histories, revealing that EP-EFXTs and lGRBs share a similar evolutionary trend-showing a marked decline at $z<1.0$ and a plateau beyond $1.0<z<5$-which clearly distinguishes them from short GRBs. This result is derived from a rigorously selected sample of EP-EFXTs, using Lynden-Bell's $c^{-}$ method to reconstruct, for the first time, the luminosity function and formation rate of EP-EFXTs without any assumptions. Our findings provide independent evidence that EP-EFXTs and lGRBs may originate from a common progenitor channel.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJL(2026)·3 citations
34. 34*

    Covariance and the use of the Schrodinger equation in quantum field theory

    J. D. Franson🇺🇸

    The Schrodinger equation is not covariant. Nevertheless, quantum field theory is often formulated using the Schrodinger equation to describe the time evolution of the system, which is equivalent to using Feynman path integrals. It is well known that scattering theory gives covariant results provided that the interaction vanishes in the asymptotic limit of $t\to \pm \infty$, but there are other situations of interest that do not satisfy those conditions. As an example, the Aharonov-Bohm effect is derived here using second-quantized field theory to describe all the electrons as well as the electromagnetic field, which allows the effects of retarded vector potentials to be calculated in a straightforward way using the Feynman propagator. The results are in agreement with the usual expression for the Aharonov-Bohm effect when the retardation of the electromagnetic field is negligible, but they predict a fractional phase shift, a lack of covariance, and violations of causality when retardation effects are significant. One of the assumptions inherent in the usual proof of causality is shown to be invalid under these conditions. These results suggest that quantum field theory based on the Schrodinger equation or Feynman path integrals is incomplete in the sense that it cannot give a correct description of all observable phenomena.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph0 citations
35. 35*

    Quantum Integration Networks for Efficient Monte Carlo in High-Energy Physics

    Heechan Yi🇰🇷 · Kayoung Ban🇰🇷 · Myeonghun Park🇰🇷 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸

    Monte Carlo methods play a central role in particle physics, where they are indispensable for simulating scattering processes, modeling detector responses, and performing multi-dimensional integrals. However, traditional Monte Carlo methods often suffer from slow convergence and insufficient precision, particularly for functions with singular features such as rapidly varying regions or narrow peaks. Quantum circuits provide a promising alternative: compared to conventional neural networks, they can achieve rich expressivity with fewer parameters, and the parameter-shift rule provides an exact analytic form for circuit gradients, ensuring precise optimization. Motivated by these advantages, we investigate how sampling strategies and loss functions affect integration efficiency within the \textbf{Quantum Integration Network} (QuInt-Net). We compare adaptive and non-adaptive sampling approaches and examine the impact of different loss functions on accuracy and convergence. Furthermore, we explore three quantum circuit architectures for numerical integration: the data re-uploading model, the quantum signal processing protocol, and deterministic quantum computation with one qubit. The results provide new insights into optimizing QuInt-Nets for applications in high energy physics.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph3 citations
36. 36*

    Two decades of algorithmic Feynman integral reduction

    Alexander Smirnov🇷🇺 · Vladimir Smirnov🇷🇺

    We present a historiographical review of algorithms and computer codes developed for solving integration-by-parts relations for Feynman integrals. This procedure is one of the key steps in the evaluation of Feynman integrals, since it enables to express integrals belonging to a given family as linear combinations of master integrals. In this review, we restrict ourselves to considering general algorithms which can, in principle, be applied to any family of Feynman integrals.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph6 citations
37. 37*

    First galaxy ultraviolet luminosity function limits on dark matter-proton scattering

    Hovav Lazare🇮🇱 · Ely D. Kovetz🇮🇱 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Julian B. Munoz🇺🇸

    Scattering between dark matter (DM) and protons leads to suppressed small-scale fluctuations, with implications for a variety of cosmological observables. In this work, we search for evidence of DM-proton scattering with an interaction cross section $\sigma ={\sigma }_0(\frac{v}{c}{)}^n$ for $n=0,2$ and $4$, corresponding e.g. to velocity-independent contact interactions from heavy mediators, velocity-dependent pseudoscalar-mediated scattering, and higher-order dipole interactions, respectively, using high-redshift ($z\sim 4-10$) ultraviolet galaxy luminosity functions (UVLFs) observed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We employ an adjusted implementation of GALLUMI combined with the modified Boltzmann solver CLASS DMeff that accounts for interacting DM, and incorporate UVLF data from both blank and lensed HST fields, alongside Planck CMB data and the Pantheon supernova catalog in a Bayesian analysis framework to set constraints on ${\sigma }_0$. Our results show that including lensed UVLF data, which probe fainter galaxies than the blank HST fields and thus smaller scales, leads to a substantial improvement in the constraints on ${\sigma }_0$ for $n>0$, surpassing existing bounds from Milky-Way (MW) satellite abundance and CMB anisotropies. For $m_{\chi }=1\mathrm{MeV}$, for example, we set the upper bounds at $1.1\times 10^{-25}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2$ for $n=2$ and $2.1\times 10^{-22}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2$ for $n=4$. For $n=0$, our bound is within an order of magnitude of those from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and MW satellites.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRL(2026)·5 citations
38. 38*

    A family of three maximally symmetric boost-invariant flows in relativistic hydrodynamics

    Sašo Grozdanov🇬🇧

    I discuss the constructions of boost-invariant dissipative conformal hydrodynamic flows by elaborating on the geometric procedure by Gubser and Yarom, which starts from a static, maximally symmetric flow on dS${}_3\times \mathbb{R}$. Three foliations of dS${}_3$ preserve three-dimensional non-Abelian isometry groups, namely, the flat ISO(2)-invariant, the spherical (closed) SO(3)-invariant, and the hyperbolic (open) SO(2,1)-invariant slicings. I show that the fluids that preserve these symmetries, after they have been Weyl transformed to flat spacetime, give rise to three physically distinct and boost-invariant solutions of the relativistic dissipative Navier-Stokes equations: the well-known and widely studied Bjorken and Gubser flows, and a seemingly thus far unexplored solution that arises from the hyperbolic slicing of dS${}_3$. The new solution combines the radial expansion characteristic of the Gubser flow with the late-proper-time applicability of Bjorken's solution, and features a finite, radially bounded droplet whose expanding edge resembles a free-streaming shockwave.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thphysics.flu-dyn4 citations
39. 39*

    Probing vorticity through femtoscopic correlations

    Oleh Savchuk🇺🇸 · Pawel Danielewicz🇺🇸 · Daniel Kincses🇭🇺 · Agnieszka Sorensen🇺🇸

    In heavy-ion collisions, as the two nuclei pass through one another and create hot and dense matter, part of their initial angular momentum is transferred to the fireball, generating a nonzero average vorticity. Understanding heavy-ion collision dynamics and its influence on key observables, including those used to probe the initial state or assess thermodynamics of nuclear matter, requires understanding the magnitude of effects tied to vorticity. In this work, we use simulations of non-central Au+Au collisions at $E_{\mathrm{kin}}=1.23A\mathrm{GeV}$ to show that the rotation of the system impacts the space-time picture of particle emission and, in particular, leaves imprints on proton-pion femtoscopic correlations. Next, we use coarse-graining of the simulation outputs to extract the collective velocity as a function of position and time, shedding light on the dynamical origin of this effect. Moreover, we demonstrate that the displacement between the proton and pion emission centers quantifies the strength of the rotation and propose it as a new signal of vorticity in heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph3 citations
40. 40*

    Electron-positron pair creation in a supercritical static asymmetric potential well

    Z. L. Li🇨🇳 · A. R. Sun🇨🇳 · J. H. Xia🇨🇳 · J. X. Wu🇨🇳 · Y. J. Li🇨🇳

    The electron-positron pair creation in a supercritical static asymmetric potential well, which is composed of a subcritical and a supercritical potential separated by a fixed distance, is investigated using computational quantum field theory. To explain the discrete peaks in the positron energy spectrum, an analytical formula for determining the positions of bound states in a subcritical asymmetric potential well is derived and extended to the supercritical asymmetric potential well in two ways. One of the two methods can not only predict the positions of bound states, but also offer the pair creation rate. This study also reveals that the subcritical potential height can optimize the energy spread of created electrons, providing a new way to produce high-energy electron beams with concentrated energy in experiments. Moreover, it is found that the pair creation rate in a supercritical asymmetric potential well, composed of a subcritical symmetric potential well and a supercritical Sauter potential, exceeds the sum of the pair creation rates produced by each potential individually. This finding suggests a potential method for enhancing pair yield.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph0 citations
41. 41*

    Three Birds with One Stone: Core-Collapsed SIDM Halos as the Common Origin of Dense Perturbers in Lenses, Streams, and Satellites

    Hai-Bo Yu🇺🇸

    We show that core-collapsed self-interacting dark matter halos of mass $\sim 10^6{M}_{\odot }$, originally simulated to explain the dense perturber of the GD-1 stellar stream, also reproduce the structural properties inferred for the dense perturber detected in the strong lensing system JVAS B1938+666 from radio observations. Furthermore, these halos are sufficiently compact and dense to gravitationally capture field stars in satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, providing a natural explanation for the origin of Fornax 6, a stellar cluster in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Our results demonstrate that observations of halos with similar masses but residing in different cosmic environments offer a powerful and complementary probe of self-interacting dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phPRL(2026)·18 citations
42. 42*

    Detecting gravitational waves with spin systems

    Jiamin Liang🇨🇳 · Mingqiu Li🇨🇳 · Yu Gao🇨🇳 · Wei Ji🇨🇳 · Sichun Sun🇨🇳 · Qi-Shu Yan🇨🇳

    The observation of gravitational waves has opened a new window into the Universe through gravitational-wave astronomy. However, high-frequency gravitational waves remain undetected. In this work, we propose that spin systems can be employed to detect gravitational waves in this unexplored frequency regime. We derive the spin's response to gravitational waves and identify three distinct effects: the well-known Gertsenshtein effect, a metric-induced interaction, and the gravitational spin Hall effect. We focus on nuclear spins and utilize nuclear magnetic resonance to enhance the gravitational response, leveraging the advantages of long coherence time, high polarization, and a small gyromagnetic ratio. The proposed experimental scheme is capable of probing gravitational waves in the kilohertz to gigahertz range, with projected sensitivities reaching $\sqrt{S_h}\approx 10^{-20}{\mathrm{Hz}}^{-1/2}$.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.atom-ph+13 citations
43. 43*

    Resonant W and Z Boson Production in FSRQ Jets: Implications for Diffuse Neutrino Fluxes

    Ji-Hoon Ha🇰🇷 · Ibragim Alikhanov🇷🇺

    Blazars, particularly Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), are well-known for their ability to accelerate a substantial population of electrons and positrons, as inferred from multiwavelength radiation observations. Therefore, these astrophysical objects are promising candidates for studying high-energy electron--positron interactions, such as the production of $W^{\pm }$ and $Z$ bosons. In this work, we explore the implications of electron--positron annihilation processes in the jet environments of FSRQs, focusing on the resonant production of electroweak bosons and their potential contribution to the diffuse neutrino flux. By modeling the electron distribution in the jet of the FSRQ 3C~279 during a flaring state, we calculate the reaction rates for $W^{\pm }$ and $Z$ bosons and estimate the resulting diffuse fluxes from the cosmological population of FSRQs. We incorporate the FSRQ luminosity function and its redshift evolution to account for the population distribution across cosmic time, finding that the differential flux contribution exhibits a pronounced peak at redshift $z\sim 1$. While the expected fluxes remain well below the detection thresholds of current neutrino observatories such as IceCube, KM3NeT, or Baikal-GVD, the flux from $Z$ boson production within the jet blob is many orders of magnitude smaller than the total diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux. These results provide a theoretical benchmark for the role of Standard Model electroweak processes in extreme astrophysical environments, highlighting the interplay between particle physics and astrophysics, and illustrating that even extremely rare high-energy interactions can leave a subtle, theoretically meaningful imprint on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino background.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2026)·0 citations
44. 44*

    Detection of Axion Stars in Galactic Magnetic Fields

    Kuldeep J. Purohit🇮🇳 · Jitesh R. Bhatt🇮🇳 · Subhendra Mohanty🇮🇳 · Prashant K. Mehta🇮🇳

    We perform a linear mode analysis of a uniformly distributed cloud of axion-like particles (ALPs) embedded in a magnetized intergalactic medium, in order to investigate the stability of axion stars under realistic astrophysical conditions. We find that when the frequency $\omega$ of transverse waves is much smaller than the collision frequency ${\nu }_c$ of the intergalactic plasma, the conversion of ALPs into photons occurs on timescales far longer than the age of the Universe, ensuring stability of the star. In the opposite regime, $\omega \gg {\nu }_c$, significant axion-to-photon conversion may occur if the condition $\frac{{\beta }^2}{m_a^2-{\omega }_p^2}<1$ is satisfied, where $\beta$ depends on the ALP--photon coupling and the magnetic field, $m_a$ is the ALP mass, and ${\omega }_p$ is the plasma frequency. We have calculated up to second order in perturbations to compute the effect of an ALP star. Since the calculated value of parameter ${\beta }^2$ is extremely small in comparison with ${\omega }_p^2$, we argue that the direct detection of an axion star is highly unlikely in experiments like NCLE. However, since the calculated $\beta$ is extremely small compared to ${\omega }_p$, this requires an unrealistically fine-tuned coincidence between $m_a$ and ${\omega }_p$. As a consequence we argue that that detection of Our results therefore suggest that axion stars remain stable in typical intergalactic environments, though extreme magnetic fields (e.g.\ near magnetars) may lead to different outcomes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph0 citations
45. 45*

    How Gravity Can Explain the Collapse of the Wavefunction

    Sabine Hossenfelder🇩🇪

    I present a simple argument for why a fundamental theory that unifies matter and gravity gives rise to what seems to be a collapse of the wavefunction. The resulting model is local, parameter-free and makes testable predictions.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph2 citations
46. 46*

    Hydrodynamic properties in soliton field theory

    Qian Chen🇨🇳

    The crucial role of hydrodynamic instabilities in soliton field theory is revealed. We demonstrate that the essential of soliton formation mechanism is the sound mode instability induced by thermodynamic instability. This instability triggers phase separation, where new thermal phases are generated to produce solitons. These solitons can be regarded as a coexistence state composed of a matter phase and a vacuum phase, with an interface providing surface tension to maintain dynamical equilibrium. The phase separation mechanism naturally allows the existence of vacuum bubbles, characterized by a vacuum phase surrounded by a matter phase with negative pressure. Furthermore, we show that the soliton interface resembles a fluid membrane, whose interface pressure satisfies a Young-Laplace-type relation, resulting in the emergence of the membrane instability induced by surface tension. In the thin-wall limit, the dispersion relation is analytically derived. This instability triggers topological transition of the interface, splitting a cylindrical interface into multiple spheres with a smaller total surface area. Such results highlight the duality between solitons and fluids, providing a field theory description for hydrodynamics with interfaces.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph1 citation
47. 47*

    Updated constraints on interacting dark energy: A comprehensive analysis using multiple CMB probes, DESI DR2, and supernovae observations

    Tian-Nuo Li🇺🇸 · Guo-Hong Du🇺🇸 · Yun-He Li🇺🇸 · Yichao Li🇺🇸 · Jia-Le Ling🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Recent DESI baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, combined with Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data and DESY5 type Ia supernova (SN) data, indicate a significant deviation from $\Lambda$CDM, which seems to suggest that this deviation can be explained by an interaction between dark energy and dark matter. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis by utilizing the latest DESI DR2 BAO data in conjunction with CMB data from ACT, SPT, Planck, and WMAP, along with SN data from PantheonPlus and DESY5. We consider four interacting dark energy (IDE) models with different forms of the interaction term $Q$. Our analysis indicates that CMB experiments other than Planck enhance the evidence for an interaction in the IDE models with $Q\propto {\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$. In particular, when using the SPT+DESI+DESY5 data, the IDE model with $Q=\beta H_0{\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$ gives $\beta =-0.4170\pm 0.1220$, with a deviation from zero reaching $3.4\sigma$ level. When replacing DESY5 with PantheonPlus, this deviation weakens to $2.1\sigma$ level, but remains relatively significant. Furthermore, the Bayes factors of the IDE model with $Q=\beta H_0{\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$ are positive in all cases, providing a moderate-to-strong preference over $\Lambda$CDM. Overall, our comprehensive analysis clearly suggests that the IDE models with $Q\propto {\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$ (especially, $Q=\beta H_0{\rho }_{\mathrm{de}}$) provide strong evidence supporting the existence of interaction and are more preferred by the current cosmological data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph47 citations
48. 48*

    GraviGUT unification with revisited Pati-Salam model

    Stephon Alexander🇺🇸 · Bruno Alexandre🇬🇧 · Michael Fine🇬🇧 · João Magueijo🇬🇧 · Edžus Nākums🇬🇧

    We propose a graviGUT unification scheme based on the simple orthogonal group $\mathrm{SO}(1,9,\mathbb{C})$ that resolves the chiral duplication of weak isospin in Pati--Salam models. In the conventional $SU(4)\times SU(2{)}_{+}\times SU(2{)}_{-}$ framework, the unobserved second chiral $SU(2)$ is typically removed by ad hoc high-energy scale breaking. Here we instead \emph{geometrize} it: one $SU(2)$ factor is identified with a chiral half of the Lorentz group, so it belongs to gravity rather than to an additional weak force. This identification becomes natural inside $\mathrm{SO}(1,9,\mathbb{C})$, where the algebra decomposes as $\mathfrak{so}(1,3{)}_{\mathbb{C}}\oplus \mathfrak{so}(6{)}_{\mathbb{C}}\oplus (\text{coset})$. We construct a parity-symmetric chiral action that, upon breaking \emph{dynamically} selects one chirality: the surviving Yang--Mills factor is identified with $SU(2{)}_{+}$, while the opposite chirality persists as the gravitational chiral connection. These lead to concrete phenomenological handles, including graviton and weak-boson vertices with the other fundamental forces in $SU(3)$ and $U(1)$ and parity-sensitive gravitational-wave signatures, that distinguish the $\mathrm{SO}(1,9,\mathbb{C})$ construction from both traditional Pati--Salam and larger, less economical unifications.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph1 citation
49. 49*

    Observation of ballistic plasma and memory in high-energy gauge theory dynamics

    Daniel K. Mark🇺🇸 · Federica M. Surace🇺🇸 · Thomas Schuster🇺🇸 · Adam L. Shaw🇺🇸 · Wenjie Gong🇺🇸 · Soonwon Choi🇺🇸 · Manuel Endres🇺🇸

    Gauge theories describe the fundamental forces of nature. However, high-energy dynamics, such as the formation of quark-gluon plasmas, is notoriously difficult to model with classical methods. Quantum simulation offers a promising alternative in this regime, yet experiments have mainly probed low energies. Here, we observe the formation of a ballistic plasma and long-time memory effects in high-energy gauge theory dynamics on a high-precision quantum simulator. Both observations are unexpected, as the initial state - fully filled with particle-antiparticle pairs - was thought to rapidly thermalize. Instead, we find correlations spreading ballistically to long distances and a memory of charge clusters. Our observations cannot be explained by many-body scars, but are captured by a new theory of plasma oscillations between electric field and current operators, persisting all the way to the continuum limit of the (1+1)D Schwinger model, of which we simulate a lattice version. Adapting techniques from quantum optics, we visualize plasma oscillations as rotations of Wigner distributions, leading to a novel set of predictions which we test in experiment and numerics. The new framework encompasses both our scenario and scars, which show up as coherent states of the plasma. The experimental surprises we observe in the high-energy dynamics of a simple gauge theory point to the potential of high-precision quantum simulations of gauge theories for general scientific discovery.

    ↳ quant-phcond-mat.quant-gashep-lathep-ph30 citations
50. 50*

    The Magic Barrier before Thermalization

    Lukas Ebner🇩🇪 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Andreas Schäfer🇩🇪 · Leonhard Schmotzer🇩🇪 · Clemens Seidl🇩🇪 · Xiaojun Yao🇺🇸

    We investigate the time dependence of anti-flatness in the entanglement spectrum, a measure for non-stabilizerness and lower bound for non-local quantum magic resource, on a subsystem of a linear SU(2) plaquette chain during thermalization. Tracing the time evolution of a large number of initial states, we find that the anti-flatness exhibits a barrier-like maximum during the time period when the entanglement entropy of the subsystem grows rapidly from the initial value to the microcanonical entropy. The location of the peak is strongly correlated with the time when the entanglement exhibits the strongest growth. This behavior is found for generic highly excited initial computational basis states and persists for coupling constants across the ergodic regime, revealing a universal structure of the entanglement spectrum during thermalization. We conclude that quantitative simulations of thermalization for nonabelian gauge theories require quantum computing. We speculate that this property generalizes to other quantum chaotic systems, a conjecture supported by analogous behavior observed in real-time simulations of the mixed-field Ising model.

    ↳ quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-ph+1PRL(2026)·17 citations
51. 51*

    Back-reflection in dipole fields and beyond

    Maksim Valialshchikov🇩🇪 · Felix Karbstein🇩🇪 · Daniel Seipt🇩🇪 · Matt Zepf🇩🇪

    Quantum reflection is a fascinating signature of the quantum vacuum that emerges from inhomogeneities in the electromagnetic fields. In pursuit of the prospective real-world implementation of quantum reflection in the back-reflection channel, we provide the first numerical estimates for the light-by-light scattering with dipole pulses, which are known to provide the tightest focusing of light possible. For an all-optical setup with a dipole pump and Gaussian probe of the same frequency, we find that the dominant signal signature is related mainly to the back-reflection channel from 4-wave mixing. Focusing on this, we study the particular case of a multiple focusing pulses configuration (belt configuration) as an approximation to the idealized dipole pulse. Using Bayesian optimization methods, we determine optimal parameters that maximize the detectability of a discernible back-reflection signal. Our study indicates that the optimization favors a three-beam collision setup, which we further investigate both numerically and analytically.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
52. 52*

    Black Hole Ringdown Amplitudescopy

    Francesco Crescimbeni🇮🇹 · Xisco Jimenez-Forteza🇪🇸 · Paolo Pani🇮🇹

    Black hole ringdowns in extensions of General Relativity (GR) generically exhibit two distinct signatures: (1) theory-dependent shifts in the standard black-hole quasinormal modes, and (2) additional modes arising from extra fundamental fields -- such as scalar, vector, or tensor degrees of freedom -- that can also contribute to the gravitational-wave signal. As recently argued, in general both effects are present simultaneously, and accurately modeling them is essential for robust tests of GR in the ringdown regime. In this work, we investigate the impact of extra field-induced modes, which are often neglected in standard ringdown analyses, on the interpretation of gravitational-wave signals. To provide some concrete examples, we focus on dynamical Chern-Simons and Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories, well-motivated extensions of GR, characterized respectively by a parity-odd and a parity-even coupling between a dynamical scalar field and quadratic curvature invariants. We show that including extra field-induced modes improves the bounds on these theories compared to standard spectroscopy and also allows for equally constraining complementary tests not based on quasinormal mode shifts. Our analysis highlights the relevance of incorporating extra field-induced modes in ringdown templates and assesses their potential to either bias or enhance constraints on GR deviations.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2026)·5 citations
53. 53*

    Sequestered Conformal Anomaly Mediation (SCAM)

    Michael Nee🇺🇸 · Lisa Randall🇺🇸

    Supersymmetric models in singular extra dimensional spaces feature prominently in many interesting phenomenological models, including those derived from string theory. In this paper we explicitly derive the low energy theory of phenomenologically viable supersymmetric theories in five dimensions, and highlight several aspects of these models that are not obvious from working solely in the 4d effective theory. Important deviations arise for anomaly mediation, which is purported to be a predictive mechanism to mediate supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking that is naturally most relevant in extra dimensional theories. Despite this, most analyses of anomaly mediation have been performed in the 4d effective theory. We fill this gap in the literature by constructing stabilized supersymmetric theories in 5d and studying supersymmetry breaking and anomaly mediation. Studying Sequestered Conformal Anomaly-Mediated (SCAM) in full generality reveals important deviations from the 4d EFT expectations, particularly for the role of boundary superpotentials, the radion and the predicted universality of anomaly mediation. We discuss the requirements for viable extra dimensional models of SUSY-breaking, and demonstrate when and how the anomaly-mediated masses in 5d reduce to the naıve 4d supersymmetric result. In many cases supersymmetry is necessarily broken at the 5d level, leading to anomaly-mediated and other supersymmetry breaking masses that are not derivable in a simple supersymmetric 4d EFT, but need to be included as matching corrections. We comment on the potential implications of our methods for phenomenology and singular higher-dimensional constructions, such as the KKLT scenario.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph1 citation
54. 54*

    Efficiency correction of particle-averaged quantities

    Masakiyo Kitazawa🇯🇵 · ShinIchi Esumi🇯🇵 · Takafumi Niida🇯🇵 · Toshihiro Nonaka🇯🇵

    We derive analytic formulas to reconstruct particle-averaged quantities from experimental results that suffer from the efficiency loss of particle measurements. These formulas are derived under the assumption that the probabilities of observing individual particles are independent. The formulas do not agree with the conventionally used intuitive formulas.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phnucl-ex+1PTEP(2026)·0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.