PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Aug 15, 2025

20 papers13 primary·7 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    Fermion mass ratios from the exceptional Jordan algebra

    Tejinder P. Singh🇮🇳

    The origin of the three fermion generations and their highly hierarchical mass spectra remains one of the most profound puzzles in particle physics. We show that the complexified exceptional Jordan algebra , the natural mathematical framework for the exceptional Lie group , provides a unified explanation for both. The three generations arise from the three off-diagonal Peirce slots of , each carrying an isomorphic minimal-ideal fiber and permuted cyclically by triality ; pre-breaking, the three families are identical by symmetry. After triality breaking the residual flavor symmetry organises the three generations of each family as a multiplet, the minimal -symmetric degree-3 arena consistent with the cubic structure of the Jordan determinant and the unique -invariant Yukawa. The mass-ratio formula follows from a one-line diagonal-action theorem: when is Jordan-diagonalised to , the induced action on the monomial basis is diagonal with eigenvalues , so a fermion identified with the weight state has and adjacent generations related by an edge move have -ratios that depend only on the edge type (, , ). We refer to this as ; it is monomial arithmetic, not a Clebsch-Gordan cancellation. The universal Jordan eigenvalue spectrum with is fixed by the cubic on the coassociative slice of . [abstract truncated]

    hep-ph12 citations
  2. 02*

    Effective Field Theory Factorization for Diffraction

    Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Stella T. Schindler🇺🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸

    We derive a factorization formula for coherent and incoherent diffraction using the soft collinear effective theory, utilizing multiple power expansion parameters to handle different kinematic regions. This goes beyond the known hard-collinear diffractive factorization to address the small- Regge dynamics and Pomeron exchange from first principles. The effective field theory analysis also uncovers and factorizes an important irreducible incoherent background generated by color-nonsinglet exchange, dubbed "quasi-diffraction", for which we calculate the associated Sudakov suppression. For unpolarized scattering we show that there are four diffractive structure functions at leading power, and point out the importance of studying through asymmetries, in addition to . For the quasi-diffractive background, we make model independent predictions for ratios of the corresponding structure functions in a perturbative kinematic region. Our analysis also makes predictions for six leading-power spin-dependent structure functions. Finally, we provide connections to diffractive parton distributions, and assess the Ingelman-Schlein model. Our work lays a path for further QCD-based studies of diffraction.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2025)·8 citations
  3. 03*

    Rephasing Invariant Formula for CP Phase in Kobayashi-Maskawa Parametrization and Exact Sum Rule with Unitarity Triangle

    Masaki J. S. Yang🇯🇵

    In this letter, we obtain a rephasing invariant formula for the CP phase in the Kobayashi--Maskawa parameterization . General perturbative expansion of the formula and observed value reveal that the phase difference of the 1-2 mixings is close to maximal for sufficiently small 1-3 quark mixings . Moreover, combining this result with another formula for the CP phase in the PDG parameterization, we derived an exact sum rule which relating the phases and the angles of the unitarity triangle.

    hep-phPTEP(2026)·12 citations
  4. 04*

    Analyzing the magnitude of two loop corrections to the muon magnetic dipole moment in the mass insertion approximation

    Shu-Min Zhao🇨🇳 · Song Gao🇨🇳 · Xing-Xing Dong🇨🇳 · Ming-Yue Liu🇨🇳

    With the development of muon magnetic dipole moment (MDM) experiments, particularly the high-precision measurements at Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), experimental data have become increasingly precise. Up to now, the deviation of muon MDM between the experimental data and the standard model prediction is still existing, which may be caused by the new physics contribution. The two loop supersymmetric diagrams can produce important corrections to muon MDM. For many two loop diagrams, we analyse the order of the contribution to select the important two loop diagrams and neglect the tiny one, which is in favor of distinguishing the important two loop diagrams from all the two loop diagrams. In our analysis, we use the mass insertion approximation. There is no rotation matrix during the study and the resulting factors become more intuitive, so the mass insertion method is more suitable for this study of ours.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
  5. 05*

    Doubly heavy spin- baryons spectrum in the ground and excited states

    M. Shekari Tousi🇮🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷

    This study employs QCD sum rules to predict the masses and residues of spin- doubly heavy baryons including two heavy quarks (c and/or b) and one light quark, specifically focusing on , , , , and . Our study provides results for the ground state (), first orbital excitation (), and the first radial excitation (), within a consistent theoretical framework. In addition to mass spectra, we provide residue calculations as well. The calculated residues are essential for estimating the decay widths and branching ratios of these baryons at different decay channels. Our analysis incorporates nonperturbative QCD effects through operators up to dimension ten, leading to improved precision in the mass and residue calculations. These predictions offer crucial guidance for ongoing and future experimental searches, particularly in light of the current lack of empirical data for the ground and excited states, and provide a basis for comparison with future experimental data.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2026)·1 citation
  6. 06*

    Gravitational Wave Spectrum from the Production of Dark Matter via the freeze-in Mechanism

    Yonghua Wang🇨🇳 · Wei Chao🇨🇳

    Since the first detection of gravitational waves by ground-based interferometers, it has emerged as a novel probe for exploring physics in the early universe. The particle nature of cold dark matter (DM) and its underlying production mechanisms remain long-standing unresolved issues in the field. Notably, if DM is generated through the freeze-in mechanism in the early universe, direct laboratory detection becomes extraordinarily challenging due to its extremely weak coupling with standard model particles. In this study, we calculate the graviton bremsstrahlung process involved in the freeze-in production of dark matter, deriving the gravitational wave spectra for both the conventional freeze-in mechanism and ultraviolet freeze-in scenarios. Our analysis reveals that these spectra exhibit distinct characteristics, though they fall beyond the detection limits of currently proposed gravitational wave experiments. However, advancements in high-frequency gravitational wave detection technologies in the future may offer a means to indirectly probe the ultraviolet freeze-in mechanism.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE5 citations
  7. 07*

    Right handed neutrino production from interactions in forward search experiments

    ShivaSankar K.A · Souvik Das · Arindam Das · Sanjoy Mandal🇰🇷

    We study two general extensions of the Standard Model (SM) those generate tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism after general breaking. These models predict a new neutral gauge boson () and right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the latter introduced for anomaly cancellation and neutrino mass generation. In both scenarios, left- and right-handed fermions couple differently to the , and RHNs mix with light neutrinos, enabling variety of decay modes. Focusing on the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future FASER2 experiment, we explore RHN pair production from decays in two cases: (i) long-lived decays to visible modes and long-lived RHNs, and (ii) short-lived decays to long-lived RHNs, which further decay visibly inside FASER2. We estimate projected limits on the general gauge coupling, mass, RHN mass, and light-heavy neutrino mixing for various charge assignments, and compare them with current experimental bounds.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·11 citations
  8. 08*

    Mass spectrum of the states

    Bing-Dong Wan🇨🇳 · Jun-Hao Zhang🇨🇳 · Yan Zhang🇨🇳

    In this study, we investigate the mass spectrum of the states with quantum numbers , , , and within the framework of QCD sum rules. Employing suitably constructed interpolating currents, the analyses are carried out with the operator product expansion (OPE) including condensate contributions up to dimension . Our results indicate the existence of four possible baryonium states with masses GeV, GeV, GeV, and GeV. For the and states, the predicted masses lie below the corresponding dibaryon thresholds, suggesting possible bound-state configurations. In contrast, the and states are found above the respective thresholds, implying resonance-like behavior. Potential decay channels for these baryonium candidates are discussed, with emphasis on those accessible to current experimental facilities such as BESIII, Belle II, and LHCb.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·8 citations
  9. 09*

    Unification of Gravity and Standard Model: Weyl-Dirac-Born-Infeld action

    D. M. Ghilencea🇷🇴

    We construct a unified (quantum) description, by the gauge principle, of gravity and Standard Model (SM), that generalises the Dirac-Born-Infeld action to the SM and Weyl geometry, hereafter called Weyl-Dirac-Born-Infeld action (WDBI). The theory is formulated in dimensions. The WDBI action is a general gauge theory of SM and Weyl group (of dilatations and Poincaré symmetry), in the Weyl gauge covariant (metric!) formulation of Weyl geometry. The theory is SM and Weyl gauge invariant in dimensions and there is no Weyl anomaly. The WDBI action has the unique elegant feature, not present in other gauge theories or even in string theory, that it is mathematically well-defined in dimensions with no need to introduce in the action a UV regulator scale or field. This action actually {\it predicts} that gravity, through (Weyl covariant) space-time curvature , acts as UV regulator of both SM and gravity in . A series expansion of the WDBI action (in dimensionless couplings) recovers in the leading order a Weyl gauge invariant version of SM and the Weyl (gauge theory of) quadratic gravity. The SM and Einstein-Hilbert gravity are recovered in the Stueckelberg broken phase of Weyl gauge symmetry, which restores Riemannian geometry below Planck scale. Sub-leading orders are suppressed by powers of (dimensionless) gravitational coupling () of Weyl quadratic gravity.

    hep-phgr-qchep-thPRD(2025)·6 citations
  10. 10*

    Addressing Local Realism through Bell Tests at Colliders

    Matthew Low🇺🇸

    One of the most notable aspects of quantum systems is that their components can exhibit correlations much stronger than those allowed by classical physics. Two examples of quantum correlations are quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality, but generally there is a hierarchy of many types of quantum correlations. Among these correlations, Bell nonlocality holds a special place because it plays a dual role in distinguishing theories where local realism is a valid description. A Bell test, which is a test of local realism, typically needs to be augmented with assumptions to address possible loopholes in the experimental setup. In this work, we study Bell tests in experiments in which the detector reports the correct outcome with a specified probability. This mirrors the situation at high-energy colliders, where particle spins are not measured directly but inferred from the angular distributions of their decay products. We show that, in this setup, a test of local realism is not possible. Quantum correlations, however, are still present, measurable, and informative in high-energy colliders.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2025)·30 citations
  11. 11*

    Shedding light on dark matter spikes through refractive neutrino masses

    Federica Pompa🇫🇷 · Manibrata Sen🇮🇳

    The origin of neutrino mass remains an open question in particle physics. One intriguing possibility is that neutrinos are massless in vacuum but acquire an effective refractive mass through interactions with ultralight dark matter during propagation. We investigate the capability of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to probe such refractive masses using the time-of-flight delays of neutrinos from a galactic core-collapse supernova. Our analysis shows that DUNE can set competitive bounds on the refractive neutrino mass, with sensitivity significantly enhanced if neutrinos traverse a dark matter density spike near the Galactic Center. In particular, we quantify how the presence of a spike modifies the projected limits, demonstrating that supernova neutrino observations at DUNE provide a powerful and novel avenue to test both the nature of neutrino masses and the distribution of dark matter in the innermost regions of the Milky Way.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2026)·4 citations
  12. 12*

    Observable Optimization for Precision Theory: Machine Learning Energy Correlators

    Arindam Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Katherine Fraser🇺🇸 · Matthew D. Schwartz🇺🇸

    The practice of collider physics typically involves the marginalization of multi-dimensional collider data to uni-dimensional observables relevant for some physics task. In any cases, such as classification or anomaly detection, the observable can be arbitrarily complicated, such as the output of a neural network. However, for precision measurements, the observable must correspond to something computable systematically beyond the level of current simulation tools. In this work, we demonstrate that precision-theory-compatible observable space exploration can be systematized by using neural simulation-based inference techniques from machine learning. We illustrate this approach by exploring the space of marginalizations of the energy 3-point correlator to optimize sensitivity to the the top quark mass. We first learn the energy-weighted probability density from simulation, then search in the space of marginalizations for an optimal triangle shape. Although simulations and machine learning are used in the process of observable optimization, the output is an observable definition which can be then computed to high precision and compared directly to data without any memory of the computations which produced it. We find that the optimal marginalization is isosceles triangles on the sphere with a side ratio approximately (i.e. right triangles) within the set of marginalizations we consider.

    hep-phhep-thphysics.data-anJHEP(2026)·3 citations
  13. 13*

    Understanding large localized CP violation in using dispersive methods

    L. A. Heuser🇩🇪 · A. Reyes-Torrecilla🇪🇸 · C. Hanhart🇩🇪 · B. Kubis🇩🇪 · P. C. Magalhães🇧🇷 · T. Mannel🇩🇪 · J. R. Peláez🇪🇸

    We utilize the universality of pion-pion () final-state interactions at small invariant masses to understand the enhanced localized CP violation in , using a dispersive approach. From a fit to the integrated CP-asymmetry data, we successfully predict the Dalitz-plot kinematic distribution of the asymmetry in the low-energy region, including the large localized CP violation recently observed by LHCb. An essential role is played by the contributions of isospin 2. This formalism, whose parameters have a physical meaning, can be adapted straightforwardly to other systems with CP violation enhanced by final-state interactions.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2026)·6 citations
  14. 14*

    Probing Nucleon-Interaction via Lattice QCD at Physical Quark Masses

    Liang Zhang🇨🇳 · Takumi Doi🇯🇵 · Yan Lyu🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hatsuda🇯🇵 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳

    We study the S-wave interactions between the nucleon () and the triply charmed Omega baryon () using (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with a physical pion mass ( MeV) on a lattice volume . The charm quark is implemented with a relativistic heavy-quark action at its physical mass. Employing the time-dependent HAL QCD method, the - potentials in the spin-1 () and spin-2 () channels are extracted. In both channels, overall attraction is found with the scattering parameters, fm and fm for the channel, and fm and fm for the channel, indicating the absence of a dibaryon bound state. The extracted potentials are further decomposed into spin-independent and spin-dependent components. The spin-independent potential is a dominant component and features a short-range attractive core and a long-range attractive tail, while the spin-dependent potential shows short-range attraction (repulsion) in the spin-1 (spin-2) channel. Qualitative comparisons with previous studies of the - and - systems at MeV are provided, emphasizing the role of heavy-hadron chromo-polarizability arising from soft-gluon exchange between the nucleon and flavor-singlet hadrons. The charm quark mass dependence of the - potential is investigated as well.

    hep-lathep-phnucl-thPLB(2025)·8 citations
  15. 15*

    Parity violation in framework of nonmetricity gravity

    Zhiyuan Yu🇨🇳 · Zhengsheng Yang🇨🇳 · Taotao Qiu🇨🇳

    The latest observational data of Planck satellite shows nontrivial value of polarization rotation angle caused by cosmic birefringence in the early universe. Moreover, the asymmetry of baryons versus anti-baryons still remains mysterious. Both of them indicates that there should be hidden new physics such as fundamental symmetry breaking. In this paper, we try to interpret these two events in framework of nonmetricity modified gravity. We introduce an interaction term between nonmetricity-based function and matter current, and calculate both the rotation angle and baryon-to-photon ratio. We also constrain the model parameters using the current observational data. With some specific examples, we demonstrate that in nonmetricity gravity theory, these two events can be interpreted in a unified way. Nevertheless, the minimal coupling of nonmetricity scalar and the matter current might not be favored.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thSCPMA(2026)·1 citation
  16. 16*

    Momentum expansions in finite-density perturbative calculations

    Mika Nurmela🇫🇮 · Juuso Österman🇫🇮

    Complex-valued Feynman integrals in the imaginary time formalism and zero-temperature limit suffer from particular types of infrared divergences that can not be regulated by integration dimension alone. Related problems leading to integration order dependent results are even further pronounced in the presence of additional scales such as external momenta. This plays a noticeable role in systems featuring fermionic degrees of freedom such as cold Quantum Chromodynamics, where loop integrals are complexified by chemical potential(s). Working in the limit of vanishing temperature, we utilize novel complex-valued extensions to bubble Feynman integrals and study momentum expansions of fermionic loop integrals. The expansions are then used to illustrate the mechanisms of manifested discrepancies between orders of integration, associated with the residue theorem. Finally, we address the issues by introducing a representation avoiding the observed ambiguity and briefly overview classes of integrals insensitive to problems from external momenta.

    hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·0 citations
  17. 17*

    On frequentist confidence intervals in a non-Gaussian regime

    Shubham Barua🇮🇳 · Shantanu Desai🇮🇳 · Mauricio Lopez-Hernandez🇲🇽 · Eoin Ó Colgáin🇮🇪

    We study frequentist confidence intervals based on graphical profile likelihoods (Wilks' theorem, likelihood integration), and the Feldman-Cousins (FC) prescription, a generalisation of the Neyman belt construction, in a setting with non-Gaussian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) posteriors. Our simplified setting allows us to recycle the MCMC chain as an input in all methods, including mock simulations underlying the FC approach. We find all methods agree to within in the close to Gaussian regime, but extending methods beyond their regime of validity leads to greater discrepancies. Importantly, we recover a shift in cosmological parameters between low and high redshift cosmic chronometer data with the FC method, but only when one fits all parameters back to the mocks. We observe that fixing parameters, a common approach in the literature, risks underestimating confidence intervals.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phEPJC(2026)·4 citations
  18. 18*

    Scalar-induced gravitational waves with non-Gaussianity up to all orders

    Xiang-Xi Zeng🇨🇳 · Zhuan Ning🇨🇳 · Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Shao-Jiang Wang🇨🇳

    Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are ubiquitous in many early-Universe processes accompanied by non-Gaussianity; while Gaussian perturbation can generate significant SIGWs, computations of SIGWs can be significantly affected and enhanced if the scalar perturbations have some degree of non-Gaussianity; hence, precise calculations of these kinds of SIGWs involve a full understanding of non-Gaussianity. In this Letter, we propose to use the lattice simulations to directly calculate the energy density spectra of SIGWs with non-Gaussianity up to all orders. Our proposal has been first verified to match the existing semi-analytical results with non-Gaussianity, and then applied to more general cases, including high-order primordial non-Gaussianities, the logarithmic dependence in curvature perturbations, the curvaton model, and the ultra slow-roll model. We find that even a modest non-Gaussianity can significantly alter ultraviolet behaviors in SIGW spectra, necessitating special cautions in future detections as well as mutual constraints on/from primordial black holes.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph23 citations
  19. 19*

    Probing phase transitions and microscopic interactions in quasi-topological black holes

    Apurba Tiwari🇮🇳 · Randeep Kaur🇮🇳 · Aruri Devaraju🇮🇳 · Jaya Prakash Kode🇮🇳 · Apparao Damarasingu🇮🇳 · Silamanthula Hari Krishna🇮🇳 · Akshay Gharat🇷🇺

    In this paper, we examine the thermodynamic geometry of four-dimensional quasi-topological black holes by computing the Ruppeiner scalar curvature R which serves as an empirical tool to describe the nature of interactions among black hole microstructures. In four dimensions, we write novel black hole solutions within the framework of generalized quasi-topological gravity, extended through a fundamental p-form field. Temperature, entropy, and thermodynamic volume are explicitly expressed using the extended first law. The nature of the interactions between the microstructure is then revealed by computing R, where positive curvature indicates repulsion dominant interactions and negative curvature indicates the dominance of attraction. Our approach uses divergences and sign changing nature of R to identify critical points and phase transitions. Further, our analysis reveals a notably streamlined thermodynamic behavior, a single zero-crossing of curvature R, marking a second-order phase transition and offering direct insight into the underlying microstructure interactions.

    gr-qchep-phhep-thNPB(2025)·1 citation
  20. 20*

    Numerical Simulation for General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics in Dynamic Spacetimes

    Beibei Li🇨🇳

    We present a novel spectral solver for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics on dynamical spacetimes. By combining a high order discontinuous spectral method on mapped Chebyshev Fourier grids, our scheme attains exponential convergence. Implemented within a unified BSSN Valencia framework, the code evolves both Einstein and MHD fields self consistently, enabling fully coupled simulations of black hole accretion jet systems. We demonstrate spectral accuracy and entropy stability through convergence tests, and validate physical fidelity via equatorial embedding diagrams of horizon crossing GRMHD variables in Kerr Schild coordinates. Three dimensional scatter visualizations further highlight the solver's capability to capture complex magnetized plasma structures around rotating black holes. This approach paves the way for high order, low dissipation GRMHD simulations on exascale architectures, opening new avenues for precise modeling of strong field astrophysical phenomena.

    astro-ph.HEcs.NAhep-phmath.NA0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.