Fri·Aug 1, 2025Friday·August 1, 2025

1. 01*

   Studying Two-Photon Exchange in Deep Inelastic Scattering with the HERA Data

   Henry T. Klest🇺🇸

   Two-photon exchange (TPE) is one of the leading explanations for discrepancies in measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factors. It has been proposed that TPE could impact not only elastic scattering, but also the cross sections for both inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive DIS, thereby affecting the interpretation of DIS structure functions in terms of parton distributions. It is expected that higher-order QED effects such as TPE should manifest as a deviation from unity in the ratio of \epp and \emp DIS cross sections. We use the existing inclusive $e^{\pm }p$ DIS data from HERA and SLAC to constrain higher-order QED effects on inclusive DIS.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2026)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Local spin polarization by color-field correlators and momentum anisotropy

   Haesom Sung🇹🇼 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼

   We study the local spin polarization of quarks induced by color-field correlators stemming from the correlation of chromo-Lorentz force and chromo-magnetic polarization or chromo-spin Hall effect in the presence of momentum anisotropy. Such effects can trigger longitudinal polarization from fluctuating color fields in glasma or quark gluon plasma phases with transverse expansion for relativistic heavy ion collisions. Especially, from the glasma effect, the resulting longitudinal polarization spectrum of $\Lambda /\bar{\Lambda }$ hyperons has a sinusoidal structure with twice the azimuthal angle relative to the anisotropic direction. An order-of-magnitude estimate of the effect aligns with experimental observations. Our findings highlight the significant role of coherent gluon fields as a novel source for spin polarization phenomena in high-energy nuclear collisions.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2026)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Electric, thermal and thermoelectric response of a hot pion gas in a time dependent background magnetic field

   Ankit Kumar🇮🇳 · Gowthama K K🇮🇳 · Vinod Chandra🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳

   The prime focus of the work is to determine the electric, thermal and thermoelectric transport coefficients of a hot pion gas in the presence of time-dependent background magnetic fields. The thermoelectric effect is analyzed by examining the magneto-Seebeck and Nernst coefficients in the hot pionic medium under such conditions. Furthermore, the phenomenologically relevant elliptic flow coefficient, linked to the Knudsen number, is examined. The analysis reveals the significant impact of both the strength and time dependence of the magnetic field on the transport coefficients of the pionic medium. The results are analyzed in contrast to those obtained under a constant magnetic field.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Poincaré covariant quantum molecular dynamics: a covariant description of a system of interacting wave packets

   Yasushi Nara🇯🇵 · Asanosuke Jinno🇯🇵 · Koichi Murase🇯🇵

   We present a new formulation for the mean-field propagation part of the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics, simulating an $N$-body system of interacting Gaussian wave packets via Lorentz scalar and vector potentials. Covariant equations of motion are derived based on the principle of least action. These covariant equations of motion can be solved with a computational cost comparable to that of conventional noncovariant quantum molecular dynamics. Furthermore, the new equations of motion accurately estimate the density-dependent potential, as demonstrated through comparison of the forces with the numerical integration. We apply them to $N$-body systems interacting via the Skyrme-type potentials or the relativistic mean field to simulate heavy-ion collisions. Our results show that the derived equations of motion provide a robust approximation to the dynamics of the full numerical integrations.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-th2 citations
5. 05*

   Investigating jet induced identified hadron productions from the relative transverse activity classifier in pp collision at LHC

   Yuhao Peng🇨🇳 · Yan Wu🇨🇳 · Xinye Peng🇨🇳 · Zhongbao Yin🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳

   In this work, we systematically investigate the jet associated identified hadron productions of pions, kaons, and protons based on the event topological separation method in proton proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV employing the AMPT model with PYTHIA8 initial conditions. Enabling relative transverse event activity classifier $R_T$, we analyze the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra and particle ratios in the jet aligned toward region and the underlying event (UE) contributions sensitive transverse region varying with $R_T$. The results indicate that the AMPT model, incorporating both partonic and hadronic final-state interactions, provides a satisfactory description to the experimental data of the $p_T$ differential yields, particle ratios and average transverse momentum of identified particles in both the toward and transverse regions across different event activity classes. By subtracting the UE contribution from the toward region using the transverse region hadron yield, we introduce the in-jet hadron productions to analyze the modifications to jet itself. We find that the in-jet baryon to meson ratios reveal a sensitive dependence on $R_T$ driven by final state interactions, leading to a unique crossing pattern at intermediate $p_T$. This behavior can be regarded as a novel signature for probing jet medium interactions and energy loss effects in small collision systems.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Consistent $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis

   Sougata Ganguly🇰🇷 · Tae Hyun Jung🇰🇷 · Seokhoon Yun🇰🇷

   The effective number of neutrino species, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, serves as a key fitting parameter extensively employed in cosmological studies. In this work, we point out a fundamental inconsistency in the conventional treatment of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), particularly regarding its applicability to new physics scenarios where $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, the deviation of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ from the standard BBN prediction, is negative. To ensure consistent interpretation, it is imperative to either restrict the allowed range of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ or systematically adjust neutrino-induced reaction rates based on physically motivated assumptions. As a concrete example, we consider a simple scenario in which a negative $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ arises from entropy injection into the electromagnetic sector due to the decay of long-lived particles after neutrino decoupling. This process dilutes the neutrino density and suppresses the rate of neutrino-driven neutron-proton conversion. Under this assumption, we demonstrate that the resulting BBN constraints on $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ deviate significantly from those obtained by the conventional, but unphysical, extrapolation of dark radiation scenarios into the $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}<0$ regime.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2026)·4 citations
7. 07*

   TEEC and azimuthal correlations in forward {\gamma}-hadron production in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at LHC

   Ishita Ganguli🇵🇱 · Piotr Kotko🇵🇱

   We investigate photon-hadron Transverse Energy-Energy Correlation (TEEC) and azimuthal correlations in the forward rapidity region for proton-proton and proton-lead collisions within the small $x$ saturation formalism based on the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), supplemented by the initial-state and final-state parton shower simulation and hadronization using CASCADE. The study was performed in light of the upcoming FoCal detector of ALICE and the ATLAS detector upgrades with the extended pseudorapidity coverage. We predict a significant difference, at hadron-level, between the normalized TEECs in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions. Having a direct access to partonic subprocesses we also directly investigate the impact of the parton shower and hadronization on the TEEC. The ordinary azimuthal $\gamma$-hadron correlations show substantial suppression for proton-lead collision, as predicted earlier at parton-level.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Factorization of multiparticle contributions to amplitudes of B-meson weak decays

   Dmitri Melikhov🇷🇺

   We show that multiparticle contributions to amplitudes of weak decays of the generic topology (heavy quark hits some intermediate point of the propagator line joining the end-points from which momenta $q$ and $q^{\prime }$ are emitted) is given in the heavy quark limit and at the leading order in ${\alpha }_s$ by the convolution of (i) hard kernel composed of highly virtual propagators of light degrees of freedom and (ii) the $B$-meson multiparticle wave function, $⟨0|\varphi (x)\varphi (x_1)\dots \varphi (x_n){\varphi }_b(0)\varphi (x_{n^{\prime }}^{\prime })\dots \varphi (x_1^{\prime })\varphi (x^{\prime })|B(p)⟩$, in a {\it double-collinear} light-cone configuration: the coordinates $x,x_1,...,x_n$ are ordered and aligned along the light-like 4-vector $a_{\mu }$, $a^2=0$, $q_{\mu }\propto a_{\mu }$, while the coordinates $x^{\prime },x_1^{\prime },...,x_{n^{\prime }}^{\prime }$ are ordered and aligned along the light-like 4-vector $a_{\mu }^{\prime }$, $a^{\prime 2}=0$, $q_{\mu }^{\prime }\propto a_{\mu }^{\prime }$, $a^{\prime }a\ne 0$. Corrections to this factorization formula are suppressed by powers of ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}/M_B$.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Revealing chiral-odd two-meson generalized distribution amplitudes in $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to (\pi \pi )(\pi \pi )$ reactions

   Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Renaud Boussarie🇫🇷 · Bernard Pire🇫🇷 · Lech Szymanowski🇵🇱

   We demonstrate that chiral-odd dimeson generalized distribution amplitudes (CO-GDAs) -- nonperturbative objects encoding the transition of a quark-antiquark pair into two mesons -- can be accessed in high-energy $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ annihilation into two meson pairs, each with a relatively low invariant mass. While chiral-even GDAs contribute to the leading one-photon amplitude, the chiral-odd sector enters via two-photon exchange. We show that the interference between these amplitudes leads to specific effects which may be measurable at BES III or future tau-charm factories. This work opens a direct path to experimentally probing the long-missing chiral-odd sector of meson structure-specifically, the spin-orbit correlation in a spin-zero meson, in some contexts referred to as anomalous tensorial magnetic moment.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2026)·3 citations
10. 10*

    One-Loop Calculations in Effective Field Theories with GoSam-3.0

    Jens Braun🇩🇪 · Benjamin Campillo Aveleira🇩🇪 · Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Marius Höfer🇩🇪 · Stephen P. Jones🇬🇧 · Matthias Kerner🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪 · Vitaly Magerya🇨🇭

    We present a major update of the one-loop generator GoSam, containing performance improvements as well as new features, in particular functionalities that facilitate calculations beyond the Standard Model in Effective Field Theory frameworks.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.Codeb.(2026)·14 citations
11. 11*

    Subthreshold parameters of $\pi \pi$ scattering revisited

    Marián Kolesár🇨🇿 · Jaroslav Říha🇨🇿

    Using a variety of experimental results and lattice QCD calculations of $\pi \pi$ scattering lengths, while employing dispersive representations of the amplitude based on Roy equations, we compute the subthreshold parameters of this process. We use Monte Carlo sampling to numerically model the probability distribution of the results based on all uncertainties in the inputs. We also investigate the dependence of the results on a theoretical correlation between the $\pi \pi$ scattering lengths $a_0^0$ and $a_0^2$, which was previously established in the framework of two-flavor chiral perturbation theory.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2026)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0$ in the improved perturbative QCD formalism

    Min-Qi Li🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Tian Zou🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳

    Motivated by the idea of fragmented scalar glueball, we investigate the decays $B^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0$ within the improved perturbative QCD (iPQCD) framework by including the known next-to-leading order corrections. Here, $B^0$ and $f_0$ denote the neutral $B_{d,s}^0$ mesons and the light scalar mesons $f_0(500,980,1370,1500)$ under the $q\bar{q}$ assignment. The CP-averaged branching ratios (BRs) and the CP asymmetries of $B^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0$ are evaluated with the $f_0(500)[f_0(1370)]-f_0(980)[f_0(1500)]$ mixing in quark-flavor basis. For effective comparisons with the near-future measurements, we further derive the $B^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}/K^{+}{K}^{-})$ BRs under the narrow-width approximation. $\mathrm{BR}(B_s^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(980)(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}))=(2.87_{-1.29}^{+1.38})\times 10^{-4}$ and $\mathrm{BR}(B_d^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(500)(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}))/\mathrm{BR}(B_s^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(980)(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}))=(12_{-7}^{+8})\%$ obtained in the iPQCD formalism agree with the available measurements and/or predictions within uncertainties. Large BRs of $B_s^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(1500)(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}/K^{+}{K}^{-})$ and large direct CP asymmetries of $B^0\to {\eta }_c{f}_0(1370,1500)$ are accessible in the LHCb and Belle-II experiments. The experimental tests of these iPQCD predictions would help us to understand the nature of these light scalars more deeply and provide evidences to decipher $f_0(1500)$ as a primary or fragmented scalar glueball potentially.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·0 citations
13. 13*

    Anomalous Couplings from the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian for Off-Shell Higgs in $gg\to Z_L{Z}_L$

    Gerhard Buchalla🇩🇪 · Florian Pandler🇩🇪

    We investigate the production of (longitudinal) $Z$-boson pairs in gluon fusion as a probe of anomalous Higgs couplings. Of particular interest is the kinematic region of large center-of-mass energy, where the Higgs-boson is highly off-shell. We employ the electroweak chiral Lagrangian with a light Higgs, which is the most natural effective field theory (EFT) for this process. We demonstrate this by a detailed analysis of the leading and next-to-leading EFT contributions to the amplitude, at leading order in QCD, emphasizing the role of power counting for a systematic application of the EFT. We show that at leading order the new-physics contributions are described by only two parameters, which depend on three EFT couplings. Subleading effects can be expected to be small within the range of validity of the EFT. Phenomenological implications are briefly discussed.

    hep-ph1 citation
14. 14*

    Chirality structure of vector like new physics operators in charged current transitions

    Sajawal Zafar🇵🇰 · Qazi Maaz Us Salam🇵🇰 · Rana Khan🇵🇰 · Ishtiaq Ahmed🇵🇰 · Rizwan Khalid🇵🇰

    We investigate the cascade decay $B_s^{\ast 0}\to D_s^{-}(\to {\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }){\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ induced by flavor changing charged currents in the context of the Standard Model and in vector-like couplings beyond the Standard Model. We employ the helicity amplitude formalism for analysis and highlight the role of new vector-like couplings in charged current interactions. We find, in particular, that while new left handed chiral-vector like interactions contribute to the branching ratio, they do not affect the forward-backward asymmetry, or the angular observables. On the other hand, the right handed chiral vector-like coupling in the case of this decay contributes to the branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry and the angular observables. We confirm that this difference in behavior between the left and right handed NP couplings is a general feature of charged current processes with a vector meson going to a pseudoscalar at the tree level in effective weak theory by cross checking with the cascade decays $B_c^{\ast +}\to P(\to P^{\prime }{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }){\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ where $P$ is $B_s^0$ ($D^0$) and $P^{\prime }$ is $D_s^{\ast -}$ ($K^{-}$).

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·2 citations
15. 15*

    Updated Constraints from Electric Dipole Moments in the MSSM with R-Parity Violation

    Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Amarjit Soni🇺🇸 · Fang Xu🇺🇸

    We revisit the electric dipole moments (EDMs) of quarks and leptons in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with trilinear $R$-parity violation (RPV). In this framework, EDMs are induced at the two-loop level via RPV interactions. We perform a comprehensive recalculation of several classes of Barr-Zee type diagrams in a general $R_{\xi }$ gauge. While we find general agreement with previous analytic results in the literature, our work provides a valuable independent cross-check of the complicated calculations. We also point out some subtleties in the intermediate steps and in the choice of the flavor basis for the numerical evaluation of the expressions. By confronting the theoretical predictions with the latest experimental limits on EDMs, we derive updated constraints on combinations of RPV couplings. We highlight an approximate, testable correlation between the proton and neutron EDM that emerges within the considered class of RPV models, offering a distinctive signature for future EDM experiments.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
16. 16*

    Features of Charged Lepton Flavor Violation in an $A_4$ Symmetric Neutrino Mass Model

    Pravesh Chndra Awasthi🇮🇳 · Jai More🇮🇳 · Akhila Kumar Pradhan🇮🇳 · Kumar Rao🇮🇳 · Purushottam Sahu🇮🇳 · S. Uma Sankar🇮🇳

    Neutrino flavour oscillations imply that there must be charged lepton flavour violation (CLFV) also. Different neutrino mass models predict different patterns of CLFV decays. Neutrino mass generation through standard see-saw mechanisms leads to the prediction that the branching ratios of meson CLFV decays will always be smaller than the corresponding radiative CLFV decays. In this work, we analyse an interesting neutrino mass model, based on $A_4$ symmetry, in which the symmetry and the symmetry-breaking pattern lead the neutrino mixing matrix to be of tri-bimaximal (TBM) form. In this model, we find that the meson CLFV decay amplitudes are not correlated to the corresponding radiative CLFV amplitudes, unlike in the case of see-saw models. The branching ratios of radiative CLFV decays are predicted to be negligibly small in this model, but those of the meson CLFV decays can be large enough to be observable in the near future.

    hep-ph0 citations
17. 17*

    Scale-anomaly-induced binding pressure in hadrons

    Daisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Mitsuru Tanaka🇯🇵

    The effect of the QCD scale anomaly on the internal pressure distribution of hadrons is studied based on the trace-traceless decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor. Using recent model-independent results of gravitational form factors as input, the pressure distributions of both pions and nucleons are analyzed in the instant form and the light-front form. It is found that, in all cases, the scale anomaly dominantly generates the negative binding pressure. This result suggests that the phenomenon is a universal feature, independent of models, types of hadrons, and the choice of form.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lathep-th+1PLB(2025)·10 citations
18. 18*

    Dark wounds on icy moons: Ganymede's subsurface ocean as a dark matter detector

    William DeRocco🇺🇸

    Dark matter in the form of macroscopic composites is largely unconstrained at masses of $\sim 10^{11}-10^{17}$ g. In this mass range, dark matter may collide with planetary bodies, depositing an immense amount of energy and leaving dramatic surface features that remain detectable on geological timescales. In this paper, we show that Ganymede, the largest Jovian moon, provides a prime target to search for dark matter impacts due to its differentiated composition and Gyr-old surface. We study the effects of dark matter collisions with Ganymede first with analytic estimates, finding that in a large region of parameter space, dark matter punches through Ganymede's conductive ice sheet, liberating sub-surface material. This sub-surface material may be compositionally different from the surface ice, providing a key observable with which to discriminate asteroid impacts from those caused by dark matter. We confirm our analytic estimates with dedicated simulations of dark matter impacts using iSALE, a multi-material impact code. We then discuss potential detection prospects with two missions currently en route to the Jovian system, Europa Clipper and JUICE, finding that these missions may have the ability not only to identify signs of life on the Galilean moons, but signs of dark matter as well.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPPRD(2025)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Anomaly detection with spiking neural networks for LHC physics

    Barry M. Dillon🇮🇪 · Jim Harkin🇮🇪 · Aqib Javed🇮🇪

    Anomaly detection offers a promising strategy for discovering new physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper investigates AutoEncoders built using neuromorphic Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) for this purpose. One key application is at the trigger level, where anomaly detection tools could capture signals that would otherwise be discarded by conventional selection cuts. These systems must operate under strict latency and computational constraints. SNNs are inherently well-suited for low-latency, low-memory, real-time inference, particularly on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Further gains are expected with the rapid progress in dedicated neuromorphic hardware development. Using the CMS ADC2021 dataset, we design and evaluate a simple SNN AutoEncoder architecture. Our results show that the SNN AutoEncoders are competitive with conventional AutoEncoders for LHC anomaly detection across all signal models.

    hep-phcs.NEhep-exMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2026)·3 citations
20. 20*

    From Confinement to Chaos in AdS/CFT Correspondence via Non-equilibrium Local States

    Dmitry S. Ageev🇷🇺 · Vladimir A. Bykov🇷🇺

    In this paper, we study excited states in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space prepared by local operator insertions of a massive scalar field, corresponding to local operator quenches in a free bulk scalar theory. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we compute the time evolution of boundary observables in the dual CFT states. We then introduce a hard wall in AdS Poincare coordinates to impose an infrared cutoff (hard-wall), creating a confining deformation of the dual conformal field theory, and analyze the dynamics of excited states in this confining background. By comparing the evolution of boundary two-point correlation functions in the deformed theory to the statistics of Gaussian random matrix ensembles, we show that for sufficiently heavy operators, the spacing-ratio statistics of peaks in temporal dynamics are closest to those of the Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (GSE). Finally, we extend the analysis to the compact BTZ black hole and to its hard-wall deformation, finding qualitatively similar trends.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elhep-ph+1PRD(2026)·4 citations
21. 21*

    Three-loop banana integrals with four unequal masses

    Claude Duhr🇩🇪 · Sara Maggio🇩🇪 · Franziska Porkert🇩🇪 · Cathrin Semper🇩🇪 · Sven F. Stawinski🇩🇪

    We present a system of canonical differential equations satisfied by the three-loop banana integrals with four distinct non-zero masses in $D=2-2\text{eps}$ dimensions. Together with the initial condition in the small-mass limit, this provides all the ingredients to find analytic results for three-loop banana integrals in terms of iterated integrals to any desired order in the dimensional regulator. To obtain this result, we rely on recent advances in understanding the K3 geometry underlying these integrals and in how to construct rotations to an $\text{eps}$-factorized basis. This rotation typically involves the introduction of objects defined as integrals of (derivatives of) K3 periods and rational functions. We apply and extend a method based on results from twisted cohomology to identify relations among these functions, which allows us to reduce their number considerably. We expect that the methods that we have applied here will prove useful to compute further multiloop multiscale Feynman integrals attached to non-trivial geometries.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath.AGJHEP(2025)·24 citations
22. 22*

    Gravitational waves in Palatini gravity for a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling

    Flavio Bombacigno🇪🇸 · Fabio Moretti🇮🇹 · Gonzalo J. Olmo🇪🇸

    We discuss the propagation of gravitational waves over a non-Riemannian spacetime, when a non-minimal coupling between the geometry and matter is considered in the form of contractions of the energy momentum tensor with the Ricci and co-Ricci curvature tensors. We focus our analysis on perturbations on a Minkowski background, elucidating how derivatives of the energy momentum tensor can sustain non-trivial torsion and non-metricity excitations, eventually resulting in additional source terms for the metric field. These can be reorganized in the form of D'Alembert operator acting on the energy momentum tensor and the equivalence principle can be reinforced at the linear level by a suitable choice of the parameters of the model. We show how tensor polarizations can exhibit a subluminal phase velocity in matter, evading the constraints found in General Relativity, and how this allows for the kinematic damping in specific configurations of the medium and of the geometry-matter coupling. These in turn define regions in the wavenumber space where propagation is forbidden, leading to the appearance of typical cut-off scale in the frequency spectrum.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2025)·0 citations
23. 23*

    On the reggeon model with the pomeron and odderon: singularities with non-zero masses

    M.A. Braun (Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia)🇷🇺 · E.M. Kuzminskii (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russia)🇷🇺 · M.I. Vyazovsky (Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia)🇷🇺

    The Regge-Gribov model of the pomeron and odderon in the non-trivial transverse space is studied by the renormalization group technique in the single loop approximation. The pomeron and odderon are taken to have different bare intercepts and slopes. The behaviour when the intercepts move from below to their critical values compatible with the Froissart limitation is studied. The singuarities in the form of non-trivial branch points indicating a phase transition are found in the vicinity of five fixed points found in the previous publication. Since new phases violate the projectile-target symmetry the model is found non-physical for the bare intercepts above their critical value.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2025)·2 citations
24. 24*

    Effectiveness of parton cascade in solving the relativistic Boltzmann equation in a box

    Todd Mendenhall🇺🇸 · Zi-Wei Lin🇺🇸

    We benchmark the ZPC parton cascade with an exact analytical solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation for a homogeneous and massless gas with a constant and isotropic elastic cross section. We measure the accuracy of ZPC with the relative mean deviation between its momentum distribution and the exact solution. We use two generalized collision schemes to further improve the accuracy of ZPC over the recent $t$-minimum collision scheme. We find that ZPC can reproduce very well the time evolution of the single-particle distribution function for the exact solution's initial condition, with one generalized collision scheme giving an accuracy better than $1\%$ for the momentum distribution at any time in all studied cases, including very high opacities where naively the parton cascade approach is expected to fail.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phNPB(2026)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Simulation-based inference for Precision Neutrino Physics through Neural Monte Carlo tuning

    A. Gavrikov🇮🇹 · A. Serafini🇮🇹 · D. Dolzhikov🇷🇺 · A. Garfagnini🇮🇹 · M. Gonchar🇷🇺 · M. Grassi🇮🇹 · R. Brugnera🇮🇹 · V. Cerrone🇮🇹 · L. V. D'Auria🇮🇹 · R. M. Guizzetti🇮🇹 · L. Lastrucci🇮🇹 · G. Andronico🇮🇹 and 54 other authors

    Precise modeling of detector energy response is crucial for next-generation neutrino experiments which present computational challenges due to lack of analytical likelihoods. We propose a solution using neural likelihood estimation within the simulation-based inference framework. We develop two complementary neural density estimators that model likelihoods of calibration data: conditional normalizing flows and a transformer-based regressor. We adopt JUNO - a large neutrino experiment - as a case study. The energy response of JUNO depends on several parameters, all of which should be tuned, given their non-linear behavior and strong correlations in the calibration data. To this end, we integrate the modeled likelihoods with Bayesian nested sampling for parameter inference, achieving uncertainties limited only by statistics with near-zero systematic biases. The normalizing flows model enables unbinned likelihood analysis, while the transformer provides an efficient binned alternative. By providing both options, our framework offers flexibility to choose the most appropriate method for specific needs. Finally, our approach establishes a template for similar applications across experimental neutrino and broader particle physics.

    ↳ physics.data-ancs.LGhep-exhep-ph+1Commun.Phys.(2026)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Inflation models selected by the swampland distance conjecture with the Lyth bound

    Yuma S. Furuta🇯🇵 · Yuta Hamada🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

    We investigate the extent to which the Swampland Conjecture can be employed to constrain large-field inflationary models from the perspective of quantum gravity consistency. In particular, we focus on the Swampland Distance Conjecture, which imposes an upper bound on the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves predicted by large-field inflation scenarios. This provides a striking contrast with the well-known Lyth bound, which yields a lower bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio in such models. The two bounds thus play complementary roles in assessing the viability of inflationary scenarios. We demonstrate that, for certain representative large-field inflation models, the Swampland Distance Conjecture alone can impose more stringent upper limits on the tensor-toscalar ratio than current observational constraints from the cosmic microwave background. These findings highlight the utility of Swampland criteria as a theoretical discriminator among competing inflationary models, independent of empirical data.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Probing Cosmic Ray Composition and Muon-philic Dark Matter via Muon Tomography

    Cheng-en Liu🇨🇳 · Rongfeng Zhang🇨🇳 · Zijian Wang🇨🇳 · Andrew Michael Levin🇨🇳 · Leyun Gao🇨🇳 · Jinning Li🇨🇳 · Minxiao Fan🇨🇳 · Youpeng Wu🇨🇳 · Zibo Qin🇨🇳 · Yong Ban🇨🇳 · Zaihong Yang🇨🇳 · Qite Li🇨🇳 · Chen Zhou🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳

    This work presents a novel cosmic-ray scattering experiment employing a Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) muon tomography system. By introducing the scattering angle between incident and outgoing cosmic-ray tracks as a key observable, this approach enables simultaneous studies of secondary cosmic-ray composition and searching for new physics. During a 63-day campaign, 1.18 million cosmic ray scattering events were recorded and analyzed. By performing combined template fits to the observed angular distribution, particle abundances are measured -- for example, resolving the electron component at $\sim 2\%$ precision. Furthermore, constraints are established on elastic muon dark matter (DM) scattering cross-sections for muon-philic dark matter. At the $95\%$ confidence level, the limit reaches 1.61 $\times$ $10^{-17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^2$ for 1 GeV slow DM, demonstrating sensitivity limit to light muon-coupled slow DM, in scenarios where a strongly interacting dark matter component is captured and thermalized within the Earth, leading to large surface densities.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exPRL(2026)·3 citations
28. 28*

    Neural Posterior Estimation of Neutron Star Equations of State

    Valéria Carvalho🇵🇹 · Márcio Ferreira🇵🇹 · Michał Bejger🇵🇱 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    We present a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework to constrain the neutron star (NS) equation of state (EoS) from astrophysical observations of masses, radii and tidal deformabilities, using Neural posterior estimation (NPE) with Conditional Normalising Flows (CNF). To ensure that the model conforms with reality, physics-informed constraints are embedded directly into the training loss. This enables efficient, likelihood-free inference of full posterior distributions for key thermodynamic quantities-including pressure, squared speed of sound, and the trace anomaly-conditioned on observational data. Our models are trained on synthetic datasets generated from two agnostic EoS priors: polytropic parametrizations (PT) and gaussian process (GP) reconstructions. These datasets span various scenarios, including the presence or absence of tidal deformability information and observational noise. Across all settings, the method produces accurate and well-calibrated posteriors, with uncertainties reduced when tidal deformability constraints are included. Furthermore, we find that the behavior of normalized predictive dispersions is strongly correlated with the maximum central density inside NSs, suggesting that the model can indirectly infer this physically meaningful quantity. The approach generalizes well across EoS families and accurately reconstructs derivative quantities such as the polytropic index, demonstrating its robustness and potential for probing dense matter in NS cores.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
29. 29*

    Quantum-Enhanced Dark Matter Search Using Cat States

    Pan Zheng🇨🇳 · Yanyan Cai🇨🇳 · Bin Xu🇨🇳 · Shengcheng Wen🇨🇳 · Libo Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhongchu Ni🇨🇳 · Jiasheng Mai🇨🇳 · Yanjie Zeng🇨🇳 · Lin Lin🇨🇳 · Ling Hu🇨🇳 · Xiaowei Deng🇨🇳 · Song Liu🇨🇳 and 3 other authors

    Quantum metrology has recently emerged as a powerful approach for dark matter (DM) searches, particularly using nonclassical bosonic states in microwave cavities that are sensitive to weak signals. Nonclassical cat states - macroscopic superpositions of coherent states featuring sub-Planck interference structures - offer promising advantages for high-precision measurements. However, their practical utility in DM search remains unexplored. Here, we report the first experimental application of four-component cat states within a high-quality superconducting microwave cavity to search for dark photons, a potential DM candidate. We demonstrate an 8.1-fold enhancement in the signal photon rate and constrain the dark photon kinetic mixing angle to an unprecedented $ϵ<7.32\times 10^{-16}$ near 6.44~GHz (26.6~$\mu$eV). By employing a parametric sideband drive to actively tune the cavity frequency, we achieve dark photon searches and background subtraction across multiple frequency bins, yielding a sensitivity at the $10^{-16}$ level within a 100~kHz bandwidth. Our cat-assisted DM (CaD) search and frequency-scanning techniques demonstrate substantial improvements over previous results, promising potential implications in quantum-enhanced searches for new physics.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phPRL(2026)·23 citations
30. 30*

    Jet substructure measurements elucidating partonic evolution in $p$+$p$ collisions at RHIC

    Monika Robotkova🇨🇿

    Jets are multiscale objects that connect partons to hadrons, making jet substructure measurements crucial for probing both perturbative and non-perturbative processes in QCD. At STAR, a variety of jet substructure observables, such as SoftDrop groomed splittings and N-Point Energy Correlators (ENC), provide insights into parton evolution and hadronization mechanisms. SoftDrop-groomed observables and ENCs both connect measurement to fundamental QCD at the parton level, allowing for comparisons to first-principles theoretical calculations. Additionally, by also including charge information, as in the charge-weighted ENC, details about the hadronization mechanism can be obtained. In these proceedings, we present preliminary results on measurements of SoftDrop observables and ENCs across different jet momenta and radii in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$~=~200~GeV using STAR data.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
31. 31*

    Search for $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}W$ Production at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV Using a Modified Graph Neural Network at the LHC

    Syed Haider Ali🇵🇰 · Ashfaq Ahmad🇵🇰 · Muhammad Saiel🇵🇰 · Nadeem Shaukat🇵🇰

    The simultaneous production of four top quarks in association with a ($W$) boson at $(\sqrt{s}=13)$ TeV is an rare SM process with a next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross-section of $(6.6_{-2.6}^{+2.4}ab)$\cite{saiel}. Identifying this process in the fully hadronic decay channel is particularly challenging due to overwhelming backgrounds from $t\bar{t},t\bar{t}W,t\bar{t}Z$, and triple-top production processes. This study introduces a modified physics informed Neural Network, a hybrid graph neural network (GNN) enhancing event classification. The proposed model integrates Graph layers for particle-level features, a custom Multi Layer Perceptron(MLP) based global stream with a quantum circuit and cross-attention fusion to combine local and global representations. Physics-informed Loss function enforce jet multiplicity constraints, derived from event decay dynamics. Benchmarked against conventional methods, the GNN achieves a signal significance $(S/\sqrt{S+B})$ of $0.174$ and ROC-AUC of 0.974, surpassing BDT's significance of $0.148$ and ROC of $0.913$, while Xgboost achieves a significance of $0.149$ and ROC of $0.920$. The classification models are trained on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, with events normalized using cross-section-based reweighting to reflect their expected contributions in a dataset corresponding to $350$fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. This enhanced approach offers a framework for precision event selection at the LHC, leveraging high dimensional statistical learning and physics informed inference to tackle fundamental HEP challenges, aligning with ML developments.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
32. 32*

    Truncation uncertainties for accurate quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories

    Anthony N. Ciavarella🇺🇸 · Siddharth Hariprakash🇺🇸 · Jad C. Halimeh🇩🇪 · Christian W. Bauer🇺🇸

    The encoding of lattice gauge theories onto quantum computers requires a discretization of the gauge field's Hilbert space on each link, which presents errors with respect to the Kogut--Susskind limit. In the electric basis, Hilbert space fragmentation has recently been shown to limit the excitation of large electric fields. Here, we leverage this to develop a formalism for estimating the size of truncation errors in the electric basis. Generically, the truncation error falls off as a factorial of the field truncation. Examples of this formalism are applied to the Schwinger model and a pure U(1) lattice gauge theory. For reasonable choices of parameters, we improve on previous error estimates by a factor of 10^{306}.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-th20 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.