Tue·Jul 29, 2025Tuesday·July 29, 2025

1. 01*

   Symmetry Restoration in the SMEFT: Finite Counterterms for a Non-Anticommuting ${\gamma }_5$

   Javier Fuentes-Martín🇪🇸 · Adrián Moreno-Sánchez🇪🇸 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭

   We present a systematic functional approach to calculating symmetry-restoring counterterms in Effective Field Theories (EFTs) regulated using the Breitenlohner--Maison--'t Hooft--Veltman (BMHV) scheme. Building on a recently developed method that employs auxiliary spurion fields, our approach automates the extraction of these counterterms directly from the one-loop effective action, offering a streamlined and efficient procedure. We demonstrate its efficacy by applying it to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) at dimension six, providing the first complete determination of its symmetry-restoring counterterms in the BMHV scheme. Our work establishes a robust foundation for consistent one-loop matching and two-loop running computations in EFTs with chiral gauge symmetries.

   hep-phJHEP(2026)·9 citations
2. 02*

   Determining the width of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ by using $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2327)$ in a molecular frame

   Zi-Li Yue🇨🇳 · Quan-Yun Guo🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Elena Santopinto🇮🇹

   Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2327)$ by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2327)$ and the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ as $DK$ molecular states, with $I(J^P)$ equal to $1(0^{+})$ and $0(0^{+})$, respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2327)$ experimental decay width, with the assumption that the $D_s^{+}{\pi }^0$ is the dominant decay channel of the $T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a+}(2327)$. In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$, which is $(63.0-209)\mathrm{keV}$ being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

   hep-phEPJC(2026)·6 citations
3. 03*

   Bounds reach of a future circular collider on the parameters of a minimal Baryon-Lepton symmetric model

   Marlon P. Brade🇵🇭 · Jeremiah D. Juevesano🇵🇭 · Dennis C. Arogancia🇵🇭 · Jan Mickelle V. Maratas🇵🇭

   This paper investigates the physics potential of the proton-proton Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) in the search for a new heavy gauge boson, Z', within the framework of the minimal Baryon-Lepton (B-L) symmetric model. We examine the exclusion limits on the mass of the Z' boson for various sets of coupling constants, utilizing leptonic decays, specifically into charged lepton pairs (electron and muon). Using the DARKCAST framework, we compare the parameter constraints derived from previous experiments with the expected reach of the FCC-hh, providing insights into the collider sensitivity and potential to probe new physics beyond the Standard Model.

   hep-phPTEP(2026)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Comment on "Improved measurement of $\eta /{\eta }^{\prime }$ mixing in $B_{(s)}^0\to J/\psi {\eta }^{(\prime )}$ decays"

   Ying Chen🇨🇳 · Geng Li🇨🇳

   Instead of the glueball-${\eta }^{\prime }$ mixing ansatz, the latest measured ratios of the branching fractions of $B_{(s)}^0\to J/\psi {\eta }^{(\prime )}$ decays by LHCb can be understood by including the contribution from the light quark annihilation effect enhanced by the QCD ${\mathrm{U}}_A(1)$ anomaly for light pseudoscalar mesons.

   hep-phhep-exhep-lat0 citations
5. 05*

   Predictions for the isospin-violating decays of $B_c(1P{)}^{+}\to B_c^{(\ast )+}{\pi }^0$

   Jun Wang🇨🇳 · Qiang Zhao🇨🇳

   In this work we study the isospin-violating decays of $B_c(1P{)}^{+}\to B_c^{(\ast )+}{\pi }^0$, which may provide additional information for the determination of the properties of the first orbital excitation states of $B_c(1P{)}^{+}$. By assuming a dual relation between the U(1) anomaly soft-gluon coupling for $B_c(1P{)}^{+}\to B_c^{(\ast )+}{\pi }^0$ and the intermediate meson loop transitions, we can quantify the isospin-violating decay effects for these four $P$-wave states. We find that the partial decay width of $B_{c0}^{\ast +}\to B_c^{+}{\pi }^0$ is about three orders of magnitude larger than that for $B_{c2}^{\ast +}\to B_c^{+}{\pi }^0$. It implies that $B_{c0}^{\ast +}$ can be established in the $B_c^{+}{\pi }^0$ decay channel as a single state. Meanwhile, the two axial-vector states $B_{c1}^{+}/B_{c1}^{\prime +}$ can be possibly identified in $B_{c1}^{+}/B_{c1}^{\prime +}\to B_c^{\ast +}{\pi }^0$ with comparable strengths. Although these isospin-violating decays turn out to be small, the theoretical predictions should be useful for guiding future experimental efforts.

   hep-phCPC(2026)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Gauge fields in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall

   Takahiro Kubota🇯🇵

   The gauge field theory of the standard electroweak model in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall is investigated with a view to its applications to microscopic phenomena, which are believed to have occurred during the phase transition in the early universe. The asymptotic fields are defined anew so that the effects of the position-dependent Higgs condensate are taken into account through the position-dependent $W$ and $Z$ boson masses. A novel method of massive gauge field quantization in the $R_{\xi }$-gauge with $\xi =1$ is proposed for the case of the position-dependent masses. Our procedure is based on the eigenfunction expansion method associated with second-order differential operators, i.e., a sort of generalized Fourier expansion. The commutation relations of creation and annihilation operators of various wave propagation modes are given in terms of what is known as the spectral function. The decoupling of unphysical states from the physical S-matrix is also investigated along the line of Kugo-Ojima's quartet mechanism on the basis of the BRST symmetry. It is pointed out that one of the quartet fields is not merely the unphysical scalar field but should be a linear combination of the unphysical scalar and the gauge fields. The physical and unphysical polarizations of the gauge field waves are unambiguously distinguished and this will help us evaluate the friction caused by the physical polarization states of $W$ and $Z$ boson waves on the bubble wall during the phase transition in the early universe.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Dynamical instability and transport peak of chiral matter from holography

   Pei Zheng🇨🇳 · Yidian Chen🇨🇳 · Danning Li🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳 · Yu-xin Liu🇨🇳

   We study dynamical properties of strongly coupled chiral matter by using holographic method. We demonstrate, at both linear and nonlinear levels, that perturbations on thermodynamically unstable backgrounds within the spinodal region of chiral first-order phase transitions exhibit dynamic instability. The corresponding magnitude of dynamic instability can be characterized by the critical momentum. Furthermore, we found that, within a certain temperature range, the quasi-normal mode spectrum contains purely imaginary diffusive modes. As spatial momentum increases, a transition occurs in the system's long-time dynamics. The dominant contribution shifts from diffusive mode to propagating mode. When the diffusive mode becomes dominant, the spectral function exhibits a transport peak structure in the low-frequency region. A heuristic argument suggests that this particular transition can be related to the chiral symmetry breaking and restoration.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Meson-Exchange Currents in Quasielastic Charged-Current Neutrino Reactions with Single-Nucleon Knockout

   P.R. Casale🇪🇸 · J.E. Amaro🇪🇸 · V. Belocchi🇮🇹 · M.B. Barbaro🇮🇹 · Marco Martini🇫🇷

   The effect of meson-exchange currents on charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering with single-nucleon emission is computed and analyzed within the relativistic Fermi gas model. This contribution arises primarily from the interference between one-body and two-body currents, where the two-body operator excites a 1p1h state in the presence of a second, spectator nucleon. The results obtained show a reduction of the vector, axial and vector-axial transverse response functions and, consequently, a decrease in the total neutrino cross section. In addition to a comparison with the non-relativistic limit, other models are also explored, such as the relativistic mean field model for nuclear matter and the superscaling analysis with relativistic effective mass, both of which yield qualitatively similar results.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Analytic structure of stress-energy response functions and new Kubo formulae

   Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦 · Alina Czajka🇵🇱 · Juhee Hong🇰🇷

   Determining the transport properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma is one of the most important aspects of relativistic heavy ion collision studies. Field-theoretical calculations of the transport coefficients such as the shear and bulk viscosities require Kubo formulae which in turn require real-time correlation functions of stress-energy tensors. Consequently, knowing the analytic structure of these correlation functions is essential in any such studies. Using the energy-conservation laws and the results from the gravity-hydrodynamics analysis, we determine the low-frequency and low-wavenumber analytic structures of all stress-energy correlation functions in the rest frame of the medium. By comparing with the diffusion and sound spectra from the second-order and the third-order relativistic hydrodynamics, various new Kubo formulae are derived in the limit where the zero-frequency limit is taken first. We also show that the meaning of the Kubo formulae for relaxation times can change when higher-order terms are added to hydrodynamics. A subtle issue of taking the zero frequency and zero wavenumber limits when using skeleton diagrams is addressed as well.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Thermal properties of the scalar glueballs from holography

    Ruixiang Chen🇨🇳 · Danning Li🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳

    Based on a machine learning holographic QCD model, we construct a systematical framework to investigate the properties of the scalar glueballs continuously from zero temperature to finite temperature. By using both the quasi-normal frequencies and the spectral functions, we extract the pole masses, thermal widths, screening masses and dispersion relation of the scalar glueballs in hot medium. It is shown that the pole masses almost remain the vacuum values at temperatures far below the critical temperature $T_c$ , and then decrease with the increasing of temperature until a temperature lower than $T_c$. This result qualitatively agrees with earlier lattice simulations. While the pole masses increase monotonically above the critical temperature $T_c$, which agrees with recent lattice calculation. Meanwhile, it is shown that the thermal widths increase monotonically with temperature, which also agrees with the near $T_c$ lattice simulations. The screening mass exhibits a similar temperature-dependent behavior to the pole mass, while the dispersion relation increasingly deviates from the relativistic one as the temperature rises. It is interesting to note that we obtain the imaginary corrections in the thermal correlators, which contains both the temperal and spatial information and might be helpful for the four-dimensional calculations. Furthermore, by comparing the quasi-normal modes and the spectral functions, we note that it requires more careful analysis when applying the spectral functions in studying thermal hadrons from holography, since there could be other types of quasi-normal modes which are not related with bound states while they may contribute to the peaks of the spectral functions.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Multibaryon states in the framework of an equivparticle model

    Hao-Song You🇨🇳 · Xinmei Zhu🇨🇳 · Cheng-Jun Xia🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳 · Ren-Xin Xu🇨🇳

    Within the framework of an equivparticle model employing mean-field approximation, we investigate systematically the mass spectra of color-singlet $N$-quark configurations with $N=3,6,9,12,15$, and 18, which are assumed to be spherically symmetric with quarks occupying the 1s${}_{1/2}$ state, i.e., compact multibaryon states. At a given quark number $N$, these states collectively form a single irreducible representation under SU(6) symmetry. Our analysis yields comprehensive mass formulae that characterize these SU(6) multiplets, providing a unified description of their mass spectra. In order to effectively constrain the parameter space of the model and improve the prediction accuracy, we carry out a Bayesian parameter inference based on the experimental masses of eight baryons and $D_{03}$. The posterior probability density functions and their correlations of the model parameters are examined, based on which we further predict the masses of various multibaryon states and provide their 68$\%$ and 90$\%$ credible intervals. In our prediction, H-dibaryon, $D_{03}$, and the dibaryon with $S=-6$ are all bound states relative to $\Lambda \Lambda$, $\Delta \Delta$ and $\Omega \Omega$ thresholds, while slight probabilities of other stable dibaryons (23.64$\%$ more stable than ${\Omega }^{-}{\Xi }^0$ for the state wtih $I=\frac{1}{2}$, $S=-5$ and 92.49$\%$ more stable than ${\Xi }^0{\Xi }^{-}$ for the state wtih $I=0$, $S=-4$) and tribaryons (0.25$\%$ more stable than ${\Xi }^{-}{\Xi }^0{\Xi }^0$ for the state wtih $S=-6$, $I=1/2$; 2.19$\%$ more stable than $\Lambda {\Xi }^0{\Xi }^{-}$ for the state wtih $S=-5$, $I=0$; and 2.21$\%$ more stable than $\Lambda \Lambda {\Xi }^0$ for the state wtih $S=-4$, $I=1/2$) are observed as well. For heavier compact multibaryon states, it is unlikely for them to be stable.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Probing the elusive $\kappa /K_0^{\ast }(700)$ resonance in semileptonic $D$ decays

    Yu-Kuo Hsiao · Yan-Li Wang · Wen-Juan Wei

    The $\kappa /K_0^{\ast }(700)$ meson remains the most elusive among the light scalar resonances, with its presence in weak decays obscured by limited precision in branching fraction measurements. As a result, the true nature of the $\kappa$ remains difficult to explore. Through a partial-wave analysis of the semileptonic decay $D^{+}\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$, we extract $\mathcal{B}(D^{+}\to {\bar{\kappa }}^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e,{\bar{\kappa }}^0\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+})=(2.2\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$. Previously considered negligible, this contribution is now shown to dominate the observed s-wave branching fraction. This reveals that clear evidence for the $\kappa$ in weak decays has long existed, but was misidentified as part of the non-resonant background. The extracted $D^{+}\to {\bar{\kappa }}^0$ form factor, $f^{+}(0)=0.32\pm 0.01$, is significantly smaller than the $q\bar{q}$ prediction of $0.82\pm 0.05$, and closely aligns with the $q^2{\bar{q}}^2$ expectation of $0.36\pm 0.02$. Notably, this finding supports a compact tetraquark interpretation of the $\kappa$ meson.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2026)·4 citations
13. 13*

    On the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $D_s^{+}{\pi }^{\pm }$ mass spectra in the $D_{s1}(2536)\to D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays

    Jorgivan Morais Dias🇧🇷 · Yi-Yao Li🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

    We have carried out an evaluation of the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ mass distributions in the $D_{s1}(2536)$ decay to $D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, from the perspective that the $D_{s1}(2536)$ is a molecular state, mostly made from $K^{\ast }D$ in $I=0$. We are able to obtain, not only the mass distributions, but the branching ratio of this decay. The shape of the mass distributions differ appreciably from those of the analogous reaction $D_{s1}(2460)\to D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, which has been measured by the LHCb collaboration and analyzed theoretically from the perspective that the $D_{s1}(2460)$ is a molecular state of $D^{\ast }K$, showing a good agreement with the data. In spite of the analogy with the $D_{s1}(2460)$ decay, the dynamical differences in the decay mechanism are important, since now the $f_0(500)$ resonance is not generated, while it was the dominant mechanism in the $D_{s1}(2460)\to D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay. Nonetheless, we find striking differences in the mass distributions compared with phase space as a consequence of the decay mechanism. The branching ratio obtained is an order of magnitude bigger than the one of the $D_{s1}(2460)\to D_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ reaction, mostly due to the larger available phase space. We also show that the shape of the distributions obtained from the molecular picture are quite different from those obtained based on a $q\bar{q}$ picture. We conclude that measuring the shape of the mass distributions and the total strength of the decay mode, should be very valuable to learn about the structure of the $D_{s1}(2536)$.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
14. 14*

    Exclusive heavy vector meson photoproduction in $pp$ and $pPb$ collisions within the GPD approach: A phenomenological analysis

    Ya-Ping Xie🇨🇳 · Victor P. Gonçalves🇧🇷

    The exclusive $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ photoproduction in proton - proton ($pp$) and proton - lead ($pPb$) collisions at the LHC energies is investigated using the Generalized Parton Distribution (GDP) approach. Assuming the Goloskokov - Kroll (GK) model, we estimate the corresponding total cross - sections and rapidity distributions considering different parametrizations for the unpolarized gluon distribution of the proton. In particular, we compare the linear predictions, associated with DGLAP evolution, with those derived taking into account of the leading nonlinear corrections resulting from gluon recombination. The dependence of our predictions on the choice for the factorization scale is discussed.

    hep-phPRC(2025)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Analysis of the Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor with Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order QCD Corrections

    Sheng-Quan Wang🇨🇳 · Zuo-Fen Liao🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Hua Zhou🇨🇳 · Jia-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Jiang Yan🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Leonardo Di Giustino🇮🇹

    NNLO QCD corrections for the pion electromagnetic form factor at large momentum transfer have been recently performed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 201901 (2024); Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221901 (2025)], revealing that the NLO and NNLO contributions are positive and sizeable. Unfortunately, these predictions have been obtained using the conventional scale-setting method and thus they are plagued by large renormalization scale ambiguities. In this paper, we analyze the pion electromagnetic form factor at NNLO by applying the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), which is introduced with the aim of resolving renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. By applying the PMC, a more precise perturbative QCD (pQCD) prediction for the pion EMFF \(Q^2F_\pi(Q^2)\) without conventional renormalization scale ambiguity can be achieved. This improved pQCD prediction is highly beneficial for the precise determination of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude. We then conduct a comprehensive comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of the pion EMFF \(Q^2F_\pi(Q^2)\).

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·3 citations
16. 16*

    Dark photon dark matter from flattened axion potentials

    Hong-Yi Zhang🇨🇳 · Paola Arias🇨🇱 · Andrew Cheek🇨🇳 · Enrico D. Schiappacasse🇨🇱 · Luca Visinelli🇮🇹 · Leszek Roszkowski🇵🇱

    Dark photons can be resonantly produced in the early universe via their coupling to an oscillating axion field. However, this mechanism typically requires large axion--dark photon couplings or some degree of fine-tuning. In this work, we present a new scenario in which efficient dark photon production arises from axion potentials that are shallower than quadratic at large field values. For moderately large initial misalignment angles, the oscillation of the axion field can trigger either efficient dark photon production or strong axion self-resonance via parametric resonance. When self-resonance dominates and disrupts the field's homogeneity, we show that oscillons -- localized, oscillating axion field configurations -- naturally form and can sustain continued dark photon production, provided the coupling is $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(1)$. For dark photon mass up to three orders of magnitude below the axion mass, the produced dark photons can account for a significant fraction of the present-day dark matter. We support this scenario with numerical lattice simulations of a benchmark model. Our results further motivate experimental searches for ultralight dark photon dark matter. The simulation code is publicly available at https://github.com/hongyi18/AxionDarkPhotonSimulator.

    hep-phastro-ph.COnlin.PSJHEP(2025)·9 citations
17. 17*

    $J/\psi$ Polarization and $p_T$ distribution in $c\bar{c}$ associated hadroproduction at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^5)$

    Qi-Ming Feng🇨🇳 · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳

    The quarkonium production in association with a heavy-quark pair of the same flavor was found plays an important role in various production schemes, let alone it provides a distinctive signature that could be studied in experiment. Within the NRQCD framework, we perform the first complete calculation of the hadroproduction process $gg\to J/\psi +c\bar{c}$ at the next-to-leading order (NLO) in the expansion of strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. The result tells that the NLO corrections substantially enhance the color-singlet yield and alter the predicted polarization patterns, and hence lead to a better agreement with experimental data across the $p_T$ spectrum. In contrast to charm-quark fragmentation, the $J/\psi$ and $c\bar{c}$ associated production channel displays a markedly different kinematic behavior, underscoring its distinct role in the production mechanism. While the inclusion of this process greatly reduces the discrepancy between color-singlet theoretical prediction and experimental measurement, a residual gap of approximately one order of magnitude still remains.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Maximal parameter space of sterile neutrino dark matter with lepton asymmetries

    Kensuke Akita🇯🇵 · Koichi Hamaguchi🇯🇵 · Maksym Ovchynnikov🇨🇭

    We delineate the maximal parameter space of sterile neutrino dark matter in the presence of lepton flavor asymmetries. We focus on large flavor asymmetries with vanishing total lepton asymmetry, which are washed out by neutrino oscillations at MeV temperatures and hence are consistent with BBN and CMB constraints. We derive a semi-classical Boltzmann equation for sterile neutrinos applicable in this regime and validate it against quantum kinetic equations. For sterile neutrino masses up to 60 keV, the viable range of mixing angles extends by up to two orders of magnitude, with broad prospects for tests in forthcoming X-ray, CMB, and structure formation observations. We also release a public framework to compute the production of sterile neutrinos, and in particular their momentum distribution, enabling dedicated structure formation analyses.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2026)·11 citations
19. 19*

    Generalized Uncertainty Principle as a Mechanism for CP Violation

    Hector Gisbert🇪🇸 · Victor Ilisie🇪🇸 · Ezequiel Valero🇪🇸

    Within quantum electrodynamics we show that the Generalized Uncertainty Principle induces higher-derivative corrections that promote the topological invariant $F_{\mu \nu }{\tilde{F}}^{\mu \nu }$ to the dynamical, non-topological operator ${\partial }^{\lambda }{F}_{\mu \nu }{\partial }_{\lambda }{\tilde{F}}^{\mu \nu }$. We explore the resulting phenomenology, focusing on the generation of electric dipole moments. Our findings open a new low-energy window for testing quantum-gravity scenarios through precision measurements of charge-parity violation.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
20. 20*

    Strange pentaquarks with a hidden heavy quark-antiquark pair

    Sachiko Takeuchi · Alessandro Giachino · Makoto Takizawa · Elena Santopinto · Makoto Oka

    The strange pentaquarks with hidden heavy quark pair ($q^{3}c\bar{c}$ and $q^{3}b\bar{b}$) are investigated by the coupled-channel quark cluster model. Two types of the $q^3$ color-octet configurations are found to provide the attraction, which makes bound states, sharp resonances, and cusps in the baryon meson scattering. A resonance appears at around 4500 MeV in the strange hidden charm sector. Such structures are more clearly seen in the hidden bottom systems.

    hep-ph1 citation
21. 21*

    Charged current neutrino and antineutrino induced associated particle production from nucleons

    A. Fatima🇮🇳 · M. Sajjad Athar🇮🇳 · S. K. Singh🇮🇳

    In this work, we study the charged-current (anti)neutrino-induced associated particle($K\Lambda$) production($\Delta S=0$) from free nucleons in the energy region of a few GeV, relevant to the (anti)neutrino oscillation experiments with accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos. We employ a model based on effective Lagrangians to evaluate the contributions from the nonresonant and the resonant diagrams. The nonresonant background terms are calculated using a microscopic model derived from the SU(3) chiral Lagrangians. For the resonant contributions, we consider the low-lying spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ resonances, such as $S_{11}(1650)$, $P_{11}(1710)$, $P_{11}(1880)$, and $S_{11}(1895)$, and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ resonances, such as $P_{13}(1720)$ and $P_{13}(1900)$, which have finite branching ratios to the $K\Lambda$ channel. These resonant contributions are modelled using an effective phenomenological Lagrangian approach, with strong couplings determined from the experimental branching ratios and the decay widths to the $K\Lambda$ channel. To fix the parameters of the vector current interaction, the model is first used to reproduce satisfactorily the MAMI experimental data on the real photon induced scattering off the nucleon resulting an eta meson in the final state and with the CLAS data for the $K\Lambda$ production in the final state. The PCAC hypothesis and the generalized Goldberger-Treiman relation are used to fix the parameters of the axial vector interaction. The model is then applied to study the weak production of $K\Lambda$ induced by the neutrinos and antineutrinos, and predicts the numerical values for the $Q^2$-distribution, the kaon kinetic energy distribution, and the total scattering cross sections with and without a cut on the CM energy W. The results presented in this work are relevant for the present and future accelerator and atmospheric neutrino experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·4 citations
22. 22*

    Precision tests of third-generation four-quark operators: $gg\to h$ and $h\to \gamma \gamma$

    Ulrich Haisch🇩🇪 · Marco Niggetiedt🇩🇪

    We compute the two-loop contributions to Higgs production via gluon-gluon fusion ($gg\to h$) and Higgs decay into two photons ($h\to \gamma \gamma$), arising from third-generation four-quark operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). Our analysis is performed in the broken phase of the theory, retaining the full dependence on the Higgs and heavy-quark masses. This includes both finite matching corrections and logarithmic effects stemming from the renormalization group evolution within the SMEFT. As a byproduct, new two-loop anomalous dimensions in the SMEFT are obtained. We also briefly discuss the phenomenological implications of our two-loop calculations.

    hep-phhep-ex16 citations
23. 23*

    The Pattern of Exotic Hidden-Heavy Hadrons Revealed

    Roberto Bruschini🇺🇸

    For more than twenty years, theory has failed to explain the pattern of the exotic heavy hadrons. We illustrate a simple solution to this longstanding puzzle using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for QCD. Exotic hidden-heavy hadrons are bound states and resonances in potentials that are repulsive at short range and cross a heavy-hadron--pair threshold before approaching it. This explains the proximity of the exotic hidden-heavy hadrons to heavy-hadron--pair thresholds, identifies the thresholds that support bound states or resonances, and prevents an explosion in the number of predicted states. We also discuss the fine tunings of QCD that are responsible for the remarkable properties of some of the exotic hidden-heavy mesons.

    hep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
24. 24*

    Probing the axion-electron coupling at cavity experiments

    Deog Ki Hong🇰🇷 · Sang Hui Im🇰🇷 · Jinsu Kim🇨🇳 · TaeHun Kim🇰🇷 · SungWoo Youn🇰🇷

    Axion dark matter induces electromagnetic radiation in conductors through nearly perpetual oscillations of electrons, driven by axion-electron interactions through the so-called chiral magnetic effect. It therefore provides a complementary probe of the axion-electron coupling $g_{ae}$ beyond the conventional axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma }$ in cavities. We show that existing axion cavity experiments can constrain the coupling to $g_{ae}\lesssim 10^{-5}$ over the scanned axion mass ranges, $1\mu \mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_a\lesssim 20\mu \mathrm{eV}$. Although we find that the radiation due to $g_{ae}$ at the copper cavity surface of electric conductivity $\sigma$ is suppressed by $m_a^2/{\sigma }^2\sim 10^{-20}$, compared to the radiation inside the cavity by the axion-photon conversion due to $g_{a\gamma }$, a sensitivity of about $10^{-9}$ could be achieved for $g_{ae}$ over a wider range of $m_a$, including values higher than those previously probed, if copper walls are replaced with carbon-based conductors.

    hep-phhep-ex3 citations
25. 25*

    $R^2$ corrections to Complexity Growth with a Probe String

    Wen-Bin Chang🇨🇳

    We investigate the effect of $R^2$ corrections on holographic complexity growth within the framework of the Complexity=Action (CA) conjecture. By introducing a probe string into a Gauss-Bonnet (GB) $AdS$ black brane background, we analyze the time derivative of the Nambu-Goto (NG) action as the holographic dual to complexity growth. Our results indicate that the complexity growth is maximized for a stationary string and is suppressed by its motion. At fixed temperature, the stationary string complexity growth is independent of the GB coupling, whereas that of moving strings is suppressed by stronger $R^2$ corrections. Finally, the growth rate is shown to increase linearly with temperature, confirming that higher temperatures systematically drive the complexity growth.

    hep-ph1 citation
26. 26*

    Reconstructing Sparticle masses at the LHC using Generative Machine Learning

    Rahool Kumar Barman🇯🇵 · Arghya Choudhury🇮🇳 · Subhadeep Sarkar🇮🇳

    We explore a generative model framework to infer the masses of heavy particles from detector-level data over a broad parameter space. Our model combines a transformer-based detector encoder and a diffusion neural network. We first apply our model to a new physics scenario involving the pair production of wino-like chargino-neutralino, $pp\to {\tilde{\chi }}_1^{\pm }{\tilde{\chi }}_2^0$, in the $1\ell +2\gamma +jets$ channel at the high luminosity LHC~(HL-LHC). We find that our framework can achieve mass reconstruction efficiency of $\gtrsim 70\%$ for the lightest neutralino ${\tilde{\chi }}_1^0$ and $\gtrsim 40\%$ for the second lightest neutralino ${\tilde{\chi }}_2^0$, for a mass tolerance of $\Delta m=30$GeV, across the entire parameter space accessible at the HL-LHC. We further extend our analysis to a different scenario with $pp\to {\tilde{\chi }}_1^{\pm }{\tilde{\chi }}_1^{\mp }+{\tilde{\chi }}_1^{\pm }{\tilde{\chi }}_2^0$ pair production at the HL-LHC in the $4\ell +\mathrm{E}{/}_{\mathrm{T}}$ channel, and for a fixed value of $m_{{\tilde{\chi }}_2^0}$, we obtain reconstruction efficiencies $\gtrsim 80\%$ over a wide range of $m_{{\tilde{\chi }}_1^0}$ for $\Delta m=30$GeV.

    hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.ST(2026)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Electroweak corrections to Higgs+jet production in gluon fusion

    Long-Bin Chen🇨🇳 · Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Wen-Long Sang🇨🇳

    We present the calculation of complete next-to-leading order electroweak corrections to the Higgs boson production in $gg\to gH$ channel. We apply the method of differential equations combined with the selection of optimized master integrals to accomplish the calculation of master integrals. We consider three distinct renormalization schemes. At leading order, the differential distributions and the total cross section show a strong dependence on the renormalization scheme. However, these discrepancies are considerably suppressed once electroweak corrections are taken into account. For $G_{\mu }$ scheme, the electroweak correction amounts to approximately $4.3\%$ of the total cross section. Importantly, we find that the EW corrections exhibit a strong dependence on Higgs transverse momentum.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·1 citation
28. 28*

    Tests of BSM Higgs interactions by the combination $({\kappa }_V^2-{\kappa }_{2V})$ in HHjj production at LHC

    D. Domenech🇪🇸 · G. García-Mir🇪🇸 · M. Herrero🇪🇸

    In this work, we study the potential of analyzing the particular combination of $\kappa$ modifiers given by ${\kappa }_V^2-{\kappa }_{2V}$ to disentangle Beyond Standard Model Higgs signals in double Higgs production with two extra light jets at LHC. We use the Higgs Effective Field Theory approach, HEFT, for the gauge invariant description of these two ${\kappa }_V$ and ${\kappa }_{2V}$ parameters representing the BSM interactions of the Higgs particle with the electroweak gauge bosons, $HVV$ and $HHVV$ respectively. We illustrate the bonus of studying this particular combination ${\kappa }_V^2-{\kappa }_{2V}$ focusing in just one process, $HHjj$, instead of studying ${\kappa }_V$ and ${\kappa }_{2V}$ separately using various processes. For the detailed analysis here, we focus on the particular final state $H(\to \gamma \gamma )H(\to b\bar{b})j{j}^{\prime }$, with two photons, two b-jets and two light jets, which we analyze fully including parton showering, fragmentation, hadronization and detector effects, in both signal and main background. We find that the sensitivity to ${\kappa }_V^2-{\kappa }_{2V}$ could be notably improved at the HL-LHC by the proper cuts on the final state $b\bar{b}\gamma \gamma j{j}^{\prime }$ that select optimally the events with VBF-topology and $HH$-topology. In particular, we propose strategies based on a good isolation of $\gamma \gamma$ and b-jet pairs, and focus specially on specific variables like ${\eta }_{\gamma \gamma }$ and $P_{\gamma \gamma }^T$ where the signal events distributions may efficiently discriminate between BSM signal versus SM background. We will show here how the high transversality of these two pairs in the signal (inherited from the high transversality of the $H$'s) is correlated with the non-vanishing value of this $({\kappa }_V^2-{\kappa }_{2V})$ combination.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
29. 29*

    Data-parallel leading-order event generation in MadGraph5_aMC@NLO

    Stephan Hageböck🇨🇭 · Daniele Massaro🇨🇭 · Olivier Mattelaer🇧🇪 · Stefan Roiser🇨🇭 · Andrea Valassi🇨🇭 · Zenny Wettersten🇨🇭

    The CUDACPP plugin for MadGraph5_aMC@NLO aims to accelerate leading order tree-level event generation by providing the MadEvent event generator with data-parallel helicity amplitudes. These amplitudes are written in templated C++ and CUDA, allowing them to be compiled for CPUs supporting SSE4, AVX2, and AVX-512 instruction sets as well as CUDA- and HIP-enabled GPUs. Using SIMD instruction sets, CUDACPP-generated amplitude routines routines are shown to speed up linearly with SIMD register size, and GPU offloading is shown to provide acceleration beyond that of SIMD instructions. Additionally, the resulting speed-up in event generation perfectly aligns with predictions from measured runtime fractions spent in amplitude routines, and proper GPU utilisation can speed up high-multiplicity QCD processes by an order of magnitude when compared to optimal CPU usage in server-grade CPUs.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.comp-ph13 citations
30. 30*

    The Physics Behind ML-based Quark-Gluon Taggers

    Sophia Vent🇩🇪 · Ramon Winterhalder🇮🇹 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

    Jet taggers provide an ideal testbed for applying explainability techniques to powerful ML tools. For theoretically and experimentally challenging quark-gluon tagging, we first identify the leading latent features that correlate strongly with physics observables, both in a linear and a non-linear approach. Next, we show how Shapley values can assess feature importance, although the standard implementation assumes independent inputs and can lead to distorted attributions in the presence of correlations. Finally, we use symbolic regression to derive compact formulas to approximate the tagger output.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2026)·16 citations
31. 31*

    Reheating after the Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking

    Francesco Rescigno🇮🇹 · Alberto Salvio🇮🇹

    Theories with radiative symmetry breaking (RSB) lead to first-order phase transitions and the production of gravitational waves as well as primordial black holes if the supercooling period lasted long enough. Here we explain how to efficiently reheat the universe after such period in the above-mentioned class of theories. Two cases are possible, depending on whether the RSB scale is much larger than the electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking scale or not. When it is, the dominant reheating mechanism can be the decays of the field responsible for RSB in the Standard Model (SM) sector. We point out that in a similar way dark matter (DM) can be produced and we analyze in some detail the case of a sterile-neutrino, finding that the full DM abundance is reproduced when this particle is at the $10^2$ MeV scale in a well-motivated SM completion. When the RSB scale is not much larger than the EW symmetry breaking scale, we find that efficient reheating always occurs when the energy density of the false vacuum is first entirely transferred to a dark photon and then to SM fermions via dark-photon decays.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJCAP(2026)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Radion Portal Freeze-Out Dark-Matter

    R. Sekhar Chivukula🇺🇸 · Joshua A. Gill🇦🇺 · Kenn S. Goh🇦🇺 · Kirtimaan A. Mohan🇺🇸 · George Sanamyan🇦🇺 · Dipan Sengupta🇦🇺 · Elizabeth H. Simmons🇺🇸 · Xing Wang🇺🇸

    We show that, in a consistent model of a stabilized extra-dimensional theory, the radion can serve as a natural portal between ordinary matter and WIMP dark matter. With an effective coupling scale of the Kaluza-Klein theory of 20-100 TeV, the radion portal can produce the observed relic abundance through resonant annihilation for dark matter masses up to a TeV. Existing and planned direct dark matter detection experiments cannot constrain this model. However, indirect detection limits exclude dark matter masses between 5 and 80 GeV, where the radion mediator primarily decays into b-quarks.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exhep-th2 citations
33. 33*

    Gravitational form factors of the nucleon in the Skyrme model based on scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory

    Mitsuru Tanaka🇯🇵 · Daisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Mamiya Kawaguchi🇨🇳

    We investigate the role of the QCD scale anomaly in the gravitational form factors of the nucleon -- particularly the $D(t)$ form factor -- as well as the associated stress distribution and internal forces, using a Skyrme model based on the scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory. A distinctive feature of this model is the inclusion of both the pion and the scalar meson, which respectively capture the effects of the current quark mass and gluonic quantum contributions to the scale anomaly. By varying the mass of the scalar meson, we evaluate the sensitivity of the gluonic scale anomaly to the nucleon properties. We find that the gluonic scale anomaly plays a crucial role in satisfying the stability conditions of the nucleon and provides an internal confining force. Moreover, we also evaluate the momentum-transfer dependence of $D(t)$, which closely reproduces the lattice QCD results. With an appropriate choice of the anomalous dimension associated with the quark mass, its forward-limit value (i.e., the D-term) also matches the lattice data well.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·17 citations
34. 34*

    Scotogenic mechanism from an extended $\mathbf{SU}(2{)}_1\times \mathbf{SU}(2{)}_2\times \mathbf{U}(1{)}_{\mathbf{Y}}$ electroweak symmetry

    Julio Leite🇪🇸 · Javier Perez-Soler🇪🇸 · Avelino Vicente🇪🇸

    We propose an extension of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model in which the gauge group $SU(2{)}_L$ is promoted to $SU(2{)}_1\times SU(2{)}_2$. This framework naturally includes a viable dark matter candidate and generates neutrino masses radiatively à la Scotogenic. Our scenario can be viewed as an ultraviolet extension of the Scotogenic mechanism, addressing some of its shortcomings. The resulting phenomenology may be probed through a range of experimental signatures, from precision electroweak measurements to searches for lepton flavor violation.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
35. 35*

    Finding BSM Needles in Electromagnetic Haystacks at DUNE

    Vedran Brdar🇺🇸 · Bhaskar Dutta🇺🇸 · Wooyoung Jang🇺🇸 · Doojin Kim🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Zahra Tabrizi🇺🇸 · Adrian Thompson🇺🇸 · Jaehoon Yu🇺🇸

    In this work, motivated by several beyond the Standard Model signal topologies, we perform detailed background mitigation analyses for the DUNE near detector. Specifically, we investigate $e^{+}{e}^{-}$, $e^{-}\gamma$, $\gamma$, and $\gamma \gamma$ final states that may arise from long-lived particles, including light mediators, dark matter, heavy neutral leptons, and axion-like particles (ALPs), decaying or scattering inside the liquid argon detector. To this end, we employ both photophilic and leptophilic ALPs as phenomenological benchmarks. The aforementioned final states leave a hard electromagnetic signature with no hadronic activity above the detector energy thresholds. Nevertheless, such signatures are not immune to backgrounds from neutrino scattering in the detector, which are in the focus of our study. In order to model realistic experimental analyses, we take into account particle misidentification rates, cross-contamination effects, and detector responses. We calculate confidence limit projections for DUNE, thereby presenting realistic capabilities for constraining or discovering new physics manifested through electromagnetic showers.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·6 citations
36. 36*

    Attractors Without Scaling: Adiabatic Hydrodynamization With and Without Inelastic Scattering

    Krishna Rajagopal🇺🇸 · Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld🇺🇸 · Rachel Steinhorst🇺🇸

    We study the process of hydrodynamization in kinetic theories of gluons undergoing boost-invariant expansion using the Adiabatic Hydrodynamization (AH) framework. We study both number-conserving and non-conserving theories, and find that including number non-conserving inelastic scattering processes restores many qualitative features of hydrodynamization in QCD EKT despite the simplicity of our model. In particular, introducing inelastic scattering results in a more realistic hydrodynamization time. With or without number non-conservation, we find that first-order hydrodynamics becomes applicable at the same time that a unique ground state emerges in the dynamical evolution of the one-particle distribution function. Furthermore, we find a set of low-effective-energy attractor modes which evolve adiabatically long before hydrodynamization, and find that the emergence of a gap between these ground state modes and the excited modes coincides with the time at which the system falls onto an attractor surface. Strikingly, this is the case even in the absence of pre-thermal scaling of the gluon distribution function, which has previously been strongly associated with pre-thermal attractor behavior. Finally, motivated by a generic feature we observe in the spectrum, we show that as the system hydrodynamizes, the rapid decoupling of non-hydrodynamic modes in boost-invariant kinetic theory can be understood with the AH framework in a model-independent fashion.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·8 citations
37. 37*

    Reconstructing Transition GPDs for Delta(1232) from Helicity Amplitude A_1/2(Q^2) via Dipole Fits and Impact Parameter Analysis

    Ralph M. Marinaro III🇺🇸

    This work presents a modular reconstruction of the transition generalized parton distribution (GPD) H_T(x,t) for the Delta(1232) resonance, based on digitized helicity amplitude data and dipole fits to A_1/2(Q^2). From the fitted amplitude, we extract a Sachs-like form factor F(t) and define a separable GPD model H_T(x, t) = h(x)F(t), with h(x) modeled as a normalized Beta-like profile. This factorized ansatz satisfies the GPD sum rule and enables a direct two-dimensional Fourier transform to construct transverse spatial distributions q(x,b). We analyze how longitudinal shaping modulates transverse localization, and quantify spatial features using statistical diagnostics including mean radius, skewness, and kurtosis. The framework is reproducible, data-driven, and applicable to other transition channels, providing a physically interpretable map from amplitude behavior to spatial structure.

    hep-phJ.Phys.G(2025)·1 citation
38. 38*

    Nonlinear causality of Israel-Stewart theory with diffusion

    Ian Cordeiro🇺🇸 · Fábio S. Bemfica🇺🇸 · Enrico Speranza🇨🇭 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We present the first fully nonlinear causality constraints in $D=3+1$ dimensions for Israel-Stewart theory in the presence of energy and number diffusion in the Eckart and Landau hydrodynamic frames, respectively. These constraints are algebraic inequalities that make no assumption on the underlying geometry of the spacetime or the equation of state. In order to highlight the distinct physical and structural behavior of the two hydrodynamic frames, we discuss the special ultrarelativistic ideal gas equation of state considered in earlier literature in $D=1+1$ dimensions, and show that our general $D=3+1$ constraints reduce to their results upon an appropriate choice of angles. For this equation of state in both $D=1+1$ and $D=3+1$ dimensions one can show that: (i) there exists a region allowed by nonlinear causality in which the baryon current transitions into a spacelike vector in the Landau frame, and (ii) an analogous argument shows that the solutions of the Eckart frame equations of motion never violate the dominant energy condition, assuming nonlinear causality holds. We then compare our results with those from linearized Israel-Stewart theory and show that the linear causality bounds fail to capture the new physical constraints on energy and number diffusion that are successfully obtained through our nonlinear causality approach.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2026)·9 citations
39. 39*

    The tension of space as dark energy: dynamics and phenomenology

    Muhammad Ghulam Khuwajah Khan

    We develop a phenomenological model in which the observed late-time dark-energy sector is interpreted as an effective residual tension of space. Motivated by recent observational hints that the dark-energy equation of state may exhibit mild low-redshift evolution, we begin with an intrinsic membrane description of spacetime and show that a uniform space tension contributes to the gravitational field equations with precisely the tensor structure of vacuum energy. We then consider a Dirac--Born--Infeld completion, which naturally introduces a hidden Abelian gauge sector. A late-time hidden transition, \(U(1)_h \, \to \, \mathbb{Z}_n\), can reorganize hidden magnetic energy into a coarse-grained flux-tube reservoir. If this reservoir exchanges energy with the dynamical part of the space-tension sector, the effective dark-energy density becomes time dependent and acquires a nontrivial equation of state. At the background level, the model gives a simple proof-of-concept realization of running dark energy and admits a transient crossing of the phantom divide. A restricted numerical scan shows that the best representative solution corresponds to a string-like hidden flux reservoir, with an effective low-redshift evolution that projects approximately to $(w_0^{\mathrm{mod}},w_a^{\mathrm{mod}})\simeq (-0.915,-0.457)$ in the Chevallier--Polarski--Linder plane. This does not exactly reproduce the compressed observational benchmark, but it generates a phenomenologically relevant departure from \(\Lambda\)CDM and illustrates how a late hidden-sector defect population can induce mild running of the residual vacuum-like tension of space. The construction is therefore best viewed as a physically transparent proof of concept rather than a complete theory of dark energy.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phIndian Journal of Physics (2026)·2 citations
40. 40*

    Directional Neutrino Bursts from Spinning and Moving Primordial Black Holes

    Arnab Chaudhuri🇯🇵 · Priya Mishra🇮🇳 · Rukmani Mohanta🇮🇳

    We show that primordial black holes (PBHs) with significant spin and bulk motion produce sharply collimated neutrino bursts from Hawking evaporation, arising from the interplay of spin-induced angular anisotropy and relativistic Doppler boosting. This effect shifts the neutrino spectrum into the multi-GeV to hundreds of GeV range, where atmospheric backgrounds drop steeply, and enhances the flux by orders of magnitude within a narrow forward cone. We compute the full lab-frame neutrino distribution and derive updated constraints on PBH number density from non-observation of such bursts in IceCube and KM3NeT. Our results identify directional high-energy neutrino bursts as a distinctive, testable signature of spinning PBHs, providing a complementary probe of the PBH dark matter hypothesis and Hawking radiation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-ph2 citations
41. 41*

    Understanding the correlation between elliptic and triangular flow

    Mubarak Alqahtani🇸🇦 · Jean-Yves Ollitrault🇫🇷

    The relative correlation between the magnitudes of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) has been accurately measured in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC collider. As a function of the centrality of the collision, it changes sign and varies non-monotonically. We show that this is naturally explained by two combined effects. The first effect is a skewness in initial-state fluctuations, which is quantified by the correlation between the geometry-driven elliptic deformation in the reaction plane and the fluctuation-driven triangularity ${\epsilon }_3$. We introduce an intensive measure of this skewness, which is generically of order unity and depends weakly on the system size and centrality. We evaluate its magnitude using Monte Carlo simulations of the initial state, which show that it is sensitive to the nucleon width. The second effect is the fluctuation of impact parameter relative to centrality classifiers used by experiment. The ATLAS collaboration uses two different centrality classifiers, the multiplicity $N_{ch}$ and the transverse energy $E_T$. We fit both sets of results for Pb+Pb collisions up to $\approx 40\%$ centrality with a single parameter, the intensive mixed skewness. Its value inferred from experiment agrees with theoretical expectations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPLB(2026)·2 citations
42. 42*

    Superhorizon fluctuations and the cosmic dipole problem

    Ge Chen🇨🇳 · Chengcheng Han🇨🇳 · Linwei Qiu🇨🇳

    Recent observations have identified a significant 4.9$\sigma$ tension between the cosmic dipole inferred from galaxy number counts and that derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), suggesting a potential deviation from the cosmological principle. This work investigates whether superhorizon isocurvature perturbations in cold dark matter (CDM) can account for this discrepancy. We demonstrate that, unlike adiabatic modes which cancel at leading order, superhorizon isocurvature modes can generate an intrinsic CMB dipole without significantly affecting galaxy number counts, thereby explaining the observed mismatch. We explore both single-mode and continuous-spectrum cases, focusing on two concrete models: a nearly scale-invariant power-law spectrum with a UV cutoff and axion-induced isocurvature perturbations. For the axion scenario, we show that if the radial mode evolves during inflation, the resulting perturbations can match the required amplitude while evading current CMB constraints. Our analysis constrains the self-coupling of associated potential for the axion to the range $10^{-9}<\lambda <4\times 10^{-9}$. These findings offer a viable solution to the dipole tension and may serve as indirect evidence for axion dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phCPC(2026)·1 citation
43. 43*

    Single-flavor heavy baryons in a strong magnetic field

    Gaoqing Cao🇨🇳 · Shuang Wu🇨🇳

    In this work, we study the properties of single-flavor heavy baryons, ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{ccc}}$ and ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{bbb}}$, in a strong magnetic field. For that sake, we simply treat the baryons as quark-diquark two-body systems, and a systematic formalism is developed to deal with two-body Schr$\ddot{\text{o}}$dinger equations in a magnetic field. It is found that: 1. The orbital properties of ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{bbb}}$ are almost not affected by the magnetic field. 2. ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{ccc}}$ is more tightly bound in the presence of a magnetic field. 3. The magnetic-spin effect dominates over the magnetic-orbital effect. Applying to peripheral heavy ion collisions, ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{ccc}}$ is much better than ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{bbb}}$ to explore the magnetic effect, and the discovery of ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{ccc}}$ could be more promising.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
44. 44*

    Lattice study of scattering phase shifts for $D{D}^{\ast }$ and $B{B}^{\ast }$ systems using twisted boundary conditions: Search for bound state formation

    Masato Nagatsuka🇯🇵 · Shoichi Sasaki🇯🇵

    We investigate the $S$- and $P$-wave phase shifts for the $D{D}^{\ast }$ and $B{B}^{\ast }$ scatterings using Lüscher's finite-size method under twisted boundary conditions to search for doubly charmed tetraquaks, $T_{cc}^{+}$, and doubly bottomed tetraquarks, $T_{bb}^{-}$ as the hadronic bound states. The $T_{cc}^{+}$ state was observed as a peak just bellow the $D{D}^{\ast }$ threshold by LHCb Collaboration, while the $T_{bb}^{-}$ state is a theoretically predicted tetraquark state having heavier quark flavors $bb\bar{u}\bar{d}$. Lüscher's finite-size method is one of the well established methods for calculating the scattering phase shifts between two hadrons in lattice QCD simulations. Several studies have used simulations under the periodic boundary condition to determine the scattering phase shifts at a few discrete momenta for the $D{D}^{\ast }$ system. However, the scattering phase shift has not been investigated for the $B{B}^{\ast }$ system. In this study, $S$- and $P$-wave scattering phase shifts for the $D{D}^{\ast }$ and $B{B}^{\ast }$ systems in both $I=0$ and $I=1$ channels under several types of partially twisted boundary conditions. The use of the partially twisted boundary conditions enables us to obtain the scattering phase shift at any momentum by continuously varying the twisting angle. It also allows us to easily access the $P$-wave scattering phase shifts through the mixing of $S$- and $P$-waves, which is induced by the imposed boundary conditions. The 2+1 flavor PACS-CS gauge ensembles at $m_{\pi }=295$, 411 and 569 MeV are used. For charm and bottom quarks, the relativistic heavy quark action is adopted to reduce the lattice discretization artifacts due to the heavy quark mass. We discuss the emergence of a shallow bound state with a binding energy of $O(100)$ keV at the physical pion mass in the $B{B}^{\ast }$ system, which has the quantum number $I(J^P)=0(1^{+})$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
45. 45*

    Ultralight boson constraints from gravitational wave observations of spinning binary black holes

    P.S. Aswathi🇦🇺 · William E. East🇨🇦 · Nils Siemonsen🇺🇸 · Ling Sun🇦🇺 · Dana Jones🇦🇺

    In the presence of an ultralight scalar or vector boson, a spinning black hole will be spun down through the superradiant instability. We use spin measurements from gravitational wave observations of binary black holes, in particular the heavy binary black hole merger event GW231123, along with the lower-mass GW190517 event, to constrain the existence of ultralight bosons. We disfavor scalars with masses in the range of $[0.55,11]\times 10^{-13}$ eV and vectors in the range of $[0.11,18]\times 10^{-13}$ eV, making only a conservative assumption that the black hole lifetimes are greater than $10^5$ years. The lower ends of these ranges, where the exclusion confidence is the highest, were not previously excluded by spin measurements from electromagnetic or gravitational wave observations. We map these constraints to axion and dark photon models with interactions.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·23 citations
46. 46*

    Probing Partonic Evolution and Hadronization via Balance Functions and Correlations of Charmed Hadrons

    Oveis Sheibani🇺🇸 · Claude Pruneau🇺🇸 · Victor Gonzalez🇺🇸 · Sumit Basu🇸🇪 · Alexandru Florin Dobrin🇷🇴 · Yash Patley🇮🇳 · Basanta Nandi🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳

    Predictions of charm correlation functions and more specifically balance functions are presented in proton--proton (pp) collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 13 TeV based on the PYTHIA 8.3 event generator. Correlations are computed for identical and cross-species charmed hadrons in both minimum bias and high-pT biased collisions. We study the strength of correlations as a function of the number of balanced flavors and investigate the impact of variations of PYTHIA parameters controlling the Lund string fragmentation on the shape and strength of the correlation functions. The feasibility of measurements of the charm balance function presented is discussed in the context of the future LHC experiments.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRC(2025)·0 citations
47. 47*

    Dynamical symmetry breaking in Georgi-Glashow chiral-gauge theories

    Hao-Lin Li🇨🇳 · Álvaro Pastor-Gutiérrez🇯🇵 · Shahram Vatani🇧🇪 · Ling-Xiao Xu🇮🇹

    We investigate dynamical symmetry breaking in a class of chiral gauge theories containing the Georgi-Glashow model. These theories feature a gauge sector and two fermion species that transform in the two-index antisymmetric and antifundamental representations with different multiplicities. Using the effective action formalism and the functional renormalization group, we derive the flow of four-fermion interactions that encode their resonant structure and information about bound-state formation. Generalizing the theories to multiple generations, we make contact with the loss of asymptotic freedom and dissect the boundary of a conjectured conformal window. Our results show that, while most of the theory space displays a dominant color-breaking condensate, there exists a strongly coupled regime where the lowest-laying mechanisms fail and more intricate dynamics are expected to arise. This analysis provides a first step toward the infrared behavior of chiral gauge theories with functional methods.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phJHEP(2025)·13 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.