PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Jul 18, 2025

32 papers19 primary·13 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    Fast evaluation of Feynman integrals for Monte Carlo generators

    Pau Petit Rosàs🇬🇧 · William J. Torres Bobadilla🇬🇧

    Building on the idea of numerically integrating differential equations satisfied by Feynman integrals, we propose a novel strategy for handling branch cuts within a numerical framework. We develop an integrator capable of evaluating a basis of integrals in both double and quadruple precision, achieving significantly reduced computational times compared to existing tools. We demonstrate the performance of our integrator by evaluating one- and two-loop five-point Feynman integrals with up to nine complex kinematic scales. In particular, we apply our method to the radiative return process of massive electron-positron annihilation into pions plus an energetic photon within scalar QED, for which we also build the differential equation, and extend it to the case where virtual photons acquire an auxiliary complex mass under the Generalised Vector-Meson Dominance model. Furthermore, we validate our approach on two integral families relevant for the two-loop production of . The integrator achieves, in double precision, execution times of the order of milliseconds for one-loop topologies and hundreds of milliseconds for the two-loop families, enabling for on-the-fly computation of Feynman integrals in Monte Carlo generators and a more efficient generation of grids for the topologies with prohibitive computational costs.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·19 citations
  2. 02*

    Heavy Quark Decays in the Bilepton Model

    Gennaro Corcella🇮🇹 · Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Paul H. Frampton🇮🇹

    Given the current absence of new physics signals at the LHC, it is increasingly important to investigate alternative scenarios beyond those commonly explored. In this work, we study a variant of the 331 model that predicts the existence of vector bileptons with electric charge and lepton number +/-2, as well as TeV-scale exotic quarks carrying charges +/- 5/3 and +/- 4/3. Specifically, we focus on the primary production of heavy quarks with charge +/- 5/3, which decay into a bottom quark and a bilepton, followed by the bilepton's decay into same-sign muon pairs. As a case study, we select a benchmark point that complies with current experimental exclusion limits and theoretical expectations for the bilepton mass. Our analysis shows that the resulting signal stands out clearly from Standard Model backgrounds and could be observed at a future 100 TeV hadron collider such as FCC-hh. In contrast, the LHC, even in its high-luminosity phase, lacks the sensitivity required to detect this signal.

    hep-phPLB(2026)·1 citation
  3. 03*

    Constraining ALP-Top Interaction from the Chromoelectric Dipole Moment of the Top Quark

    Subhadip Bisal🇨🇳

    The couplings of axion-like particles (ALPs) to Standard Model fermions are proportional to the fermion masses, making the interaction with the top quark particularly significant. In this study, we consider an ALP that is a mixture of CP-even and CP-odd components, thereby introducing CP violation. This CP violation, in turn, gives rise to electric dipole moments (EDMs) of quarks and leptons, as well as chromoelectric dipole moments (CEDMs) of quarks. We compute the one-loop and two-loop contributions to the top quark CEDM induced by the ALP. In our calculation, we treat the external gluon as off-shell with momentum , derive the analytical results, and finally evaluate the top quark CEDM at , corresponding to the top quark pole mass. This value is relevant for subsequent calculations of the EDMs of the neutron and mercury. By applying current experimental bounds on EDMs and CEDMs, we derive constraints on the ALP-top quark coupling, with the strongest limit coming from the neutron EDM.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
  4. 04*

    Parton Distribution Functions and their Generalizations

    Cédric Lorcé (Ecole Polytechnique, CPHT)🇫🇷 · A. Metz (Temple U.)🇺🇸 · B. Pasquini (Pavia U. and INFN, Pavia)🇮🇹 · P. Schweitzer (Connecticut U.)🇺🇸

    This article is an introduction to parton distribution functions and their generalizations which describe the quark and gluon structure of hadrons, and can be measured in various high-energy scattering processes. We provide the theoretical background, highlight both historical and recent developments, explain the connections between the different functions, and expose in which processes these functions can be accessed and what we can learn from them about hadron structure.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Encyclopedia of Particle Physics, Volume …·35 citations
  5. 05*

    Evolution of coupled scalar perturbations through smooth reheating. II. Thermal fluctuation regime

    M. Laine🇨🇭 · S. Procacci🇨🇭 · A. Rogelj🇨🇭

    Curvature perturbations with short wavelengths exit the Hubble horizon when the universe may contain a thermal plasma in addition to an inflaton field that drives its expansion. We solve the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation dynamics at linear order, building upon a previously established set of gauge-invariant evolution equations. The properties of the noise autocorrelator are constrained via a matching of equilibrium correlators to quantum-statistical physics deep inside the Hubble horizon. The curvature power spectrum is determined numerically, without slow-roll approximations or assumptions about the equilibration of the inflaton field. As applications, we scrutinize two issues from recent literature: the model dependence of the thermally modified power spectrum as a function of freeze-out parameters, and the viability of embedding warm inflation within the Standard Model (we offer support for the latter proposal). The role of pre-horizon-exit acoustic oscillations is illustrated.

    hep-phJCAP(2025)·9 citations
  6. 06*

    Detecting dark matter using optically trapped Rydberg atom tweezer arrays

    So Chigusa🇺🇸 · Taiyo Kasamaki🇯🇵 · Toshi Kusano🇯🇵 · Takeo Moroi🇯🇵 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵 · Naoya Ozawa🇯🇵 · Yoshiro Takahashi🇯🇵 · Atsuhiro Umemoto🇯🇵 · Amar Vutha🇨🇦

    A new scheme for detecting wave-like dark matter (DM) using Rydberg atoms is proposed. Recent advances in trapping and manipulating Rydberg atoms make it possible to use Rydberg atoms trapped in optical tweezer arrays for DM detection. We propose to prepare a large ensemble of Rydberg atoms and to observe the excitations between Rydberg states by the DM-induced effective electric field. A scan over DM mass is enabled with the use of the Zeeman and diamagnetic shifts of energy levels under an applied external magnetic field. Taking dark-photon DM as an example, we demonstrate that our proposed experiment can have high enough sensitivity to probe previously unexplored regions of the parameter space of dark-photon coupling strengths and masses.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exphysics.atom-ph+1PRL(2026)·9 citations
  7. 07*

    Emergence of charm-strange dibaryons with negative parity via baryon-baryon interactions

    Yu-Yue Cui🇨🇳 · Xiao-Mei Tang🇨🇳 · Qi Huang🇨🇳 · Rui Chen🇨🇳

    Within the framework of the one-boson-exchange model, we systematically perform a coupled channel analysis of the wave interactions between a charm baryon and light baryon, the involved channels include , , , , , , , and . Our results can predict several possible molecular candidates, such as a molecule with , molecules with , molecules with and , and molecules with , and . The coupled channel effects significantly influence the formation of the molecule with . Furthermore, we analyze the phase shifts for these coupled channel systems. Our analysis not only confirms the existence of the predicted molecules but also identifies potential resonant dibaryons, including a shape-type resonance with , a shape-type resonance with , a coupled Feshbach-type resonance with , and coupled Feshbach-type resonances with .

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·1 citation
  8. 08*

    Reassessing the gallium anomaly using self-consistent electron wave functions

    M. Cadeddu🇮🇹 · N. Cargioli🇮🇹 · G. Carotenuto🇮🇹 · F. Dordei🇮🇹 · L. Ferro🇮🇹 · C. Giunti🇮🇹

    The gallium anomaly, a persistent discrepancy exceeding in the Ga neutrino capture rates from Cr and Ar radioactive sources by the GALLEX, SAGE, and recently BEST experiments, has challenged particle physics and nuclear theory for over three decades. We present a new calculation of the neutrino capture cross section, abandoning the conventional leading-order approximation for electronic wave functions by numerically solving the Dirac-Coulomb equation for both bound and continuum electron states. Finally, we reevaluate the gallium anomaly, updating its global significance and presenting the most up-to-date status of its interpretation in terms of sterile neutrinos.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·5 citations
  9. 09*

    Generation of axions and axion-like particles through mass parametric resonance induced by scalar perturbations in the early universe

    Ruifeng Zheng🇨🇳 · Puxian Wei🇨🇳 · Qiaoli Yang🇨🇳

    Axions and axion-like particles can be generated in the early universe through mechanisms such as misalignment production, thermal processes, and the decay of topological defects. In this study, we show that scalar perturbations in the early universe can produce a significant amount of these particles primarily through mass parametric resonance effects. Scalar perturbations induce temperature fluctuations during the particle mass transition era, e.g., during the QCD phase transition. These temperature fluctuations modulate the particle mass, transferring energy into the field through parametric mass resonance, a nonlinear process. This mechanism exhibits substantially unstable regions that could lead to explosive particle production. Notably, it does not generate additional isocurvature perturbations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COCPC(2025)·1 citation
  10. 10*

    Constraining lepton flavor violating SMEFT operators from low-energy cLFV processes

    Utpal Chattopadhyay🇮🇳 · Debottam Das🇮🇳 · Rahul Puri🇮🇳 · Joydeep Roy🇮🇳

    Charged lepton flavour-violating (cLFV) processes, which are definite proof of new physics beyond the Standard Model, have remained elusive experimentally till now. Effective Field Theory (EFT) has been very useful in providing information about such new physics through the higher-dimensional operators. These operators respect SM gauge invariance, and they are suppressed by appropriate powers of the energy scale . In regard to lepton flavour violating (LFV) processes, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) is shown to be a useful tool for estimating any new physics effect at the scale . It is worth noticing that a large class of cLFV processes involve both quarks and leptons and thus low-energy observables play a significant role in providing bounds on lepton-flavour-violating 2-quark-2-lepton () operators. Therefore, in this work, we have collected several low-energy cLFV processes that can be addressed within the SMEFT framework and also collected the set of operators responsible for such processes. Keeping in mind the correlation that exists among the SMEFT operators, we want to extract the strongest constraints on these operators.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
  11. 11*

    Preheated inflation

    Diogo S. Gorgulho🇵🇹 · João G. Rosa🇵🇹

    We propose a new mechanism of non-thermal particle production during inflation based on a narrow parametric resonance, akin to the dynamics of post-inflationary preheating. The mechanism is based on the production of scalar particles with a mass that is an oscillating function of the slowly-rolling inflaton field. This is achieved in a scenario for the collective spontaneous breaking of a U(1) gauge symmetry that, while originally proposed in the context of warm inflation, leads to non-equilibrium particle production sustaining a (sub-dominant) non-thermal radiation bath throughout inflation. We show that this may leave an observational imprint, namely oscillatory features in the primordial curvature power spectrum alongside a (mild) resonant enhancement of its amplitude, as well as secondary gravitational waves that can be probed with future CMB experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJHEP(2026)·3 citations
  12. 12*

    NNLO QCD calculation of hadron multiplicities in light-quark jets at lepton colliders

    Bin Zhou🇨🇳 · Jun Gao🇨🇳

    We present the calculation of next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to hadron multiplicities in light-quark jets at lepton colliders, employing the ``projection-to-Born" (P2B) method implemented in the FMNLO program. Taking the next-to-leading-order result as an example, we rigorously establish the validity of our P2B-based calculation. We then present NNLO predictions for the normalized asymmetry between hadron and antihadron production in light-quark jets and compare them with SLD data. We find that a suppression of these SLD measurements relative to NPC23 predictions for emerges in the intermediate domain (). We expect that incorporating these SLD data into global QCD fits will enable improved determination of fragmentation functions.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·4 citations
  13. 13*

    Thermal Radiation from an Analytic Hydrodynamic Model with Hadronic and QGP Sources in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Gábor László Kasza🇭🇺

    In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of relativistic hydrodynamics. As the system expands and cools, the QGP undergoes a transition into hadronic matter, marking the onset of quark confinement. Direct photons offer insights into an essential stage of evolution, spanning from the onset of thermalization to the suppression of thermal photon production, which occurs within the hadronic phase. This paper builds upon and extends a previously published solution of relativistic hydrodynamics, incorporating an equation of state that falls within the same class as that predicted by lattice QCD. Based on this solution, a completely analytic model is constructed to describe thermal photon production, accounting for the quark-hadron transition. The model is tested against PHENIX measurements of non-prompt direct photon spectra in Au+Au collisions at GeV. Good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the experimental data, enabling the investigation of the centrality dependence of the initial temperature. These results provide a benchmark for future theoretical and experimental studies of thermal radiation in heavy-ion collisions.

    hep-phnucl-thPTEP(2026)·3 citations
  14. 14*

    Decay and lifetime of oscillons coupled to an external scalar field: Insights from instability band analysis

    Siyao Li🇯🇵 · Masahide Yamaguchi🇰🇷 · Ying-li Zhang🇨🇳

    Oscillons are long-lived, spherically symmetric solitons that can arise in real scalar field theories with potentials shallower than quadratic ones. They are considered to form via parametric resonance during the preheating stage after inflation and have extended lifetimes. However, the estimation of their lifespan becomes complicated when taking into account the interactions between the inflaton field and other fields, as naturally expected in realistic reheating scenarios. In this study, we investigate how the lifetime of a single oscillon is affected by the coupling to the external real scalar field. By numerically computing the instability bands of the external field with the inhomogeneous oscillon profile as background, we show that the resonance behavior depends intricately on the coupling strength and shape of the oscillon. We analyze distinct instability mechanisms that dominate across different regimes of the coupling strength and oscillon shapes. Especially, we show that the parametric resonance fails to occur when the oscillon size is too limited to drive enhancement of the external field. Furthermore, our simulations show that as the oscillon loses energy, the exponential growth of the external field can terminate before the oscillon reaches its critical energy for collapse, which indicates that the external field does not necessarily lead to rapid destruction of oscillons even in the presence of strong coupling or with large amplitudes. These results suggest that oscillons can remain long-lived across a wide range of coupling strengths, with potential implications for their role in cosmological evolution.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJCAP(2025)·9 citations
  15. 15*

    Melting down a tetraquark: interactions and in a hot environment

    Victor Montesinos🇪🇸 · Gloria Montaña🇺🇸 · Miguel Albaladejo🇪🇸 · Juan Nieves🇪🇸 · Laura Tolos🇪🇸

    We discuss the modification of the properties of the tetraquark-like and its heavy quark spin partner, immersed in a hot bath of pions. We consider these exotic states as purely isoscalar and -wave bound states, respectively. Finite temperature effects are incorporated through the and state-of-the-art thermal spectral functions calculated in [G. Montana et al., Phys. Rev. D, 102 (2020) 096020], using the imaginary-time formalism. We find important modifications of the and scattering amplitudes already for MeV, and show that the hot-bath lineshapes of these tetraquark-like states strongly depend on their Weinberg molecular content. We find that the thermal and spectral functions change more rapidly with temperature for high molecular probabilities . For large values of , the widths significantly increase with temperature, leading to the melting of these exotic states for temperatures larger than 80 MeV. For small molecular components, the changes in the spectral functions of these states due to temperature become significantly less important. All these results show that any future experimental determination of the scattering amplitudes at finite temperature will provide valuable insights into the molecular content of the and exotics.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·4 citations
  16. 16*

    Stopping Dark Mesons in Their Tracks with Long-Lived Particle and Resonant Signatures

    Pouya Asadi🇺🇸 · Austin Batz🇺🇸 · Elias Bernreuther🇺🇸 · Marco Costa🇨🇦 · Samuel Homiller🇺🇸 · Graham D. Kribs🇺🇸

    Dark sectors with confining gauge interactions can provide both simple dark matter candidates and striking signals at colliders. We recast Large Hadron Collider searches for two different signatures of dark mesons that arise from a strongly-coupled theory with vector-like dark quarks that are in some non-trivial representation of Standard Model SU(2). For any such electroweak representation, there is a 3-plet of dark mesons whose charged components are long-lived, and we reinterpret searches for disappearing tracks to place a lower bound on their mass of TeV. When the dark quarks are in SU(2) representations larger than the fundamental, there is also a 5-plet of dark mesons that interacts with the electroweak gauge bosons via a chiral anomaly. We show that the 5-plet is the unique non-trivial meson multiplet with this anomaly and recast searches for the resulting diboson resonances to place bounds on model parameters. With additional measurements, the anomaly also enables one to reconstruct some ultraviolet parameters (the numbers of dark flavors and colors) while only measuring states in the infrared. Each of these signals represents an exciting opportunity for future searches using higher luminosity.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·4 citations
  17. 17*

    INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager Constraints on Light Bosonic Dark Matter: ALPs, Dark Photons, Scalars, and Vectors

    Thong T.Q. Nguyen🇸🇪 · Pedro De la Torre Luque🇪🇸 · Isabelle John🇮🇹 · Shyam Balaji🇬🇧 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪 · Tim Linden🇸🇪

    The decay of light bosonic dark matter particles can produce a bright electron/positron () flux that can be strongly constrained by local Voyager observations of the direct flux, as well as 511 keV Line and X-ray continuum observations of emission. We carefully analyze the yield and resulting cosmic-ray and X-ray spectra from theoretically well-motivated light dark matter models, including: (a) electrophilic axion-like particles, (b) dark photons, (c) scalars, and (d) and vector bosons. We use the morphology and spectrum of the INTEGRAL 511 keV line data, the eROSITA X-ray continuum spectrum and the Voyager spectrum to constrain the decay lifetime and coupling of each dark matter model. We find that 511 keV observations typically set world-leading limits on bosonic dark matter decay below masses of 1 GeV, while eROSITA observations provide the strongest constraints in the range from 1--10 GeV. Finally, we forecast future limits from 21 cm line searches with next-generation HERA data.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·19 citations
  18. 18*

    CP violation in with and without time dependence through a tagged analysis

    Giancarlo D'Ambrosio🇮🇹 · Avital Dery🇨🇭 · Yuval Grossman🇺🇸 · Teppei Kitahara🇯🇵 · Radoslav Marchevski🇨🇭 · Diego Martínez Santos🇪🇸 · Stefan Schacht🇬🇧

    We point out that using current knowledge of and , one can extract short-distance information from the combined measurement of the time-integrated CP asymmetry, , and of . We discuss the interplay between this set of observables, and demonstrate that determining would eliminate the discrete ambiguity in the Standard Model prediction for . We then move on to feasibility studies within an LHCb-like setup, using both time-integrated and time-dependent information, employing and tagging methods. We find that, within an optimistic scenario, the short-distance amplitude, proportional to the CKM parameter combination , could be constrained by LHCb at the level of about of its Standard Model value, and the discrete ambiguity in could be resolved at more than by the end of the high luminosity LHC.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·10 citations
  19. 19*

    Theory-informed neural networks for particle physics

    Barry M. Dillon🇮🇪 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    We present a theory-informed reinforcement-learning framework that recasts the combinatorial assignment of final-state particles in hadron collider events as a Markov decision process. A transformer-based Deep Q-Network, rewarded at each step by the logarithmic change in the tree-level matrix element, learns to map final-state particles to partons. Because the reward derives solely from first-principles theory, the resulting policy is label-free and fully interpretable, allowing every reconstructed particle to be traced to a definite partonic origin. The method is validated on event reconstruction for , , and processes at the Large Hadron Collider. The method maintains robust performance across all processes, demonstrating its scaling with increasing combinatorial complexity. We demonstrate how this method can be used to build a theory-informed classifier for effective discrimination of longitudinal pairs, and show that we can construct theory-informed anomaly-detection tools using background process matrix elements. Building on theoretical calculations, this method offers a transparent alternative to black-box classifiers. Being built on the matrix element, the classification and anomaly scores naturally respect all physical symmetries and are much less susceptible to the implicit biases common to other methods. Thus, it provides a framework for precision measurements, hypothesis testing, and anomaly searches at the High-Luminosity LHC.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2026)·4 citations
  20. 20*

    Finding strangelets in cosmic rays from HESS J1731-347, a possible strange quark star using the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

    C.R. Das🇷🇺

    The hypothesis that supernova remnants are key sources of Galactic cosmic rays gains support from evidence that HESS J1731-347 one of the few Galactic objects capable of accelerating hadronic cosmic rays to TeV energies may harbor an exotic strange quark star rather than a conventional neutron star. This conclusion stems from its unusually low mass and compact radius, which challenge standard neutron star models. If confirmed, such a quark star could generate cosmic rays through the transition from the two-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase to the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase, potentially releasing strangelets, hypothetical strange quark matter (SQM) particles. Detecting these strangelets in cosmic rays would provide groundbreaking evidence for quark matter. The future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with its unmatched sensitivity and spectral resolution in the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray regime, is uniquely positioned to search for their annihilation or decay signatures. We analyze theoretical predictions for these gamma-ray signals and evaluate CTA's potential to detect or constrain them. Additionally, we present an in-depth assessment of CTA observations of HESS J1731-347, focusing on spectral features that could confirm strangelet production. A positive detection would not only validate the existence of strange quark stars but also establish a direct link between quark matter and cosmic-ray acceleration, reshaping our understanding of compact objects and high-energy astrophysics.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2025)·1 citation
  21. 21*

    The Preheating Stage on The Starobinsky Inflation after ACT

    Norma Sidik Risdianto🇮🇩 · Romy Hanang Setya Budhi🇮🇩 · Nehla Shobcha🇮🇩 · Apriadi Salim Adam🇮🇩 · Muhammad Abdan Syakura

    In this paper, we reinvestigate the Starobinsky inflation model and its reheating features in light of the recent ACT results. To make the Starobinsky model consistent with the ACT data at the confidence level, the number of e-folds must increase while the reheating temperature decreases. We find that the Starobinsky model requires a spectator field to achieve efficient preheating. The preheating stage and the reheating temperature must be significantly adjusted to accommodate the lower temperature. In this paper, the favored non-minimal coupling of the produced particles is approximately or slightly lower. We also present viable parameter sets that fit the preferred reheating mechanism in this model. For certain parameter choices, the daughter fields could potentially be detected in future collider experiments such as the LHC or the ILC. Furthermore, our proposed mechanism can reproduce the lower reheating temperature, but it fails when the temperature falls below GeV.

    gr-qchep-ph12 citations
  22. 22*

    Gravitational wave standard sirens: A brief review of cosmological parameter estimation

    Shang-Jie Jin🇺🇸 · Ji-Yu Song🇺🇸 · Tian-Yang Sun🇺🇸 · Si-Ren Xiao🇺🇸 · He Wang🇨🇳 · Ling-Feng Wang🇨🇳 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Gravitational wave (GW) observations are expected to serve as a powerful and independent probe of the expansion history of the universe. By providing direct and calibration-free measurements of luminosity distances through waveform analysis, GWs provide a fundamentally different and potentially more robust approach to measuring cosmic-scale distances compared to traditional electromagnetic (EM) observations, which is known as the standard siren method. In this review, we present an overview of recent developments in GW standard siren cosmology, including up-to-date constraints, and prospects for constraining cosmological parameters using future GW detections. A central focus of this review is the unique ability of GW observations to break cosmological parameter degeneracies inherent in the EM observations. We also briefly highlight the impact of systematic uncertainties, such as detector calibration, weak lensing, peculiar velocities, and host-galaxy catalog completeness, and corresponding potential mitigation strategies, which currently limit the constraint precision of cosmological parameters. Looking forward, we highlight the importance of combining GW standard sirens with other emerging late-universe cosmological probes such as fast radio bursts, 21 cm intensity mapping, and strong gravitational lensing to forge a precise cosmological probe for exploring the late universe.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thSCPMA(2026)·39 citations
  23. 23*

    Analytic Gravitational Wave Spectrum in Next-to-Minimal Bouncing Cosmology

    Changhong Li🇨🇳

    Bouncing cosmology offers a singularity-free alternative to inflation, but its minimal realization-comprising only four cosmic phases-predicts a simple power-law stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) with a narrow observational window. We introduce the next-to-minimal bouncing cosmology (NMBC), which adds an extra early contraction phase that imprints a broken power-law feature in the SGWB spectrum, enhancing detectability. Using our matrix-representation method grounded in an inequality algebra, we derive a closed-form expression for the NMBC SGWB spectrum. From this analytical result, we show that all NMBC models satisfying the current \(\Delta N_{\rm eff}\) bound \(\Omega_{\rm GW}h^2(f)<1.7\times10^{-6}\) automatically avoid the trans-Planckian problem, \(\rho_{s\downarrow}^{1/4}<0.79\,m_{\rm pl}\). These findings establish the NMBC as a self-consistent, self-contained framework capable of generating a potentially detectable SGWB in both astrophysical and laboratory searches, and demonstrate the broad utility of our matrix-representation method for future SGWB analyses in multi-phase cosmologies.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph0 citations
  24. 24*

    Effect of Noncommutative Geometry on Accretion Disks around RGI-Schwarzschild Black Hole

    Dilip Kumar🇮🇳

    In this study, we explore the combined effects of quantum gravity induced by non-commutativity and scale-dependent gravitational coupling on the thermal properties of the thin accretion disks around a Schwarzschild black hole. We consider a -deformed Renormalization Group Improved (RGI) Schwarzschild black hole, where the classical Schwarzschild black hole geometry is modified by the -deformation of space-time and the running Newton's coupling constant . Using the modified metric, we derive the geodesic motion of massive particles, the effective potential, and the thermal properties such as the radiated energy flux, luminosity, and the temperature profile of the accretion disk around the -deformed RGI-Schwarzschild black hole. Our study shows that when non-commutativity is combined with the RGI framework, the effects produce a noticeable deviation from the classical Schwarzschild case. In particular, for small values of the deformation parameter, we observe an increase in the peak energy flux and the temperature of the accretion disk. This suggests that quantum gravity corrections enhance the disk's radiative efficiency, especially in the inner regions closer to the black hole.

    gr-qchep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2025)·3 citations
  25. 25*

    Asymptotics of spin-spin correlators weighted by fermion number measurements with low rapidity threshold in the 2D Ising free-fermion QFT

    Yizhuang Liu🇵🇱

    In the work, we study the averaged number of massive fermions above a low rapidity threshold , underlying the form-factor expansions of the spin-spin two-point correlators at an Euclidean distance , in the 2D Ising QFT at the free massive fermion point. Despite the on-shell freeness, the spin operators are still far away from being Gaussian, and create particles in the asymptotic states with complicated correlations. We show how the number observables can still be incorporated into the integrable Sinh-Gordon/Painleve-III framework and controlled by linear differential equations with two variables . We show how the differential equations and the information of two crucial scaling functions arising in the , scaling limit, can be combined to fully determine the small- asymptotics of the observables, in the -extended form. The scaling functions, on the other hand, are analyzed by summing the exponential form-factor expansions directly, generalizing the traditional Ising connecting computations. We show carefully, how the singularities cancel in the physical value limit and how the power-corrections that collapse at this value can be resummed. In particular, we show for the physical -value, the scaling functions are related to an integrated four-point function in the Ising CFT and continue to control the asymptotics of the number-observables in the scaling limit up to .

    hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2026)·0 citations
  26. 26*

    Gravitational Waves from First-Order Phase Transitions Assisted by Temperature-Enhanced Scatterings

    Arnab Chaudhuri🇯🇵

    Scatterings whose cross sections increase as the cosmic temperature decreases, known as temperature - enhanced scatterings, can have a significant impact on the thermal effective potential of scalar fields responsible for driving cosmological first-order phase transitions. We show that such effects naturally manifest as finite-temperature self-energy corrections to the scalar mass term, leading to an additional contribution of the form \(c\,T^{p}\phi^{2}\) in the effective potential. In this work, we systematically investigate how these loop-induced, temperature-dependent corrections affect key phase transition parameters, including the nucleation temperature, latent heat release, and inverse duration parameter. These modifications influence both the strength and duration of the phase transition, which in turn determine the properties of the resulting stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background. Employing semi-analytic computational methods, we evaluate the GW spectra generated under these conditions and compare our predictions with the projected sensitivities of forthcoming detectors such as LISA, DECIGO, and BBO. Our analysis demonstrates that finite-temperature scattering effects of this kind can substantially strengthen first-order transitions and produce GW signals that lie within the reach of future observational facilities. The results establish a concrete thermal-field-theoretic origin for temperature-dependent modifications of the scalar potential and emphasize their importance in shaping early-Universe cosmological signatures.

    astro-ph.COhep-phNPB(2026)·5 citations
  27. 27*

    Hydrodynamical transports in generic AdS Gauss-Bonnet-scalar Gravity

    Chenwei Tong🇨🇳 · Rohit Mishra · Yanqi Wang🇨🇳 · Song He🇨🇳

    The experimentally observed temperature-dependent shear and bulk viscosities of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), along with its apparent violation of the Kovtun-Son-Starinets (KSS) bound , necessitate a holographic description that incorporates higher-derivative corrections. We propose a five-dimensional Einstein-Scalar-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet model in which a scalar-Gauss-Bonnet coupling encodes leading curvature corrections. Although no closed-form black hole solution is available, we employ an entropy-production analysis at the event horizon to derive exact analytic formulas for the shear viscosity and bulk viscosity . These expressions exhibit apparent deviation from the KSS bound and nontrivial temperature dependence. We then perform an independent computation via the retarded Green function (Kubo) method, finding perfect agreement for and isolating a single constant in that requires numerical determination. Our dual derivation underscores the pivotal role of higher-derivative terms in realistic QGP modeling and demonstrates the efficacy of nonanalytic holographic backgrounds in capturing the dynamics of strongly coupled fluids.

    hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·4 citations
  28. 28*

    Reconstructing Air-Shower Observables using a Universality-Based Model at the Pierre Auger Observatory

    Maximilian Stadelmaier (for the Pierre Auger Collaboration)

    Based on solutions of the cascade equations, the air-shower universality is a framework that for all air showers with the same energy, zenith angle, depth of shower maximum, and muon number predicts the same longitudinal, lateral, and energy distributions of electromagnetic shower particles. We employ a universality-based model of shower development that incorporates hadronic particle components to reconstruct observables from extensive air showers produced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The model can estimate key parameters, such as the depth of the shower maximum and the number of muons at the event level. We discuss the performance of the reconstruction algorithm using both air-shower simulations, and preliminary results obtained from the Phase-I data of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phPoS(2025)·3 citations
  29. 29*

    Effect of Dark matter and -cut potential on radial and non-radial oscillation modes in neutron stars

    Prashant Thakur🇮🇳 · Ishfaq Ahmad Rather🇩🇪 · Y. Lim🇰🇷

    We study the mesonic nonlinear (NL) interaction equation of state (EoS) employing the relativistic mean-field model and investigate the effect of -cut potential (NL- cut) and dark matter (NL DM) on the non-radial and radial oscillation modes of neutron stars. For NL- cut, we include the -cut potential to study its effect. For the dark matter, we use the neutron decay anomaly model. For each model, we investigate two extreme EoSs, stiff and soft, that cover the entire allowed parameter range from the given model, consistent with the current astrophysical constraints. The EoS and the stellar properties, such as mass and radius, are calculated, and the effect of -cut and DM is discussed. Both non-radial and radial oscillation modes are computed in the general relativistic framework. We study the non-radial and mode frequency, damping time, and some qusi-universal relations connecting the frequencies of the -mode to the average density and compactness. The analysis showed that the and mode frequencies at both 1.4~ and the maximum mass configuration are higher in the NL DM model compared to the NL and NL- models. The consistent alignment between our prior parameterizations and current calculations strongly supports the existence of quasi-universal relations that hold true irrespective of the particular matter components involved. For the radial oscillations, we compute 10 lowest-order modes (, ), study the radial perturbations as well as the large frequency separation with NL- cut and NL DM EoS, showing that the microphysics involved in the NS EoS is imprinted on the frequency separation between different nodes.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
  30. 30*

    High-precision baryon number cumulants from lattice QCD in a finite box: cumulant ratios, Lee-Yang zeros and critical endpoint predictions

    Alexander Adam🇩🇪 · Szabolcs Borsányi🇩🇪 · Zoltan Fodor🇩🇪 · Jana N. Guenther🇩🇪 · Piyush Kumar🇩🇪 · Paolo Parotto🇮🇹 · Attila Pásztor🇭🇺 · Chik Him Wong🇩🇪

    We have performed high-statistics lattice simulations using 4HEX improved staggered fermions on lattices. We calculated the Taylor expansion coefficients of the pressure with respect to the baryochemical potential to the tenth order at zero, and fourth order at purely imaginary chemical potentials. We used this data to construct rational function approximations of the free energy. We use a rational ansatz that explicitly satisfies the charge conjugation symmetry and the Roberge-Weiss periodicity, which are exact properties of the QCD free energy. We use this ansatz to estimate the position of Lee-Yang zeros in the complex chemical potential plane. The temperature dependence of the imaginary part of the Lee-Yang zeros is then fitted with ansätze motivated by the universal behavior of the free energy near a 3D Ising critical point. In principle, this allows one to estimate the temperature of the critical endpoint. We consider several sources of systematic errors. On this single lattice spacing we find that with probability, the chiral critical endpoint is either below ~MeV temperature or it does not exist. We also identify some caveats of the method, which do not disappear even with the extremely high statistics of this present study. We discuss to what extent these can be eliminated by future high statistics lattice analyses.

    hep-latcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·23 citations
  31. 31*

    Electron-neutrino lepton number crossings: Variations with the supernova core physics

    Marie Cornelius (1)🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra (1)🇩🇰 · Malte Heinlein (2,3)🇩🇪 · Shashank Shalgar (1)🇩🇰 · Hans-Thomas Janka (2) ((1) Niels Bohr Institute, (2) MPI Astrophysics, (3) TUM)🇩🇪

    A crucial ingredient affecting fast neutrino flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is the shape of the angular distribution of the electron-neutrino lepton number (ELN). The presence of an ELN crossing signals favorable conditions for flavor conversion. However, the dependence of ELN crossings on the SN properties is only partially understood. We investigate a suite of 12 spherically symmetric neutrino-hydrodynamics simulations of the core collapse of a SN with a mass of ; each model employs different microphysics (i.e., three different nuclear equations of state, with and without muon creation) and includes or not a mixing-length treatment for proto-neutron star convection. We solve the Boltzmann equations to compute the neutrino angular distributions relying on static fluid properties extracted from each of the SN simulations in our suite for six selected post-bounce times. We explore the dependence of the ELN distributions on the SN microphysics and proto-neutron star convection. We find that the latter shifts the proto-neutron star radius outwards, favoring the appearance of ELN crossings at larger radii. On the other hand, muon creation causes proto-neutron star contraction, facilitating the occurrence of ELN crossings at smaller radii. These effects mildly depend on the nuclear equation of state. Our findings highlight the subtle impact of the SN microphysics, proto-neutron star convection, and neutrino transport on the ELN angular distributions.

    astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
  32. 32*

    Reanalyzing DESI DR1: 1. CDM Constraints from the Power Spectrum and Bispectrum

    Anton Chudaykin🇨🇭 · Mikhail M. Ivanov🇺🇸 · Oliver H. E. Philcox🇺🇸

    We present the first independent re-analysis of the galaxy clustering data from DESI Data Release 1, utilizing an effective field theory full-shape model. We analyze the power spectra and bispectra of the public catalogs using a custom-built pipeline based on window-deconvolved quasi-optimal estimators, accounting for a number of systematic effects. Compared to the official collaboration analysis, we add the galaxy power spectrum hexadecapole and the bispectrum monopole, and also introduce a novel stochastic estimator for fiber collisions, which facilitates robust bispectrum analyses. As a first application, we perform a full-shape analysis of the DESI power spectra and bispectra in the context of the standard cosmological model, CDM. Using external priors on the physical baryon density and the primordial power spectrum tilt, we constrain the matter density fraction to , the Hubble constant to km/s/Mpc, and the mass fluctuation amplitude to . The bispectrum sharpens constraints on and by and shifts by towards the \textit{Planck} CDM value. Combining our full-shape likelihood with the official DESI DR2 BAO measurements, cosmological parameters shift further towards the \textit{Planck} values, with , km/s/Mpc, (with tighter constraints obtained in joint analyses). Similar results are obtained in a joint analysis with DR1 BAO, accounting for the cross-covariance. Finally, the bispectrum data improves measurements of quadratic bias parameters, which are consistent with predictions from halo occupation distribution models. Our work highlights the importance of higher-order statistics and sets the stage for upcoming full-shape analyses of non-minimal cosmological models.

    astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-ph+1PRD(2026)·51 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.