Wed·Jul 9, 2025Wednesday·July 9, 2025

1. 01*

   Gravitational form factors of pions, kaons and nucleons from dispersion relations

   Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Qu-Zhi Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Wen Wu🇨🇳 · De-Liang Yao🇨🇳

   The gravitational form factors of pions, kaons and the nucleons are investigated by employing modern dispersive techniques and chiral perturbation theory. We determine the gravitational form factors of pions and kaons, extending our analysis to explore the pion mass dependence of these form factors at several unphysical pion masses up to 391 MeV, for which lattice results exist for the meson-meson scattering phase shifts. We also review our analysis on the nucleon gravitational form factors at the physical pion mass, and then systematically calculate various three-dimensional spatial and two-dimensional transverse density distributions for the nucleons. These results provide new insights into the mass distribution inside nucleons. As a by-product, we match our dispersion relation results and those obtained from chiral perturbation theory with external gravitational source at the next-to-next-to-leading order, yielding values for the low-energy constants $c_8=-4.28_{-0.38}^{+0.37}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ and $c_9=-0.68_{-0.05}^{+0.06}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$. These results offer a robust benchmark for future experimental and theoretical studies.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thEur.Phys.J.ST(2026)·25 citations
2. 02*

   New limits on CPT-Symmetry Violation in Charm mesons

   W. Krzemien🇵🇱 · M .Kmiec🇵🇱 · A. Szabelski🇵🇱 · W. Wislicki🇵🇱

   Neutral flavour meson oscillations are a fascinating quantum phenomenon that allows for high-precision tests of fundamental symmetries, including CPT invariance. In this contribution, we present the methodology for testing CPT violation in neutral flavour meson systems, with particular emphasis on the charm sector. We report the recently established constraints on CPT-violating effects, derived from a reinterpretation of the LHCb measurement of the time-dependent asymmetry in the Cabibbo-favoured decays $D^0\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ and ${\bar{D}}^0\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. Our results improve the previous bounds by the FOCUS experiment by approximately two orders of magnitude. We also discuss prospects for tests of CPT invariance, including the Standard Model Extension framework.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
3. 03*

   Heavy Mesons to Open-Charmed Tetraquark Decays

   Chun-Khiang Chua🇹🇼

   Motivated by the recent observations of $T_{cs0}^{\ast }(2870{)}^0$, $T_{c\bar{s}0}^{\ast }(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}^{\ast }(2900{)}^{++}$ open-charmed tetraquark states by LHCb, we study the decays of heavy mesons to these open-charmed tetraquark states ($T$) using a topological amplitude approach. We first obtain the $T\to DP$ and $DS$ strong decay amplitudes by decomposing them into several topological amplitudes, where $P$ is a light pseudo-scalar particle and $S$ is a low-lying scalar particle. Subsequently, weak decay amplitudes of $\overline{B}\to D\overline{T}$, $\overline{D}T$ and $\overline{B}\to TP$, $TS$ decays are decomposed topologically. In addition, $B_c^{-}\to T\overline{T}$ decays are also discussed. Using these results, modes with an unambiguous exotic interpretation in flavor are highlighted.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Tribrid Inflation, Type II Leptogenesis, and Observable Gravitational Waves in $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$

   Waqas Ahmed🇨🇳 · Saleh O. Allehabi🇸🇦 · Farishta Israr🇵🇰 · Mansoor Ur Rehman🇸🇦

   We present a concrete realization of tribrid inflation within the framework of the gauge group $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$. In this model, inflation is driven by the neutral components of left-handed Higgs triplets, which also play a central role in generating the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via non-thermal leptogenesis. Tiny neutrino masses arise naturally through a type-II seesaw mechanism, facilitated by right-handed triplet fields. Supergravity corrections, stemming from the leading-order terms in a non-minimal Kähler potential, are essential in bringing the predictions of the scalar spectral index $n_s$ into agreement with the latest cosmological data, including the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6, Planck 2018, and LB-BK18. A key feature of this model is the existence of a viable parameter space that predicts potentially observable primordial gravitational waves, with a tensor-to-scalar ratio $r\lesssim 0.005$, placing it within reach of upcoming experiments.

   hep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·6 citations
5. 05*

   $WWh$ anomalous couplings at one loop from a seesaw variant of radiatively-induced neutrino masses

   Héctor Novales-Sánchez🇲🇽 · Enrique Ramírez🇲🇽 · Mónica Salinas🇲🇽 · Humberto Vázquez-Castro🇲🇽

   After the successful measurement of the Higgs-like particle at the Large Hadron Collider, the determination of whether it corresponds to either the minimal version of the Higgs scalar, provided by the Standard Model, or to some new physics, so far unknown, has become a main objective of the high-energy-physics community. In particular, the investigation of the couplings of this particle with the rest of the Standard-Model field content is a central task. To this aim, in the present paper we consider a variant of the seesaw neutrino-mass-generating mechanism in which the masses of light neutrinos are generated via radiative corrections of the neutrino 2-point function. In this framework, we calculate the contributions from virtual Majorana neutrinos to the $WWh$ vertex, at one loop. A set of anomalous couplings, some of them $CP$-even and the others $CP$-odd, emerge from this calculation. We perform numerical estimations of these anomalous couplings by taking into account the role of the $WWh$ vertex in (1) $Wh$ production from $pp$ collisions and (2) in Higgs production by vector-boson fusion, occurring in some lepton collider. Our estimations show that all the generated anomalous couplings are beyond current experimental sensitivity. However, we note that $CP$-conserving anomalous couplings could be as large as $\sim 10^{-3}$, which would be near the reach of the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider. On the other hand, $CP$-odd effects, amounting to $\sim 10^{-4}$, turn out to be well below expectations for the Compact Linear Collider by about 2 orders of magnitude.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Investigating the transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent flow vector decorrelation in p--Pb collisions with a Multi-Phase Transport model

   Siyu Tang🇨🇳 · Zuman Zhang🇨🇳 · Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳 · Renzhuo Wan🇨🇳

   The event-by-event fluctuations in the initial energy density of the nuclear collisions lead to the decorrelation of second order flow vector, as known as its transverse-momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) dependence as observed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Existing measurements at the CERN Large Hadron Collider shown that these decorrelations are also observed in small collision systems. In this work, a systematic study of the transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent flow vector decorrelation is performed in p--Pb collisions at the 5.02 TeV with A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model using different tunings of the initial conditions, partonic and hadronic interactions. It is found that the string-melting version of the AMPT model provides a reasonable description of the measured flow vector decorrelation as a function of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and $\eta$. We demonstrate that the hadronic scatterings do not have significant impact on decorrelation in p--Pb collisions for different centrality selections, while both initial conditions and partonic interactions influence the magnitude of the decorrelations. In addition, we found that the subtraction of the nonflow, especially the long-range jet correlation, is crucial for the accurate extraction of the flow vector decorrelation in small collision systems. The comparison of data and model presented in this paper provide further insights in understanding the fluctuations of the flow vector with $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and $\eta$ in small collision systems and has referential value for future measurements.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Probing Yoctosecond Quantum Dynamics in Toponium Formation at Colliders

   Chang Xiong🇨🇳 · Yu-Jie Zhang🇨🇳

   The formation of toponium, a bound state of top and anti-top quarks, provides an unprecedented system for investigating quantum state dynamics at ultrashort timescales. We explore two distinct phenomenological descriptions of this process: a 'wavelike' scenario emphasizing the role of quantum superposition at creation, and a 'particlelike' scenario where a finite formation time is governed by relativistic causality. Both descriptions are compatible with the principles of relativistic quantum field theory. We propose to distinguish these scenarios by exploiting the top quark's intrinsic lifetime (${\tau }_t\sim 5.02\times 10^{-25}$\,s) as a quantum chronometer. We simulate the cross-section ratio $R_b=\sigma (e^{+}{e}^{-}\to b\bar{b})/{\sum }_q\sigma (e^{+}{e}^{-}\to q\bar{q})$ ($q=u,d,s,c,b$) near $\sqrt{s}=343$\,GeV at future lepton colliders (CEPC/FCC-ee). These distinct scenarios yield observable $R_b$ profiles, enabling $>5\sigma$ discrimination with 1500\,fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Preliminary LHC data provide independent $2$--$3\sigma$ support. This framework establishes a collider-based method to explore time-dependent quantum phenomena in particle production with yoctosecond ($10^{-24}$\,s) resolution.

   hep-phhep-exquant-ph7 citations
8. 08*

   Unraveling $K(1690)$ as a pseudoscalar $ud\bar{d}\bar{s}$ tetraquark state

   Jin-Peng Zhang🇨🇳 · Xu-Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Zi-Xi Ou-Yang🇨🇳 · Xiang Yu🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳

   The recent observed $K(1690)$ has been identified as a supernumerary pseudoscalar resonance signal in the strange-meson spectrum predicted by quark model calculations. It is the best candidate of a strange crypto-exotic state. In this work, we systematically study the hadron masses of $ud\bar{d}\bar{s}$ tetraquark states with $J^P=0^{-}$ in the method of QCD sum rules (QCDSR). For ten interpolating currents, we calculate the correlation functions up to dimension-8 nonperturbative condensates. To calculate the tri-gluon condensate, we comprehensively consider the contributions from different operators with and without covariant derivatives. The infrared (IR) safety can be guaranteed for the completely calculated tri-gluon condensate by properly addressing the IR divergences in Feynman diagrams. It is demonstrated that the tri-gluon condensate provides significant contributions to the sum-rule analyses in these light tetraquark systems. Our results support the interpretation of $K(1690)$ resonance to be a pseudoscalar $ud\bar{d}\bar{s}$ tetraquark state.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·7 citations
9. 09*

   $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-Analyses with Symbolic Regression

   Henning Bahl🇩🇪 · Elina Fuchs🇩🇪 · Marco Menen🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

   Searching for $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ violation in Higgs interactions at the LHC is as challenging as it is important. Although modern machine learning outperforms traditional methods, its results are difficult to control and interpret, which is especially important if an unambiguous probe of a fundamental symmetry is required. We propose solving this problem by learning analytic formulas with symbolic regression. Using the complementary PySR and SymbolNet approaches, we learn $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-sensitive observables at the detector level for WBF Higgs production and top-associated Higgs production. We find that they offer advantages in interpretability and performance.

   hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2026)·9 citations
10. 10*

    Topped baryons from QCD sum rules

    Shu-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Wei-Han Tan🇨🇳 · Xuan Luo🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

    The recent CMS observation of a near-threshold enhancement in top quark pair production provides the first experimental indication of a short-lived pseudoscalar $t\bar{t}$ bound state, commonly referred to as toponium. While most existing studies focus on toponium using perturbative QCD near threshold, baryonic configurations containing a single top quark -- singly topped baryons -- offer a complementary nonperturbative perspective. Notably, singly topped baryons are expected to exhibit a longer lifetime and a narrower decay width than toponium, since only one top quark decays rather than two. The heavy quark effective theory provides a natural and powerful framework for analyzing such systems, allowing the separation of heavy and light quark dynamics. In this work we employ heavy quark effective theory to investigate the internal structure of ground-state singly topped baryons. We construct their interpolating currents and analyze them using QCD sum rules. The resulting masses of the ground-state singly topped baryons are found to lie around 174 GeV, approximately $1.1$-$1.5$ GeV above the pole mass of the top quark.

    hep-ph10 citations
11. 11*

    Electroweak Phase Transition, Gravitational Waves and Collider Probes in Multi-Scalar Dark Matter Scenarios

    Tripurari Srivastava🇨🇳 · Jaydeb Das🇮🇳 · Anupam Ghosh🇮🇳 · Arnab Chaudhuri🇯🇵

    We study scalar singlet extensions of the Standard Model (SM), focusing on scenarios where dark matter (DM) is stabilized by a \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) symmetry. In the minimal single-scalar extension of the SM, only a narrow region near the Higgs resonance remains viable, requiring small portal couplings in order to simultaneously satisfy the observed relic abundance and comply with the most recent direct detection limits from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ-2024) and XENON1T experiments. To address this limitation, we extend the dark sector by introducing additional real singlet scalars. In both two- and three-singlet extensions, we demonstrate that the observed dark matter relic density can be accommodated with larger Higgs portal couplings. These couplings significantly impact early-Universe dynamics by enhancing the strength of the electroweak phase transition. Both the two- and three-singlet scalar extensions can induce a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, generating stochastic gravitational waves potentially observable at future space-based detectors such as LISA and DECIGO. Notably, the three-singlet scenario induce an even stronger transition compared to the two-singlet case, enhancing the gravitational wave signal strength. Our results highlight the potential of extended scalar sectors as testable frameworks connecting dark matter and gravitational wave signals.

    hep-phJCAP(2026)·13 citations
12. 12*

    SMEFT ATLAS: The Landscape Beyond the Standard Model

    Jason Aebischer🇨🇭 · Andrzej J.Buras🇩🇪 · Jacky Kumar🇺🇸

    The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) based on the unbroken gauge group ${\text{SU(3)}}_C\otimes {\text{SU(2)}}_L\otimes {\text{U(1)}}_Y$ and containing only particles of the Standard Model (SM) has developed in the last decade to a mature field. It is the framework to be used in the energy gap from scales sufficiently higher than the electroweak scale up to the lowest energy scale at which new particles show up. We summarize the present status of this theory with a particular emphasize on its role in the indirect search for new physics (NP). While flavour physics of both quarks and leptons is the main topic of our review, we also discuss electric dipole moments, anomalous magnetic moments $(g-2{)}_{\mu ,e}$, $Z$-pole observables, Higgs observables and high-$p_T$ scattering processes within the SMEFT. We group the observables into ten classes and list for each class the most relevant operators and the corresponding renormalization group equations (RGEs). We exhibit the correlations between different classes implied both by the operator mixing and the ${\text{SU(2)}}_L$ gauge symmetry. Our main goal is to provide an insight into the complicated operator structure of this framework which hopefully will facilitate the identification of valid ultraviolet completions behind possible anomalies observed in future data. Numerous colourful charts, and 85 tables, while representing rather complicated RG evolution from the NP scale down to the electroweak scale, beautify the involved SMEFT landscape. Over 950 references to the literature underline the importance and the popularity of this field. We discuss both top-down and bottom-up approaches as well as their interplay. This allows us eventually to present an atlas of different landscapes beyond the SM that includes heavy gauge bosons and scalars, vector-like quarks and leptons and leptoquarks.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lathep-thPhys.Rept.(2026)·44 citations
13. 13*

    V-Associated Production & Vector Boson Fusion as an LHC Signature of CP Violation

    Rodrigo Capucha🇵🇹 · Álvaro Lozano-Onrubia🇪🇸 · Luca Merlo🇪🇸 · José Miguel No🇪🇸 · Rui Santos🇵🇹

    We investigate the role of vector boson fusion (VBF) and associated production with an electroweak boson (V-AP) of beyond-the-Standard-Model Higgses at the LHC in probing CP violation in extended Higgs sectors. Resonant production of a new Higgs boson through V-AP/VBF subsequently decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson h would be a robust sign of CP violation, since h has been measured to be (predominantly) a CP-even state. After identifying this and other sets of signatures which rely on V-AP/VBF to jointly uncover CP violation, we analyze the prospects to measure CP violation in this way for the complex two-Higgs-doublet-model at the High-Luminosity LHC.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
14. 14*

    Right-handed neutrino dark matter consistent with the generation of baryon number asymmetry

    Daijiro Suematsu🇯🇵

    A right-handed neutrino is a promising candidate for dark matter (DM) which has no interaction with nuclei. Since two right-handed neutrinos explain neutrino oscillation data and baryon number asymmetry through both the seesaw mechanism and leptogenesis based on the out-of-equilibrium decay of the lighter one, the lightest third right-handed neutrino could be free from them and stable to be DM. It suggests a possibility that the right-handed neutrinos could be common key particles for the explanation of three problems in the standard model (SM). We study this possibility by analyzing the structure of a neutrino mass matrix in the scotogenic model for neutrino mass.

    hep-ph1 citation
15. 15*

    A First Determination of the LHC Neutrino Fluxes from FASER Data

    Jukka John🇳🇱 · Felix Kling🇩🇪 · Jelle Koorn🇳🇱 · Peter Krack🇳🇱 · Juan Rojo🇳🇱

    The detection of TeV neutrinos from the LHC by the far-forward detectors FASER and SND@LHC enables a plethora of novel physics opportunities. Among these, the measurement of the flavour, energy, and rapidity dependence of the LHC forward neutrino fluxes provides unique constraints on theoretical predictions of forward particle production in hadronic collisions. We demonstrate that neutrino event yield measurements at FASER from Run 3 and at its HL-LHC upgrades enable a theory-agnostic extraction of the LHC forward neutrino fluxes. We exploit the equivalence of the problem with the determination of parton distributions from deep-inelastic structure functions to apply the NNPDF approach, based on machine learning regression and the Monte Carlo replica method, to LHC neutrino fluxes. The resulting NN$\nu$flux methodology is validated through closure tests and applied to a first extraction of the LHC muon neutrino flux from the FASER 2024 data. We show how NN$\nu$flux can discriminate between event generators of forward hadron production; scrutinize a possible intrinsic charm component in the proton; and constrain BSM scenarios with enhanced decays of neutral hadrons into neutrinos.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Gravitational form factors of pion in a nonlocal quark model

    Vladimir Voronin🇷🇺

    Interaction with external gravitational field is introduced into a nonlocal quark model using the equivalence principle. This allows to define the energy-momentum tensor in flat space and evaluate its hadronic matrix element with external pions. It is found that bubble diagrams give a significant contribution to the corresponding gravitational form factors.

    hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.Lett.(2026)·3 citations
17. 17*

    evortran: a modern Fortran package for genetic algorithms with applications from LHC data fitting to LISA signal reconstruction

    Thomas Biekötter🇪🇸

    evortran is a modern Fortran library designed for high-performance genetic algorithms and evolutionary optimization. evortran can be used to tackle a wide range of problems in high-energy physics and beyond, such as derivative-free parameter optimization, complex search taks, parameter scans and fitting experimental data under the presence of instrumental noise. The library is built as an fpm package with flexibility and efficiency in mind, while also offering a simple installation process, user interface and integration into existing Fortran (or Python) programs. evortran offers a variety of selection, crossover, mutation and elitism strategies, with which users can tailor an evolutionary algorithm to their specific needs. evortran supports different abstraction levels: from operating directly on individuals and populations, to running full evolutionary cycles, and even enabling migration between independently evolving populations to enhance convergence and maintain diversity. In this paper, we present the functionality of the evortran library, demonstrate its capabilities with example benchmark applications, and compare its performance with existing genetic algorithm frameworks. As physics-motivated applications, we use evortran to confront extended Higgs sectors with LHC data and to reconstruct gravitational wave spectra and the underlying physical parameters from LISA mock data, demonstrating its effectiveness in realistic, data-driven scenarios.

    hep-phcs.NEphysics.comp-phSciPost Phys.Codeb.(2026)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Impact of flavour coupling on $SO(10)$-inspired leptogenesis

    Pasquale Di Bari🇬🇧 · Xubin Hu🇨🇳

    We discuss the impact of flavour coupling on the predictions of low energy neutrino parameters from $SO(10)$-inspired leptogenesis (SO10INLEP). The right-handed (RH) neutrino mass spectrum is strongly hierarchical and successful leptogenesis relies on generating the asymmetry from next-to-lightest RH neutrino decays ($N_2$-leptogenesis) and circumventing the lightest RH neutrino washout. These two conditions yield distinctive predictions such as a lower bound on the lightest neutrino mass $m_1\gtrsim 1\mathrm{meV}$. We first review the status of SO10INLEP, noticing how cosmological observations are now testing a particular neutrino mass window, $m_1\simeq (10$--$30)\mathrm{meV}$, where only the first octant is allowed and a large range of values for the Dirac phase is excluded. Including flavour coupling, we find that the lower bound relaxes to $m_1\gtrsim 0.65\mathrm{meV}$. Moreover, new muon-dominated solutions appear slightly relaxing the upper bound on the atmospheric mixing angle. We also study the impact on strong thermal SO10INLEP (ST-SO10INLEP) scenario where, in addition to successful leptogenesis, one can washout a large pre-existing asymmetry. Contrarily to naive expectations, for which flavour coupling could jeopardise the scenario, allowing a large pre-existing asymmetry to survive unconditionally, we show, and explain analytically, that ST-SO10INLEP is still viable within almost the same allowed region of parameters. There is even a slight relaxation of the $m_1$ viable window from (9--30)meV to (4--40)meV for a $10^{-3}$ pre-existing asymmetry. The new results from atmospheric neutrinos, mildly favouring normal ordering and first octant, are now in nice agreement with the predictions of ST-SO10INLEP. Intriguingly, the predicted $0\nu \beta \beta$ signal is starting to be within the reach of KamLAND-Zen.

    hep-phJCAP(2026)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Discontinuity calculus and applications to two-body coupled-channel scattering

    Hao-Jie Jing🇨🇳 · Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳

    We present a novel method, termed discontinuity calculus, for computing discontinuities of complex functions. This framework enables a systematic investigation of both analytic continuation and the topological structure of Riemann surfaces. We apply this calculus to analyze the analytic continuation of partial-wave amplitudes in two-body coupled-channel scattering problems and discuss their uniformization of the corresponding Riemann surfaces. This methodology offers new perspectives and tools for analyzing coupled-channel scattering problems in quantum scattering theory.

    hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MPFront.Phys.(Beijing)(2026)·4 citations
20. 20*

    Can Orbital Decay of Accreting Binary Pulsars Probe Dark Matter?

    Arvind Kumar Mishra🇨🇳

    The merger of binary pulsars in dark matter (DM)-rich environments can result in DM particle accretion, leading to an increase in the individual pulsar masses. In this work, we investigate the effects of DM accretion on the change in orbital period rate of binary pulsars. Our analysis reveals that while DM accretion increases the system's mass, it may also modify the orbital evolution by enhancing the orbital decay rate. By comparing our results with existing binary pulsar data near Earth's location, we report that the current DM accretion rate is insufficient to place meaningful constraints on DM particle properties. However, we demonstrate that future observations of pulsar mergers in the high DM-density environment of the galactic center could offer a unique opportunity to probe DM microphysics through this mechanism.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE2 citations
21. 21*

    Constraining new physics effective interactions via a global fit of electroweak, Drell-Yan, Higgs, top, and flavour observables

    J. de Blas🇪🇸 · A. Goncalves🇺🇸 · V. Miralles🇬🇧 · L. Reina🇺🇸 · L. Silvestrini🇮🇹 · M. Valli🇮🇹

    We present results from a global fit of Standard Model parameters and dimension-6 SMEFT Wilson coefficients that includes electroweak, Drell-Yan, Higgs-boson, top-quark, and flavour observables. Fits obtained by floating individual coefficients are also discussed. The leading-order scale dependence of the SMEFT Wilson coefficients is consistently included in the evolution from the UV scale to the electroweak scale and the low-energy scale of flavour observables. In defining the SMEFT set of active operators we consider both the $U(3{)}^5$ and the $U(2{)}^5$ flavour symmetric limits. All fits are obtained within the $\text{HEPfit}$ framework and are based on the most recent experimental results and state-of-the-art theoretical predictions for all the observables considered.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·42 citations
22. 22*

    Dilepton angular distributions in the color-dipole $S$-matrix framework

    Yan B. Bandeira🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · Wolfgang Schäfer🇵🇱

    The dilepton production at forward rapidities in hadronic collisions at the LHC energies is considered and the helicity density matrix elements of gauge bosons that enter the Drell--Yan angular coefficients associated with the gauge boson decay ($G={\gamma }^{\ast },Z^0,W$) are derived using the color-dipole $S$ - matrix framework. We show results for $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV for the nonvanishing helicity density matrix elements in the rapidity range of $2.0\le y\le 4.0$ of the gauge boson. We consider different models for the proton unintegrated gluon distributions, among others a solution of the Balitsky--Kovchegov equation. We compare the associated predictions with those obtained disregarding the non-linear term in the evolution equation. In addition, the Lam--Tung relation is discussed.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·2 citations
23. 23*

    Resonant Landau-Zener Conversion In Multi-Axion Systems

    David I. Dunsky🇺🇸 · Claudio Andrea Manzari🇺🇸 · Pablo Quílez🇺🇸 · Maria Ramos🇨🇭 · Philip Sørensen🇮🇹

    Multiple axions may emerge in the low-energy effective theory of Nature. Generically, the potentials describing these axion fields are non-diagonal, leading to mass mixing between axion states which can be temperature-dependent due to QCD instanton effects. As the temperature of the Universe drops, level crossing can occur, causing resonant conversion between axion states. In this work, we present an analytic study of the cosmological evolution of multi-axion systems including adiabatic and non-adiabatic resonant conversion from one axion state into another during the misalignment process. We show how the Landau-Zener formalism accurately captures the non-adiabatic resonant conversion, permitting an analytic description of the relic abundances of each axion field for nearly any arbitrary two-state axion mass matrix. As an application, we study the mixing of a QCD axion with an axion-like-particle for specific potentials to identify the predictions for haloscope experiments. We conclude that the detection of an axion off the expected QCD mass-coupling line predicts other haloscope targets if it mixes with the QCD axion.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2026)·15 citations
24. 24*

    High-Dimensional Unfolding in Large Backgrounds

    Alexandre Falcão🇳🇴 · Adam Takacs🇩🇪

    We propose new methodologies in multi-dimensional unfolding in dense environments, and show that incorporating auxiliary observables can significantly improve performance. Our approach builds on the ML-based OmniFold algorithm, which we extend to account for background, detector acceptance, efficiency, and uncertainties, enabling its application in high-luminosity and heavy-ion collision settings. We derive this algorithm and demonstrate its mathematical and numerical equivalence to expectation-maximization and Iterative Bayesian Unfolding (IBU). We illustrate our method with a realistic jet substructure analysis incorporating both large background and detector simulation. Our analysis includes up to 18 observables, leading to significantly improved performance in the unfolding. We propose a method that integrates calibration and unfolding into a single, consistent framework, and demonstrate enhanced performance relative to traditional methods. These developments lay the groundwork for robust, high-dimensional, ML-based unfolding and calibration in complex collider environments across a wide range of analyses.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2026)·7 citations
25. 25*

    Positivity bounds in scalar-QED EFT at one-loop level

    Yunxiao Ye🇨🇳 · Xiao Cao🇨🇳 · Yu-Hang Wu🇨🇳 · Jiayin Gu🇨🇳

    Understanding the implication of positivity bounds on loop-generated dim-8 operator coefficients is a nontrivial task, as these bounds only strictly hold when all the contributions are included in the dispersion relation up to a certain loop order in the UV theory. As a step towards more realistic gauge theories such as the Standard Model, in this paper we study the positivity bounds in the Scalar QED Effective Field Theory (EFT) from the scalar-photon scattering ($\gamma \varphi \to \gamma \varphi$) and the photon-photon scattering ($\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$), derived from the dispersion relation of the full one-loop EFT amplitudes. Assuming the UV theory is weakly coupled and all heavy particles have spin $\le 1$, the leading dim-8 interaction for both amplitudes are generated at the one-loop level in the UV theory. Gauge invariance imposes strong constraints on the loop structures, while potential IR divergences also require careful treatments. Our findings reveal that, for $\gamma \varphi \to \gamma \varphi$, while the tree-level bound does not necessarily hold, the one-loop $\beta$-function of the corresponding coefficient always tends to restore the tree-level bound in the IR, unless its actual loop order in the UV theory is further suppressed. For $\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$, on the other hand, the tree-level positivity bound is still robust at the one-loop level in the UV theory. These findings are verified in two example UV models with a heavy scalar extension. Importantly, the bounds on the $\beta$-functions that we obtain should be considered as an accidental feature at one loop, rather than a fundamental property of the theory.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·12 citations
26. 26*

    The Potential Impact of Primordial Black Holes on Exoplanet Systems

    Garett Brown · Linda He🇨🇳 · James Unwin🇺🇸

    The orbits of planetary systems can be deformed from their initial configurations due to close encounters with larger astrophysical bodies. Typical candidates for close encounters are stars and binaries. We explore the prospect that if there is a sizeable population of primordial black holes (PBH) in our galaxy, then these may also impact the orbits of exoplanets. Specifically, in a simplified setting, we study numerically how many planetary systems might have a close encounter with a PBH, and analyze the potential changes to the orbital parameters of systems that undergo PBH flybys.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phOpen J.Astrophys.·2 citations
27. 27*

    Generation structures and Yukawa couplings in magnetized $T^{2g}/{\mathbb{Z}}_N$ models

    Tim Jeric🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Shohei Takada🇯🇵

    We study fermion zero-mode wave functions with various chiralities in magnetized $T^{2g}$, $(g=2,3)$ torus. First, we consider the wave functions satisfying the Dirac equation and the boundary conditions on the magnetized torus. Second, we introduce the $SO(3)$ (or parity) transformations and derive the wave functions under the modular transformation. Additionally, we calculate the Yukawa couplings with consideration for the chirality. Lastly, we briefly review how to construct $T^4/{\mathbb{Z}}_N$ ($N=2,3,4,6$) and $T^6/{\mathbb{Z}}_{12}$ twisted orbifold. Also, we explicitly analyze the number of the wave functions in ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ sectors.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
28. 28*

    Neural Unfolding of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Shuang Guo🇨🇳 · Lingxiao Wang🇯🇵 · Kai Zhou🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Ma🇨🇳

    The search for the chiral magnetic effect (CME) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs) is challenged by significant background contamination. We present a novel deep learning approach based on a U-Net architecture to time-reversely unfold the dynamics of CME-related charge separation, enabling the reconstruction of the physics signal across the entire evolution of HICs. Trained on the events simulated by a multi-phase transport model with different cases of CME settings, our model learns to recover the charge separation based on final-state transverse momentum distributions at either the quark-gloun plasma freeze-out or hadronic freeze-out. This devises a methodological tool for the study of CME and underscores the promise of deep learning approaches in retrieving physics signals in HICs.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exChin.Phys.Lett.(2025)·4 citations
29. 29*

    Revisiting ${\eta }^{\prime }(958)$ nuclear states

    E. Friedman🇮🇱 · A. Gal🇮🇱

    Observing ${\eta }^{\prime }$-nuclear quasibound states requires that the ${\eta }^{\prime }$-nuclear potential is both sufficiently attractive and weakly absorptive, as confirmed by the CBELSA/TAPS collaboration analysis of inclusive ${\eta }^{\prime }$ production experiments on nuclear targets, including liquid hydrogen (LH${}_2$). Here we present an alternative derivation of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$-nuclear potential, constrained by near-threshold $pp\to pp{\eta }^{\prime }$ and $\gamma p\to {\eta }^{\prime }p$ production experiments on a free proton. The resulting ${\eta }^{\prime }$-nuclear potential is weakly attractive and strongly absorptive, to the extent that observation of clear signals of ${\eta }^{\prime }$-nuclear quasibound states is unlikely. Possible exceptions resulting from the dynamics of the nearby $I=\frac{1}{2}$ $J=(\frac{1}{2}{)}^{-}$ nucleon resonance $N^{\ast }$(1895) are briefly discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPLB(2025)·3 citations
30. 30*

    Glauber predictions for oxygen and neon collisions at energies available at the LHC

    Constantin Loizides🇨🇭

    The Glauber model is a widely used framework for describing the initial conditions in high-energy nuclear collisions. TGlauberMC is a Monte Carlo implementation of this model that enables detailed, event-by-event calculations across various collision systems. In this work, I present an updated version of TGlauberMC (3.3), which incorporates recent theoretical developments and improved parameterizations, especially relevant for small collision systems. I focus on the oxygen-oxygen (OO), neon-neon (NeNe), and proton-oxygen (pO) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in July 2025, where precise modelling of nuclear geometry and fluctuations is essential. The updated version includes revised nuclear density profiles and an enhanced treatment of nucleon substructure. Geometrical cross sections for all relevant collision systems are calculated and initial-state observables are explored to provide predictions for particle production trends at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{nn}}}$=5.36 TeV. In particular, a prediction for the centrality dependence of mid-rapidity multiplicity in OO and NeNe collisions is obtained. The updated code is publicly available to support the heavy-ion community with a robust and flexible tool for studying strongly interacting matter in small and intermediate-sized nuclear systems.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2026)·38 citations
31. 31*

    Progress of the GRANDProto300 Project

    Pengxiong Ma🇨🇳 · Yi Zhang🇨🇳 · Xing Xu🇨🇳 · Bohao Duan🇨🇳 · Shen Wang🇨🇳 · Kewen Zhang🇨🇳 · Pengfei Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin Xu (for the GRAND Collaboration)🇨🇳

    GRANDProto300 (hereafter referred to as GP300) is a pioneering prototype array of the GRAND experiment. It consists of 300 radio antennas and will cover an area of 200 km${}^2$ in a radio-quiet region of western China. Serving as a test bench for the GRAND experiment, GRANDProto300 aims to achieve autonomous radio detection and reconstruction of highly inclined air showers. It is designed to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the energy range of $10^{16.5}$-$10^{18}$ eV at a rate comparable to that of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Over the past two years, significant improvements have been made to both the hardware and firmware of GP300. Currently, 65 antenna units have been deployed at the site by June 2025. We present the current status of detector commissioning, including updates on hardware, calibration results such as GPS timing and antenna positioning. Additionally, we discuss the solar radio bursts associated with solar flares, the galactic radio emissions detected, and preliminary cosmic ray surveys.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-phPoS(2025)·11 citations
32. 32*

    The setting sun diagram with complex external momenta

    David Dudal🇧🇪 · Duifje Maria van Egmond🇧🇷 · Gastao Krein🇧🇷

    We revisit the issue of analytically continuing Feynman integrals from Euclidean to Minkowski signature, allowing for generic complex momenta. Although this is well-known in terms of the Källén-Lehmann representation, we consider potential alternative takes on the same problem and discuss how these are not necessarily equivalent to the Källén-Lehmann integral outcome. We present our analysis for a simple enough case -- the setting sun diagram in $d=2$ with a real mass -- but already with an eye out to the more general case with complex masses which will further complicate matters.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phAnnals Phys.(2026)·0 citations
33. 33*

    Investigating the imprint of quintessence in cosmic magnification

    Enas Mohamed (BIUST)🇧🇼 · Didam Duniya (BIUST)🇧🇼 · Hassan Abdalla (UCM, NWU and Omdurman)🇪🇸 · Bishop Mongwane (Cape Town)🇿🇦

    We study cosmic magnification beyond lensing in a late-time universe dominated by quintessence and cold dark matter. The cosmic magnification angular power spectrum, especially going beyond the well-known lensing effect, provides an independent avenue for investigating the properties of quintessence, and hence, dark energy. By analysing the magnification power spectrum at different redshifts, it is possible to extract new information about the large-scale imprint of dark energy, including whether we are able to disentangle different models from one another. Using three well-known quintessence models, we analyse the cosmic magnification angular power spectrum while taking relativistic corrections into account. We found that it will be difficult to distinguish between quintessence models, and quintessence from the cosmological constant, in lensing magnification angular power spectrum on large scales, at redshifts $z\le 1$; whereas, when relativistic corrections are incorporated, the total magnification angular power spectrum holds the potential to distinguish between the models, at the given $z$. At $z\ge 3$, the lensing magnification angular power spectrum can be a reasonable approximation of the total magnification angular power spectrum. We also found that both the total relativistic and the Doppler magnification signals, respectively, surpass cosmic variance at $z\le 0.5$: hence the effect may be detectable at the given $z$. On the other hand, the ISW and the time-delay magnification signals, respectively, are surpassed by cosmic variance on all scales, at epochs up to $z=4.5$, with the gravitational-potential magnification signal being zero.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.