Wed·Jun 18, 2025Wednesday·June 18, 2025

1. 01*

   Deep-Inelastic Scattering at TeV Energies with LHC Muons

   Reinaldo Francener🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · Felix Kling🇩🇪 · Peter Krack🇳🇱 · Juan Rojo🇳🇱

   The LHC far-forward experiments FASER and SND@LHC have pioneered the detection of TeV-energy neutrinos produced in hard-scattering proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In addition to neutrinos, an intense flux of TeV-energy muons reaches these detectors, representing a dominant background for both neutrino studies and beyond the Standard Model searches. Here we demonstrate that this forward muon flux enables a comprehensive neutral-current deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) program at FASER with a strong kinematical overlap with the Electron Ion Collider. For the Run 3 luminosity of ${\mathcal{L}}_{\mathrm{pp}}=250$~fb${}^{-1}$, more than $10^5$ inclusive muon DIS events, of which up to $10^4$ from charm production, are expected at FASER$\nu$. As a representative application, we demonstrate the sensitivity of muon DIS at FASER$\nu$ to probe the (intrinsic) charm content of the proton at large-$x$. We also provide predictions for event yields of muon DIS for future FASER runs and for the proposed Forward Physics Facility.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thEPJC(2025)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Enhancement of axial anomaly effects in hot two-color QCD: FRG approach in the linear sigma model

   Gergely Fejős🇭🇺 · Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵

   We investigate the thermal properties of hadrons in two-color quantum chromodynamics (QC${}_2$D) using the functional renormalization group (FRG) method, with particular focus on modifications of the $U(1)$ axial anomaly effects. The hadrons are described by a linear sigma model (LSM) based on the Pauli-Gürsey $SU(4)$ symmetry, which incorporates both low-lying $0^{\pm }$ mesons and diquark baryons. We find that all quartic couplings are comparably suppressed when physical values of the pion mass and decay constant are taken as inputs, for which a reasonably smooth chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature is reproduced. Consequently, mass differences among chiral partners remain small. Despite these tiny mass differences, mass degeneracies of chiral partners in the hot medium are clearly demonstrated, consistent with chiral symmetry restoration. Moreover, we find that the couplings responsible for the $U(1)$ axial anomaly are enhanced upon entering the finite temperature regime. Baryonic fluctuations also provide sizable contributions to these enhancements. Finally, the fate of the topological susceptibility in the hot QC${}_2$D medium is examined.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Dark Matter signals in solar neutrinos fluxes as probe of non-linear symmetry breaking

   A. Carrillo-Monteverde🇲🇽 · L. López-Lozano🇲🇽

   Dark matter (DM) particles gravitationally captured by the Sun can accumulate in its core and subsequently annihilate, producing neutrino fluxes that may be detectable on Earth. The intensity of these fluxes is highly sensitive to the properties of the underlying DM model, especially when the DM candidate is a scalar particle originating from spontaneous or non-linear symmetry breaking mechanisms. In this work, we explore the potential of solar neutrino fluxes to distinguish between the Standard Model extended by a scalar singlet and the non-linear Higgs portal scenarios in the context of a future DM discovery. We compute the expected neutrino fluxes within the regions of parameter space consistent with both relic density and current direct detection limits. Our results show that the non-linear model predicts neutrino fluxes that are systematically larger than those of the linear case, typically by at least one order of magnitude, and up to six orders of magnitude for DM masses around 1 TeV. These findings suggest that solar neutrino observations could provide a valuable probe to discriminate between these competing dark matter frameworks.

   hep-phastro-ph.HE0 citations
4. 04*

   Identification of $D_2^{\ast }(3000)$ as the $D_2^{\ast }(2^3{P}_2)$ and exploring potential of undiscovered $2^{+}$ mesons via $B$ decays

   Shi-Hang Zhang🇨🇳 · Wen-Yuan Ke🇨🇳 · Su-Yan Pei🇨🇳 · Wei Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ze Tan🇨🇳 · Lili Zhu🇨🇳 · Guo-Li Wang🇨🇳

   Following the discovery of the $D_2^{\ast }(3000)$, its mass and full width have been extensively studied. Yet its nature remains undetermined to date. Since it was discovered through nonleptonic decay of $B$ meson and the corresponding cascade process, we therefore in this paper investigate the nonleptonic and semileptonic decays of $B$ meson to $J^P=2^{+}$ charmed mesons using the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. Our calculations on nonleptonic $B$ decays reveal that the unconfirmed resonance $D_2^{\ast }(3000)$ aligns well with $D_2^{\ast }(2^3{P}_2)$ predictions. Other candidates, including $D_2^{\ast }(1^3{F}_2)$, $D_2^{\ast }(3^3{P}_2)$, and $D_2^{\ast }(2^3{F}_2)$, are excluded due to their very small branching ratios in $B$ decays. Considering that the $D_2^{\ast }(1F)$, $D_2^{\ast }(3P)$, and $D_2^{\ast }(2F)$ have not yet been experimentally observed, we investigate the feasibility of their detection in $B$-meson decays.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Hemisphere mass up to four-loops with generalised $k_t$ algorithms

   K. Khelifa-Kerfa🇩🇿 · M. Benghanem🇸🇦

   We compute the fixed-order distribution of the non-global hemisphere mass observable in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation up to four loops for various sequential recombination jet algorithms. In particular, we focus on the $k_t$ and Cambridge/Aachen algorithms. Using eikonal theory and strong-energy ordering of the final-state partons, we determine the complete structure of both abelian (clustering) and non-abelian non-global logarithms through four loops in perturbation theory. We compare the resulting resummed expressions for both jet algorithms with the standard Sudakov form factor and demonstrate that neglecting these logarithms leads to unreliable phenomenological predictions for the observable's distribution.

   hep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Study of the beyond standard model interaction using Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process

   S. P. Behera🇮🇳 · S. Panda🇮🇳 · D. K. Mishra🇮🇳

   We have conducted an extensive study that highlights the potential of the Indian Coherent Neutrino-nucleus Scattering Experiment (ICNSE) detector in constraining neutrino-quark interactions that go beyond the standard model. By utilizing reactors with varied core configurations and power outputs as sources for electron antineutrinos, and operating with a target mass of 10 kg over a year, our findings reveal that the ICNSE detector is remarkably effective in narrowing down the vast majority of the Non-standard Interaction (NSI) parameter space. Moreover, incorporating results from two distinct detectors, like sapphire and high-purity germanium, markedly enhances sensitivity by reducing the degeneracies between some pairs of NSI parameters to a smaller region.This research highlights its role in enabling future developments and investigations.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2026)·0 citations
7. 07*

   MATRIX HAWAII: PineAPPL interpolation grids with MATRIX

   S. Devoto🇧🇪 · T. Jezo🇩🇪 · S. Kallweit🇨🇭 · C. Schwan🇩🇪

   We present an interface between PineAPPL and Matrix, which allows fully differential cross sections to be calculated in the form of interpolation grids, accurate at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD and next-to-leading order in electroweak (EW) theory. This interface is the first publicly available tool to calculate interpolation grids at NNLO QCD accuracy for a wide set of processes. Interpolation grids provide the functionality to compute predictions for arbitrary parton distribution functions (PDFs) as well as PDF uncertainties without the need to repeat the actual calculation. Another important application of the these grids is to perform global analyses of PDFs using exact NNLO calculations instead of $K$-factors, which have several drawbacks. This exact treatment of NNLO corrections is also an important prerequisite for fitting PDFs at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order level with reliable uncertainties. The new version of the Matrix code interfaced to PineAPPL, as well as the grids produced for this publication, are available on the Matrix website and on PloughShare, respectively.

   hep-phEPJC(2026)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Scalar Triple-Heavy Tetraquark States With Quark Content $cc\bar{c}\bar{s}$

   Yong-Jiang Xu🇨🇳 · Luo-Geng Tian🇨🇳 · Yuan Li🇨🇳 · Jin-Yun Wu🇨🇳 · Yong-Lu Liu🇨🇳 · Ming-Qiu Huang🇨🇳

   In this paper, we study the scalar triple-heavy tetraquark states with quark content $cc\bar{c}\bar{s}$, ${\eta }_c{D}_s$ molecular state and $[cc{]}_{A(T)}[\bar{c}\bar{s}{]}_{A(T)}$ compact tetraquark states, by the QCD sum rule method. First, we construct the needed interpolating currents, $J^M(x)$, $J^{T_1}(x)$, and $J^{T_2}(x)$. Then, we derive the sum rules for the masses and the current coupling constants. Finally, we numerically analyze these sum rules, and find $m_M=4.9392_{-0.0817}^{+0.0851}\text{mbox}GeV$, and ${\lambda }_M=2.8857_{-0.4928}^{+0.5729}\times 10^{-2}\text{mbox}{GeV}^5$ for the mass and the current coupling constant of the ${\eta }_c{D}_s$ molecular state, $m_{T_1}=5.0774_{-0.0641}^{+0.0708}\text{mbox}GeV$, and ${\lambda }_{T_1}=1.0436_{-0.1573}^{+0.1862}\times 10^{-1}\text{mbox}{GeV}^5$ for the mass and the current coupling constant of the $[cc{]}_A[\bar{c}\bar{s}{]}_A$ compact tetraquark state, $m_{T_2}=5.0679_{-0.0721}^{+0.0839}\text{mbox}GeV$, and ${\lambda }_{T_2}=2.0316_{-0.3119}^{+0.4119}\times 10^{-1}\text{mbox}{GeV}^5$ for the mass and the current coupling constant of the $[cc{]}_T[\bar{c}\bar{s}{]}_T$ compact tetraquark state.

   hep-ph3 citations
9. 09*

   Toponia at the HL-LHC and FCC-ee

   Yang Bai🇺🇸 · Ting-Kuo Chen🇺🇸 · Yiming Yang🇺🇸

   The hint of a pseudoscalar toponium state at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) opens a new avenue for studying a novel class of QCD (quasi-)bound states with comparable formation and decay times. Compared with charmonium and bottomonium, toponium is a quasi-bound state, resembling a hydrogen atom of the strong interaction, although it appears as a broader resonance. We compute the masses and annihilation decay widths of the lowest $S$-wave (${\eta }_t$, ${\psi }_t$) and $P$-wave (${\chi }_{t0}$, ${\chi }_{t1}$) toponium states, and assess their discovery prospects at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and future lepton colliders, such as the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ stage of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). Detecting the vector ${\psi }_t$ state at the HL-LHC is hindered by the Landau-Yang theorem and the gluon-dominated production environment of the collider, whereas lepton colliders offer promising sensitivity through both constituent and two-body decays. A more precise measurement of the ${\eta }_t$ mass, approximately equal to that of ${\psi }_t$, at the LHC could help determine the optimal $t\bar{t}$ threshold center-of-mass energy for FCC-ee. The $P$-wave states remain challenging to observe at both the HL-LHC and future lepton colliders. We also discuss how toponium measurements can be used to probe top-quark properties and to conduct indirect searches for new physics, including light scalars that couple to the top quark.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2026)·18 citations
10. 10*

    The QCD scalar susceptibility and thermal scalar resonances in chiral symmetry restoration

    Angel Gómez Nicola🇪🇸 · Andrea Vioque-Rodríguez🇪🇸

    Building upon recent results on the role of thermal resonances in chiral symmetry restoration, we show that a description of the QCD scalar susceptibility at finite temperature $T$ saturated by the thermal properties of the lightest scalar resonance, the $f_0(500)$, is compatible both with lattice QCD data at nonzero $T$ and with the $T=0$ light resonance properties coming from experimental data. The thermal $f_0(500)$ is generated within the framework of Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory. This method allows us to achieve a good description of lattice QCD results with a reliable pion mass dependence. In particular, we perform direct fits to the chiral susceptibility measured in lattice data at different pion masses and temperatures, obtaining a remarkable agreement for the susceptibility and for mass differences of the light quark condensate. In addition, the fitted low-energy constants are compatible with $T=0$ phenomenology. Our results confirm the role of unitarized approaches and thermal resonances in the dynamics of the QCD transition.

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.ST(2026)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Inflation in the Scale Symmetric Standard Model and Weyl geometry

    Z. Lalak🇵🇱 · P. Michalak🇵🇱

    This work explores the possibility of inflation in a scale-symmetric extension of the Standard Model Higgs sector, where the Higgs field ${\varphi }_1$ is coupled to a singlet scalar, the dilaton ${\varphi }_0$. The two-scalar theory is formulated within Weyl geometry, which modifies the Einstein frame form of the resulting single-field inflationary potential. We extend the analysis to include quantum corrections, incorporating curvature effects in the one-loop effective potential. We find that the resulting spectral index $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r_{0.002}$ can be consistent with the Planck 2018 observational constraints. The predicted value $r_{0.002}\lesssim 10^{-6}$ remains too small to yield a detectable gravitational wave signal. In the regime with a strong hierarchy between the non-minimal couplings, ${\xi }_1\ll {\xi }_0$, the unitarity cutoff in the large-field background, ${\Lambda }_{UV}\sim M_P/\sqrt{{\xi }_1}$, lies below the energy scales relevant during inflation.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Axion-like particle limits from multi-messenger sources

    Ariane Dekker🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Dimitrios Kantzas🇫🇷

    High-energy neutrino observation from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 offers new insights into the non-thermal processes of active galactic nuclei. Simultaneous gamma-rays emitted by such sources can possibly oscillate into axion-like particles (ALPs) when propagating through astrophysical magnetic fields, potentially modifying the observed spectrum. To probe for ALP-induced signals, a robust understanding of the emission processes at the source is necessary. In this work, we perform a dedicated multi-messenger analysis by modeling a jet in the innermost vicinity of the central supermassive black hole of NGC 1068. We model in particular the neutrino and gamma-ray emission originating in lepto-hadronic collisions between jet accelerated particles and background particles from the corona, reproducing both the Fermi-LAT and IceCube data. These source models serve as a baseline for ALP searches, and we derive limits on the ALP-photon coupling by marginalizing over motivated ranges of astrophysical parameters. We find $g_{a\gamma }\lesssim 7\times 10^{-11}$GeV${}^{-1}$ for $m_a\lesssim 10^{-9}$ eV. These limits may be weaker than existing constraints, but they demonstrate the potential of multi-messenger observations to probe new physics. We conclude by discussing how additional upcoming multi-messenger sources and improved observational precision can enhance ALP sensitivity.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·5 citations
13. 13*

    An extension of the SM with vector-like quarks and hypothetical heavy bosons: model independent parametrisation at NLO order

    Chahra Rekaik🇩🇿 · Mohamed Sadek Zidi🇩🇿

    A model independent parametrization of an extension of the Standard Model including vector-like quarks, new heavy gauge bosons and an extra scalar, is introduced. Theoretical constraints on the model couplings and hypothetical particle masses are established by making use of perturbative unitarity. The consistency of the model renormalization and implementation, within the complex mass scheme for narrow widths, is verified. The production of heavy charged and neutral gauge bosons which subsequently decay to vector-like quarks at the LHC are investigated at both leading-order and next-to-leading order. The predictions of the model are obtained by using three approaches: the narrow-width-approximation, the complex mass scheme and a mix of both, where the advantages and weaknesses of each method are emphasized. This study demonstrates that, for certain configurations, off-shell effects remain significant even when the width-to-mass ratios of the unstable particles are sufficiently small, rendering the narrow-width approximation unreliable and necessitating the use of the complex mass scheme. The predictions are compared with CMS {\tt run II} data, where lower bounds on the charged heavy gauge boson mass are set as function of the free parameter normalizing their coupling to quarks.

    hep-ph1 citation
14. 14*

    Analysis of three-body charmed $B$ meson decays $B\to D(V^{\ast }\to )VP$

    Jing Ou-Yang🇨🇳 · Run-Hui Li🇨🇳 · Si-Hong Zhou🇨🇳

    We systematically analyze the decays $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}(V^{\ast }\to )VP$, where $V^{\ast }$ represents a vector resonance ($\rho ,\omega$ or $K^{\ast }$), and $VP$ denotes the final-state meson pairs $\omega \pi$, $\rho \pi$ and $\rho K$. The intermediate subprocesses $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}{V}^{\ast }$ are calculated in the factorization-assisted topological-amplitude approach, while the intermediate resonant states $V^{\ast }$ are modeled using a relativistic Breit-Wigner distribution, subsequently decaying into $VP$ through strong interactions. We predict the off-shell effects of the ground-state resonances ($\rho ,\omega ,K^{\ast }$) in $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}(V^{\ast }\to )VP$. Our results show that the virtual contributions from $\rho \to \omega \pi$, $\omega \to \rho \pi$, and $K^{\ast }\to \rho K$ are crucial for these three-body decays, $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}VP$. In particular, the branching fractions arising from the $\rho$ and $\omega$ virtual effects can be comparable to the total decay rates of $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}\omega \pi$ and $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}\rho \pi$, respectively. Decays with branching fractions of order $10^{-6}-10^{-4}$ are expected to be measurable at Belle II and LHCb. Compared with previous perturbative QCD predictions for $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}(\rho \to )\omega \pi$, our results are consistent but exhibit higher precision.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
15. 15*

    Primordial Black Holes are 5D

    Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Alek Bedroya🇺🇸 · Dieter Lüst🇩🇪

    We revisit well-established mechanisms for primordial black hole (PBH) production, namely inflation, phase transitions, and cosmic strings, in the context of the Dark Dimension Scenario, which is motivated by Swampland principles. Applying quantum gravity constraints, we demonstrate that any viable mechanism, barring exotic new physics at low energies, inevitably leads to the formation of five-dimensional PBHs. We further show that PBHs formed from cosmic strings can have lifetimes comparable to the age of the universe. We comment on the observational implications of this result, including a potential connection to the recent detection of a high-energy neutrino by KM3NeT, whose energy is intriguingly close to the five-dimensional Planck scale in the Dark Dimension Scenario.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th10 citations
16. 16*

    $B\to K+\text{axion-like particles}$: effective versus UV-complete models and enhanced two-loop contributions

    Xiyuan Gao🇩🇪 · Ulrich Nierste🇩🇪

    An axion-like particle $a$ (ALP) can explain the excess of $B\to K+\text{invisible}$ events at Belle-II. However, many analyses of ALP scenarios are over-simplified. We revisit the $B\to Ka$ transition rate in a popular minimal and UV complete model with two Higgs doublets (2HDM) and a complex singlet (DFSZ model). To this end we compare our results with previous studies which derived the $\overline{b}sa$ vertex from the $\overline{b}sA$ vertex, where $A$ is the heavy pseudo-scalar of the 2HDM, in terms of an $a-A$ mixing angle. We find this approach to work only at the leading one-loop order, while it fails at the two-loop level. Furthermore, while an approximate $Z_2$ symmetry suppresses the leading-order amplitude by a factor of $1/\tan \beta$, which is the ratio of the two vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets, we find the two-loop contribution unsuppressed and phenomenologically relevant for $\tan \beta \gtrsim 5$. We determine the allowed parameter space and underline the importance of better searches for ${\rm Y}\to \gamma +$invisible and for a possible excess in $B\to K{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$. We further study the low-energy axion effective theory which leads to a divergent and basis-dependent amplitude. As a conceptual result, we clarify the ambiguities and identify which low-energy framework is consistent with the DFSZ model.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·8 citations
17. 17*

    Vacuum Instability and False Vacuum Decay Induced by Domain Walls in the N2HDM

    Mohamed Younes Sassi🇩🇪 · Gudrid Moortgat-Pick🇩🇪

    The Next-to-Two-Higgs-Doublet model (N2HDM) has a rich vacuum structure where multiple electroweak (EW) breaking minima, as well as CP and electric-charge breaking minima, can coexist. These minima can be deeper than the electroweak vacuum $v_{ew}\approx 246\text{ GeV}$ of our universe, making our vacuum metastable. In such a case, one needs to calculate the tunneling rate from the EW vacuum to the deeper minimum. If the lifetime of the EW vacuum is longer than the universe's age, our vacuum is deemed long-lived, and the parameter point is, in principle, allowed. If the decay rate is smaller than the universe's age, then our vacuum is unstable and the parameter point is ruled out. However, domain walls (DW) in the N2HDM can substantially alter this picture. We show in this work that inside the DW, the barrier between our electroweak minimum and the deeper minimum can disappear, leading the scalar fields to classically roll over to the deeper minimum that nucleates inside the DW and then expands outside of it everywhere in the universe. We show that such behavior can happen to parameter points where the lifetime of our minimum is even several orders of magnitude larger than the age of the universe. Such parameter points with a metastable EW minimum are ruled out.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Monophotons at Neutrino Experiments from Neutrino Polarizability

    Julia Gehrlein🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Anil Thapa🇺🇸

    Nontrivial electromagnetic properties of neutrinos are an avenue to physics beyond the Standard Model. To this end, we investigate the power of monophoton signals at neutrino experiments to probe a higher-dimensional operator connecting neutrinos to SM photons dubbed, neutrino polarizability. A simplified scenario giving rise to this operator involves a new pseudo-scalar that couples to both neutrinos and photons, with clear implications for axion-like particle (ALP) and Majoron physics. By analyzing the photon energy spectrum and angular distributions, we find that NOMAD and MiniBooNE currently set the most stringent limits, while SBND and the DUNE near detector will soon provide significantly improved constraints.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Particle spectra in the integrated hydrokinetic model at RHIC Beam-Energy-Scan energies

    Narendra Rathod🇵🇱 · Yuri Sinyukov🇵🇱 · Musfer Adzhymambetov🇺🇦 · Hanna Zbroszczyk🇵🇱

    We study light-hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7-39$ GeV using an extended Integrated HydroKinetic Model (iHKMe). Focusing on transverse momentum spectra, we investigate the sensitivity to key model parameters, particularly the thermalization timescale. We consider two distinct equations of state: one featuring a crossover and the other a first-order phase transition. In both cases, thermalization begins shortly before full nuclear overlap and lasts approximately 1~fm/$c$ across all energies. Both equations of state provide a similarly good description of the soft particle momentum spectra once the other parameters are slightly adjusted. The most pronounced differences arise at the lower RHIC BES energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$~GeV, particularly in proton and kaon yields, reflecting their sensitivity to the freeze-out parameters.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2026)·3 citations
20. 20*

    Hawking Radiation Signatures from Primordial Black Holes Transiting the Inner Solar System: Prospects for Detection

    Alexandra P. Klipfel🇺🇸 · Peter Fisher🇺🇸 · David I. Kaiser🇺🇸

    Primordial black holes (PBHs) arise from the collapse of density perturbations in the early universe and serve as a dark matter (DM) candidate and a probe of fundamental physics. There remains an unconstrained ``asteroid-mass'' window where PBHs of masses $10^{17}\mathrm{g}\lesssim M\lesssim 10^{23}\mathrm{g}$ could comprise up to $100\%$ of the dark matter. Current $e^{\pm }$ Hawking radiation constraints on the DM fraction of PBHs are set by comparing observed spatial- and time-integrated cosmic ray flux measurements with predicted Hawking emission fluxes from the galactic DM halo. These constraints depend on cosmic ray production and propagation models, the galactic DM density distribution, and the PBH mass function. We propose to mitigate these model dependencies by developing a new local, time-dependent Hawking radiation signature to detect low-mass PBHs transiting through the inner Solar System. We calculate transit rates for PBHs that form with initial masses $M\lesssim 5\times 10^{17}\text{g}$. We then simulate time-dependent positron signals from individual PBH flybys as measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment in low-Earth orbit. We find that AMS is sensitive to PBHs with masses $M\lesssim 2\times 10^{14}\mathrm{g}$ due to its lower energy threshold of $500\mathrm{MeV}$. We demonstrate that a dataset of daily positron fluxes over the energy range $5-500\mathrm{MeV}$, with similar levels of precision to the existing AMS data, would enable detection of PBHs drawn from present-day distributions that peak within the asteroid-mass window. Our simulations yield $\mathcal{O}(1)$ detectable PBH transits per year across wide regions of parameter space, which may be used to constrain PBH mass functions. This technique could be extended to detect $\gamma$-ray and X-ray Hawking emission to probe further into the asteroid-mass window.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
21. 21*

    Enhancing photon-axion conversion probability with squeezed coherent states

    Taiki Ikeda🇯🇵 · Sugumi Kanno🇯🇵 · Jiro Soda🇯🇵

    In particle physics, axions and axion-like particles are ubiquitous. Remarkably, ultra-light axions could constitute dark matter or dark energy. Therefore, it is important to detect axions experimentally. In the presence of a magnetic field, a photon can be converted into an axion, and vice versa. Utilizing the conversion phenomenon, several methods for detecting axions have been proposed. To improve detectability, it is desirable to use quantum sensing. However, since the conversion process is usually treated as classical wave dynamics, it is unclear how to incorporate quantum effects such as entanglement. In this work, we formulate the photon-axion conversion in a quantum field theoretical manner. As a result, we succeed in evaluating the conversion probability from a photon quantum state to an axion quantum state. In particular, it turns out that squeezed coherent states can enhance the conversion probability.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·6 citations
22. 22*

    The power of SKA to Constrain cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds below the astrophysical foreground noise

    Chengjie Fu🇨🇳 · Jing Liu🇨🇳

    The inspirals of supermaissive black hole binaries provide a convinced gravitational wave background in the nHz band, serving as the fiducial model of the recent gravitational wave signal reported by the PTA experiments. The uncertainties of the number of binaries contributing to each frequency bin introduce a foreground noise in the nHz and $\mu$Hz bands against the observation of the underlying gravitational wave backgrounds of the cosmological origin. In this work, we investigate a new method to constrain the cosmological gravitational wave strength under the astrophysical foreground. The energy density fluctuations from cosmological gravitational-wave sources can generally trigger the formation of compact subhalos of dark matter, and the upcoming Square Kilometer Array has the ability to constrain the abundance of the subhalos at the $\mathcal{O}(1)$ level. The cosmological gravitational wave energy spectra from various sources are expected to be constrained several orders of magnitude below the astrophysical foreground, providing more strict constraints on the parameter spaces of corresponding new physics models.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph1 citation
23. 23*

    The AdS Perspective on the Nonlinear Tails in Black Hole Ringdown

    Alex Kehagias🇬🇷 · Antonio Riotto🇨🇭

    Black holes gradually settle into their static configuration by emitting gravitational waves, whose amplitude diminish over time according to a power-law decay at fixed spatial locations. We show that the nonlinear tails in the presence of a quadratic source, which have been recently found to potentially dominate over the linear ones, can be simply derived from the AdS${}_2$$\times$S${}^2$ spacetime perspective with their amplitudes being related to the Aretakis constants.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·13 citations
24. 24*

    Large Language Models -- the Future of Fundamental Physics?

    Caroline Heneka🇩🇪 · Florian Nieser · Ayodele Ore🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪 · Daniel Schiller🇩🇪

    For many fundamental physics applications, transformers, as the state of the art in learning complex correlations, benefit from pretraining on quasi-out-of-domain data. The obvious question is whether we can exploit Large Language Models, requiring proper out-of-domain transfer learning. We show how the Qwen2.5 LLM can be used to analyze and generate SKA data, specifically 3D maps of the cosmological large-scale structure for a large part of the observable Universe. We combine the LLM with connector networks and show, for cosmological parameter regression and lightcone generation, that this Lightcone LLM (L3M) with Qwen2.5 weights outperforms standard initialization and compares favorably with dedicated networks of matching size.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-phphysics.data-anSciPost Phys.(2026)·13 citations
25. 25*

    Dyon Loops and Abelian Instantons

    Isabel Garcia Garcia🇺🇸 · Marius Kongsore🇺🇸 · Ken Van Tilburg🇺🇸

    We construct Abelian gauge field configurations that carry non-zero instanton number. Each such "Abelian instanton" is generated by a closed magnetic worldline in four-dimensional Euclidean space, provided the Abelian gauge field has non-trivial winding along the closed worldline. The resulting field configuration corresponds to a Euclidean dyon loop featuring non-zero instanton number. We embed these dyon loops in a UV-complete theory using the Georgi-Glashow model and show that the full instanton charge is borne entirely by the unbroken $U(1)$ sector. In this same model, using a numerical relaxation procedure, we show that Euclidean dyon loops are a continuous deformation of small BPST instantons.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2026)·12 citations
26. 26*

    Micro Black Hole Dark Matter

    Manuel Ettengruber🇫🇷 · Florian Kuhnel🇩🇪

    The influence of a possible low gravity scale, concretely through the presence of extra dimensions or additional species, on radiation properties of micro black holes is investigated. In particular, the suppression of evaporation through the so-called memory-burden effect is shown to be stronger, occurs earlier and with sharper transition compared to the canonical Planck-scale regime. It is furthermore shown how this affects the possibility of light primordial black hole dark matter, constraints on which may weaken substantially and allow them to be as light as $10^{-5}{M}_{\mathrm{P}}$, thereby lying in the particle regime.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph13 citations
27. 27*

    Phase Transitions at Unusual Values of $\theta$

    Csaba Csáki🇺🇸 · Teruhiko Kawano🇯🇵 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸 · Ofri Telem🇮🇱

    We calculate the $\theta$ dependence in a cousin of QCD, where the vacuum structure can be analyzed exactly. The theory is $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(2)$ gauge theory with $N_F=0,1,2,3$ flavors of fundamentals, explicitly broken to $\mathcal{N}=1$ via an adjoint superpotential, and coupled to anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB). The hierarchy $m_{AMSB}\ll {\mu }_{\mathcal{N}=1}\ll \Lambda$ ensures the validity of our IR analysis. As expected from ordinary QCD, the vacuum energy is a function of $\theta$ which undergoes 1st order phase transitions between different vacua where the various dyons condense. For $N_F=0$ we find the expected phase transition at $\theta =\pi$, while for $N_F=1,2,3$ we find phase transitions at fractional values of $\pi$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.