Mon·Jun 2, 2025Monday·June 2, 2025

1. 01*

   Can a Dark Inferno Melt Earth's Core?

   Christopher Cappiello🇺🇸 · Tansu Daylan🇺🇸

   The search for dark matter is one of the crucial open problems in both particle physics and cosmology. If dark matter scatters with Standard Model particles, it could accumulate inside the Earth and begin to annihilate, producing heat within the Earth's core. While past work has been done on the effect that this heat would have once it reached the surface, we model the flow of heat through the Earth's core by numerically solving the heat equation to model dark matter's effect on the interior of the planet. We compute how long it takes for the core to come into thermal equilibrium and show that for a wide range of dark matter parameters, a substantial fraction of the inner core would be melted by dark matter annihilation. Our analysis produces new limits on dark matter annihilating in the Earth, points out important new effects that must be considered when studying planetary heating by dark matter, and suggests new dark matter observables that could be searched for in exoplanet populations.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPPRD(2025)·5 citations
2. 02*

   GPU Implementation of Zippel Method for Feynman Integral Reconstruction

   Alexander V. Smirnov🇷🇺 · Boris I. Rozhnov · Vadim V. Voevodin🇷🇺

   The Zippel algorithm performs a rational reconstruction of multivariate polynomials and aims specifically at the sparse case. It is applied in different fields of science, lately becoming an important step in Feynman integral reduction in elementary particle physics. In some cases with multiple variables it might become a bottleneck for the whole evaluation so that different optimizations are required. In this paper we describe how we ported the classical Zippel algorithm together with its balanced version for rational functions to graphical processor units and perform its evaluation on several GPUs.

   hep-phhep-th0 citations
3. 03*

   Implications of the evidence for direct $\mathbf{CP}$ violation in $D\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays

   Rahul Sinha🇺🇸 · Thomas E. Browder🇺🇸 · N. G. Deshpande🇺🇸 · Dibyakrupa Sahoo🇵🇱 · Nita Sinha🇮🇳

   The observation of $CP$ violation in the difference of $CP$ asymmetries between $D\to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ and $D\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ has raised a debate whether the observed asymmetries can be regarded as a signal of physics beyond the standard model (SM). In this paper we obtain all the topological amplitudes and isospin amplitudes directly from measured observables for $D\to \pi \pi$. These results unambiguously imply a very large penguin contribution, having a central value $4.74$ times the magnitude of the amplitude for $D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. This fitted central value differs from a reasonable SM estimate of $10\%$ with a significance greater than $3.3\sigma$. In contrast to previous studies, we present model-independent arguments based only on unitarity of re-scattering amplitudes to show that large penguins cannot arise from re-scattering alone and likely indicate physics beyond the SM. In a model-independent approach we show how a very small contribution from physics beyond the SM with a large weak phase alleviates the problem.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·6 citations
4. 04*

   Selection rules for charged lepton flavour violating processes from residual flavour groups

   Lorenzo Calibbi🇨🇳 · Claudia Hagedorn🇪🇸 · Michael A. Schmidt🇦🇺 · James Vandeleur🇦🇺

   We systematically investigate the possible phenomenological impact of residual flavour groups in the charged lepton sector. We consider all possible flavour charge assignments for abelian residual symmetries up to Z8. The allowed flavour structures of operators in Standard Model Effective Field Theory (up to dimension six) lead to distinctive and observable patterns of charged lepton flavour violating processes. We illustrate the relevance of such selection rules displaying the current bounds on and the future sensitivities to the new physics scale. These results demonstrate, in particular, the importance and discriminating power of searches for lepton flavour violating tau lepton decays and muonium to antimuonium conversion.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·7 citations
5. 05*

   QCD sum rule study on excited light meson operators

   Wei-Han Tan🇨🇳 · Wen-Ying Liu🇨🇳 · Hong-Zhou Xi🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

   We apply the QCD sum rule method to systematically study excited light meson operators and calculate their decay constants. These operators are constructed by explicitly adding one covariant derivative to the quark-antiquark pair. In total, twelve such operators are constructed, among which ten are subjected to detailed numerical analyses. The considered quark contents include $\bar{q}q$, $\bar{q}s$, and $\bar{s}s$ ($q=u/d$), allowing the formation of various $SU(3)$ flavor nonets. For instance, our results support the interpretation that the $a_2(1320)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f_2^{\prime }(1525)$, and $K_2^{\ast }(1430)$ constitute a flavor nonet with quantum numbers $J^{P(C)}=2^{+(+)}$. In addition, we predict several excited meson states, whose masses and decay constants are determined using the QCD sum rule method.

   hep-phhep-latPRD(2025)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Mesons in nonlocal model with four-dimensional separable kernel

   A. Friesen🇷🇺 · Yu. Kalinovsky🇷🇺 · A. Khmelev🇷🇺

   In this work we study the meson properties in the framework of an effective quark model. We start from the Bethe-Salpeter equation choosing the interaction kernel in nonlocal form with the Gaussian meson vertex function, characterized by a meson size parameter ${\Lambda }_H$. We demonstrate the model's predictive power by applying it to both light and heavy systems. Key results include a calculation of the ${\pi }^0\to \gamma \gamma$ decay width and the pion transition form factor $F_{\pi \gamma }(Q^2)$, which reproduces experimental data from low to high $Q^2$. We further predict the electromagnetic properties of heavy quarkonia, obtaining the two-photon decay widths of ${\eta }_c$ and ${\eta }_b$ and the radiative decay widths of $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$, all of which show consistency with available data and other theoretical approaches. The model provides a computationally efficient and unified framework for describing mesons from the light to heavy quark sectors.

   hep-phhep-thEPJA(2026)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Observability of modified threshold behavior near unitarity

   Michael D. Higgins🇺🇸 · J. Golak🇵🇱 · R. Skibinski🇵🇱 · K. Topolnicki🇵🇱 · H. Witala🇵🇱 · H. Kamada🇯🇵 · Chris H. Greene🇺🇸

   A number of recent references have pointed out that an N-particle system having short-range interactions at S-wave and/or P-wave unitarity can exhibit modified threshold behavior for various reactive processes. But the question of how close to unitarity one must get in order to observe such modifications has not been addressed. The present study quantities this question by treating cases involving 3- or 4-neutrons, at the physical value of the neutron-neutron singlet scattering length a and at artificially altered values. One major conclusion is that the neutron-neutron scattering length is not yet sufficiently large for the 3n or 4n systems to demonstrate the unitarity threshold exponent.

   hep-phFew Body Syst.(2025)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Could a Primordial Black Hole Explosion Explain the extremely high-energy KM3NeT neutrino Event?

   Lua F. T. Airoldi🇧🇷 · Gustavo F. S. Alves🇧🇷 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇪🇸 · Gabriel M. Salla🇧🇷 · Renata Zukanovich Funchal🇧🇷

   A black hole is expected to end its lifetime in a cataclysmic runaway burst of Hawking radiation, emitting all Standard Model particles with ultra-high energies. Thus, the explosion of a nearby primordial black hole (PBH) has been proposed as a possible explanation for the $\sim 220$~PeV neutrino-like event recently reported by the KM3NeT collaboration. If the event originated from a PBH, the source would need to lie at $(1-7)\times 10^{-5}\mathrm{pc}$ - depending on the assumed effective area - thus within the Solar System. At such proximity, the resulting flux of gamma rays and cosmic rays would be detectable at Earth. By incorporating the time-dependent field of view of gamma-ray observatories, we show that LHAASO should have recorded $\mathcal{O}(10^8)$ events between fourteen and seven hours prior to the KM3NeT detection. IceCube and KM3NeT \textit{itself} should likewise have detected of order a few hundred events in the range $1\mathrm{TeV}\lesssim E_{\nu }\lesssim 1\mathrm{PeV}$ during the 24 hours preceding the burst. The absence of any such multi-messenger signal, particularly in gamma-ray data, strongly disfavors the interpretation of the KM3-230213A event as arising from evaporation in a minimal four-dimensional Schwarzschild scenario.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRL(2026)·36 citations
9. 09*

   Review on recent progress in the study of the $N^{\ast }(920)$ subthreshold singularity and the $\sigma /f_0(500)$ meson

   Qu-Zhi Li🇨🇳 · Zhiguang Xiao🇨🇳 · Han-Qing Zheng🇨🇳

   We summarize recent results on studies of $\pi \pi$ and $\pi N$ scatterings. They include the finding of a negative-parity nucleon pole with a mass lower than the nucleon mass, and the pole trajectory of $f_0(500)$ as the pion mass varies. The results are obtained from model-independent dispersion analyses. We also study the thermal properties of $f_0(500)$ based on the $O(N)$ $\sigma$ model and $N/D$ method.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thEur.Phys.J.ST(2026)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Wess-Zumino-Witten Interactions of Axions: Three-Flavor

    Yang Bai🇺🇸 · Ting-Kuo Chen🇺🇸 · Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Xiaolin Ma🇨🇳

    We present a complete Lagrangian describing axion interactions with pseudoscalar and (axial-)vector mesons within the three light-flavor quark framework. This formulation incorporates both the standard chiral Lagrangian and the full Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term. By including instanton effects associated with the anomalous $U(1{)}_A$ symmetry, we demonstrate that physical observables remain invariant under arbitrary chiral phase rotations of the quark fields. This comprehensive Lagrangian provides a robust and consistent framework for exploring axion phenomenology through its interactions with mesons and gauge bosons. As a demonstration, we compute the decay widths of GeV-scale axions into various mesonic final states for several benchmark axion models.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2026)·12 citations
11. 11*

    Tensor Network for Anomaly Detection in the Latent Space of Proton Collision Events at the LHC

    Ema Puljak🇪🇸 · Maurizio Pierini🇨🇭 · Artur Garcia-Saez🇪🇸

    The pursuit of discovering new phenomena at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) demands constant innovation in algorithms and technologies. Tensor networks are mathematical models on the intersection of classical and quantum machine learning, which present a promising and efficient alternative for tackling these challenges. In this work, we propose a tensor network-based strategy for anomaly detection at the LHC and demonstrate its superior performance in identifying new phenomena compared to established quantum methods. Our model is a parametrized Matrix Product State with an isometric feature map, processing a latent representation of simulated LHC data generated by an autoencoder. Our results highlight the potential of tensor networks to enhance new-physics discovery.

    hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechcs.LGhep-ex+2Mach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Frequentist Uncertainties on Neural Density Ratios with wifi Ensembles

    Sean Benevedes🇺🇸 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸

    We introduce wifi ensembles as a novel framework to obtain asymptotic frequentist uncertainties on density ratios, with a particular focus on neural ratio estimation in the context of high-energy physics. When the density ratio of interest is a likelihood ratio conditioned on parameters, wifi ensembles can be used to perform simulation-based inference on those parameters. After training the basis functions f_i(x), uncertainties on the weights w_i can be straightforwardly propagated to the estimated parameters without requiring extraneous bootstraps. To demonstrate this approach, we present an application in quantum chromodynamics at the Large Hadron Collider, using wifi ensembles to estimate the likelihood ratio between generated quark and gluon jets. We use this learned likelihood ratio to estimate the quark fraction in a synthetic mixed quark/gluon sample, showing that the resultant uncertainties empirically satisfy the desired coverage properties.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.data-anPRD(2025)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Dark Matter Haloscope with a Disordered Dielectric Absorber

    Stewart Koppell🇺🇸 · Otavio D. A. R. Bittencourt🇨🇦 · Dip Joti Paul🇺🇸 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦 · Masha Baryakhtar🇺🇸 · Karl K. Berggren🇺🇸

    Light dark matter candidates such as axions and dark photons generically couple to electromagnetism, yielding dark-matter-to-photon conversion as a key search strategy. In addition to resonant conversion in cavities and circuits, light dark matter bosons efficiently convert to photons on material interfaces, with a broadband power proportional to the total area of these interfaces. In this work, we make use of interface conversion to develop a new experimental dark matter detector design: the disordered dielectric detector. We show that a volume filled with dielectric powder is an efficient, robust, and broadband target for axion-to-photon or dark-photon-to-photon conversion. We perform semi-analytical and numerical studies in small-volume 2D and 3D disordered systems to compute the conversion power as a function of dark matter mass. We also discuss the power gathered onto a sensitive photodetector in terms of the bulk properties of the disordered material, making it possible to characterize the predicted dark-matter-to-photon conversion rate across a wide range of wavelengths. Finally, we propose DPHaSE: the Dielectric Powder Haloscope SNSPD Experiment which is composed of a disordered dielectric target, a veto system, and a photon collection chamber to maximize the coupling between the powder target and a low noise superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). With ambitious but realistic improvements to sensor area and detection efficiency at low energy, the projected reach in the 10 meV-eV mass range is sensitive to QCD axion-photon couplings and exceeds current constraints on dark photon dark matter by up to 5 orders of magnitude.

    hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallhep-exphysics.ins-detPRD(2026)·5 citations
14. 14*

    Generator Based Inference (GBI)

    Chi Lung Cheng🇺🇸 · Ranit Das🇺🇸 · Runze Li🇺🇸 · Radha Mastandrea🇺🇸 · Vinicius Mikuni🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · David Shih🇺🇸 · Gup Singh🇺🇸

    Statistical inference in physics is often based on samples from a generator (sometimes referred to as a ``forward model") that emulate experimental data and depend on parameters of the underlying theory. Modern machine learning has supercharged this workflow to enable high-dimensional and unbinned analyses to utilize much more information than ever before. We propose a general framework for describing the integration of machine learning with generators called Generator Based Inference (GBI). A well-studied special case of this setup is Simulation Based Inference (SBI) where the generator is a physics-based simulator. In this work, we examine other methods within the GBI toolkit that use data-driven methods to build the generator. In particular, we focus on resonant anomaly detection, where the generator describing the background is learned from sidebands. We show how to perform machine learning-based parameter estimation in this context with data-derived generators. This transforms the statistical outputs of anomaly detection to be directly interpretable and the performance on the LHCO community benchmark dataset establishes a new state-of-the-art for anomaly detection sensitivity.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-ex7 citations
15. 15*

    Next-to-leading-order prediction for the neutrinoless double-beta decay

    Y. L. Yang🇨🇳 · P. W. Zhao🇨🇳

    The neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) of two neutrons$nn\to ppee$ is the elementary subprocess of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay in nuclei. Accurate knowledge of the $nn\to ppee$ amplitude is required to pin down the short-range contributions in the nuclear matrix elements of the candidate nuclei for large-scale $0\nu \beta \beta$ searches. In this Letter, we report the first next-to-leading-order prediction of the nn \rightarrow ppee amplitude, with Bayesian uncertainty quantification. This is made possible by the development of the relativistic chiral effective field theory, in which no unknown contact term is required up to next-to-leading order. The theory is validated by reproducing in a parameter-free way the available data on the charge independence and charge symmetry breaking contributions in the two-nucleon scattering. The present work makes an essential step towards addressing the uncertainty in the theoretical calculations of the nuclear matrix elements relevant for $0\nu \beta \beta$ searches.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRL(2025)·4 citations
16. 16*

    A White Paper on The Multi-Messenger Science Landscape in India

    Samsuzzaman Afroz🇮🇳 · Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla🇮🇳 · Dipankar Bhattacharya · Soumya Bhattacharya🇮🇳 · Subir Bhattacharyya · Varun Bhalerao · Debanjan Bose🇮🇳 · Chinmay Borwanker · Ishwara Chandra C. H. · Aniruddha Chakraborty · Indranil Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Sovan Chakraborty🇮🇳 and 26 other authors

    The multi-messenger science using different observational windows to the Universe such as Gravitational Waves (GWs), Electromagnetic Waves (EMs), Cosmic Rays (CRs), and Neutrinos offer an opportunity to study from the scale of a neutron star to cosmological scales over a large cosmic time. At the smallest scales, we can explore the structure of the neutron star and the different energetics involved in the transition of a pre-merger neutron star to a post-merger neutron star. This will open up a window to study the properties of matter in extreme conditions and a guaranteed discovery space. On the other hand, at the largest cosmological scales, multi-messenger observations allow us to study the long-standing problems in physical cosmology related to the Hubble constant, dark matter, and dark energy by mapping the expansion history of the Universe using GW sources. Moreover, the multi-messenger studies of astrophysical systems such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes of different masses, all the way up to a high redshift Universe, will bring insightful understanding into the physical processes associated with them that are inaccessible otherwise. This white paper discusses the key cases in the domain of multi-messenger astronomy and the role of observatories in India which can explore uncharted territories and open discovery spaces in different branches of physics ranging from nuclear physics to astrophysics.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ex+13 citations
17. 17*

    Relative-phase dependence of dynamically assisted electron-positron pair creation in the superposition of strong oscillating electric-field pulses

    J. Braß · D. M. Müller · S. Villalba-Chávez🇩🇪 · K. Krajewska🇵🇱 · C. Müller🇩🇪

    Production of electron-positron pairs in the superposition of oscillating electric-field pulses with largely different frequencies is studied, focussing on the impact of relative phases between the pulses. Various field configurations are considered: superpositions of either two or three pulses of equal duration as well as combinations of a long low-frequency and a short high-frequency pulse. We show that the relative phase of superimposed high-frequency modes can exert a sizeable effect on the total numbers of produced pairs, enhancing them by about 10-30% for the considered field parameters.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phEur.Phys.J.D(2026)·5 citations
18. 18*

    From top quarks to enhanced quantum key distribution: A Framework for Optimal Predictability of Quantum Observables

    Dennis I. Martínez-Moreno🇪🇸 · Miguel Castillo-Celeita🇪🇸 · Diego G. Bussandri🇪🇸

    Predicting the outcomes of quantum measurements is a cornerstone of quantum information theory and a key resource for quantum technologies. Here, we introduce a comprehensive framework for quantifying the predictability of measurements on a bipartite quantum system using error measures inherited from statistical learning theory: the Bayes risk and inference variance. We derive analytical expressions for the optimal measurement that minimizes the prediction error for any arbitrary observable and any two-qubit state. We establish a direct, quantitative link between the ability to surpass the fundamental limit of local unpredictability and the presence of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Additionally, by optimizing measurement choices according to the minimal Bayes risk, we propose a modified entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocol achieving higher secure key rates than the standard BB84 protocol, demonstrating enhanced resilience to noise. We apply our framework in two scenarios: perfect Bell states affected by local amplitude-damping noises, and top-antitop quark pairs produced in high-energy colliders. Our work offers a novel perspective on quantum correlations, connecting statistical inference, fundamental quantum phenomena, and cryptographic applications.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phhep-thPhys.Rev.Applied(2026)·2 citations
19. 19*

    Probing emergent axion electrodynamics with waveguide apparatus

    André H. Gomes🇧🇷 · Winder A. Moura-Melo🇧🇷

    We demonstrate that a conventional hollow conductor waveguide filled with a material exhibiting the coexistence of chiral magnetic and anomalous quantum Hall effects supports the propagation of transverse electromagnetic modes. This simple setup provides a direct and optically feasible method to probe the simultaneous presence of these phenomena, potentially enabling the detection of an emergent axion-like field within condensed matter systems.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallhep-phphysics.opticsPRB(2025)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Chasing Serendipity: Tackling Transient Sources with Neutrino Telescopes

    Lua F. T. Airoldi🇧🇷 · Gustavo F. S. Alves🇧🇷 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇪🇸 · Gabriel M. Salla🇧🇷 · Renata Zukanovich Funchal🇧🇷

    The discovery of ultra-high-energy neutrinos by IceCube marked the beginning of neutrino astronomy. Yet, the origin and production mechanisms of these neutrinos remain an open question. With the observation of several neutrino events with energies about the PeV, transient sources - astrophysical objects that emit particles in brief, localized bursts - have emerged as promising candidates. In this work, we revisit the identification of such sources in IceCube and future neutrino telescopes, focusing on how both the timing and sky localization of the source affect the detection sensitivity. We present a framework to account for the source's right ascension in determining the effective area of detectors not located at the poles, such as KM3NeT. As a case study, we investigate evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) as transient neutrino sources, showing that the detection prospects and localization accuracy are strongly influenced by the PBH's position in the sky. Our results emphasize the complementarity between neutrino and gamma-ray observatories and showcase the potential of a global network of neutrino detectors to identify and localize transient events that might be missed by traditional photon-based instruments.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2026)·12 citations
21. 21*

    The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2

    Yifu Cai🇨🇳 · Xin Ren🇨🇳 · Taotao Qiu🇨🇳 · Mingzhe Li🇨🇳 · Xinmin Zhang🇨🇳

    Observations from DESI DR2 are challenging the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm by suggesting that the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy evolves across $w=-1$, a phenomenon known as the Quintom scenario. Inspired by this development, we present a staged review of Quintom cosmology including its theoretical foundations, observational supports, and implications as well as possible extensions. We first trace the historical progression from Einstein's static cosmological constant to modern dynamical dark energy, summarizing recent cosmological constraints that favor an evolving $w(z)$ along time. A key focus is the theoretical no-go theorem for dark energy showing that no single canonical field or perfect fluid model can smoothly cross the $w=-1$ boundary. We then survey viable Quintom constructions, including two-field models, single-scalar fields with higher derivatives, modified gravity frameworks, interacting dark energy, and an effective field theory approach that unifies these mechanisms. Possible interactions of Quintom fields with ordinary matter and the potential roles in yielding non-singular universe solutions are discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thNatl.Sci.Rev.(2026)·92 citations
22. 22*

    New Physics Search at the CEPC: a General Perspective

    Xiaocong Ai · Stefan Antusch · Peter Athron · Yunxiang Bai · Shou-Shan Bao · Daniele Barducci · Xiao-Jun Bi · Tianji Cai · Lorenzo Calibbi · Junsong Cang · Junjie Cao · Wei Chao and 203 other authors

    The Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC), a proposed next-generation Higgs factory, provides new opportunities to explore physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). With its clean electron-positron collision environment and the ability to collect large samples of Higgs, W, and Z bosons, the CEPC enables precision measurements and searches for new physics. This white paper outlines the CEPC's discovery potential, including studies of exotic decays of the Higgs, Z, and top quarks, dark matter and dark sector phenomena, long-lived particles, supersymmetry, and neutrino-related signatures. Advanced detector technologies and reconstruction techniques, such as one-to-one correspondence reconstruction and jet origin identification, significantly improve sensitivity to rare and weakly interacting processes. The CEPC is particularly well suited to probe the electroweak phase transition and test models of electroweak baryogenesis and dark sector interactions. In addition, global fit analyses highlight the CEPC's complementary role in constraining a wide range of new physics scenarios. These features position the CEPC as a powerful tool for exploring the next frontier in fundamental particle physics in the post-Higgs discovery era.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phCPC(2025)·37 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.