HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Mon·May 26, 2025Monday·May 26, 2025

18 papers—12 primary·6 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Vector Dark Matter in a $U (1)_{X}$ extended 2HDM
Nandini Das🇮🇳 · Juhi Dutta🇺🇸 · Dilip Kumar Ghosh🇮🇳 · Santosh Kumar Rai🇮🇳
We investigate the possibility of having a vector boson dark matter in a $U (1)_{X}$ extended two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) setup. The gauge boson gains mass when a SM singlet complex scalar, which is charged under the dark $U (1)_{X}$ symmetry, acquires vacuum expectation value (\textit{vev}). This scalar acts as the connection between the SM sector and DM via the Higgs portal. An additional exact charge conjugation symmetry inhibits the mixing of this gauge boson with the photon, thereby confirming the stability of DM. On the other hand, 2HDM with Type I $Z_{2}$ restriction can offer a non-standard Higgs in the lighter mass range. This freedom allows us to accommodate dark matter mass in the (40-60) GeV regime where the direct detection constraints are strongest. We study the dark matter phenomenology of such a model while taking care of all possible theoretical and experimental constraints.
hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
02*
F-mode Oscillations of Neutron Stars with Dark Matter from Neutron Decay: Implications for Gravitational-Wave Detectability
Wasif Husain🇦🇺
In this study, the impact of neutron decay into dark matter and various dark matter self-interaction strengths on neutron star properties have been explored. Using the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model for nucleon-only equations of state (EoSs), the effects of different matter compositions have been compared, including strange matter and self-interacting dark matter. The results demonstrate that increasing DM-DM self-repulsion stiffens the EoS, influencing the mass-radius relationship and stability of neutron stars. Furthermore, fundamental mode (f-mode) oscillations have been analyzed, which serve as a diagnostic tool for probing neutron star interiors. The f-mode frequencies follow universal relations, reinforcing their applicability for constraining dense matter properties. It has been shown that neutron stars composed of nucleons-only and self-interacting dark matter exhibit a universal behavior in damping time and angular frequency, whereas strange matter and non-self-interacting dark matter deviate from this trend. Importantly, it has been shown that for a GW energy release of E = 10^{52} erg and a source distance of 25 Mpc, the characteristic strain and signal-to-noise ratio exceed the ET-D sensitivity threshold below 2.1 kHz for all models except the non-interacting DM case, demonstrating that neutron-to-dark matter decay scenarios, including the role of DM self-interactions, can be tested through next-generation gravitational-wave asteroseismology, offering a new probe of DM physics and the neutron lifetime anomaly.
hep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2026)·6 citations
03*
Relative difference between up and down quark structure of the proton
Mingzhe Xie🇨🇳 · Siqi Yang🇨🇳 · Wenhao Ma🇨🇳 · Minghui Liu🇨🇳 · Liang Han🇨🇳 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸
We presen a novel determination of the down-to-up composition ratio using the forward-backward asymmetry observed in the proton-proton collisions at the LHC. This method offers unique insights into the flavor-specific difference between down and up quarks, which are difficult to isolate in traditional cross-section measurements due to the inherent mixing of contributions from both flavors. In this study, we systematically measure the down-to-up quark ratio over a broad momentum fraction (x) range of 0.01 to 0.1, utilizing the sensitivity of the forward-backward asymmetry to quark-level couplings. Our findings reveal significant deviations in both the value and x-dependence of this ratio compared to predictions from current parton distribution functions (PDFs). These discrepancies highlight potential limitations in existing PDF parameterization and emphasize the importance of flavor-separated measurements for advancing our understanding of proton structure.
hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
04*
Compositness and wave function of shallow bound states in relation to scattering observables
Ibuki Terashima🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵
We study the internal structure of exotic hadrons, especially focusing on the relation between the compositeness and physical observables. Defined as the probability of finding hadronic molecular components in the wave function, compositeness serves as a quantitative measure of the internal structure of exotic hadrons. We utilize the coupled-channel potential model incorporating both quark and hadron degrees of freedom, which naturally generate the ``bare state'' responsible for the elementary component as the bound state in the quark channel. The behavior of the compositeness under the variation of the model parameters is investigated by using the $X (3872)$ as an example. In particular, we analyze the associated scattering phase shifts and the bound-state wave functions to discuss the relation between the compositeness and the scattering observables for a shallow bound state. As a phenomenological application of the present framework, the compositeness of the $X (3872)$ , $T_{cc} (3875)$ , $D_{s 0} (2317)$ , and $D_{s 1} (2460)$ is discussed.
hep-phnucl-thPRC(2026)·2 citations
05*
Neutrino Physics at Future Colliders
P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸
This is a brief review of the collider phenomenology of neutrino physics. Current and future colliders provide an ideal testing ground for (sub)TeV-scale neutrino mass models, as they can directly probe the messenger particles, which could be either new fermions, scalars, or gauge bosons, associated with neutrino mass generation. Moreover, the recent observation of TeV-scale neutrinos produced at the LHC offers new ways to test the limits of the Standard Model and beyond.
hep-phhep-exPoS(2025)·0 citations
06*
Neutrinoless double beta decay rates and the $3 + 2$ scenario
Vaisakh Plakkot🇳🇱
The possible Majorana nature of neutrinos leads to lepton-number-violating effects such as neutrinoless double beta decay. The standard study of this process involves mass-dependent matrix elements which, although easy to use, might be missing important effects, especially in the light neutrino regime where the ultrasoft contributions become important. A fresh look at the different momentum regions leads us to an effective practical parametrisation for the decay amplitude that can show significant differences in the light-to-medium mass range of neutrinos compared to the standard parametrisation. As a concrete realisation of a UV model leading to Majorana neutrinos, the testability of a $3 + 2$ model with two sterile neutrinos is discussed.
hep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
07*
Invariant relativistic kinematics: Phase space triangulation
Jan Hajer🇵🇹
The calculation of particle decay widths and scattering cross sections naturally decomposes into a quantum mechanical amplitude and a relativistic phase space (PS). This PS can be formulated in terms of parallelotopes providing frame independent invariants. We demonstrate how these invariants are related to frame dependent observables such as momenta, energies, and angles between particles. Furthermore, we derive expressions for n-dimensional PSs featuring simple integration limits that are particularly well suited for an analytical treatment. To that end we develop a pictorial description using PS diagrams that allow to straightforwardly identify the optimal set of integration variables for arbitrary n.
hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
08*
Dark Matter EFT Landscape Probed by QUEST-DMC
QUEST-DMC Collaboration: N. Darvishi🇬🇧 · S. Autti🇬🇧 · L. Bloomfield🇬🇧 · A. Casey🇬🇧 · N. Eng🇬🇧 · P. Franchini🇬🇧 · R. P. Haley🇬🇧 · P. J. Heikkinen🇬🇧 · A. Jennings🇯🇵 · A. Kemp🇬🇧 · E. Leason🇬🇧 · J. March-Russell🇬🇧 and 17 other authors
We present the projected sensitivity to non-relativistic Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators for Dark Matter (DM) direct detection using the QUEST-DMC experiment. QUEST-DMC employs superfluid Helium-3 as a target medium and measures energy deposition via nanomechanical resonators with SQUID-based readout to probe DM interactions. The experiment aims to explore new parameter space in the sub-GeV mass range, probing light DM and a broad range of interaction models. We analyse the sensitivity to a complete set of fourteen independent non-relativistic EFT operators, each parameterised by a Wilson coefficient that quantifies the strength of DM interactions with Standard Model particles. For each interaction channel, we determine the corresponding sensitivity ceiling due to attenuation of the DM flux incident on the detector, caused by DM scattering in the Earth and atmosphere. As a key component of this analysis, we provide the mapping between the non-relativistic EFT operators and the relativistic bilinear DM-nucleon interactions, and assess the interaction sensitivity to sub-GeV DM in the QUEST-DMC detector. Our findings demonstrate that QUEST-DMC provides a unique probe of DM interactions, particularly in previously unexplored parameter space for momentum- and velocity-dependent interactions, thereby expanding the search for viable DM candidates beyond traditional weakly interacting massive particles.
hep-phJCAP(2025)·3 citations
09*
Towards factorization of jet observables in dense media : An EFT approach
Balbeer Singh🇺🇸
Jets are extended multipartonic systems and serve as a powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of emergent phenomena driven by many body QCD interactions. In heavy ion collisions, starting from their production during the perturbative hard scattering event in the initial stages of the collision to non-perturbative hadronization they interact with the various stages of quark-gluon plasma and retain imprints of fundamental properties of the medium. In these collisions, the jet production cross-section can be factorized using open quantum system framework along with effective field theory into various functions, each capturing a specific dynamics and depending on a single characteristic scale. In this review article, we discuss recent theoretical developments on factorization for jets in heavy-ion collisions with a specific example of jet substructure observable as energy-energy correlator and its generalization to projected $ν$ -point energy correlators.
hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·2 citations
10*
High-energy factorization via eigenfunctions of the next-to-leading-order BFKL kernel
Ada Polizzi🇮🇹 · Michael Fucilla🇵🇱 · Alessandro Papa🇮🇹
We present a general formula for the amplitude of forward exclusive hadronic processes in the semihard regime of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), by means of the {\em next-to-leading order} eigenfunctions of the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) kernel, as constructed by Chirilli and Kovchegov. We discuss some formal subtleties in the check of compatibility with the similar formula based on the use of the {\em leading-order} BFKL eigenfunctions. Finally, in the specific case of the electroproduction of two light vector mesons, we consider the numerical stability of the amplitude when one or the other set of eigenfunctions is adopted.
hep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·1 citation
11*
Single-valued representation of unpolarized and polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at next-to-next-to-leading order
Juliane Haug🇩🇪 · Fabian Wunder🇩🇪
We revisit the recently published analytic results for unpolarized and polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. These expressions for the hard scattering coefficients contain case distinctions in the kinematic $(x, z)$ plane splitting the analytic result in four regions. By re-expressing the coefficient functions in terms of single-valued polylogarithms we remove these case distinctions and can present a unified result valid in the entire kinematic range of SIDIS. This reduces the length of the overall expressions by 30% to 60%.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·6 citations
12*
Insights on the Cosmic Origin of Matter from Proton Stability
Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇨🇭 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭
We investigate the phenomenology of a model in which the proton is rendered absolutely stable by an IR mechanism that remains robust against unknown quantum gravity effects. A linear combination of baryon number and lepton flavors is gauged and spontaneously broken to a residual $Z_{9}$ discrete gauge symmetry enforcing a strict selection rule: $Δ B = 0 (mod 3)$ . Despite its minimal field content, the model successfully accounts for established empirical evidence of physics beyond the SM. High-scale symmetry breaking simultaneously provides a seesaw mechanism explaining the smallness of neutrino masses, minimal thermal leptogenesis, and a viable phenomenology of the majoron as dark matter. Any cosmic string-wall network remaining after inflation is unstable for numerous charge assignments. Lepton flavor non-universality, central to the construction, leads to predictive neutrino textures testable via oscillation experiments, neutrinoless double beta decay, and cosmology. The model motivates searches in $X$ - and $γ$ -ray lines, neutrino telescopes, and predicts CMB imprints.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exhep-thJCAP(2025)·16 citations
13*
Model-Independent Dark Energy Measurements from DESI DR2 and Planck 2015 Data
Yun Wang (Caltech)🇺🇸 · Katherine Freese (UT Austin & NORDITA)🇺🇸
Using DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) distance measurements and Planck cosmic microwave background distance priors, we have measured the dark energy density $ρ_{X} (z)$ and dark energy equation of state w_X(z) as free functions of redshift (smoothly interpolated from values at {z_i}={0, 1/3, 2/3, 1, 4/3, 2.33}, and find both to be consistent with a cosmological constant, with only deviations of 1\sigma for $ρ_{X} (z)$ & ~ 2 $σ$ for w_X(z) at z=2/3. We also find that measuring { $ρ_{X} (z_{i})$ } is preferred to measuring {w_X(z_i)} by model selection using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as well as the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Varying the choice of redshift values of the $ρ_{X} (z)$ measurements leads to very consistent results, with AIC/BIC slightly favoring the case of our fiducial {z_i} with z=4/3 omitted. We find agreement with a cosmological constant except for the 1-2 $σ$ deviation at 0.4 < z < 0.9, where DESI DR2 BAO measurements deviate from a cosmological constant at similar statistical significance. Our results differ noticeably from those of the DESI Collaboration, in which they used the same DESI DR2 data combined with Planck data and found a 3.1 $σ$ deviation from a cosmological constant, which is primarily the consequence of their assuming parametrization w_X(z)=w_0+w_a(1-a). Our results indicate that assuming a linear w_X(z) could be misleading and precludes discovering how dark energy actually varies with time at higher redshifts. In our quest to discover the physical nature of dark energy, the most urgent goal at present is to determine definitively whether dark energy density varies with time. It is of critical importance to measure dark energy density as a free function of redshift from data. Future galaxy redshift surveys by Euclid and Roman at higher redshifts will significantly advance our understanding of dark energy.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2026)·27 citations
14*
Influence of Dark Matter on the Formation of Biogenic Elements in Early Universe Stars
L. Yildiz🇮🇱 · D. Kayki🇮🇱 · M. F. Ciappina🇮🇱
We demonstrate that dark matter interactions can profoundly influence stellar nucleosynthesis in the early universe by altering thermodynamic gradients and modifying nuclear reaction rates within primordial stars. Incorporating a dark matter-modified Fermi-Dirac distribution and accounting for localized energy injection from annihilation heating, our model predicts enhanced production of carbon and nitrogen alongside reduced oxygen synthesis. These compositional shifts significantly reshape stellar structure and produce synthetic spectra that closely reproduce the observed characteristics of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. Our findings reveal a direct and previously overlooked role of dark matter in driving the chemical evolution of the early cosmos, offering a plausible link between fundamental particle physics and observable astrophysical signatures.
↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
15*
Gravitational waves from strong first order phase transitions
José Correia🇫🇮 · Mark Hindmarsh🇫🇮 · Kari Rummukainen🇫🇮 · David J. Weir🇫🇮
We study gravitational wave production at strong first order phase transitions, with large-scale, long-running simulations of a system with a scalar order parameter and a relativistic fluid. One transition proceeds by detonations with asymptotic wall speed $v_{w} = 0.92$ and transition strength $α_{n} = 0.67$ , and the other by deflagrations, with a nominal asymptotic wall speed $v_{w} = 0.44$ and transition strength $α_{n} = 0.5$ . We investigate in detail the power spectra of velocity and shear stress and - for the first time in a phase transition simulation - their time decorrelation, which is essential for the understanding of gravitational wave production. In the detonation, the decorrelation speed is larger than the sound speed over a wide range of wavenumbers in the inertial range, supporting a visual impression of a flow dominated by supersonic shocks. Vortical modes do not contribute greatly to the produced gravitational wave power spectra even in the deflagration, where they dominate over a range of wavenumbers. In both cases, we observe dissipation of kinetic energy by acoustic turbulence, and in the case of the detonation an accompanying growth in the integral scale of the flow. The gravitational wave power approaches a constant with a power law in time, from which can be derived a gravitational wave production efficiency. For both cases this is approximately $Ω ~_{gw}^{\infty} ≃ 0.017$ , even though they have quite different kinetic energy densities. The corresponding fractional density in gravitational radiation today, normalised by the square of the mean bubble spacing in Hubble units, for flows which decay in much less than a Hubble time, is $Ω_{gw, 0} / (H_{n} R_{*})^{2} = (4.8 \pm 1.1) \times 1 0^{- 8}$ for the detonation, and $Ω_{gw, 0} / (H_{n} R_{*})^{2} = (1.3 \pm 0.2) \times 1 0^{- 8}$ for the deflagration.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·25 citations
16*
Thermodynamics of magnetized BPS baryonic layers and the effects of the Isospin chemical potential
Sergio Luigi Cacciatori🇮🇹 · Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Evangelo Delgado🇨🇱 · Federica Muscolino🇮🇹 · Luigi Rosa🇮🇹
Through the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of classical mechanics, BPS magnetized Baryonic layers (possessing both baryonic charge and magnetic flux) have been constructed in the gauged non-linear sigma model (G-NLSM) minimally coupled to Maxwell theory, which is one of the most relevant effective theories for Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in the strongly interacting low-energy limit which also takes into account the electromagnetic interactions. Since the topological charge that naturally appears on the right hand side of the BPS bound is a non-linear function of the baryonic charge, the thermodynamics of these magnetized Baryonic layers is highly non-trivial. In this work, using tools from the theory of Casimir effect, we derive analytical relationship between baryonic charge, topological charge, magnetic flux and relevant thermodynamical quantities (such as pressure, specific heat and magnetic susceptibility) of these layers. The critical Baryonic chemical potential is identified. Quite interestingly, the grand canonical partition function can be related with the Riemann zeta function. On the technical side, it is quite a remarkable result to derive explicit expressions for all these thermodynamics quantities of a strongly interacting magnetized system at finite Baryon density. The effects of the Isospin chemical potential can be included as well: in particular, we will be able to construct explicitly the BPS bound and the corresponding BPS configurations also in the case in which the Isospin chemical potential is non-zero. The physical interpretations of our analytical results will be discussed.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·2 citations
17*
Near-SUSY to Non-SUSY Crossover
Dan Kondo🇯🇵 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸 · Bea Noether🇺🇸
Gauge theories can be solved exactly slightly away from the supersymmetric (SUSY) limit softly broken by anomaly mediation when the size of SUSY breaking is much smaller than the dynamical scale ( $m ≪ Λ$ ). We show empirical evidence that the near-SUSY limit is continuously connected to the non-SUSY limit ( $m ≫ Λ$ ) in $SU (N_{c})$ gauge theories with $N_{f}$ quarks in the fundamental representation. The evidence includes the behavior of quark bi-linear condensate and gluon condensates, light hadron spectra, and consistency with the large $N_{c}$ limit. In addition, we present new predictions when $N_{f} / N_{c} ≳ O (1)$ .
↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
18*
Dynamical Evolutions in Globular Clusters and Dwarf Galaxies: Conduction Fluid Simulations
Yi-Ming Zhong🇨🇳 · Stuart L. Shapiro🇺🇸
We present a new two-fluid conduction scheme to simulate the evolution of an isolated, self-gravitating, equilibrium cluster of stars and collisionless dark matter on secular (gravothermal) timescales. We integrate the equations in Lagrangian coordinates via a second-order, semi-implicit algorithm, which is unconditionally stable when the mass of the lighter species is much less than that of the heavier species. The method can be straightforwardly generalized to handle a multi-species system with a population of stars or components beyond collisionless dark matter and stars. We apply the method to simulate the dynamical evolution of stellar-dark matter systems, exploring the consequences of mass segregation and gravothermal core collapse, and assessing those effects for observed globular clusters and dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume.
↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.