Wed·May 21, 2025Wednesday·May 21, 2025

1. 01*

   Viability of post-inflationary freeze-in with precision cosmology

   Anirban Biswas🇮🇳 · Sougata Ganguly🇰🇷 · Dibyendu Nanda🇯🇵 · Sujit Kumar Sahoo🇮🇳

   Prediction of inflationary observables from the temperature fluctuation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) can play a pivotal role in predicting the reheating dynamics in the early universe. In this work, we highlight how the inflationary observables, in particular the spectral index $n_s$, can play a potential role in constraining the post-inflationary dark matter (DM) production. We demonstrate a novel way of constraining the non-thermal production of DM via UV freeze-in which is otherwise elusive in terrestrial experiments. We consider a scenario in which DM is produced from this thermal plasma via a dimension-five operator. The mutual connection between $n_s$ and relic density of DM via the reheating temperature, $T_{\mathrm{RH}}$, enables us to put constraints on the DM parameter space. For the minimal choice of the inflationary model parameters and DM mass between $1\mathrm{MeV}$ to $1\mathrm{TeV}$, we found that Planck alone can exclude the cut-off scale of the dimension-five operator $\Lambda \lesssim 10^{12}\mathrm{GeV}$ which is significantly stronger than any other existing constraints on such minimal scenario. If we impose the combined prediction form Planck and recently released data by ACT, the exclusion limit can reach up to the Planck scale for TeV-scale dark matter.

   hep-phastro-ph.CO5 citations
2. 02*

   Can local White Dwarfs constrain Dark Matter interactions?

   Pooja Bhattacharjee🇸🇮 · Sandra Robles🇺🇸 · Stephan A. Meighen-Berger🇦🇺 · Francesca Calore🇫🇷

   We investigate whether nearby white dwarfs (WDs) can constrain dark matter (DM) interactions with ordinary matter. As experimental sensitivity improves, driven by the Gaia mission, the sample volume of nearby WDs has been increasing over recent years. We carefully select a sample of ten cold, isolated, non-magnetic WDs within 13~pc of the Sun. We model their carbon-oxygen interior using a finite temperature relativistic equation of state and model atmospheres to infer their core temperatures. This enables us to perform a thorough estimation of the DM capture rate and evaporation mass using actual astrophysical observations. Given the low local DM density, we focus on DM that annihilates into long-lived mediators, which escape the WD and later decay into photons. While \textit{Fermi}-LAT data shows no significant gamma-ray excess, future telescopes, CTA North \& South, LHAASO, SWGO, could probe DM-nucleon cross sections down to $\sim 10^{-41}{\text{cm}}^2$ for DM masses above the TeV scale. Our results are competitive with current direct detection bounds (e.g., LZ) in the multi-TeV regime. This work underscores the importance of systematic WD studies in the broader landscape of DM detection and demonstrates the synergy between astrophysical and terrestrial searches in exploring DM interactions.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRJCAP(2025)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Numerical Calculation of Coulomb Corrections in Forward Elastic $p^{\uparrow }p$ and $p^{\uparrow }A$ Scattering

   Andrei Poblaguev🇺🇸

   The analysis of RHIC hydrogen gas jet target polarimeter measurements of transverse analyzing powers $A_{\text{N}}(t)$ in proton-nucleus scattering requires accurate Coulomb corrections to both spin-flip and non-flip amplitudes. These corrections must cover a wide range of nuclear charges $Z$ and form factor slopes, with flexibility to vary form factors during data fitting. To avoid technically challenging calculations involving a small but finite fictitious photon mass, the Coulomb correction to the non-flip electromagnetic amplitude with an exponential form factor was related to the corresponding correction for the spin-flip amplitude. This approach allows soft photon contributions to all amplitudes, including those with non-exponential form factors, to be calculated in the massless photon limit using only analytical expressions and numerically stable integrals with nonsingular integrands and finite integration limits. In addition, an absorptive correction to the spin-flip electromagnetic amplitude, which plays a critical role in spin effects in forward polarized proton-nucleus scattering, was accurately evaluated.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Beauty Hadron Spectrum in a Screened Potential Model

   Raghavendra Kaushal🇮🇳 · Bhaghyesh🇮🇳

   The mass spectrum of beauty hadrons ($b\overline{b}$ and $bbb$ baryons) and $bb$-diquarks are computed in a non-relativistic phenomenological potential model. The potential comprises of a short-range Coulomb potential, a screened confinement potential, and $O(1/m)$ corrections predicted from lattice and pNRQCD studies. Among the spin-dependent interactions, spin-spin interaction is considered non-perturbatively, whereas spin-orbit and tensor interactions are considered perturbatively. The Matrix-Numerov method is used to numerically solve the non-relativistic Schrodinger equation to evaluate the mass spectra. We interpret ${\rm Y}(10753)$ as $D$-wave bottomonium state and ${\rm Y}(10860)$ and ${\rm Y}(11020)$ as $S$-wave bottomonium states. The mass spectrum of $bbb$ baryons are evaluated under the diquark-quark model. The excited masses are computed by considering various radial and orbital excitations of the diquark as well as the diquark-quark system.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·3 citations
5. 05*

   Dynamical Systems and Superstring Phases in the Early Universe

   Noelia Sánchez González🇬🇧 · Joseph P. Conlon🇬🇧 · Edmund J. Copeland🇬🇧 · Edward Hardy🇬🇧

   We study the string theory dynamics of the volume scalar rolling down an exponential potential during the period between inflation and reheating, in a background of cosmic superstring loops. In the context of the LVS potential, we demonstrate the existence of a novel string loop attractor tracker solution, in which 75% of the energy density of the universe is in the form of a gas of fundamental cosmic superstring loops (a configuration preferred over the standard radiation tracker). On this tracker, it is the continual reduction in the string tension as the volume scalar evolves that makes the loops stable against decay. For more general non-LVS potentials, mixed radiation-loop trackers can also occur.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2025)·13 citations
6. 06*

   Bispectrum from five-dimensional inflation

   Ignatios Antoniadis🇹🇭 · Auttakit Chatrabhuti🇹🇭 · Jules Cunat🇫🇷 · Hiroshi Isono🇹🇭

   It was proposed that five-dimensional (5D) inflation can blow up the size of a compact dimension from the 5D Planck length to the micron size, as required by the dark dimension proposal, relating the weakness of the actual gravitational force to the size of the observable universe. Moreover, it was shown that 5D inflation can generate the (approximate) flat power spectrum of primordial density fluctuations consistent with present observations. Here we compute the bispectrum of primordial scalar perturbations and show that unlike the power spectrum, it differs from the four-dimensional case at all angular distances, due to the fact that in contrast to global dilatations, invariance under special conformal transformations is not restored at late times. Moreover there is an additional enhancement in the squeezed limit.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2025)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Holographic quark masses and radiative decays of heavy vector mesons

   Saulo Diles🇧🇷 · Miguel Angel Martin Contreras🇨🇳 · Alfredo Vega🇨🇱

   Holographic models of QCD provide the spectrum of heavy vector meson masses and electromagnetic decay constants through bulk computations of the current-current correlation function. Conversely, the phenomenology of heavy vector mesons is articulated by the constituent heavy quark model utilizing a non-relativistic approximation. By applying the Segre formula from non-relativistic quantum mechanics, we derive new observables from holography: the constituent quark mass, the three-photon decay width, the effective fine structure constant of the strong interaction, and the mixed one-photon and two-gluon decay width. We also derive the three-gluon decay width, the three-photon decay width, and the mixed one-photon and two-gluon decay width for the radially excited states of heavy quarkonia and compare them with available experimental data. The present results reveal a new paradigm of meson spectroscopy in AdS/QCD.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Constraints on Neutrino Secret Interactions from Multi-messenger Neutrinos Scattering on C$\nu$B

   Maria Petropavlova🇨🇿

   We present new constraints on neutrino secret interactions ($\nu$SI) by studying high-energy neutrinos from well-known astrophysical sources, such as SN1987A, the blazars TXS $0506+056$ and PKS $0735+178$, the active galaxy NGC 1068, and the KM3-230213A neutrino event. We expand existing limits by probing a previously unconstrained region of the mediator mass parameter space. Our study focuses on Dirac neutrinos interacting with a massive spin-one boson as they propagate through the Cosmic Neutrino Background, while also examining Majorana and Dirac neutrinos scattering via a scalar mediator. We consider both ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic regimes, establishing bounds on the $\nu$SI coupling constant across the wide $\nu$SI mediator mass range. Our results, obtained using analytical methods, demonstrate significant constraints on the $\nu$SI vector coupling in the low mediator mass region, compared to the scalar coupling scenario.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Phase Transitions in Dimensional Reduction up to Three Loops

   Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Luis Gil🇪🇸 · Zhe Ren🇪🇸

   We perform the first computation of phase-transition parameters to cubic order in $\lambda \sim m^2/T^2$, where $m$ is the scalar mass and $T$ is the temperature, in a simple model resembling the Higgs sector of the SMEFT. We use dimensional reduction, including 1-loop matching corrections for terms of dimension 6 (in 4-dimensional units), 2-loop contributions for dimension-4 ones and 3-loops for the squared mass. We precisely quantify the size of the different corrections, including renormalisation-group running as well as quantum effects from light fields in the effective theory provided by the Coleman-Weinberg potential, and discuss briefly the implications for gravitational waves. Our results suggest that, for strong phase transitions, 1-loop corrections from dimension-6 operators can compete with 2-loop ones from quartic couplings, but largely surpass those from 3-loop thermal masses.

   hep-phastro-ph.COCPC(2025)·25 citations
10. 10*

    Magnetic properties of the hadron resonance gas with physical magnetic moments

    Rupam Samanta🇵🇱 · Wojciech Broniowski🇵🇱

    We study magnetic properties of the Hadron Resonance Gas in the presence of a strong ($0\le B\le 0.15{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$) uniform magnetic field, using physical values of the magnetic moments of hadrons, i.e., including their anomalous parts. The values of these moments are taken from experiment, or when unavailable, from theoretical estimates. We evaluate the conserved charge susceptibilities, finding the expected sizable effects of the anomalous magnetic moments, in particular of the octet baryons, such as the proton and neutron, where they are exceptionally large. We also study in detail the large effects of the magnetic moments of the $\Delta (1232)$ states, for which various theoretical estimates and experimental values differ significantly. We compare our model results with the lattice QCD data and find reasonable agreement within the model uncertainty.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRC(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Neutrinophilic Super-Resonant Dark Matter

    Murat Abdughani🇨🇳 · Shao-Song Tang🇨🇳 · Kadirya Tursun🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    Dark matter (DM) annihilation can be significantly enhanced through narrow resonances or the Sommerfeld enhancement effect, with both mechanisms potentially combining in a super-resonant annihilation process. In such scenarios, the conventional assumption that kinetic equilibrium persists until chemical decoupling may not hold, leading to substantial impacts on the final DM relic density. However, a strongly enhanced annihilation cross section into Standard Model particles, except neutrinos, is constrained by cosmic microwave background observations. We thus investigate DM annihilation into neutrino pair final states, focusing on the role of kinetic decoupling. We solve the coupled Boltzmann equations to determine the relic density and constrain the parameter space using current experimental data, while also forecasting the sensitivity of future experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Phenomenological constraints of the building blocks of the cluster hadronization model

    Stefan Gieseke🇩🇪 · Stefan Kiebacher🇩🇪 · Simon Plätzer🇦🇹 · Jan Priedigkeit🇦🇹

    We introduce building blocks for the cluster hadronization model in light of a new structure, focusing on cluster fission and cluster decay. We propose theoretically motivated matrix elements for cluster fission and decay as building blocks and study some first phenomenological implications at different energies. In particular we develop a set of observables which can be used to dissect the hadronization history and have constraining power on the individual building blocks. Our analysis will be completed by including colour reconnection in a follow-up work.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Statistical analysis of pQCD energy loss across system size, flavor, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, and $p_T$

    Coleridge Faraday🇿🇦 · W. A. Horowitz🇿🇦

    We present suppression predictions from our pQCD-based energy loss model, which receives small system size corrections, for high-$p_T$ $\pi$, $D$ and $B$ meson $R_{AB}$ as a function of centrality, flavor, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, and $p_T$ from large to small collision systems at RHIC and LHC. A statistical analysis is used to constrain the effective strong coupling in our model to available high-$p_T$ suppression data from central heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, yielding good agreement with all available data. We estimate two important theoretical uncertainties in our model, stemming from: the transition between vacuum and hard thermal loop propagators in the collisional energy loss, and from the angular cutoff on the radiated gluon momentum. We find, consistently, that the extracted ${\alpha }_s$ remains relatively unchanged across heavy- and light-flavor final states and across central, semi-central, and peripheral collisions. We make predictions from our large-system-constrained model for small systems and find good agreement with photon-normalized $R_{d\text{Au}}^{{\pi }^0}\simeq 0.75$ in $0-5\%$ centrality $d$ + Au collisions by PHENIX. However, we find strong disagreement with the measured $R_{p\text{Pb}}^{h^{\pm }}\gtrsim 1$ in $0-5\%$ centrality $p$ + Pb collisions by ALICE and ATLAS; we argue that this disagreement is due, in large part, to centrality bias. We make predictions for the ratio of suppression in ${}^3$He + Au and $p$ + Au collisions, which may in the future be used to disentangle final- from initial-state suppression in small systems. We then compare our results to various subsets of data, which allows us to estimate the preferred: low-$p_T$ scale at which non-perturbative processes become important, scales at which the strong coupling runs, and scale at which vacuum propagators transition to thermally modified propagators in collisional energy loss.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2025)·15 citations
14. 14*

    Resumming transverse observables for NNLO+PS matching in GENEVA

    Alessandro Gavardi🇩🇪 · Rebecca von Kuk🇩🇪 · Matthew A. Lim🇬🇧

    We study the use of higher-order resummation for transverse observables to achieve NNLO+PS matching within the GENEVA framework. In particular, we embed $q_T$ resummation for colour-singlet production at N${}^3$LL obtained via soft-collinear effective theory and implemented in the library SCETlib within GENEVA. We also study for the first time the use of the generalised $N$-jettiness variable in parton shower matching, and achieve the resummation of the one-jettiness defined with transverse measures up to NLL${}^{\prime }$ accuracy. As a case study, we use these resummed calculations to construct a GENEVA NNLO+PS generator for Higgs boson production in heavy-quark annihilation (with beauty or charm-quarks in the initial state). The use of transverse measures facilitates the matching to showers ordered in transverse momentum, and opens the door to possible future extensions of this approach to the production of colour singlets in association with final-state jets.

    hep-phhep-ex6 citations
15. 15*

    Probing Reheating Phase via Non-Helical Magnetogenesis and Secondary Gravitational Waves

    Subhasis Maiti🇮🇳 · Debaprasad Maity🇮🇳 · Rohan Srikanth🇩🇪

    In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in observational techniques to enhance our understanding of the universe and its evolutionary processes. However, our knowledge of the post-inflation reheating phase remains limited due to its small-scale dynamics. Traditional observations, such as those of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), primarily provide insights into large-scale dynamics, making it challenging to glean information about the reheating era. In this paper, our primary aim is to explore how the generation of Gravitational Waves (GWs) spectra, resulting from electromagnetic fields in the early universe, can offer valuable insights into the Reheating dynamics. We investigate how the spectral shape of GWs varies across different frequency ranges, depending on the initial magnetic profile and reheating dynamics. For this, we consider a well-known non-helical magnetogenesis model, where the usual electromagnetic kinetic term is coupled with a background scalar. Notably, for such a scenario, we observe distinct spectral shapes with sufficiently high amplitudes for different reheating histories with the equation of state parametrized by ($w_{\mathrm{re}}$). We identify spectral breaks in the GW spectra for both $w_{\mathrm{re}}<1/3$ and $w_{\mathrm{re}}>1/3$ scenarios. We find that future GW experiments such as BBO, LISA, SKA, and DECIGO are well within the reach of observing those distinct spectral shapes and can potentially shed light on the underlying mechanism of the reheating phase.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
16. 16*

    On the Present Status of Inflationary Cosmology

    Renata Kallosh🇺🇸 · Andrei Linde🇺🇸

    We give a brief review of the basic principles of inflationary theory and discuss the present status of the simplest inflationary models that can describe Planck/BICEP/Keck observational data by choice of a single model parameter. In particular, we discuss the Starobinsky model, Higgs inflation, and $\alpha$-attractors, including the recently developed $\alpha$-attractor models with $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ invariant potentials. We also describe inflationary models providing a good fit to the recent ACT data, as well as the polynomial chaotic inflation models with three parameters, which can account for any values of the three main CMB-related inflationary parameters $A_s$, $n_s$ and $r$.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phGen.Rel.Grav.(2025)·101 citations
17. 17*

    Proton Structure Functions from Holographic Einstein-Dilaton Models

    Ayrton da Cruz Pereira do Nascimento🇧🇷 · Henrique Boschi-Filho🇧🇷 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We study the proton structure functions $F_1$ and $F_2$ in the context of holography. We develop a general framework that extends previous holographic calculations of $F_1$ and $F_2$ to the case where the bulk geometry stems from bottom-up Einstein-Dilaton models, which are commonly used in the literature to describe some properties of QCD in the strong coupling regime. We focus on a choice of the dilaton potential that leads to a holographic model able to reproduce known lattice QCD results for the glueball masses at zero temperature and pure Yang-Mills thermodynamics above deconfinement. Once the parameters of the background holographic model are fixed, we introduce probe fermionic and gauge fields in the bulk {\it a la} Polchinski and Strassler to determine the corresponding structure functions. This particular realization of the model can successfully describe the proton mass and provide results for $F_2$ at large $x$ in very good agreement with experimental data.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-th3 citations
18. 18*

    Response of Kaluza-Klein mass spectrum to deformations of rugby-ball compact space

    Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Yutaka Sakamura🇯🇵

    We investigate the response of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass spectrum to various deformations of the rugby-ball background in 6-dimensional supergravity. We derived the mode equations that contain the 3-dimensional scale factor and the lapse function. By solving these, we numerically evaluate the KK masses for a bulk scalar and a spinor when the background has a nontrivial dependence on the position in the compact space. We clarify some qualitative features of the spectrum deformation for some perturbations of the rugby-ball background. For perturbations of a supersymmetric background, we find that the mass-splitting between bosonic and fermionic modes is much smaller than the deviation from the values of the supersymmetric mass eigenvalues.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPTEP(2026)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Investigating quarkonium collectivity in heavy-ion collisions

    Victor Valencia Torres🇫🇷

    The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions has exhibited properties of a mostly perfect fluid. These properties can be observed through the hydrodynamic expansion of the QGP. Experimentally, this was established by measuring azimuthal anisotropies in the final state, known as elliptic flow ($v_2$) or higher order harmonics such as triangular flow ($v_3$). These Fourier harmonic coefficients have been extensively measured in past experiments using inclusive charged particles or identified particles in the soft sector. Interestingly, measuring such coefficients using hard probes, such as quarkonia, brings additional information about heavy-quarks production and thermalization in the QGP. In this study, we investigate quarkonia collectivity using Run 3 data collected in 2023, presenting new flow measurements. We employ different experimental methods to extract flow coefficients, including the scalar product, event plane, and cumulant methods. These results will impose new constraints on theoretical models, enhancing our understanding of quarkonia behavior in heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-th2 citations
20. 20*

    Photoproduction of heavy vector mesons in peripheral $PbPb$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

    Pedro E. A. da Costa🇧🇷 · André V. Giannini🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · Bruno D. Moreira🇧🇷

    A comprehensive analysis of the photoproduction of $J/\Psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ mesons in peripheral $PbPb$ collisions at the center - of - mass energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is performed, considering distinct assumptions for the modeling of the nuclear photon flux, photon - nucleus cross - section, overlap function and dipole - proton scattering amplitude. The comparison of these predictions with the ALICE data is also performed. Our results indicate that a detailed analysis of the production of both mesons will be very useful to improve the description of photon - induced processes in peripheral collisions.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·2 citations
21. 21*

    On entanglement c-functions in confining gauge field theories

    Niko Jokela🇫🇮 · Jani Kastikainen🇩🇪 · Carlos Nunez🇬🇧 · José Manuel Penín🇮🇹 · Helime Ruotsalainen🇫🇮 · Javier G. Subils🇳🇱

    Entanglement entropy has proven to be a powerful tool for probing renormalization group (RG) flows in quantum field theories, with c-functions derived from it serving as candidate measures of the effective number of degrees of freedom. While the monotonicity of such c-functions is well established in many settings, notable exceptions occur in theories with a mass scale. In this work, we investigate entanglement c-functions in the context of holographic RG flows, with a particular focus on flows across dimensions induced by circle compactifications. We argue that in spacetime dimensions $d\ge 4$, standard constructions of c-functions, which rely on higher derivatives of the entanglement entropy of either a ball or a cylinder, generically lead to non-monotonic behavior. Working with known dual geometries, we argue that the non-monotonicity stems not from any pathology or curvature singularity, but from a transition in the holographic Ryu--Takayanagi surface. In compactifications from four to three dimensions, we propose a modified construction that restores monotonicity in the infrared, although a fully monotonic ultraviolet extension remains elusive. Furthermore, motivated by entanglement entropy inequalities, we conjecture a bound on the cylinder entanglement c-function, which holds in all our examples.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phJHEP(2025)·18 citations
22. 22*

    Counterpart-Induced Millisecond-Scale Truncation Mechanism of Fast Radio Bursts

    Yutong He · Christoph H. Keitel🇩🇪 · Matteo Tamburini🇩🇪

    The observed millisecond-scale duration is an essential yet mysterious feature of fast radio bursts (FRBs). In this Letter, we link the observed soft gamma-ray counterpart of FRB 200428 to electron-positron pair cascades driven by Compton scattering and the Breit-Wheeler process. We demonstrate that such pair cascades can truncate FRBs to durations down to millisecond-scale, thereby establishing millisecond-scale upper bounds on their durations. The physical processes involved in the truncation mechanism occur during the propagation of FRBs after their production. Consequently, this mechanism is independent of the specific production mechanism or origin of the FRBs, suggesting that it could potentially operate in all FRBs. Our results lift the constraint on FRB production mechanisms that they must inherently generate bursts lasting only milliseconds.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phphysics.plasm-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    A Common Galaxy-Independent Radial Structure of Dark Matter

    P. Steffen🇩🇪

    A galaxy-independent scaled radial coordinate is introduced, extending from the galactic center to the radius where the baryonic acceleration equals $10^{-12}m/s^2$. Using this coordinate, the SPARC galaxies are found to share a common radial structure, resulting in common radial distributions of the enclosed dark-matter mass, the dark-matter density, and the unified velocity. These quantities constitute mathematically equivalent representations of the common radial structure. Consequently, the radial acceleration relation, the approximately flat outer rotation curves, and the BTFR follow directly from the fitted radial dependence of the enclosed dark-matter mass. The enclosed dark-matter mass itself increases linearly with the scaled radius, reaching about seven times the enclosed baryonic mass within the observed SPARC range. The common radial structure reported here is determined from the SPARC sample, because it provides sufficiently accurate rotation curves to determine the radial dark-matter distribution empirically. However, there is presently no observational evidence that the derived common radial structure is unique to the SPARC sample. The common radial structure identified here provides new empirical information about the organization of dark matter in galaxies. Beyond serving as an observational constraint on halo models, it may also help guide the development of a deeper physical understanding of the processes responsible for this organization.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-ph0 citations
24. 24*

    Large-Momentum Effective Theory's Asymptotic Extrapolation vs the Inverse Problem

    Jiunn-Wei Chen🇹🇼 · Xiang Gao🇺🇸 · Jinchen He🇺🇸 · Jun Hua🇨🇳 · Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸 · Andreas Schäfer🇩🇪 · Yushan Su🇺🇸 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳 · Jian-Hui Zhang🇨🇳 · Qi-An Zhang🇨🇳 · Rui Zhang🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸

    Large-Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET) is a physics-guided systematic expansion to calculate light-cone parton distributions, including collinear (PDFs) and transverse-momentum-dependent ones, at any fixed momentum fraction $x$ within a range of $[x_{\min },x_{\max }]$. It theoretically solves the ill-posed inverse problem that afflicts other theoretical approaches to collinear PDFs, such as short-distance factorizations. Recently, arXiv:2504.17706 [1] raised practical concerns about whether current or even future lattice data will have sufficient precision in the sub-asymptotic correlation region to support an error-controlled extrapolation -- and if not, whether it becomes an inverse problem where the relevant uncertainties cannot be properly quantified. While we agree that not all current lattice data have the desired precision to qualify for an asymptotic extrapolation, some calculations do, and more are expected in the future. We comment on the analysis and results in Ref. [1] and argue that a physics-based systematic extrapolation still provides the most reliable error estimates, even when the data quality is not ideal. In contrast, re-framing the long-distance asymptotic extrapolation as a data-driven-only inverse problem with ad hoc mathematical conditioning could lead to unnecessarily conservative errors.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·20 citations
25. 25*

    Left-right splitting of elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions: TRENTo-3D initialization and CLVisc hydrodynamic simulations

    Ze-Fang Jiang🇨🇳 · Xiang Fan · Duan She🇨🇳 · Shasha Ye🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

    Using the TRENTo-3D initial condition model coupled with (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamic simulations, we systematically investigate the left-right splitting of elliptic flow ($\Delta v_2$) for soft particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our study reveals that the final distribution characteristics of $\Delta v_2$ are primarily depend on the odd flow harmonics and $v_2$ itself. We find that the parton transverse momentum scale $k_{\mathrm{T}}$ not only determines the geometric tilt of the QGP fireball but also significantly affects the rapidity dependence of both $v_1$ and $\Delta v_2$, providing new insights into the splitting mechanism of $\Delta v_2$. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that $\Delta v_2(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ exhibits significant sensitivity to influences such as the sub-nucleonic degrees of freedom (or `hotspots'), transverse momentum scale, and fragmentation region profile. By analyzing the $\Delta v_2$ and $\Delta v_2/v_2$ ratio, our findings provide new constraints on the uncertainties of the QGP initial state and provide additional constraints for refining model parameters.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·2 citations
26. 26*

    Interactions of a Continuous-Spin Field with a Spin-1/2 Particle

    Shayarneel Kundu🇺🇸 · Alessandro Russo🇺🇸 · Philip Schuster🇺🇸 · Natalia Toro🇺🇸

    We introduce a formalism for coupling a bosonic Continuous-Spin field to familiar spin-1/2 matter. To do this, we describe the matter using the supersymmetric worldline formalism. We construct currents that are local functions of worldline kinematics, and respect both the worldline supersymmetry and the conservation condition required for consistent couplings to Abelian CSP fields. As the spin Casimir $\rho$ of the CSP vanishes, the interactions reduce to that of familiar QED in one case, and to a Yukawa interaction with a spin-1/2 fermion in another case. Our formalism is applicable to computing deviations from QED if the photon is a CSP, thereby enabling a range of phenomenological studies.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·7 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.