Wed·May 14, 2025Wednesday·May 14, 2025

1. 01*

   Primordial black holes and magnetic fields in conformal neutrino mass models

   Shyam Balaji🇬🇧 · João Gonçalves🇵🇹 · Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · António P. Morais🇵🇹 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪

   Sufficiently strong and long-lasting first-order phase transitions can produce primordial black holes (PBHs) that contribute substantially to the dark matter abundance of the Universe, and can produce large-scale primordial magnetic fields. We study these mechanisms in a generic class of conformal ${\mathrm{U}(1)}^{\prime }$ models that also explain active neutrino oscillation data via the type-I seesaw mechanism. We find that phase transitions that occur at seesaw scales between $10^4$ GeV and $10^{11}$ GeV produce gravitational wave signals (from the dynamics of the phase transition and from the decay of cosmic string loops) at LISA/ET that can be correlated with microlensing signals of PBHs at the Roman Space Telescope, while scales near $10^{11}$ GeV can be correlated with Hawking evaporation signals at future gamma-ray telescopes. LISA can probe the entire range of PBH masses between $1\times 10^{-16}{M}_{\odot }$ and $8\times 10^{-11}{M}_{\odot }$ if PBHs fully account for the dark matter abundance. For Z' masses between 5 TeV and 100 TeV, and $\sim 3$ TeV right-handed neutrinos, helical magnetic fields can be produced with magnitudes $\sim 10^{-16}$-$10^{-13}$ G and coherence lengths $\sim 10^{-4}$-$10^{-2}$ Mpc, above current blazar lower bounds.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJCAP(2025)·9 citations
2. 02*

   Asymptotic grand unification in SO(10) with one extra dimension

   Gao-Xiang Fang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Ye-Ling Zhou🇨🇳

   Asymptotic grand unification provides an alternative approach to gradually unify gauge couplings in the UV limit, where they reach a non-trivial UV fixed point. Using an economical and realistic particle content setup, we demonstrate that asymptotic grand unification can be achieved in a 5D SO(10) model with one extra dimension. The top, bottom and tau masses are split, and the smallness of the neutrino mass is explained via inverse seesaw. One intermediate scale, the Pati-Salam symmetry breaking scale, is included below the compactification scale. Due to the absence of large-dimensional Higgs representations, gauge couplings exhibit asymptotic safety and are thus asymptotically unified, regardless of their initial values. In contrast, Yukawa couplings can achieve asymptotic freedom if the negative gauge contributions dominate over the positive Yukawa terms, requiring exact unification at the compactification scale. The widely-used 126-dimensional Higgs is not recommended in this 5D asymptotic SO(10) GUT, as it tends to drive the gauge beta function positive, compromising asymptotic safety.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·3 citations
3. 03*

   A study on the properties of hidden-charm pentaquarks with double strangeness

   Xuejie Liu🇨🇳 · Yue Tan🇨🇳 · Xiaoyun Chen🇨🇳 · Dianyong Chen🇨🇳 · Hongxia Huang🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳

   Motivated by the LHCb observations of $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ states, we systematically investigate the hidden-charm double-strange pentaquark system ($nssc\bar{c}$) using the resonating group method within the quark delocalization color screening model (QDCSM). By dynamically incorporating channel coupling effects, five resonance states are identified with $J^P=1/2^{-}$ and $3/2^{-}$. Their masses, widths, and dominant decay channels are predicted, providing critical guidance for future experimental searches.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   What can solve the Strong CP problem?

   David E. Kaplan🇺🇸 · Tom Melia🇯🇵 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸

   Three possible strategies have been advocated to solve the strong CP problem. The first is the axion, a dynamical mechanism that relaxes any initial value of the CP violating angle $\bar{\theta }$ to zero. The second is the imposition of new symmetries that are believed to set $\bar{\theta }$ to zero in the UV. The third is the acceptance of the fine tuning of parameters. We argue that the latter two solutions do not solve the strong CP problem. The $\theta$ term of QCD is not a parameter - it does not exist in the Hamiltonian. Rather, it is a property of the quantum state that our universe finds itself in, arising from the fact that there are CP violating states of a CP preserving Hamiltonian. It is not eliminated by imposing parity as a symmetry since the underlying theory is already parity symmetric and that does not preclude the existence of CP violating states. Moreover, since the value of $\theta$ realized in our universe is a consequence of measurement, it is inherently random and cannot be fine tuned by choice of parameters. Rather any fine tuning would require a tuning between parameters in the theory and the random outcome of measurement. Our results considerably strengthen the case for the existence of the axion and axion dark matter. The confusion around $\theta$ arises from the fact that unlike classical mechanics, the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian are not equivalent in quantum mechanics. The Hamiltonian defines the differential time evolution, whereas the Lagrangian is a solution to this evolution. Consequently, initial conditions could in principle appear in the Lagrangian but not in the Hamiltonian. This results in aspects of the initial condition such as $\theta$ misleadingly appearing in the Lagrangian as parameters. We comment on the similarity between the $\theta$ vacua and the violations of the constraint equations of classical gauge theories in quantum mechanics.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·19 citations
5. 05*

   Radiative $\mu -\tau$ Corrections and Renormalization of Neutrino Mass Operators in Type II Seesaw Models

   Gayatri Ghosh🇮🇳

   We explore the impact of radiative $\mu -\tau$ corrections on the renormalization of neutrino mass operators in the Type II Seesaw framework, incorporating both dimension-five and dimension-six operators. Using renormalization group equations (RGE), we analyze the evolution of flavor coupling matrices and their deviations from $\mu -\tau$ symmetric configurations due to quantum corrections. Given the stringent constraints from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on the triplet scalar masses and couplings, we examine how these bounds influence the viability of $\mu -\tau$ symmetric seesaw models. Our analysis highlights the interplay between high-scale $\mu -\tau$ symmetry predictions and low-scale phenomenology, revealing whether radiative corrections remain within experimentally allowed limits.

   hep-ph0 citations
6. 06*

   Anisotropic fluctuations of momentum and angular momentum of heavy quarks in the pre-equilibrium stage of pA collisions at the LHC

   Gabriele Parisi🇮🇹 · Vincenzo Greco🇮🇹 · Marco Ruggieri🇮🇹

   We simulate the real-time evolution of the $SU(3)$-glasma generated in the early stages of high-energy proton-nucleus collisions, employing classical lattice gauge theory techniques. Our setup incorporates a realistic modeling of the proton's internal structure and includes longitudinal fluctuations in the initial state, enabling the study of genuinely non-boost-invariant collision dynamics. Focusing on the momentum and angular momentum anisotropies of heavy quarks in the infinite mass limit, we find that the system retains significant anisotropy well beyond the characteristic timescale $\tau =1/Q_s$. This persistence of anisotropy is further confirmed in the more realistic, non-boost-invariant scenario, across a range of fluctuation amplitudes. These findings pave the way for future investigations involving dynamical heavy quarks and more quantitative initializations of the glasma.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Emerging axion detection in artificial magnetoelectric materials

   Runyu Lei🇨🇳 · Chen-Hui Xie🇨🇳 · Jiayi Liu🇨🇳 · Zhong Liu🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Yu Gao🇨🇳 · Sichun Sun🇨🇳 · Jinxing Zhang🇨🇳

   Axions are considered a key component of dark matter, characterized by very weak couplings to fermions and Chern-Simons couplings to gauge fields. We propose a novel detection mechanism based on symmetry-breaking magnetoelectric materials with a linear axionic coupling between magnetization and ferroelectric polarization. The focus is on a strain gradient Sr2IrO4 film, where the breaking of space-inversion symmetry results in an emergent polar phase and an out-of-plane magnetic moment, exhibiting a flexomagnetoelectric effect. In this material, the linear P||M enables a direct coupling between the external axion field and the intrinsic axion-like field, which amplifies the weak electromagnetic signals induced by axions, paving the way for pioneering axion detection. In contrast to conventional detection techniques, this mechanism is expected to enhance the sensitivity of the axion-electron and axion-photon coupling, providing a novel platform for axion detection and advancing the study of dark matter through the magnetoelectric effect.

   hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el+1Annalen Phys.(2025)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Power corrections in the determination of heavy meson LCDAs: A renormalon-based estimation

   Tu Guo🇨🇳 · Chao Han🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Jialu Zhang🇨🇳

   At leading power accuracy the QCD light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) for a heavy meson can be matched onto the LCDAs in the framework of heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) through a factorization formula. We examine the power corrections to this factorization in the renormalon model, which can associate the power corrections originating from high-twist contributions to the divergent series in a matching kernel. Our analysis indicates that the dominant power corrections originate from the virtual part of the vertex bubble chain diagrams, which generate poles at $w=n+\frac{1}{2},\forall n\in \mathbb{N}$ and $w=1$ in the Borel plane. Employing phenomenological models for both HQET and QCD LCDA, we present a numerical estimate. The results indicate that the power corrections in the peak region are approximately $22\%$ for the D meson and $7\%$ for the $\overline{\mathrm{B}}$ meson. These findings showcase the magnitude and the potential importance of power corrections in achieving high-precision phenomenological predictions for heavy mesons.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·8 citations
9. 09*

   Constraints on light scalars in the Aligned-two-Higgs-doublet model

   V. Miralles🇬🇧 · A. M. Coutinho🇪🇸 · A. Karan🇪🇸 · A. Pich🇪🇸

   In this work, we explore the viability of light-scalar scenarios within the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-conserving, flavour-aligned two-Higgs-doublet model (A2HDM), where at least one additional neutral or charged scalar is assumed to be lighter than the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The A2HDM naturally avoids flavour-changing neutral currents via Yukawa alignment, providing a more flexible framework than conventional $Z_2$-symmetric models. Employing the $\text{HEPfit}$ package within a Bayesian statistical approach, we perform global fits across all distinct light-scalar configurations, incorporating theoretical requirements and experimental constraints from electroweak precision observables, flavour data, Higgs measurements, and direct searches at the LEP and the LHC.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
10. 10*

    $\mathcal{P}$, $\mathcal{T}$-violating axion-mediated interactions in RaOH molecule

    Anna Zakharova🇷🇺

    If axion simultaneously has the scalar couplings to the nucleons and pseudo-scalar couplings to the electrons, it may mediate a $\mathcal{P}$, $\mathcal{T}$-violating interaction between the electronic shell and nuclei in the molecules. The polyatomic molecule RaOH, which is considered as a promising platform for the $\mathcal{P}$, $\mathcal{T}$ violation searches, is studied for its sensitivity to such interactions. Due to the long-range nature (on molecular scales) of the axion-mediated interaction, it is important whether the enhancement parameter would be sensitive to the vibration of the molecule. Our results imply that the impact of the vibrations on the axion-mediated electron-nucleon interaction in the molecule is similar to the impact on the short-range electron-nucleon scalar-pseudoscalar interaction studied earlier.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phquant-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
11. 11*

    Electroweak hierarchy from conformal and custodial symmetry -- "Custodial Naturalness"

    Andreas Trautner🇵🇹

    I introduce the idea of "Custodial Naturalness" to explain the origin of the electroweak (EW) scale hierarchy. Custodial Naturalness is based on classical scale invariance as well as an extension of the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector custodial symmetry. In a minimal realization, this requires a single new complex scalar field charged under a new U(1) gauge symmetry, which partially overlaps with $B-L$. Classical scale invariance and the high-scale scalar sector SO(6) custodial symmetry are radiatively broken by quantum effects that generate a new intermediate scale by dimensional transmutation. The little hierarchy problem is solved because the Higgs boson arises as pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) of the spontaneously broken SO(6) custodial symmetry. The minimal realization of Custodial Naturalness has the same number of parameters as the SM and predicts testable new physics in the form of a heavy $Z^{\prime }$ as well as a light but close-to invisible dilaton.

    hep-ph0 citations
12. 12*

    Exploring Scotogenic Parameter Spaces and Mapping Uncharted Dark Matter Phenomenology with Multi-Objective Search Algorithms

    Fernando Abreu de Souza🇵🇹 · Nuno Filipe Castro🇵🇹 · Miguel Crispim Romão🇬🇧 · Werner Porod🇩🇪

    We present a novel artificial intelligence approach to explore beyond Standard Model parameter spaces by leveraging a multi-objective optimisation algorithm. We apply this methodology to a non-minimal scotogenic model which is constrained by Higgs mass, anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, dark matter relic density, dark matter direct detection, neutrino masses and mixing, and lepton flavour violating processes. Our results successfully expand on the phenomenological realisations presented in previous work. We compare between multi- and single-objective algorithms and we observe more phenomenologically diverse solutions and an improved search capacity coming from the former. We use novelty detection to further explore sparsely populated regions of phenomenological interest. These results suggest a powerful search strategy that combines the global exploration of multi-objective optimisation with the exploitation of single-objective optimisation.

    hep-phphysics.comp-phphysics.data-anJHEP(2025)·14 citations
13. 13*

    The Migdal effect in solid crystals and the role of non-adiabaticity

    Angelo Esposito🇮🇹 · Andrea Rocchi🇮🇹

    We systematically apply the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to show that the Migdal effect in a solid crystal is entirely due to non-adiabatic effects, namely the deviation of the wave function from exact factorization of the electronic and nuclear contributions. The matrix element obtained this way matches exactly the result found by means of a previously derived low energy effective theory.

    hep-phcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.otherPRD(2025)·8 citations
14. 14*

    A High-Quality Composite Pati-Salam Axion

    Tony Gherghetta🇺🇸 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸 · Pablo Quílez🇺🇸

    We present a composite QCD axion model where the Peccei--Quinn (PQ) symmetry emerges as a high-quality, accidental symmetry. The axion potential is only modified by eight-fermion, dimension 12 operators, which if present at the Planck scale, allow for axion dark matter from misalignment while solving the strong CP problem. The model is an $\text{SU}(N_c)$ gauge theory with ten flavors where the Pati--Salam unified subgroup $\text{SO}(6)\times \text{SO}(4)\subset \text{SU}(10{)}_L$ and $\text{Sp}(10)\subset \text{SU}(10{)}_R$ are weakly gauged. The dynamics breaks $\text{SU}(10{)}_L\times \text{SU}(10{)}_R\to \text{SU}(10{)}_V$ and the weakly-gauged groups to $\text{U}(3)\times \text{U}(2)\supset \text{SU}(3{)}_c\times \text{SU}(2{)}_L\times \text{U}(1{)}_Y$, with the QCD axion identified as one of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons. This axion has a relatively large coupling to photons while a residual ${\bar{\theta }}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ may be just below the current limit on the neutron electric dipole moment. If the dimension 12 operators are present near the GUT scale, they can cause domain wall networks to decay, allowing for axion dark matter even for the post-inflationary scenario.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·19 citations
15. 15*

    Full-Spectrum Analysis of Gravitational Wave Production from Inflation to Reheating

    Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳 · Yong Xu🇩🇪 · Qiqin Yin🇨🇳 · Junyu Zhu🇨🇳

    In this work, we systematically study gravitational wave (GW) production during both the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. While inflationary GWs can be readily derived from tensor perturbations during inflation, post-inflationary GWs arise from a variety of processes during reheating and require detailed treatment for quantitative analysis. We consider four distinct production channels: $(i)$ pure inflaton annihilation, $(ii)$ graviton bremsstrahlung from inflaton decay, $(iii)$ radiation-catalyzed inflaton-graviton conversion, and $(iv)$ scattering among fully thermalized radiation particles. For each channel, we solve the corresponding Boltzmann equation to obtain the GW spectrum and derive a simple yet accurate analytical expression for it. By employing a consistent treatment of all production channels, our analysis yields for the first time the full spectrum of GWs produced during the inflationary and post-inflationary epochs. We find that, while inflationary GWs dominate at low frequencies, post-inflationary processes generally produce high-frequency GWs with considerably high energy densities that may significantly exceed that of inflationary GWs.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2025)·25 citations
16. 16*

    Electron-Ion Collider as a Discovery Tool for Invisible Dark Bosons

    Hooman Davoudiasl🇺🇸 · Hongkai Liu🇺🇸

    We illustrate how the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) can be used to discover dark bosons with masses in the $\sim$ (10~MeV -- 10~GeV) regime, having a wide range of properties. We only require that the dark bosons have a non-negligible weak coupling to electrons and decay with $\text{ord}1$ branching fraction into invisible final states. Our signal selection takes advantage of the excellent electron beam kinematic measurements and the capability to tag incoherent scattering, as envisioned at the EIC. This makes the EIC a powerful tool for uncovering potential dark sector forces, for a variety of possibilities.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
17. 17*

    Impact of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 for Early Dark Energy and the Hubble tension

    Vivian Poulin🇫🇷 · Tristan L. Smith🇺🇸 · Rodrigo Calderón🇨🇿 · Théo Simon🇫🇷

    The data release six of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT DR6) and the second data release from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI DR2) recently became available. In light of these data, we update constraints on the Early Dark Energy (EDE) resolution to the Hubble tension. While ACT DR6 does not favor EDE over the core cosmological model $\Lambda$CDM, it allows for a significantly larger maximum contribution of EDE, $f_{\mathrm{EDE}}$, in the pre-recombination era than the latest analysis of {\it Planck} NPIPE despite increased precision at small angular scales. Moreover, EDE rises the value of $H_0{r}_s$, improving consistency between CMB and DESI DR2 data. We find a residual tension with SH0ES of $\sim 2\sigma$ for the combination of {\it Planck} at $\ell <1000$ + ACT DR6 + lensing + Pantheon-plus + DESI DR2, a significant decrease from $3.7\sigma$ for analyses that use NPIPE and SDSS BAO data. A profile likelihood analysis reveals significant prior-volume effects in Bayesian analyses which do not include SH$0$ES, with confidence intervals of $f_{\mathrm{EDE}}=0.09\pm 0.03$ and $H_0=71.0\pm 1.1$ km/s/Mpc. When including DESI data, the EDE model with $H_0=73$ km/s/Mpc provides a better fit than the $\Lambda$CDM model with $H_0=68.4$ km/s/Mpc. The inclusion of SH$0$ES data rises the preference well above $5\sigma$, with $\Delta {\chi }^2=-35.4$. Our work demonstrates that after ACT DR6 and DESI DR2, EDE remains a potential resolution to the Hubble tension.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·58 citations
18. 18*

    Quintessence Dark Matter

    Deng Wang🇪🇸

    Recently, we give the robust $\sim 2\sigma$ evidences of dynamical dark matter and beyond $2\sigma$ signals of the coexistence of dynamical dark matter and dynamical dark energy using current cosmological observations [1]. Here we propose the quintessence dark matter model to explain the evolution of dark matter over time on cosmic scales. Interestingly, we find that the exponential quintessence is likely the origin of such an evolution.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph3 citations
19. 19*

    Observational tests for a class of scalar-tensor gravity

    Kunio Kaneta🇯🇵 · Kin-ya Oda🇯🇵 · Motohiko Yoshimura🇯🇵

    We study observational bounds in a class of scalar-tensor gravity theories recently proposed. Either an upper or lower bound on a conformal factor in these theories is derived from null observation in composition dependent fifth force search, microscope mission. The important case of a lower bound implies that future improved observations have chances of verifying this class of theories. Future prospect for a particular type of observation is mentioned. The considered class of scalar-tensor gravity was shown elsewhere to explain the conversion of inflationary early phase to late time quintessence type dark energy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph0 citations
20. 20*

    Graviton-photon conversion in blazar jets as a probe of high-frequency gravitational waves

    Himeka Matsuo🇯🇵 · Asuka Ito🇯🇵

    We study graviton-photon conversion in the magnetic fields of a blazar jet and explore the possibility of detecting high-frequency gravitational waves through blazar observations. We calculate the conversion rate using the magnetic field configurations of leptonic, lepto-hadronic, and hadronic one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models for the blazar jet of Mrk 501. By requiring that the photon flux produced within the blazar jet does not exceed the observed flux of Mrk 501, we derive conservative constraints on the abundance of stochastic gravitational waves. We find that, for all three models considered, the resulting limits can be more stringent than previous constraints in the frequency range from $10^8$ Hz to $10^{15}$ Hz.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·10 citations
21. 21*

    A novel view of the flavor-singlet spectrum from multi-flavor QCD on the lattice

    Yasumichi Aoki🇯🇵 · Tatsumi Aoyama🇯🇵 · Ed Bennett🇬🇧 · Toshihide Maskawa🇯🇵 · Kohtaroh Miura🇯🇵 · Hiroshi Ohki🇯🇵 · Enrico Rinaldi🇯🇵 · Akihiro Shibata🇯🇵 · Koichi Yamawaki🇯🇵 · Takeshi Yamazaki (the LatKMI Collaboration)🇯🇵

    SU(3) gauge theories with increasing number of light fermions are the templates of strongly interacting sectors and studying their low-energy dynamics and spectrum is important, both for understanding the strong dynamics of QCD itself, but also for discovering viable UV completions of beyond the Standard Model physics. In order to contrast many-flavors strongly interacting theories with QCD on a quantitative footing, we use Lattice Field Theory simulations. We focus on the study of the flavor-singlet spectrum in the scalar and pseudoscalar channels: this is an interesting probe of the dynamics of the strongly interacting sector, as reminded by the QCD case with the $f_0(500)$ ($\sigma$) and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons. The hierarchy of the spectrum of a strongly coupled new gauge sector of the Standard Model defines the potential reach of future colliders for new physics discoveries. In addition to a novel hierarchy with light scalars, introducing many light flavors at fixed number of colors can influence the dynamics of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar. We present a complete lattice study of both these flavor-singlet channels on high-statistics gauge ensembles generated by the LatKMI collaboration with 4, 8, and 12 copies of light mass-degenerate fermions. We also present other hadron masses on the lightest ensemble for $N_f=8$ generated by the LatKMI collaboration and discuss the chiral extrapolation of the spectrum in this particular theory. We contrast the results to $N_f=4$ simulations and previous results of $N_f=12$ simulations.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·9 citations
22. 22*

    Contrastive Normalizing Flows for Uncertainty-Aware Parameter Estimation

    Ibrahim Elsharkawy🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇨🇦

    Estimating physical parameters from data is a crucial application of machine learning (ML) in the physical sciences. However, systematic uncertainties, such as detector miscalibration, induce data distribution distortions that can erode statistical precision. In both high-energy physics (HEP) and broader ML contexts, achieving uncertainty-aware parameter estimation under these domain shifts remains an open problem. In this work, we address this challenge of uncertainty-aware parameter estimation for a broad set of tasks critical for HEP. We introduce a novel approach based on Contrastive Normalizing Flows (CNFs), which achieves top performance on the HiggsML Uncertainty Challenge dataset. Building on the insight that a binary classifier can approximate the model parameter likelihood ratio, we address the practical limitations of expressivity and the high cost of simulating high-dimensional parameter grids by embedding data and parameters in a learned CNF mapping. This mapping yields a tunable contrastive distribution that enables robust classification under shifted data distributions. Through a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical evaluations, we demonstrate that CNFs, when coupled with a classifier and established frequentist techniques, provide principled parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification through classification that is robust to data distribution distortions.

    ↳ physics.data-ancs.LGhep-exhep-ph9 citations
23. 23*

    Leptoquark searches at ATLAS and CMS

    Izaak Neutelings (for the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations)

    An overview of searches for leptoquarks in proton-proton collisions at ATLAS and CMS are presented, with a focus on results from the Run-2 dataset collected between 2016 and 2018 at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $137-140{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. In particular, recent results are highlighted.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph1 citation
24. 24*

    Non-factorizable Superamplitudes for Massive N = 1 Superstates

    Antonio Delgado🇺🇸 · Adam Martin🇺🇸 · Runqing Wang🇺🇸

    In this paper we study non-factorizable N = 1 superamplitudes for massive chiral superstates. We demonstrate how little group scaling and the supersymmetric Ward identities determine the form of non-factorizable massless superamplitudes, then extrapolate to massive superamplitudes by requiring they reduce to the massless form when we send all masses to zero. This technique does not depend on whether or not the superstates are self-conjugate (so that the fermionic components are either Dirac or Majorana) or whether the superamplitude is dressed with a form-factor.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Kination-like Era Driven by the Effective Inflaton/Higgs Potential

    Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Arnab Paul🇮🇳

    Based on the minimal $U(1{)}_X$ extended Standard Model, we explore cosmic inflation where the $U(1{)}_X$ Higgs field serves as the inflaton. We demonstrate that a stiff era with an equation of state $w>1/3$ can emerge during the inflaton's oscillatory phase after inflation, driven by the Coleman-Weinberg potential of the inflaton, arising due to radiative corrections. This leads to significant modulation and enhancement of the irreducible stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background from inflation, deviating from the conventional scale-invariant spectrum. Such a distinct GW spectrum could be detectable by next-generation GW interferometer missions, such as U-DECIGO. In our framework, the GW spectrum depends on the $U(1{)}_X$ gauge coupling and the mass of the $U(1{)}_X$ gauge boson ($Z^{\prime }$). As a result, future GW observations and $Z^{\prime }$ boson resonance searches at high-energy collider experiments are complementary to one another.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
26. 26*

    Remembering Alexei Starobinsky -- the gentle giant of cosmology

    Varun Sahni🇮🇳

    I share fond memories of my former PhD advisor Alexei Starobinsky with whom I was closely associated for nearly 45 years. I reflect upon my early years in Moscow when I worked with him on my thesis, and touch upon the seminal work on inflation which he did during that period. Alexei visited India often and actively interacted with Indian scientists and students on issues relating to inflation, large scale structure and dark energy. This extensive collaboration, which lasted several decades, resulted in the publication of over a dozen important papers, several PhD's, and the development of the Statefinder and Om diagnostics, which I briefly discuss.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.