Wed·May 7, 2025Wednesday·May 7, 2025

1. 01*

   Constraining the Coexistence of Freeze-in Dark Matter and Primordial Black Holes

   Prolay Chanda🇮🇳 · Sagnik Mukherjee🇺🇸 · James Unwin🇺🇸

   Particle dark matter and primordial black holes (PBH) might coexist with appreciable cosmic abundances, with both contributing to the observed dark matter density ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}$. Large populations of PBH (with ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim {\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}$) are tightly constrained for PBH heavier than $10^{-11}{M}_{\odot }$. However, large fractional abundances with $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}\simeq {\Omega }_{\mathrm{PBH}}/{\Omega }_{\mathrm{DM}}\sim 0.01$ are consistent with the limits on PBH for a wide range of PBH masses. Scenarios with significant populations of both particle dark matter and PBH are intriguing. Notably, if the particle dark matter has interactions with the Standard Model, new constraints arise due to pair-annihilations that are enhanced by the PBHs, resulting in dark matter indirect detection constraints on $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$. Here we derive the bounds on mixed scenarios in which PBHs coexist with particle dark matter whose relic abundance is set via freeze-in (``FIMPs''). We show that while the restrictions on $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$ are less constraining for FIMPs than WIMPs, modest bounds still arise for large classes of models. We examine both IR and UV freeze-in scenarios, including the case of ``superheavy'' particle dark matter with PeV scale mass.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2025)·4 citations
2. 02*

   Large One-Loop Effects of BSM Triple Higgs Couplings on Double Higgs Production at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders

   F. Arco🇩🇪 · S. Heinemeyer🇪🇸 · M. Mühlleitner🇩🇪

   The measurement of the Higgs boson self-coupling is crucial for our understanding of the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking and potential physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this work, we study in the framework of the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) the impact of one-loop corrections to triple Higgs couplings (THCs) on the pair production of two Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs bosons $h$ at future high-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders, focusing on the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to Zhh$ process. By including the one-loop corrections to the THCs relevant for this process, i.e. the coupling between three SM-like Higgs bosons, ${\lambda }_{hhh}$, and between the non-SM-like Higgs $H$, assumed to be heavier, and two SM-like Higgs bosons, ${\lambda }_{hhH}$, we account for the leading one-loop corrections to the di-Higgs production cross section. We show that the one-loop corrected THC ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ can be enhanced up to nearly six times its SM value, which substantially enhances the di-Higgs production cross section w.r.t. the tree-level prediction, even in the alignment limit. On the other hand, one-loop corrections to ${\lambda }_{hhH}$ can also enhance its value, potentially yielding to more prominent heavy Higgs $H$ resonant production. We explore the sensitivity to the loop-corrected ${\lambda }_{hhh}$ and the possible access to ${\lambda }_{hhH}$ via the $H$ resonant peak at a future high-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider, such as the ILC. We highlight the fact that including the one-loop corrected THCs can enhance the sensitivity to the $H$ resonant peak, and therefore to ${\lambda }_{hhH}$. Finally, we discuss the required experimental precision at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders necessary to achieve these sensitivities.

   hep-phJHEP(2026)·14 citations
3. 03*

   Holography and charmonium structure in a finite density plasma

   Nelson R. F. Braga🇧🇷 · William S. Cunha🇧🇷 · Yan F. Ferreira🇧🇷

   It has recently been proposed that the extra dimension in holographic models for charmoniun is related to its internal structure. Representing the interaction between the quark anti-quark pair by a string inside the background used in these models, the linear term of the Cornell potential was obtained. More than that, the dissociation in the thermal medium is also described in a consistent way. Here we extend this study to the case of a plasma with finite density. The combined effects of density and temperature are analyzed from the point of view of quark anti-quark interaction and the results obtained are consistent with the ones derived previously using spectral functions.

   hep-phhep-thPLB(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Matter-antimatter asymmetry in minimal inverse seesaw framework with $A_4$ modular symmetry

   Gourab Pathak🇮🇳 · Mrinal Kumar Das🇮🇳

   We propose a minimal inverse seesaw framework based on $A_4$ modular symmetry. We have studied the neutrino oscillation parameters in our work and our model excludes some $3\sigma$ values of the mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$. Also, there is a clear linear relation between the mixing angles ${\theta }_{12}$ and ${\theta }_{23}$ found in the allowed $3\sigma$ region. We also examine whether the parameter points consistent with neutrino oscillation data simultaneously comply with the experimental limits on lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays, specifically: $\mu ⟶e\gamma$, $\tau ⟶e\gamma$, and $\tau ⟶\mu \gamma$. We have also investigated the matter-antimatter asymmetry of our universe via the resonant leptogenesis mechanism. Here, we present the contribution of lepton number conserving scattering processes mediated by the $Z^{\prime }$ boson in the context of leptogenesis.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2026)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Higgs-like inflation under ACTivated mass

   Wen Yin🇯🇵

   Recent analyses that combine the latest data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) with cosmic microwave background observations by BICEP/Keck and Planck, together with the DESI baryon acoustic-baryonic-oscillation (BAO) measurements, have tightened the limits on inflationary scenarios. The joint data set yields a spectral index of primordial scalar perturbations $n_s=0.9743\pm 0.0034$ and an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r<0.038$. This slight upward shift in $n_s$ puts the previously favored Starobinsky model, and the conventional metric Higgs(-like) inflation--based on a quartic potential with a large non-minimal coupling in the Jordan frame--under tension with observations. In metric Higgs-like inflation the attractor behavior makes the predictions remarkably stable against higher-order operators, so modifying $n_s$ through such terms is difficult. In this paper, I show that adding a quadratic mass term to the Jordan-frame potential can raise $n_s$ and restore compatibility with the new data. I also discuss how this mass term can naturally arise from threshold effects in Higgs inflation.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2025)·52 citations
6. 06*

   Study of octupole deformations in Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV

   Saraswati Pandey🇮🇳 · B.K. Singh🇮🇳

   In this letter, we present the study of the role of octupole deformation in non-spherical nuclei in most-central Pb--Pb collisions at the LHC energy regime. The sensitivity of octupole deformation ${\beta }_3$ to the QGP observables is presented by employing the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model. Motivated by the discrepancies in the $v_2$-to-$v_3$ puzzle found in Pb--Pb collisions and the low-energy nuclear structure calculations of nuclear deformation, we studied the first basic observables necessary for any study in heavy-ion collisions. Using the HYDJET++ framework, we calculate the pseudorapidity distribution, transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) spectra, and average anisotropic flow ($v_2$ and $v_3$) of primary charged hadrons with different parameters in two geometrical configurations: body-body and tip-tip types of Pb--Pb collisions. The kinematic ranges $0<p_{\mathrm{T}}<20\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $|\eta |<0.8$ are considered. We observe that the charged hadron multiplicity and transverse momentum spectra are dependent on the strength of the octupole deformation parameter. The $⟨v_2⟩$ and $⟨v_3⟩$ in body-body collisions show a weak positive correlation with ${\beta }_3$, while the average anisotropic flow in tip-tip collisions is weakly correlated with ${\beta }_3$ in the most-central collision region.

   hep-phnucl-thPLB(2024)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Hidden valley scenario sensitivity in the CMS muon endcap detector

   Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Joshua Lockyer🇦🇹 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹

   We study the sensitivity of the CMS search to displaced showers arising from the decays of long-lived particles in the muon system, within the framework of Hidden Valley scenarios. To establish our simulation setup, we employ a parameterization of Hidden Valley theory space and adopt a hybrid strategy where the lifetime is treated as a free parameter to provide model-independent Hidden Valley quark production cross-section upper limits. Our results indicate that the CMS search is broadly sensitive to variations in Hidden Valley parameters such as the overall scale and relevant mass ratios, while showing comparatively weak dependence on the number of Hidden Valley colors or flavors. The exact quantitative results we derive depend on the underlying hadronization model employed and thus, we urge caution in interpreting the results. Within these limitations, we also establish model-dependent limits on the maximum strength of the mediator coupling to Hidden Valley quarks. Our approach illustrates how one can move beyond simplified model strategies by employing a first-principles-inspired theory setup, while highlighting the theoretical uncertainties inherent in modeling Hidden Valley phenomenology.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·10 citations
8. 08*

   Axion effects on the non-radial oscillations of neutron stars

   Deepak Kumar🇮🇳 · Hiranmaya Mishra🇮🇳

   The effects of axions on quark matter equation of state (EOS) is studied within the three flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model and its effects on on the non-radial oscillations of neutron stars is investigated. Using such an EOS for quark matter with axions and a EOS for hadronic matter within the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, we discuss the hadron-quark phase transition (HQPT) using the Gibbs construction. The EOS so obtained is used to investigate the structure of hybrid neutron star (NS)s. It is found that the presence of axions in the core of compact stars stabilizes hybrid NSs in agreement with modern astrophysical constraints. It is further observed that the quadrupolar fundamental modes ($f$-modes) for such hybrid NSs get substantial enhancements both due to a larger quark core in the presence of axions and from the hyperons as compared to a canonical nucleonic neutron stars.

   hep-phastro-ph.HESpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Particle decay as asymptotic narrow parametric resonance

   Shao-Ping Li🇯🇵

   Parametric resonance can produce particles from oscillating scalar field, where an exponential growth of the particle number density can be developed. While it has been noticed that stimulated decay in Boltzmann equations exhibits similar parametric dependence of the exponential growth, it is not quantitatively clear yet under what circumstance can the two phenomena reconcile. We demonstrate that trilinear particle interaction in the Boltzmann equation can provide a good approximation to describe the distribution function and the number density in the asymptotic regime of narrow parametric resonance. We find that the crucial treatment leading to the quantitative agreement is a proper Gaussian simulation of the momentum spread inherited from nonrelativistic particle decay. With the simple particle picture, the analytic Boltzmann approximation can be applied to explosive photon production from axions/axion-like particles and to dark matter production from oscillating fields.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Relaxing constraints on a broad dark photon

    J. R. Felix🇦🇺 · A. W. Thomas🇦🇺 · X.G. Wang🇦🇺

    We revisit the exclusion constraints on the parameters of a narrow dark photon set by direct experimental searches. We investigate how a dark photon with a larger decay width impacts these limits, in particular, in the case where the dark photon also decays into light dark matter. As an example, taking the upper limits on the mixing parameter, $ϵ$, reported by the CMS collaboration, we find that they could be significantly relaxed. Indeed, even a very modest coupling of the dark photon to dark matter can lead to an increase in the bound on the mixing parameter by an order of magnitude.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    IAFormer: Interaction-Aware Transformer network for collider data analysis

    W. Esmail🇩🇪 · A. Hammad🇯🇵 · M. Nojiri🇯🇵

    In this paper, we introduce \texttt{IAFormer}, a novel Transformer-based architecture that efficiently integrates pairwise particle interactions through a dynamic sparse attention mechanism. \texttt{IAFormer} has two new mechanisms within the model. First, the attention matrix depends on predefined boost invariant pairwise quantities, reducing the network parameters significantly from the original particle transformer models. Second, \texttt{IAFormer} incorporates the sparse attention mechanism by utilizing the "differential attention", so that it can dynamically prioritize relevant particle tokens while reducing computational overhead associated with less informative ones. This approach significantly lowers the model complexity without compromising performance. Despite being computationally efficient by more than an order of magnitude than the Particle Transformer network, \texttt{IAFormer} achieves state-of-the-art performance in classification tasks on the top and quark-gluon datasets. Furthermore, we employ AI interpretability techniques, verifying that the model effectively captures physically meaningful information layer by layer through its sparse attention mechanism, building an efficient network output that is resistant to statistical fluctuations. \texttt{IAFormer} highlights the need for sparse attention in Transformer analysis to reduce the network size while improving its performance.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2026)·12 citations
12. 12*

    Study of Heavy Hadron Production in Au + Au Collisions at a Center-of-Mass Energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV

    Sunidhi Saxena🇮🇳 · Rajiv Gupta🇮🇳 · Gauri Devi🇮🇳 · Ajay Kumar🇮🇳

    Using the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model, the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of heavy hadrons ($D^0$, ${\overline{D}}^0$, $D^{+}$, $D^{-}$ and ${\Lambda }_c$), as well as the nuclear modification factors of $D^0$ and $D^{\pm }$, produced in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV RHIC energy across various centrality bins, are presented. This study is motivated by the need to understand the centrality dependence of the charm enhancement factor (${\gamma }_c$) and the roles of different hadronization mechanisms such as coalescence and fragmentation, in charm hadron production. To achieve the best description of heavy hadron production, several input parameters in both the soft and hard components of the model are tuned. The study finds a decreasing trend of ${\gamma }_c$ from central to peripheral collisions and a mass dependence across charm hadrons. Moreover, the model effectively reproduces experimental data of $p_T$ spectra at low and intermediate $p_T$, capturing key features of charm hadron production in the quark-gluon plasma medium. However, it overpredicts the data at high $p_T$, indicating the need for improvements in modeling heavy quark energy loss mechanisms. Further, the nuclear modification factors ($R_{AA}$ and $R_{CP}$) for $D^0$ mesons exhibit significant suppression in central collisions, which matches with experimental observations. This highlights the roles of collisional and radiative energy loss due to collective effects, such as coalescence and radial flow. The antiparticle-to-particle and mixed particle ratios are also presented, showing good agreement with experimental data and revealing limitations in baryon production due to the absence of heavy quark coalescence in HYDJET++.

    hep-phPRC(2026)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Electromagnetic form factors of ${\Omega }^{-}$ with the meson cloud in the spacelike and timelike regions

    Dongyan Fu🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳 · Yubing Dong🇨🇳

    We present comprehensive calculations of the electromagnetic form factors, including the charge, magnetic-dipole, electric-quadrupole and magnetic-octupole form factors, of the ${\Omega }^{-}$ in the spacelike region using the quark-diquark approach, incorporating the effect of the meson cloud. The obtained magnetic moment is in agreement with the experimental measurement and the electromagnetic radii are comparable with other model calculations. It is found that the meson cloud effect remains almost unchanged as the energy becomes high and this feature implies that the meson cloud should be considered in all the energy region. Moreover, the asymptotic relations allow us to extend the electromagnetic form factors from the spacelike region to the timelike region, and then the effective form factor is almost identical with the data from CLEO and BESIII. Finally, polarization properties of the final state ${\Omega }^{-}$ in the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Omega }^{-}{\bar{\Omega }}^{+}$ process with the unpolarized initial states are also investigated.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·3 citations
14. 14*

    Forward-backward correlations: A probe to study dynamical fluctuations

    Somen Gope🇮🇳 · Supriya Das🇮🇳 · Saikat Biswas🇮🇳

    The source of the fluctuations in the final state particles is the initial event-by-event fluctuation in energy density. Forward-Backward (F-B) correlation is one of the important probes to study such fluctuations. The results of F-B correlation are available in a wide range of energy, from STAR of RHIC to ALICE of LHC. It will be more interesting to study the dynamical fluctuation using F-B correlation at SIS100 energy too. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the F-B correlation in UrQMD-hydro generated data for 10 AGeV Au+Au collisions.

    hep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2026)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Implications of Recent Experimental & Theoretical Results on Electroweak Precision Tests

    Jens Erler🇩🇪

    I review the results of a recent global fit to electroweak precision data. Particular attention is devoted to the landscape of determinations of the weak mixing angle, recent results on basic properties of the electroweak gauge bosons, and the implications of vacuum polarization on the scale dependences of the electromagnetic coupling and the weak mixing angle, as well as the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
16. 16*

    Analytical solution for QCD $\otimes$ QED evolution

    Daniel de Florian🇦🇷 · Lucas Palma Conte🇦🇷

    We present an analytical solution for the evolution of parton distributions incorporating mixed-order QCD $\otimes$ QED corrections, addressing both polarized and unpolarized cases. Using the Altarelli-Parisi kernels extended to mixed order, we solve the DGLAP equations exactly in Mellin $N$-space and derive the associated Wilson coefficients for the polarized structure function $g_1$. Our analytical approach improves computational efficiency and enhances the precision of theoretical predictions in observables sensitive to QED corrections, with relevance for current and future phenomenological applications.

    hep-phhep-thEPJC(2026)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Cosmic strings and domain walls of the QCD quark condensate with and without a hidden axion

    Gia Dvali🇩🇪 · Lucy Komisel🇩🇪 · Anja Stuhlfauth🇩🇪

    The chiral quark condensate of QCD, which spontaneously breaks the anomalous axial symmetry, gives rise to axionic type global string-wall systems. If a Peccei-Quinn type axion exists in the theory, the axionic strings are in general accompanied by winding of the QCD quark condensate. Depending on the axion model the winding can proceed either in the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ or in the pion direction. This determines the structure of fermionic zero modes and the anomaly inflow which has important astrophysical consequences. We point out that ${\eta }^{\prime }$ and pion string-wall systems exist in pure QCD, independently of the hidden axion. Strikingly, even if a hidden axion exists, the early cosmology can be entirely dominated by string-wall systems formed by the QCD quark condensate. We also discuss their role in the QCD phase transition and in heavy-ion physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    95 GeV Higgs boson and nano-Hertz gravitational waves from domain walls in the N2HDM

    Haotian Xu🇨🇳 · Yufei Wang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Fang Han🇨🇳 · Lei Wang🇨🇳

    We explore the diphoton and $b\bar{b}$ excesses at 95.4 GeV, as well as nano-Hertz gravitational waves originating from domain walls, within the framework of the next-to-two-Higgs-doublet model (N2HDM), which extends the two-Higgs-doublet model by introducing a real singlet scalar subject to a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry. The $Z_2$ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the non-zero vacuum expectation value of the singlet scalar, $v_s$, which leads to the formation of domain walls. We discuss two different scenarios: in scenario A, the 95.4 GeV Higgs boson predominantly originates from the singlet field, while in scenario B, it arises mainly from the CP-even components of the Higgs doublets. Taking into account relevant theoretical and experimental constraints, we find that scenario A can fully account for both the diphoton and $b\bar{b}$ excesses at 95.4 GeV within the $1\sigma$ range. Moreover, the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum at a peak frequency of $10^{-9}$ Hz can reach $2\times 10^{-12}$ for $v_s=100$ TeV. Scenario B only marginally accounts for the diphoton and $b\bar{b}$ excesses at the $1\sigma$ level, but the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum at the peak frequency of $10^{-9}$ Hz can reach $6\times 10^{-8}$ for $v_s=100$ TeV. The nano-Hertz gravitational wave signals predicted in both scenarios can be tested by the current and future pulsar timing array projects.

    hep-phCPC(2026)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Double-bottom centrifugal-barrier molecules dancing with four quarks

    Zhi-Peng Wang🇨🇳 · Fu-Lai Wang🇨🇳 · Guang-Juan Wang🇯🇵 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

    Motivated by the recent Belle II measurement of the open-bottom cross section, we perform a systematic study of the double-bottom molecular tetraquark spectrum, including both $S$-wave and $P$-wave configurations. Using the one-boson-exchange potential and the complex scaling method, we investigate the $B^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and $B^{(\ast )}{B}^{\ast }$ systems and predict several bound states and resonances. Our analysis reveals a rich spectrum, including $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ ($0(1^{++})$, $0(0^{-+})$), $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ ($0(2^{++})$, $0(0^{-+})$, $0(1^{--})$), $B{B}^{\ast }$ ($0(1^{+})$), and $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ ($0(1^{+})$) bound states, as well as $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ ($0(1^{--})$, $0(2^{--})$), $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ ($0(3^{--})$), $B{B}^{\ast }$ ($0(0^{-})$), and $B^{\ast }{B}^{\ast }$ ($0(1^{-})$, $0(2^{-})$) resonances. Our results provide theoretical support for the existence of double-bottom tetraquarks and deliver key benchmarks for future searches at LHCb, Belle II, and other experiments.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
20. 20*

    The integrand form of infrared singularities of two-loop QCD scattering amplitudes

    Piotr Bargiela🇨🇭

    In this work, we express the singular part of a scattering amplitude in terms of Feynman integrals compatible with topologies appearing in the bare amplitude, and we choose a basis of locally finite Master Integrals. In two-loop massless QCD, we find such a representation of the amplitude singularities using a systematic ansatz reconstruction of the integrand from a predicted integrated form. As an example application, we write the finite part of an amplitude for the digluon production in quark annihilation for some helicity configurations as manifestly locally finite.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·1 citation
21. 21*

    The LHC sensitivity to weak gauginos in light of the latest muon $g-2$ and dark matter results

    Shuang Liang🇨🇳 · Kun Wang🇨🇳 · Jun Zhao🇨🇳 · Jingya Zhu🇨🇳

    Among the electroweakinos, the weak gauginos have the largest production rate at the LHC and should therefore be the primary focus of searches. In this work, we examine the LHC sensitivity to weak gauginos in light of the latest constraints from the muon $g-2$ anomaly and dark matter (DM) observations. To simultaneously account for the observed $5\sigma$ deviation in muon $g-2$ and the correct DM relic abundance, the DM candidate in the MSSM must be bino-like: wino- or higgsino-like neutralinos require TeV-scale masses to avoid underabundance, rendering the electroweakino spectrum too heavy to yield a sizable $g-2$ contribution. Moreover, tight direct detection limits disfavor light higgsinos, which can induce sizable DM-nucleon scattering via bino-higgsino mixing. We thus focus on scenarios with a bino-like LSP and relatively heavy higgsinos. Two classes of wino spectra are considered: a light-wino scenario (LWo) with $m_{\tilde{W}}\lesssim 1$~TeV, and a heavy-wino scenario (HWo) with $m_{\tilde{W}}\gtrsim 1$~TeV. For each, we delineate the viable parameter space under current constraints and assess the discovery potential at future LHC stages. We find that while the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) can probe a portion of the parameter space, the high-energy 27~TeV LHC (HE-LHC) is capable of covering most of it.

    hep-ph1 citation
22. 22*

    Stay Positive: Neural Refinement of Sample Weights

    Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Dennis Noll🇺🇸

    Monte Carlo simulations are an essential tool in particle physics data analysis. Events are typically generated alongside weights that redistribute the cross section of the simulated process across the phase space. These weights can be negative, and several post-hoc methods have been developed to eliminate or mitigate the negative values. All of these methods share the common strategy of approximating the average weight as a function of phase space. We introduce an alternative approach, which, instead of reweighting to the average, refines the initial weights with a scaling transformation, utilizing a phase space-dependent factor. Since this new refinement method does not need to model the full weight distribution, it can be more accurate. High-dimensional and unbinned phase space is processed using neural networks for the refinement method. In addition to the refinement method, we introduce a new resampling protocol, which can be used in conjunction with any weight transformation to not only preserve the average weight but also the statistical uncertainties of the initial distribution. Using both realistic and synthetic examples, we show that the new neural refinement method is able to match or exceed the accuracy of similar weight transformations and that the new resampling protocol is simpler in implementation than previous methods while exhibiting equivalent statistical properties.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.data-anPRD(2025)·6 citations
23. 23*

    Ensuring continued operation of INSPIRE as a cornerstone of the HEP information infrastructure

    Sabine Crépé-Renaudin🇫🇷 · Alexander Kohls🇨🇭 · Micha Moskovic🇨🇭 · Heath O'Connell🇺🇸 · Kirsten Sachs🇩🇪 · Jian Yu🇨🇳

    The INSPIRE platform -- the most widely-used discovery service specifically tailored to the needs of researchers in High Energy Physics (HEP) -- has become a central component of the information infrastructure for the discipline. Despite this, INSPIRE's continued sustainability is frequently endangered by resource constraints, recently made more acute by the loss of support from historical funders changing their research priorities. If the European particle physics community wishes to ensure INSPIRE's long-term sustainability, the community should secure international support and ensure appropriate funding.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th1 citation
24. 24*

    Toponium physics at the Large Hadron Collider

    Benjamin Fuks🇫🇷

    We examine toponium formation effects in top-antitop pair production at the LHC, focusing on the near-threshold region where non-relativistic corrections are relevant. We discuss their modelling using non-relativistic QCD Green's functions, and show that predictions reproduce features expected from bound-state dynamics, in contrast to pseudo-scalar toy models.

    hep-phhep-ex11 citations
25. 25*

    Renormalization-group equations of the LEFT at two loops: dimension-six baryon-number-violating operators

    Luca Naterop🇨🇭 · Peter Stoffer🇨🇭

    We present the second part of a systematic calculation of the two-loop anomalous dimensions for the low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale (LEFT): the baryon-number-violating sector at dimension six in the power counting. We obtain the results in two different schemes: in the algebraically consistent 't Hooft-Veltman scheme for ${\gamma }_5$, corrected for evanescent as well as chiral-symmetry-breaking effects through finite renormalizations; and in naive dimensional regularization, which in the considered sector of the theory does not lead to any ill-defined ${\gamma }_5$-odd traces. Our results are of interest for a reanalysis of the constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model from proton-decay searches within an EFT framework at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2025)·24 citations
26. 26*

    The Dark Matter Diffused Supernova Neutrino Background

    Garv Chauhan🇺🇸 · R. Andrew Gustafson🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Taj Johnson🇺🇸 · Ian Shoemaker🇺🇸

    We consider neutrinos scattering off Milky Way dark matter and the impact of this scattering on supernovae neutrinos. This can take the form of attenuation on the initial flux of neutrinos and a time-delayed flux of scattered neutrinos. Considering dark matter masses above 100 MeV and past Milky Way supernovae, we find this time-delayed flux is nearly constant in time. We call this flux the Dark Matter Diffused Supernova Neutrino Background (DMDSNB), and use Super-K limits on the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) flux to set limits on the dark matter-neutrino scattering cross section. We find ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}-\nu }/m_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim 2.4\times 10^{-24}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2$/GeV for $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\gtrsim 1$ GeV, which is the strongest bound to date on dark matter-neutrino scatterings at MeV energies, and stronger than bounds set from SN1987A neutrino attenuation by an order of magnitude. We end by discussing how the DMDSNB could be distinguished from the DSNB.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-thJCAP(2025)·9 citations
27. 27*

    Sufficient and Necessary Conditions for Collective Neutrino Instability: Fast, Slow, and Mixed

    Basudeb Dasgupta (Tata Inst.)🇮🇳 · Dwaipayan Mukherjee (Tata Inst.)🇮🇳

    Collective neutrino oscillations exhibit instabilities that induce appreciable flavor conversion, with crucial astrophysical implications. While the importance of initial phase-space distributions is well-established, a general instability criterion for distributions dependent on both energy and emission angle has been lacking. We identify and analyze the sufficient (and necessary) conditions for a generic collective neutrino flavor instability.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRPRD(2025)·10 citations
28. 28*

    A Continuous Galactic Line Source of Axions: The Remarkable Case of 23Na

    W. C. Haxton🇺🇸 · Xing Liu🇺🇸 · Annie McCutcheon🇺🇸 · Anupam Ray🇺🇸

    We argue that ${}^{23}$Na is a potentially significant source of galactic axions. For temperatures $\gtrsim 7\times 10^8$K -- characteristic of carbon burning in the massive progenitors of supernovae and ONeMg white dwarfs -- the 440 keV first excited state of ${}^{23}$Na is thermally populated, with its repeated decays pumping stellar energy into escaping axions. Odd-A nuclear abundances are typically very low in high-temperature stellar environments (or absent entirely due to burn-up). ${}^{23}$Na is an exception: $\approx 0.1M_{\odot }$ of the isotope is synthesized during carbon burning then maintained at $\approx 10^9$K for times ranging up to $6\times 10^4$y. Using MESA simulations, a galactic model, and sampling over progenitor masses, locations, and evolutionary stages, we find a continuous flux at earth of $⟨{\varphi }_a⟩\approx 22$/cm${}^2$s for $g_{aNN}^{\mathrm{eff}}=10^{-9}$. Some fraction of these axions convert to photons as they propagate through the galactic magnetic field, producing a distinctive 440 keV line $\gamma$ ray detectable by all-sky detectors like the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI). Assuming a 1$\mu$G galactic magnetic field and a sufficiently light axion mass, we find that COSI will be able to probe $|g_{aNN}^{\mathrm{eff}}{g}_{a\gamma \gamma }|\gtrsim 1.8\times 10^{-22}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ at $3\sigma$ after two years of surveying.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phnucl-ex+1PRL(2025)·5 citations
29. 29*

    Digital quantum simulations of scattering in quantum field theories using W states

    Roland C. Farrell🇺🇸 · Nikita A. Zemlevskiy🇺🇸 · Marc Illa🇺🇸 · John Preskill🇺🇸

    High-energy particle collisions can convert energy into matter through the inelastic production of new particles. Quantum computers are an ideal platform for simulating the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of collisions and the formation of subsequent many-particle states. In this work, evidence for inelastic particle production is observed in one-dimensional Ising field theory using IBM's quantum computers. The scattering experiment is performed on 104 qubits of ibm_marrakesh and uses up to 5,589 two-qubit gates to access the post-collision dynamics. An outgoing heavy particle produced in the collision is identified from the skewness of the measured energy density. Integral to this computation is a new quantum algorithm for preparing the initial state (wavepackets) of a quantum field theory scattering simulation. This method efficiently prepares wavepackets by extending recent protocols for creating W states with mid-circuit measurement and feedforward. The required circuit depth is independent of wavepacket size and spatial dimension, representing a superexponential improvement over previous methods. Our wavepacket preparation algorithm can be applied to a wide range of lattice models and is demonstrated in one-dimensional Ising field theory, scalar field theory, the Schwinger model and two-dimensional Ising field theory.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-th66 citations
30. 30*

    Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars in Aether Scalar-Tensor Theory

    Christopher Reyes🇺🇸 · Jeremy Sakstein🇺🇸

    Aether Scalar-Tensor theory is a relativistic alternative gravity model that behaves like cold dark matter on cosmological scales while predicting the MOND force-law in astrophysical systems. The theory correctly predicts the cosmic microwave background and linear matter power spectra, and the mass discrepancies observed across the Universe. We derive and solve the equations governing neutron stars in Aether Scalar Tensor theory at first-order in slow rotation, finding that the theory predicts approximate universal relations between the moment of inertia and the compactness ($I$--$C$ relations) that differ from their general relativity counterparts. These relations may enable tests of Aether Scalar-Tensor theory using X-ray observations of pulsars and gravitational wave observations of binary neutron star mergers.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
31. 31*

    Three-family supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes on rigid cycles

    Adeel Mansha🇨🇳 · Mudassar Sabir🇨🇳 · Tianjun Li🇨🇳 · Luyang Wang🇨🇳

    Intersecting D6-brane models without discrete torsion typically suffer from unstabilized open string moduli, arising from D-brane positions and Wilson lines. These moduli generate additional massless adjoint fields, obstructing the realization of negative beta functions necessary for asymptotic freedom unless they are decoupled around string scale. A viable solution involves utilizing rigid cycles, which eliminate these unwanted adjoint fields. In this work, we for the first time present a class of consistent three-family supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from rigid intersecting D6-branes on the factorizable ${\mathbb{T}}^6/({\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\prime })$ orientifold with discrete torsion. These models satisfy all the known consistency conditions, including $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry, K-theory constraints, tadpole cancellation, and recent swampland bounds on the maximal gauge group rank. We provide detailed particle spectra, analyze their phenomenological implications, and discuss the decoupling of exotic states through strong dynamics in the hidden sector.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
32. 32*

    Dynamical Dark Energy Emerges from Massive Gravity

    Juri Smirnov🇬🇧

    In this work, we demonstrate that a dynamical dark energy component predicted by massive gravity gives rise to a distinctive evolution of the equation of state. This scenario is favoured over the standard $\Lambda$CDM model when confronted with the latest combined datasets from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and supernova observations. The model stands out as a rare example of a healthy, self-consistent theory that accommodates phantom dark energy while maintaining a technically natural, small asymptotic cosmological constant. Our analysis indicates a preferred graviton mass of approximately $4.0\times 10^{-33}\text{eV}$, suggesting the emergence of a new cosmological length scale. This leads to a maximal deviation of the equation of state around $z\sim 3$, a prediction that will be robustly tested by upcoming, deeper surveys of baryon acoustic oscillations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th11 citations
33. 33*

    Real-Time Scattering on Quantum Computers via Hamiltonian Truncation

    James Ingoldby🇬🇧 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧 · Timur Sypchenko🇬🇧 · Simon Williams🇬🇧 · Matthew Wingate🇬🇧

    We present a quantum computational framework using Hamiltonian Truncation (HT) for simulating real-time scattering processes in $(1+1)$-dimensional scalar ${\varphi }^4$ theory. Unlike traditional lattice discretisation methods, HT approximates the quantum field theory Hilbert space by truncating the energy eigenbasis of a solvable reference Hamiltonian, significantly reducing the number of required qubits. Our approach involves preparing initial states as wavepackets through adiabatic evolution from the free-field theory to the interacting regime. We experimentally demonstrate this state preparation procedure on an IonQ trapped-ion quantum device and validate it through quantum simulations, capturing key phenomena such as wavepacket dynamics, interference effects, and particle production post-collision. Detailed resource comparisons highlight the advantages of HT over lattice approaches in terms of qubit efficiency, although we observe challenges associated with circuit depth scaling. Our findings suggest that Hamiltonian Truncation offers a promising strategy for quantum simulations of quantum field theories, particularly as quantum hardware and algorithms continue to improve.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phhep-th28 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.