Thu·Apr 24, 2025Thursday·April 24, 2025

1. 01*

   Tensor hybrid mesons $\overline{b}gc$

   S. S. Agaev🇦🇿 · K. Azizi🇮🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

   Spectroscopic parameters and widths of the tensor hybrid mesons $H_{\mathrm{bc}}$ and ${\tilde{H}}_{\mathrm{bc}}$ with the structure $\overline{b}gc$ and spin-parities $J^{\mathrm{P}}=2^{-}$ and $J^{\mathrm{P}}=2^{+}$ are calculated with high accuracy in the QCD sum rule framework. Information on their masses $m=(7.214\pm 0.075)\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\tilde{m}=(7.685\pm 0.040)\mathrm{GeV}$ enable us to determine decay channels of $H_{\mathrm{bc}}$ and ${\tilde{H}}_{\mathrm{bc}}$. The full width of the meson $H_{\mathrm{bc}}$ is estimated by considering the decays $H_{\mathrm{bc}}\to D^{+}{\overline{B}}^{\ast 0}$ and $D^0{B}^{\ast +}$. The channels ${\tilde{H}}_{\mathrm{bc}}\to B^{+}{D}^0$, $B^0{D}^{+}$, $B^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast 0}$, $B^{\ast 0}{D}^{\ast +}$, $B_s^0{D}_s^{+}$, and $B_s^{\ast 0}{D}_s^{\ast +}$ are studied to find the width of the ${\tilde{H}}_{\mathrm{bc}}$ state. The widths of these processes are calculated using QCD three-point sum rule approach, which require estimation of the strong couplings at hybrid-meson-meson vertices. The results $(50.8\pm 9.8)\mathrm{MeV}$ and $(184.3\pm 22.8)\mathrm{MeV}$ for the full widths of the hybrid mesons $H_{\mathrm{bc}}$ and ${\tilde{H}}_{\mathrm{bc}}$ characterize them as relatively narrow and broad structures, respectively.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2025)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Brazilian Report on Dark Matter 2024

   I. F. M. Albuquerque🇧🇷 · J. Alcaniz🇧🇷 · A. Alves🇧🇷 · J. Amaral🇧🇷 · C. Bonifazi🇧🇷 · H. A. Borges🇧🇷 · S. Carneiro🇧🇷 · L. Casarini🇧🇷 · D. Cogollo🇧🇷 · A. G. Dias🇧🇷 · G. C. Dorsch🇧🇷 · A. Esmaili🇧🇷 and 42 other authors

   One of the key scientific objectives for the next decade is to uncover the nature of dark matter (DM). We should continue prioritizing targets such as weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs), Axions, and other low-mass dark matter candidates to improve our chances of achieving it. A varied and ongoing portfolio of experiments spanning different scales and detection methods is essential to maximize our chances of discovering its composition. This report paper provides an updated overview of the Brazilian community's activities in dark matter and dark sector physics over the past years with a view for the future. It underscores the ongoing need for financial support for Brazilian groups actively engaged in experimental research to sustain the Brazilian involvement in the global search for dark matter particles

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex1 citation
3. 03*

   A New Look At Small-$x$ Helicity Phenomenology: Investigating Uncertainties And The Impact Of Polarized Proton-proton Data

   Nicholas Baldonado🇺🇸

   This dissertation highlights the contributions I have made to the field of theoretical nuclear physics, specifically in high-energy Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). High-energy QCD is a robust subject and my research is refined to the sub-field of small-$x$ spin physics; small-$x$ physics is characterized by high-energy and density collisions and is well-suited for the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory. Small-$x$ spin physics takes the ultra-relativistic description of high-energy QCD and gives special attention to spin-dependent interactions suppressed by powers of the center-of-mass energy. My expertise lies in exploring the theory and phenomenology relating to the KPS-CTT small-$x$ helicity evolution equations, a rubric that allows one to make predictions of the quarks' and gluons' distributions of spin at small-$x$. These predictions are heavily influenced by the initial conditions of the evolution, and the initial conditions are determined through analyses of world polarized data. My contributions focus on Bayesian parameter analysis, numerical and analytical calculations to discretize and cross-check the evolution equations, and the incorporation of a new observable into the pool of analyzed data. The results of such work show that the net amount of spin from quarks and gluons in the small-$x$ regime is predicted to be negative and/or potentially small; an analysis of polarized deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive DIS (SIDIS) data resulted in a net small-$x$ spin prediction that can be large and negative, but new results with the inclusion of data for single-inclusive jet production in polarized proton-proton ($pp$) collisions now estimate that the net amount of parton spin at small $x$ is small, with 1-$\sigma$ uncertainty that spans zero.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-th0 citations
4. 04*

   The effect of decay cascade via an intermediate resonance in the $\gamma p\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ reaction

   Ai-Chao Wang🇨🇳 · Neng-Chang Wei🇨🇳

   The $\gamma p\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ reaction has been investigated by the CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration, revealing a narrow structure in the $\eta p$ invariant mass distributions at a mass of $1700$ MeV. In this study, we explore the possibility that the narrow structure is caused by a decay cascade via an intermediate nucleon resonance decaying to $\eta p$ final states. The candidates for the intermediate nucleon resonances are $N(1700)3/2^{-}$ and $N(1710)1/2^{+}$, with masses near the observed structure. We consider the $t$-channel $\rho$- and $\omega$-exchange diagrams, the $u$-channel nucleon-pole exchange diagram, the contact term, and the $s$-channel pole diagrams of nucleon, $\Delta$, and nucleon resonances when constructing the reaction amplitudes to reproduce the stripped individual contribution of the narrow structure. Our analysis indicates that the signature strength of the decay cascade $\gamma p\to {\pi }^{0}N(1700)3/2^{-}\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ is too weak to reach the experimental curve of the narrow structure due to the small decay branching ratio of $N(1700)3/2^{-}$ to $\eta p$. Although the decay cascade $\gamma p\to {\pi }^{0}N(1710)1/2^{+}\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ can qualitatively reproduce the experimental curve of the invariant mass distributions, its cross-section width is much larger than that of the corresponding experimental curve. Therefore, we conclude that the decay cascade via an intermediate nucleon resonance could not be the reason leading to the narrow structure in the $\eta p$ invariant mass distributions of the $\gamma p\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ reaction.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·0 citations
5. 05*

   The role and contribution of resonance effect for the decay process of ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}P$

   Xi-Liang Yuan🇨🇳 · Chao Wang🇨🇳 · Zhuang-Dong Bai🇨🇳 · Gang Lü🇨🇳

   The size of the direct CP asymmetry generated during the weak decay of hadrons is attributed to the weak phase and some strong phases. The weak phase comes from the CKM matrix and a strong phase may result from the resonance effect which is produced by the mixing of vector meson $V\left\{{\rho }^0(770),\omega (782),\varphi (1020)\right\}$ to ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ meson pairs. ${\rho }^0(770)$ can decay directly into ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ meson pairs, both $\omega (782)$ and $\varphi (1020)$ can also decay into ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ meson pairs with small contribution from isospin symmetry breaking. The main contribution for the middle state vector meson ${\rho }^0(770)-\omega (782)-\varphi (1020)$ interference is the mix of ${\rho }^0(770)$, $\omega (782)-{\rho }^0(770)$ and $\varphi (1020)-{\rho }^0(770)$. We calculate the CP asymmetry and decay branching ratio for ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0({\bar{K}}^0)$ in the framework of QCD factorization and compare them with previous work. We also add the analysis of ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\eta ({\eta }^{{(}^{\prime })})$ decay process. The results show that the CP asymmetry of these four decay processes are significantly enhanced especially for the ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\bar{K}}^0$ decay process and the decay branching ratio also changes under resonance effect. These work might provide support for the experimental analysis of the ${\bar{B}}_s^0$ meson.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Criteria of Renormalizability in Effective Field Theories

   A. M. Gasparyan🇩🇪 · E. Epelbaum🇩🇪

   Any effective field theory relies on power counting rules that allow one to perform a systematic expansion of calculated quantities in terms of some soft scales. However, a naive power counting can be violated due to the presence of various hard scales in a given scheme. A typical example of such a scale is an ultraviolet regulator. This issue is particularly challenging when the interaction is nonperturbative. The power counting is expected to be restored in the course of renormalization, that is by redefining bare low-energy constants in the effective Lagrangian. Whether this procedure eventually leads to a self-consistent framework is not a priory obvious. We discuss various criteria of renormalizability in application to nuclear chiral effective field theory and provide several instructive counterexamples.

   hep-phnucl-thPoS(2026)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Gravitational Positivity Bounds on Higgs-Portal Dark Matter

   Kimiko Yamashita🇯🇵

   Gravitational positivity bounds are constraints on a renormalizable theory in the presence of a massless graviton, under the assumption that the gravitational theory is ultraviolet-completed by a perturbative string theory. We derive these bounds for the Higgs-portal scalar dark matter model using the forward scattering process $\varphi \varphi \to \varphi \varphi$. We find that, in the absence of a dark matter self-coupling, new physics beyond the Higgs-portal dark matter interaction must appear below an energy scale of $10^{10}$ GeV if the dark matter mass is smaller than the Higgs boson mass. We further find that, in the presence of both interactions, achieving a cutoff scale at the grand unified theory scale generally requires a dark matter mass of order $10^{10}$-$10^{11}$ GeV (or above), with larger values favored when the four-point self-coupling plays a significant role. For such heavy Higgs-portal dark matter, the observed relic abundance of dark matter in the Universe can be successfully reproduced via the freeze-in mechanism with a tiny Higgs-portal coupling, ${\lambda }_{h\varphi }\lesssim 3.5\times 10^{-11}$. The reheating temperature is then constrained to be $T_{\mathrm{reh}}\lesssim 10^{14}$ GeV by the positivity bounds on the dark matter mass.

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   Potential Blind Directions at TeraZ

   Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Juan Carlos Criado🇪🇸 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

   The next generation of high-luminosity electron-positron colliders, such as FCC-ee and CEPC operating at the $Z$ pole (TeraZ), is expected to deliver unprecedented precision in electroweak measurements. These precision observables are typically interpreted within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), offering a powerful tool to constrain new physics. However, the large number of independent SMEFT operators allows for the possibility of blind directions, parameter combinations to which electroweak precision data are largely insensitive. In this work, we demonstrate that such blind directions are not merely an artefact of agnostic effective field theory scans, but arise generically in realistic ultraviolet completions involving multiple heavy fields. We identify several concrete multi-field extensions of the Standard Model whose low-energy SMEFT projections align with known blind subspaces, and show that these persist even after accounting for renormalisation group evolution and finite one-loop matching effects. Our analysis shows that TeraZ will set a new benchmark in precision for indirect searches, but fully probing the space of possible ultraviolet physics requires going beyond this stage. Later FCC-ee runs at higher centre-of-mass energies, together with the FCC-hh, will provide the necessary complementary probes, enabling a far more complete exploration of the SMEFT parameter space.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Testing the Gallium anomaly using Electron-Neutrino Scattering

   Emilio Ciuffoli🇨🇳 · Jarah Evslin🇨🇳 · Ruixuan Gao🇨🇳 · Haixing Lin🇨🇳 · Jian Tang🇨🇳

   The Gallium anomaly is an unexplained deficit in the neutrinos observed during the calibration of GALLEX and SAGE using a ${}^{51}$Cr radioactive source and recently confirmed by BEST. The possible explanations for this deficit include an overestimation of the neutrino absorption cross section in Ga, an incorrect measurement of the source activity or the existence of sterile neutrinos. However, as this deficit has only been observed in Ga detectors, it has not been possible to distinguish among various proposals. Therefore, we propose an experiment using the same radioactive source but with a different detection method, electron-neutrino scattering. We discuss potential locations for such an experiment, estimating the main backgrounds and expected event rates, considering various target masses and source positions. Even if the anomaly does not result from the detection method, such an experiment can provide an independent determination of the branching ratio of the ${}^{51}$Cr decay by using the spectral information or observing the scattering angle. It is also sensitive to an eventual baseline dependence of the anomaly, as is predicted in sterile neutrino models.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Medium-induced coherent gluon radiation for $2\to 2$ processes with general kinematics

    Greg Jackson🇫🇷 · Stéphane Peigné🇫🇷 · Kazuhiro Watanabe🇯🇵

    High-energy proton-nucleus (pA) collisions offer valuable insight into the role of cold nuclear matter effects in hadron production. In particular, multiple rescatterings of an incoming parton by the nuclear target are known to induce the radiation of many soft gluons. Hadron production is affected by fully coherent energy loss (FCEL), owing to those radiated gluons with a long formation time. Here we present a recently derived formula for the induced single soft gluon radiation spectrum beyond leading logarithmic accuracy, whose main features are demonstrated with the example of $qg\to qg$ scattering.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    The Electric Dipole Moment of the electron in the decoupling limit of the aligned Two-Higgs Doublet Model

    Juan Manuel Dávila🇪🇸 · Anirban Karan🇪🇸 · Emilie Passemar🇺🇸 · Antonio Pich🇪🇸 · Luiz Vale Silva🇪🇸

    We present a discussion of model-independent contributions to the EDM of the electron. We focus on those contributions that emerge from a heavy scalar sector that is linearly realized. In particular, we explore the decoupling limit of the aligned 2HDM. In this model, Barr-Zee diagrams with a fermion loop produce logarithmically-enhanced contributions that are proportional to potentially large new sources of CP violation. In the decoupling limit these contributions are generated by effective dimension-6 operators via the mixing of four-fermion operators into electroweak dipole operators. These logarithmic contributions are not present in more constrained versions of the 2HDM where a ${\mathcal{Z}}_2$ symmetry is imposed, which then controls the basis of effective operators needed to describe the new physics contributions to the electron EDM. Thus, the ${\mathcal{Z}}_2$ symmetry provides a suppression mechanism. In the course of the comparison of the results from the aligned 2HDM with the leading logarithms from SMEFT, we needed to specify or correct signs of expressions found in the literature. We then study how the experimental bounds on the electron EDM constrain the set of parameters of the aligned 2HDM.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·14 citations
12. 12*

    Reduction of $ϵ$-expanded Feynman integrals

    Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳 · Cong-Hao Qin🇨🇳 · Ao Tan🇨🇳 · Kai Yan🇨🇳

    Since Feynman integrals (FIs) at higher spacetime dimensions are free of infrared and collinear divergence--and their ultraviolet divergences can be systematically subtracted--this allows us to construct a wide range of locally finite Feynman integrals. Especially, we propose a method named $\bar{R}$-operation to subtract out ultraviolet divergences that at the same time preserves infrared and collinear safety of the original FI. By expressing these locally finite FIs in terms of master integrals and imposing constraints on their $ϵ$-expanded forms, we reduce the $ϵ$-expanded master integrals to a minimal basis. We provide an automated package to identify such constraints, offering a tool useful for high-order perturbative computations.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2026)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons

    Christian Käding🇦🇹

    It is well-known that the momentum spectra of particles confined to finite spatial volumes deviate from the continuous spectra used for unconfined particles. In this article, we consider real scalar particles confined to finite volumes with periodic boundary conditions, such that the particles' spectra are discrete. We directly compute the density matrices describing the decay processes $\varphi \to {\phi }^2$ and $\varphi \to \phi \chi \nu$, and subsequently derive expressions for the decay probabilities both for confined and unconfined particles. The latter decay process is used as a rough toy model for a neutron decaying into a proton, an electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. We propose that finite volume effects can have an impact on the outcomes of experiments measuring the neutron lifetime. In addition, our findings at the toy model level suggest that taking into account possible initial correlations between neutrons and their daughter particles might be relevant as well.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-exnucl-th+1EPJC(2025)·2 citations
14. 14*

    Electron positron pair production accompanied by giant dipole resonance at RHIC and LHC

    Atacan Fatih Candar🇹🇷 · Mehmet Cem Guclu🇹🇷

    In ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions (UPCs), the broad energy spectrum of photons enables a variety of physical processes, ranging from lepton pair production to giant dipole resonances (GDRs). In this work, we evaluate production of electron-positron pair production cross section with GDR. Specifically, we focus on Au+Au collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.76 TeV per nucleon. We calculate cross sections while taking into account with and without the kinematic restrictions relevant to STAR detectors. We also present the differential cross sections in terms of the variables rapidity $(y)$, transverse momentum ($p_{\perp }$) and invariant mass ($M$) to compare them with respect to RHIC and LHC energies.

    hep-ph0 citations
15. 15*

    Self-interacting dark matter with observable $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Satyabrata Mahapatra🇰🇷 · Narendra Sahu🇮🇳 · Vicky Singh Thounaojam🇮🇳

    We propose a GeV-scale self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) candidate within a dark $U(1{)}_D$ gauged extension of the Standard Model (SM), addressing small-scale structure issues in $\Lambda$CDM while predicting an observable contribution to $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the form of dark radiation. The model introduces a fermionic DM candidate $\chi$ and a scalar $\varphi$, both charged under an unbroken $U(1{)}_D$ gauge symmetry. The self-interactions of $\chi$ are mediated by a light vector boson $X^{\mu }$, whose mass is generated via the Stueckelberg mechanism. The relic abundance of $\chi$ is determined by thermal freeze-out through annihilations into $X^{\mu }$, supplemented by a non-thermal component from the late decay of $\varphi$. Crucially, $\varphi$ decays after the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) but before the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) epoch, producing additional $\chi$ and a dark radiation species (${\nu }_S$). This late-time production compensates for thermal underabundance due to efficient annihilation into light mediators, while remaining consistent with structure formation constraints. The accompanying dark radiation yields a detectable $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, compatible with Planck 2018 bounds and within reach of next-generation experiments such as SPT-3G, CMB-S4, and CMB-HD.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Phases of Dark Matter from Inverse Decays

    Ronny Frumkin🇮🇱 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Eric Kuflik🇮🇱 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸

    Inverse decays are an interesting avenue for producing dark matter in the early universe. We study in detail various phases of dark matter parameter space where inverse decays control its abundance, expanding on our work of INDY dark matter and going beyond. The role of initial conditions and the impact of departure from kinetic equilibrium are investigated as well. We show how these inverse decay phases can arise in theories of a kinetically mixed dark photon and dark Higgs, with promising prospects for detection at upcoming experiments.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Baryon Number Violation: From Nuclear Matrix Elements to BSM Physics

    Leah J. Broussard🇺🇸 · Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Sergey Syritsyn🇺🇸 · Yasumichi Aoki🇯🇵 · Joshua L. Barrow🇺🇸 · Arnau Bas i Beneito🇪🇸 · Zurab Berezhiani🇮🇹 · Nicola Fulvio Calabria🇮🇹 · Svjetlana Fajfer🇸🇮 · Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Julian Heeck🇺🇸 and 10 other authors

    Processes that violate baryon number, most notably proton decay and $n\bar{n}$ transitions, are promising probes of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) needed to understand the lack of antimatter in the Universe. To interpret current and forthcoming experimental limits, theory input from nuclear matrix elements to UV complete models enters. Thus, an interplay of experiment, effective field theory, lattice QCD, and BSM model building is required to develop strategies to accurately extract information from current and future data and maximize the impact and sensitivity of next-generation experiments. Here, we briefly summarize the main results and discussions from the workshop "INT-25-91W: Baryon Number Violation: From Nuclear Matrix Elements to BSM Physics," held at the Institute for Nuclear Theory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, January 13-17, 2025.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1J.Phys.G(2025)·10 citations
18. 18*

    Stamps of state on structure: Probing the state of ultralight dark matter via its density fluctuations

    Saarik Kalia🇺🇸

    Dark matter (DM) candidates with very small masses, and correspondingly large number densities, have gained significant interest in recent years. These DM candidates are typically said to behave "classically". More specifically, they are often assumed to reside in an ensemble of coherent states. One notable exception to this scenario is when isocurvature fluctuations of the DM are produced during inflation (or more generally by any Bogoliubov transformation). In such contexts, the ultralight DM instead resides in a squeezed state. In this work, we demonstrate that these two scenarios can be distinguished via the statistics of the DM density fluctuations, such as the matter power spectrum and bispectrum. This provides a probe of the DM state which persists in the limit of large particle number and does not rely on any non-gravitational interactions of the DM. Importantly, the statistics of these two states differ when the modes of the squeezed state are all in-phase, as is the case at the end of inflation. Later cosmological dynamics may affect this configuration. Our work motivates future numerical studies of how cosmological dynamics may impact the initial squeezed state and the statistics of its density fluctuations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COquant-phPRD(2026)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Prospects of detecting cosmic ray up-scattered dark matter with DUNE

    Richard Diurba🇨🇭 · Helena Kolešová🇳🇴

    Detection of sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles in direct detection experiments is inherently difficult, as their low kinetic energies in the galactic halo are insufficient to produce observable recoils of the heavy nuclei in the detectors. On the other hand, whenever DM particles interact with nucleons, they can be accelerated by scattering with galactic cosmic rays. These cosmic-ray-boosted DM particles can then interact not only through coherent elastic scattering with nuclei, but also through scattering with individual nucleons in the detectors and produce outgoing particles at MeV to GeV kinetic energies. The resulting signal spectrum overlaps with the detection capabilities of modern neutrino experiments. One future experiment is the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. Our study shows that DUNE has a unique ability to search for cosmic-ray boosted DM with sensitivity comparable to dedicated direct detection experiments in the case of spin-independent interactions. Importantly, DUNE's sensitivity reaches similar values of DM-nucleon cross sections also in the case of spin-dependent interactions, offering a key advantage over traditional direct detection experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2025)·10 citations
20. 20*

    Long distance contributions to neutral $D$-meson mixing from lattice QCD

    Matteo Di Carlo🇨🇭 · Felix Erben🇨🇭 · Maxwell T. Hansen🇬🇧

    The study of neutral $D$-meson mixing provides a unique probe of long-distance effects in the charm sector, where Standard Model contributions are dominated by nonperturbative effects. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using spectral reconstruction techniques within lattice QCD to compute the long-distance contributions to $D^0-{\bar{D}}^0$ mixing. After outlining the general formalism describing neutral meson mixing in the charm sector, we focus on the determination of the mixing amplitudes and the dimensionless parameters $x=\Delta m_D/{\Gamma }_D$ and $y=\Delta {\Gamma }_D/(2{\Gamma }_D)$, which respectively encode the mass and width differences between the $D$-meson mass eigenstates. We discuss in detail the required theoretical and computational framework, including the definition and renormalization of the four-quark operators entering the $\Delta C=1$ weak Hamiltonian, and strategies for evaluating the relevant correlation functions employing variance-reduction techniques. To extract the mixing amplitudes, we explore methods for reconstructing the spectral density from lattice correlators, providing preliminary assessments of the data quality required to reach the scaling regime, where the smearing width is small enough to yield physically meaningful results. Our findings lay the groundwork for future precision determinations of long-distance contributions to $D$-meson mixing from first principles.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2025)·13 citations
21. 21*

    Bracketing the soliton-halo relation of ultralight dark matter

    Kfir Blum🇮🇱 · Marco Gorghetto🇩🇪 · Edward Hardy🇬🇧 · Luca Teodori🇮🇱

    In theories of ultralight dark matter, solitons form in the inner regions of galactic halos. The observational implications of these depend on the soliton mass. Various relations between the mass of the soliton and properties of the halo have been proposed. We analyze the implications of these relations, and test them with a suite of numerical simulations. The relation of Schive et al. 2014 is equivalent to $(E/M{)}_{\mathrm{sol}}=(E/M{)}_{\mathrm{halo}}$ where $E_{\mathrm{sol}(\mathrm{halo})}$ and $M_{\mathrm{sol}(\mathrm{halo})}$ are the energy and mass of the soliton (halo). If the halo is approximately virialized, this relation is parametrically similar to the evaporation/growth threshold of Chan et al. 2022, and it thus gives a rough lower bound on the soliton mass. A different relation has been proposed by Mocz et al. 2017, which is equivalent to $E_{\mathrm{sol}}=E_{\mathrm{halo}}$, so is an upper bound on the soliton mass provided the halo energy can be estimated reliably. Our simulations provide evidence for this picture, and are in broad consistency with the literature, in particular after accounting for ambiguities in the definition of $E_{\mathrm{halo}}$ at finite volume.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2025)·13 citations
22. 22*

    Gravitational Equilibrium with Steady Flow and Relativistic Local Thermodynamics

    Shuichi Yokoyama🇯🇵

    A relativistic self-gravitating equilibrium system with steady flow as well as spherical symmetry is discovered. The energy-momentum tensor contains the contribution of a current related to the flow and the metric tensor does an off-diagonal component to balance with the flow momentum. The presence of the off-diagonal component of the metric implies the radial motion of the reference frame, which gives rise to a problem how the relativistic effect is included in thermodynamic observables for such a general relativistic system. This problem is solved by taking an instantaneously rest frame in which geometric thermodynamic observables read as previously and giving them the special relativistic effect emerged from the inverse transformation to the original frame pointwise. The solution of the thermodynamic observables in accord with the laws of thermodynamics and the theory of relativity is presented. Finally the relativistic structure equations for the equilibrium are derived, from which the general relativistic Poisson equation as well as the heat conduction one are developed exactly.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.SRhep-phhep-thPLB(2025)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Hawking-Rényi black hole thermodynamics, Kiselev solution, and cosmic censorship

    Viktor G. Czinner🇵🇹 · Hideo Iguchi🇯🇵

    Explicit example, where the Hawking temperature of a black hole horizon is compatible with the black hole's Rényi entropy thermodynamic description, is constructed. It is shown that for every static, spherically symmetric, vacuum black hole space-time, a corresponding black hole solution can be derived, where the Hawking temperature is identical with the Rényi temperature, i.e. the one obtained from the Rényi entropy of the black hole via the 1st law of thermodynamics. In order to have this Hawking-Rényi type thermodynamic property, the black holes must be surrounded by an anisotropic fluid in the form of a Kiselev metric, where the properties of the fluid are uniquely determined by the mass of the black hole, $M$, and the Rényi parameter, {\lambda}. In the simplest Schwarzschild scenario, the system is found to be thermodynamically unstable, and the 3rd law of thermodynamics seems to play the role of a cosmic censor via placing an upper bound on the black hole's mass, by which preventing the black hole from loosing its horizon(s).

    ↳ gr-qccond-mat.stat-mechhep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·8 citations
24. 24*

    A Note on the Stability of the Dark Energy Model from Time Crystals

    Laura Mersini-Houghton🇺🇸

    In this note, we investigate the stability of the dark energy model from time crystals proposed in [1]. We emphasize two ingredients, the coupling of the scalar field to gravity, and the fact that these time crystals are on an expanding FRW background, which play a crucial role in the field's dynamics. The Hubble parameter, which contributes a drag term to the equations of motion, grows with time until the scale factor diverges. When taken into account, these factors also alleviate the stability concern of [2].

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thSci.Rep.·8 citations
25. 25*

    Lattice QCD determination of the radiative decay rates $h_c\to {\eta }_c\gamma$ and $h_b\to {\eta }_b\gamma$

    D. Bečirević🇫🇷 · R. Di Palma🇮🇹 · R. Frezzotti🇮🇹 · G. Gagliardi🇮🇹 · V. Lubicz🇮🇹 · F. Sanfilippo🇮🇹 · N. Tantalo🇮🇹

    We present the results of our lattice QCD computation of the hadronic matrix elements relevant to the $h_c\to {\eta }_c\gamma$ and $h_b\to {\eta }_b\gamma$ decays by using the gauge configurations produced by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration with $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical Wilson-Clover twisted mass fermions at five different lattice spacings with physical dynamical $u$ , $d$, $s$ and $c$ quark masses (except for the the coarsest lattice for which the lightest sea quark corresponds to a pion with $m_{\pi }\simeq 175\mathrm{MeV}$). While the hadronic matrix element for $h_c\to {\eta }_c\gamma$ is obtained directly, the one relevant to $h_b\to {\eta }_b\gamma$ is reached by working with heavy quark masses $m_H^{(n)}={\lambda }^{n-1}{m}_c$, with $\lambda \sim 1.24$ and $n=1,2,\dots ,6$, and then extrapolated to $m_b$ by several judicious ansätze. In the continuum limit we obtain $\Gamma (h_c\to {\eta }_c\gamma )=0.604(24)\mathrm{MeV}$, which is by a factor of $2.3$ more accurate than the previous lattice estimates, and in good agreement with the experimental measurement. In the $b$-quark case we obtain $\Gamma (h_b\to {\eta }_b\gamma )=46.0(4.8)\mathrm{keV}$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
26. 26*

    Lattice study of $cc\bar{u}\bar{s}$ tetraquark channel in $D^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{(\ast )}$ scattering

    Tanishk Shrimal🇮🇳 · Sara Collins🇩🇪 · Priyajit Jana🇮🇳 · M. Padmanath🇮🇳 · Sasa Prelovsek🇸🇮

    We present the first lattice QCD determination of coupled $D{D}_s^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }{D}_s$ scattering amplitudes in the $J^P=1^{+}$ channel and elastic $D{D}_s$ scattering amplitude in the $J^P=0^{+}$ channel. The aim is to investigate whether tetraquarks with flavor $cc\bar{u}\bar{s}$ exist in the region near threshold. Lattice QCD ensembles from the CLS consortium with $m_{\pi }\sim 280$ MeV, $a\sim 0.09$ fm and $L/a=24,32$ are utilized. Finite-volume spectra are determined via variational analysis of two-point correlation matrices, computed using large bases of operators resembling bilocal two-meson structures within the distillation framework. The scattering matrix for partial wave $l=0$ is determined using lattice eigenenergies from multiple inertial frames following Lüscher's formalism as well as following the solutions of Lippmann-Schwinger Equation in the finite-volume on a plane-wave basis. We observe small nonzero energy shifts in the simulated spectra from the noninteracting scenario in both the channels studied, which points to rather weak nontrivial interactions between the mesons involved. Despite the nonzero energy shifts, the lattice-extracted $S$-wave amplitudes do not carry signatures of any hadron pole features in the physical amplitudes in the energy region near the threshold.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
27. 27*

    Scientific Spirit of Chien-Shiung Wu: From Quantum Entanglement to Parity Nonconservation

    Yu Shi🇨🇳

    In 1950, Chien-Shiung Wu and her student published a coincidence experiment on entangled photon pairs that were created in electron-positron annihilation. This experiment precisely verified the prediction of quantum electrodynamics. Additionally, it was also the first instance of a precisely controlled quantum entangled state of spatially separated particles, although Wu did not know about this at the time. In 1956, Wu initiated and led the so-called Wu experiment, which discovered parity nonconservation, becoming one of the greatest experiments of the 20th century. As Chen Ning Yang said, Wu's experiments were well known for their precision and accuracy. Experimental precision and accuracy manifested Wu's scientific spirit, which we investigate here in some detail. This paper is the translated transcript of the speech the author made at the International Symposium Commemorating the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of Chien-Shiung Wu, on May 31, 2022. The above abstract is the translation of the original abstract of the speech.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-exhep-phhep-th+1Int.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·2 citations
28. 28*

    Prospects for gravitational wave and ultra-light dark matter detection with binary resonances beyond the secular approximation

    Joshua W. Foster🇺🇸 · Diego Blas🇪🇸 · Adrien Bourgoin🇫🇷 · Aurelien Hees🇫🇷 · Míriam Herrero-Valea🇪🇸 · Alexander C. Jenkins🇬🇧 · Xiao Xue🇪🇸

    Precision observations of orbital systems have recently emerged as a promising new means of detecting gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter, offering sensitivity in new regimes with significant discovery potential. These searches rely critically on precise modeling of the dynamical effects of these signals on the observed system; however, previous analyses have mainly only relied on the secularly-averaged part of the response. We introduce here a fundamentally different approach that allows for a fully time-resolved description of the effects of oscillatory metric perturbations on orbital dynamics. We find that gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter can induce large oscillations in the orbital parameters of realistic binaries, enhancing the sensitivity to such signals by orders of magnitude compared to previous estimates.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-phPRD(2026)·15 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.