HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph
36 papers—22 primary·14 cross-listed·reconstructed*
We study the effective Lagrangian for the Axion-Like Particle (ALP) arising in a class of composite Higgs models. We discuss the peculiarities of the coupling to the quark sector specific of these models, including flavor violating terms. We then confront the main bounds from rare B-meson decays.
Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Kaori Fuyuto🇺🇸 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸 · Thomas R. Richardson🇺🇸
The nucleon matrix elements (NMEs) associated with quark chromo-magnetic dipole moments (cMDMs) play a crucial role in determining the CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings induced by quark chromo-electric dipole moments. In recent years, it has been argued that the NMEs of cMDMs can be related to the third moment of the nucleon's higher-twist (specifically, twist-three) parton distribution function (PDF) , which can, in principle, be measured through dihadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes. By applying the spin-flavor expansion to the cMDM operators in the large- limit, where is the number of quark colors, we show that the NMEs receive contributions not only from the twist-three PDF but also from an additional, previously neglected nucleon form factor. Incorporating constraints from the spin-flavor expansion, recent experimental data on , as well as model calculations of , we estimate the NMEs of the cMDM operators. Our analysis indicates that the NMEs are dominated by the nucleon form factors, and the cMDM contributions to pion-nucleon couplings can be comparable to those from the quark sigma terms.
Mitsuru Tanaka🇯🇵 · Daisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Akihiro Iwanaka🇯🇵
We present the first calculation of the momentum-transfer dependence of the pion gravitational form factors (GFFs) within a top-down holographic QCD framework. These form factors encode essential information about the internal stress distribution of hadrons and may serve as a tool to explore the non-perturbatice dyanmics responsible for quark and gluon confinement in QCD. In particular, we evaluate the forward-limit value of the GFFs, known as the D-term, within the framework of the Sakai-Sugimoto model. Our analysis also reveals glueball dominance, wherein the pion's gravitational interaction is mediated by an infinite tower of glueball excitations.
Dana Avramescu🇫🇮 · Vincenzo Greco🇮🇹 · Tuomas Lappi🇫🇮 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · David. I. Müller🇦🇹
We investigate the effect of the glasma classical color fields, produced in the very early stage of heavy-ion collisions, on the transport of heavy quarks. The glasma fields evolve according to the classical Yang-Mills equations, while the dynamics of heavy quarks is described by Wong's equations. We numerically solve these equations and compute the transport coefficient , which is anisotropic and initially very large. Further, we extract observables sensitive to the initial glasma stage. The heavy quark nuclear modification factor is affected by the glasma but the effect is moderate compared to the nPDF contribution. Our main finding is that the glasma has a large impact on the azimuthal correlation between pairs, initially produced back-to-back.
A. Hataei🇮🇷 · S. S. Gousheh🇮🇷
We present the Minimally Extended Standard Model in the mass basis in the symmetric phase of the early Universe, demonstrating that the CP-violating CKM and PMNS matrices emerge not only in the weak interactions but also in the Yukawa interactions. This is due to the presence of all four components of the Higgs field. Specifically, left-handed fermions acquire additional thermal mass contributions involving the CKM and PMNS matrix elements. Most notably, the structure of Yukawa interactions enables flavor-changing and CP-violating conversions among left-handed fermions, such as , which do not occur in the broken phase. In contrast, the right-handed fermions retain their mass eigenstates, leading to distinct thermal masses. Additionally, we identify novel CP-violating scattering processes, such as , which are exclusive to the symmetric phase.
Satyajit Puhan🇮🇳 · Narinder Kumar🇮🇳 · Harleen Dahiya🇮🇳
In this work, we try to understand the transverse structure of photon through transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in quantum chromodynamics. We calculate all the possible time reversal photon TMDs using light-front wave functions. For this work, we have considered photon as a Fock-state of quark anti-quark pair. All the T-even TMDs have been presented in the overlap and explicit form of light-front wave functions using the helicity amplitudes. We observe that only TMDs are non-zero for the case of a real photon as compared to for virtual photon. We briefly discuss the unpolarized , longitudinally polarized , transversly polarized and tensor polarized TMDs for both real and virtual photon.
Basabendu Barman🇮🇳 · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Prantik Sarmah🇨🇳
Within the framework of general scenario, we demonstrate that the ultra high energy neutrinos recently detected by KM3NeT could originate from a decaying right handed neutrino dark matter (DM), with a mass of 440 PeV. Considering DM production via freeze-in, we delineate the parameter space that satisfies the observed relic abundance and also lies within the reach of multiple gravitational wave detectors. Our study provides a testable new physics scenario, enabled by multi-messenger astronomy.
Yulei Zhang🇺🇸 · Bai-Hong Zhou🇨🇳 · Qi-Bin Liu🇨🇳 · Tong Arthur Wu🇺🇸 · Shu Li🇨🇳 · Tao Han🇺🇸 · Shih-Chieh Hsu🇺🇸 · Matthew Low🇺🇸
Experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have accumulated an unprecedented amount of data corresponding to a large variety of quantum states. Although searching for new particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics remains a high priority for the LHC program, precision measurements of the physical processes predicted in the Standard Model continue to lead us to a deeper understanding of nature at high energies. We carry out detailed simulations for the process to perform quantum tomography and to measure the quantum entanglement and the Bell nonlocality of the two qubit state, including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. By using advanced machine learning techniques for neutrino momentum reconstruction, we achieve precise measurements of the full spin density matrix, a critical advantage over previous studies limited by reconstruction challenges for missing momenta. Our analysis reveals a clear observation of Bell nonlocality with high statistical significance, surpassing 5, establishing as an ideal system for quantum information studies in high-energy collisions. Given its experimental feasibility and the high expected sensitivity for Bell nonlocality, we propose that should be regarded as the new benchmark system for quantum information studies at the LHC, complementing and extending the insights gained from the system.
We derive bounds , on the GL (Gell-Mann--Low) function from the Kallen-Lehmann dispersion representation in quantum electrodynamics. We also derive analogous bounds for the GL function in the Wess-Zumino model. The implications of the obtained inequalities are discussed. In particular, we obtain bounds on coupling constants in dark photon model and in dark matter model with vector messenger.
The CP violation observed in the hadronic decays of charmed mesons remains a puzzling open question for theorists. Calculations relying on the assumption of inelastic final-state interactions occurring between the pairs of pions and kaons fall short of the experimental value. It has been pointed out that a third channel of four pions can leave imprints on the CP asymmetries of the two-body decays. At the same time, plenty of data are available for the decays of charmed mesons, as well as for the rare decays . With this motivation, we study the cascade topology , which has been measured to contribute significantly to the decays, and estimate its effect on the branching ratio of the rare decays. We also explore the possibility of this topology contributing to the decay amplitude of and by extension to the related CP asymmetry.
Shuntaro Aoki🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Ryota Yanagita🇯🇵
We investigate the role of the Higgs field as a fundamental scalar in the Standard Model within the framework of modular inflation models, where a modulus field acts as the inflaton and its interactions are governed by an underlying modular symmetry. In general, the Higgs field can participate in the dynamics of modular inflation, leading to a two-field inflationary system-termed \emph{Higgs-Modular inflation}-which exhibits non-trivial dynamics and interesting phenomenological implications. We analyze Higgs-Modular inflation both analytically and numerically, highlighting its attractor behavior and the resulting observational constraints. In particular, we find that Higgs-Modular inflation is favored by the latest data release from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in certain regions of parameter space. This is in contrast to both pure Higgs inflation and pure modular inflation with a Starobinsky-type potential, which tend to predict a relatively low spectral index. Additionally, we discuss the cutoff scale of this inflationary model and the reheating processes induced by the decays of the modulus and the Higgs field.
Lorenzo Bartolini🇨🇳 · Sven Bjarke Gudnason🇨🇳 · Matti Järvinen🇰🇷
Isospin asymmetric nuclear matter is introduced to V-QCD, a bottom-up holographic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) model. Using a small isospin chemical potential we extract the symmetry energy in the model, finding excellent agreement with experimental results for some of the potentials. Extending the calculation for finite and arbitrary sized isospin chemical potentials, we construct beta-equilibrated neutron stars via the usual Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equations. We find, pleasingly, that the neutron stars passing the mass/radius and tidal deformability constraints are those with the potentials that also lead to excellent symmetry energies.
L. Albino🇪🇸 · G. Paredes-Torres🇲🇽 · K. Raya🇪🇸 · A. Bashir🇲🇽 · J. Segovia🇪🇸
We recently reported new results on the transition form factors using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vectorvector contact interaction (SCI) within a coupled formalism based on the Dyson-Schwinger, Bethe-Salpeter, and Faddeev equations. In this work, we extend our investigation to the transition. Our computed transition form factors show reasonable agreement with experimental data at large photon virtualities. However, deviations emerge at low , where experimental results exhibit a sharper variation than theoretical predictions. This discrepancy is expected, as these continuum QCD analyses account only for the quark-core of baryons, while low photon virtualities are dominated by meson cloud effects. We anticipate that these analytical predictions, based on the simplified SCI framework, will serve as a valuable benchmark for more refined studies and QCD-based truncations that incorporate quark angular momentum and the contributions of scalar and vector diquarks.
Qi Chen🇨🇳 · Xin Wu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳 · Ruilin Zhu🇨🇳
Motivated by the recent CPV observation, we investigate the CPV of b-baryon charmless four body decays under the U-spin symmetry. However, we find that only U-spin symmetry cannot provide effective predictions, particularly for decays. For giving more useful predictions, we also give a simple dynamic analysis. By counting the power() of each topological diagram, we find that for the specific decay , only one U-spin amplitude can contribute in the leading power, while for , only two U-spin amplitudes can contribute in this leading power. Then the most effective prediction can be given as \begin{align} &A_{CP}^{dir}(\Lambda_b^0 \to R( p \pi^- \pi^+ )\pi^-) = (-12.99 \pm 2.83\pm2.59\pm0.65)\%,\notag \end{align} Considering the can effectively produced in LHCb, we strongly encourage a more precise experimental investigation of it.
Duarte Fontes🇩🇪 · Jorge C. Romão🇵🇹
We present the manual for FeynMaster 2.1, a multitasking software for particle physics studies. This new version includes additional functions and is compatible with recent versions of related software. It can be downloaded in https://porthos.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/FeynMaster/.
Goran Senjanović🇩🇪 · Michael Zantedeschi🇮🇹
We discuss a minimal renormalizable Pati-Salam theory based on the gauge group, with unification scale Higgs multiplets taken as and doublets, which lead to neutrino Dirac picture. Although a number of scalar particles could be light, even lying at the LHC energies, the unification scale is hopelessly out of reach in any foreseeable future. Moreover, phase transition in the early Universe leads to the production of magnetic monopoles and domain walls, both incompatible with the standard cosmological model. A small explicit breaking of the discrete left-right symmetry allows the domain walls to decay, and in the process possibly sweep away the monopoles, analogously to the previously discussed case of grand unified theory. This leaves an important imprint of gravitational waves, within the reach of next generation searches, correlated with monopole detection and new light particles at collider energies. The theory has a dark matter candidate in the form of an inert scalar doublet, with a mass below TeV, which can further trigger electroweak baryogenesis.
Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Leonardo Torcellini🇮🇹
We present an off-shell dispersive analysis of the graviton-gluon-gluon () vertex, extending previous investigations carried out in both QED and QCD. Within the framework of a non-Abelian gauge theory, we extract the conformal anomaly form factor from the trace component of the correlator and demonstrate that it satisfies a one-loop sum rule, valid under the most general kinematic conditions. Analogously to the chiral and chiral-gravitational cases, a spectral flow emerges in which the exchanged intermediate state becomes localized at zero invariant mass along the graviton line as the quark mass approaches zero. The total integral of the spectral density precisely reproduces the anomaly. We examine how the behaviour of these spectral densities evolves as the system approaches the conformal limit with on-shell gluons. The perturbative analysis reveals that such sum rules are fundamental dynamical features of anomaly-induced interactions. In particular, the appearance or absence of associated dilaton poles is closely tied to whether the sum rule is saturated by a pole contribution or by a dispersive continuum. In the conformal, on-shell limit, the particle-pole interaction yields a nonlocal S-matrix element entirely supported on the light-cone.
Pedro Bittar🇧🇷 · Subhojit Roy🇺🇸 · Carlos E.M. Wagner🇺🇸
An accurate description of the scalar potential at finite temperature is crucial for studying cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPT) in the early Universe. At finite temperatures, a precise treatment of thermal resummations is essential, as bosonic fields encounter significant infrared issues that can compromise standard perturbative approaches. The Partial Dressing (or the tadpole resummation) method provides a self consistent resummation of higher order corrections, allowing the computation of thermal masses and the effective potential including the proper Boltzmann suppression factors and without relying on any high-temperature approximation. We systematically compare the Partial dressing resummation scheme results with the Parwani and Arnold Espinosa (AE) ones to investigate the thermal phase transition dynamics in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM). Our findings reveal that different resummation prescriptions can significantly alter the nature of the phase transition within the same region of parameter space, confirming the differences that have already been noticed between the Parwani and AE schemes. Notably, the more refined resummation prescription, the Partial Dressing scheme, does not support symmetry non-restoration in 2HDM at high temperatures observed using the AE prescription. Furthermore, we quantify the uncertainties in the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) spectrum from an FOPT due to variations in resummation methods, illustrating their role in shaping theoretical predictions for upcoming GW experiments. Finally, we discuss the capability of the High-Luminosity LHC and proposed GW experiments to probe the FOEWPT-favored region of the parameter space.
Vedran Brdar🇺🇸 · Dibya S. Chattopadhyay🇺🇸
In light-shining-through-walls experiments, axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are searched for by exposing an optically thick barrier to a laser beam. In a magnetic field, photons could convert into ALPs in front of the barrier and reconvert behind it, giving rise to a signal that can occur only in the presence of such hidden particles. In this work, we utilize the light-shining-through-walls concept and apply it to astrophysical scales. Namely, we consider eclipsing binary systems, consisting of a neutron star, which is a bright source of X-rays, and a companion star with a much larger radius. Space observatories such as XMM-Newton and NuSTAR have performed extensive measurements of such systems, obtaining data on both out-of-eclipse photon rates and those during eclipses. The latter are typically times smaller, due to the fact that X-rays propagating along the line of sight from the neutron star to the X-ray observatory do not pass through the barrier that is the companion star. Using this attenuation, we derive a constraint on ALP-photon coupling of (at C.L.) for the LMC X-4 eclipsing binary system, surpassing current bounds from light-shining-through-walls experiments. We also present future prospects that could realistically improve this limit by an order of magnitude in , making it competitive with some of the strongest limits derived to date.
Francesca Lecce🇮🇹 · Alessandro Lella🇮🇹 · Giuseppe Lucente🇺🇸 · Vimal Vijayan🇩🇪 · Andreas Bauswein🇩🇪 · Maurizio Giannotti🇪🇸 · Alessandro Mirizzi🇮🇹
Axion-like particles (ALPs) can be copiously produced in binary neutron star (BNS) mergers through nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung if the ALP-nucleon couplings are sizable. The ALP-photon coupling may trigger conversions of ultralight ALPs into photons in the magnetic fields of the merger remnant and of the Milky Way. This effect would lead to a potentially observable short gamma-ray signal, in coincidence with the gravitational-wave signal produced during the merging process. This event could be detected through multi-messenger observation of BNS mergers employing the synergy between gravitational-wave detectors and gamma-ray telescopes. Here, we study the sensitivity of current and proposed MeV gamma-ray experiments to detect such a signal. As an explicit example, we consider ALP couplings related as in the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) axion model, and show that in this case the proposed instruments can reach a sensitivity down to for eV, comparable with the SN 1987A limit.
Shihwen Hor🇨🇳 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳 · Motoo Suzuki🇮🇹 · Junxuan Xu🇨🇳
We present a new framework of grand unification that is equipped with an axion solution to the strong CP problem without a domain wall problem when the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is spontaneously broken after inflation. Our grand unified theory (GUT) is based on a symmetry breaking pattern, , where and a special embedding of are broken to a diagonal subgroup . The model contains a vector-like pair of PQ-charged fermions that transform as (anti-)fundamental representations under , so that the domain wall number is one. However, after the GUT symmetry breaking, the number of vector-like pairs of PQ-charged colored fermions is larger than one, which seems to encounter the domain wall problem. This apparent inconsistency is resolved by small instanton effects on the axion potential which operate as a PQ-violating bias term and allow the decay of domain walls. We propose a domain-wall-free UV completion for an IR model where the domain wall number appears larger than one. The model gives a prediction for a dark matter axion window, which is different from that of the ordinary post-inflationary QCD axion with domain wall number one.
Yu-Dai Tsai🇺🇸 · Fazlollah Hajkarim🇺🇸
We propose utilizing space quantum sensors to detect ultralight dark matter (ULDM) bound to planetary bodies, focusing on Jupiter as the heaviest planet in the solar system. Leveraging Jupiter's deep gravitational potential and the wealth of experience from numerous successful missions, we present strong sensitivity projections on the mass and couplings of scalar ULDM. Future space missions offer unique opportunities to probe the ULDM interactions using quantum sensors, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers. By measuring dark matter-induced magnetic field oscillations, we expect to achieve sensitivity orders of magnitude beyond the terrestrial probes and significantly improve detection prospects of theoretically motivated ULDM candidates.
Steven Weinberg productive scientific life teaches us many things, one of the most important of which is the power of his example. This essay contains personal reminiscences and a speculation about gravitational wave propagation based on one of his very last papers -- as seems fitting, given his penchant for putting interesting physics into the essays he wrote for other luminaries over the years. (See arXiv:2502.10979 [physics.hist-ph] for a less personal summary of his main scientific accomplishments.)
Stefan Diehl🇩🇪 · Raphaël Dupré🇫🇷 · Olga Evdokimov🇺🇸 · Salvatore Fazio🇮🇹 · Ciprian Gal🇺🇸 · Tyler Kutz🇺🇸 · Rongrong Ma🇺🇸 · Juliette Mammei🇨🇦 · Stephen Maple🇬🇧 · Marco Radici🇮🇹 · Rosi Reed🇺🇸 · Ralf Seidl🇯🇵 · Zhoudunming Tu🇺🇸
This document is submitted as input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU). The U.S.-based Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) aims at understanding how the complex dynamics of confined quarks and gluons makes up nucleons, nuclei and all visible matter, and determines their macroscopic properties. In April 2024, the EIC project received approval for critical-decision 3A (CD-3A) allowing for Long-Lead Procurement, bringing its realization another step closer. The ePIC Collaboration was established in July 2022 around the realization of a general purpose detector at the EIC. The EIC is based in U.S.A. but is characterized as a genuine international project. In fact, a large group of European scientists is already involved in the EIC community: currently, about a quarter of the EIC User Group (consisting of over 1500 scientists) and 29% of the ePIC Collaboration (consisting of 1000 members) is based in Europe. This European involvement is not only an important driver of the EIC, but can also be beneficial to a number of related ongoing and planned particle physics experiments at CERN. In this document, the connections between the scientific questions addressed at CERN and at the EIC are outlined. The aim is to highlight how the many synergies between the CERN Particle Physics research and the EIC project will foster progress at the forefront of collider physics.
String compactification in the framework of the low energy effective supergravity requires the perturbative control in both the large volume and the weak coupling expansions. However, when the complex structure moduli couple to some lattice structure, the Sp symmetry of the tree level Kähler potential allows the correction to the Kähler potential to diverge in the large field limit of the complex structure moduli, resulting in the breakdown of the perturbative control. Here the lattice structure naturally appears in the presence of a tower of states like the Kaluza-Klein or the string modes, an essential ingredient of the distance conjecture. The similar situation can be found from the axio-dilaton contribution to the corrected Kähler potential, where the SL symmetry as well as the coupling between the axio-dilaton and the lattice structure allow the correction to diverge in the weak coupling limit. In order to keep the perturbative control, the values of the complex structure moduli as well as the dilaton must have the upper bound, which is determined by the volume of the internal manifold and the string coupling constant, hence the Kaluza-Klein and the string mass scales. The form of the bounds are quite similar to that given by the distance conjecture, both prevents the descent of a tower of states.
Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸 · Volker Koch🇺🇸
New measurements of proton number cumulants from the Beam Energy Scan Phase II (BES-II) program at RHIC by the STAR Collaboration provide unprecedented precision and insights into the properties of strongly interacting matter. This report discusses the measurements in the context of predictions from hydrodynamics, emphasizing the enhanced sensitivity of factorial cumulants and their implications for the search for the QCD critical point. The experimental data shows enhancement of second-order factorial cumulants and suppression of third-order factorial cumulants relative to the non-critical baseline at GeV. We discuss implications of this observation for the possible location of the critical point in the QCD phase diagram and opportunities for future measurements of acceptance dependence of factorial cumulants.
Yu.M. Shabelski🇷🇺 · A.G. Shuvaev🇷🇺
The straightforward calculations of the reaction and interaction cross sections of the nuclear scattering are carried out in Glauber approach using the generating function method. It allows for the resummation of all orders of Glauber theory. The results are obtained for He, Li, C scattering on C target. The difference between the reaction and the differential cross section is shown to be not exceeding several percents
You-Le Fang · Dong-Shan Jian🇨🇳 · Xiang Li🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳
While current AI-driven methods excel at deriving empirical models from individual experiments, a significant challenge remains in uncovering the common fundamental physics that underlie these models -- a task at which human physicists are adept. To bridge this gap, we introduce AI-Newton, a novel framework for concept-driven scientific discovery. Our system autonomously derives general physical laws directly from raw, multi-experiment data, operating without supervision or prior physical knowledge. Its core innovations are twofold: (1) proposing interpretable physical concepts to construct laws, and (2) progressively generalizing these laws to broader domains. Applied to a large, noisy dataset of mechanics experiments, AI-Newton successfully rediscovers foundational and universal laws, such as Newton's second law, the conservation of energy, and the universal gravitation. This work represents a significant advance toward autonomous, human-like scientific discovery.
Eleonora Di Valentino · Jackson Levi Said · Adam Riess · Agnieszka Pollo · Vivian Poulin · Adrià Gómez-Valent · Amanda Weltman · Antonella Palmese · Caroline D. Huang · Carsten van de Bruck · Chandra Shekhar Saraf · Cheng-Yu Kuo and 529 other authors
The standard model of cosmology has provided a good phenomenological description of a wide range of observations both at astrophysical and cosmological scales for several decades. This concordance model is constructed by a universal cosmological constant and supported by a matter sector described by the standard model of particle physics and a cold dark matter contribution, as well as very early-time inflationary physics, and underpinned by gravitation through general relativity. There have always been open questions about the soundness of the foundations of the standard model. However, recent years have shown that there may also be questions from the observational sector with the emergence of differences between certain cosmological probes. In this White Paper, we identify the key objectives that need to be addressed over the coming decade together with the core science projects that aim to meet these challenges. These discordances primarily rest on the divergence in the measurement of core cosmological parameters with varying levels of statistical confidence. These possible statistical tensions may be partially accounted for by systematics in various measurements or cosmological probes but there is also a growing indication of potential new physics beyond the standard model. After reviewing the principal probes used in the measurement of cosmological parameters, as well as potential systematics, we discuss the most promising array of potential new physics that may be observable in upcoming surveys. We also discuss the growing set of novel data analysis approaches that go beyond traditional methods to test physical models. [Abridged]
Bernard Andrieu🇫🇷 · Ties Behnke🇩🇪 · Philip Bechtle🇩🇪 · Xavier Bertou🇫🇷 · Jose Busto🇫🇷 · Susana Cebrian🇪🇸 · Marco Cirelli🇫🇷 · Javier De Miguel🇪🇸 · Laurent Derome🇫🇷 · Cristinel Diaconu🇫🇷 · Caterina Doglioni🇬🇧 · Guiliana Fiorillo🇮🇹 and 38 other authors
The search for dark matter is an exciting topic that is pursued in different communities over a wide range of masses and using a variety of experimental approaches. The result is a strongly correlated matrix of activities across Europe and beyond, both on the experimental and the theoretical side. We suggest to encourage and foster the collaboration of the involved institutions on technical, scientific and organisational level, in order to realise the synergies that are required to increase the impact of dark matter research and to cope with the increasing experiment sizes. The suggested network -- loosely titled "DMInfraNet" -- could be realised as a new initiative of the European strategy or be based on existing structures like iDMEu or DRD. The network can also serve as a nucleus for future joint funding proposals.
An alternative method to invert the Radon transforms without the use of Courant-Hilbert's identities has been proposed and developed independently from the space dimension. For the universal representation of inverse Radon transform, we study the consequences of inhomogeneity of outset function without the restrictions on the angular Radon coordinates. We show that this inhomogeneity yields a natural evidence for the presence of the extra contributions in the case of the full angular region. In addition, if the outset function is well-localized in the space, we demonstrate that the corresponding boundary conditions and the angular restrictions should be applied for both the direct and inverse Radon transforms. Besides, we relate the angular restrictions on the Radon variable to the boundary exclusion of outset function and its Radon image.
Udita Shukla🇵🇱 · Pok Man Lo🇵🇱
Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a robust framework for modeling interacting many-body systems, including the equation of state (EoS) of dense matter. Many models, however, rely on energy functionals based on assumptions that have not been rigorously validated. We critically analyze a commonly used ansatz for confinement, where the energy functional scales with density as . Our findings, derived from a systematic non-local energy functional, reveal that this scaling does not capture the dynamics of confinement. Instead, the energy functional evolves from at low densities to at high densities, governed by an infrared cutoff. These results suggest that models relying on such assumptions should be revisited to ensure more reliable EoS construction.
Giorgio Galanti🇮🇹 · Marco Roncadelli🇮🇹
A photon at from GRB 221009A was detected by the Carpet collaboration in 2022 using a partial data set. Very recently, Carpet has completed its full data analysis reporting further support for its previous photon now at . Within standard propagation models, this observation is in strong tension with conventional expectations since such a photon is absorbed by the CMB. Further, we show that this detection is strongly disfavored within the explored scenarios involving axion-like particles (ALPs) alone. Instead, we find that the considered photon is compatible with specific Lorentz invariant violation (LIV) frameworks with the LIV scale obeying in the linear case at CL and in the quadratic case at CL. Finally, we outline scenarios where standard photon-ALP oscillations are combined with LIV-induced modifications of photon propagation, which provide a consistent interpretation of the observations of GRB 221009A including the highest energy photons detected by the LHAASO and Carpet collaborations.
Ahmed Abuali🇺🇸 · Szabolcs Borsányi🇩🇪 · Zoltán Fodor🇩🇪 · Johannes Jahan🇺🇸 · Micheal Kahangirwe🇺🇸 · Paolo Parotto🇮🇹 · Attila Pásztor🇭🇺 · Claudia Ratti🇺🇸 · Hitansh Shah🇺🇸 · Seth A. Trabulsi🇺🇸
We present a new equation of state for QCD in which the temperature and the three chemical potentials for baryon number , electric charge and strangeness can be varied independently. This result is based on a generalization of the -expansion scheme, thanks to which the diagonal extrapolation was pushed up to a baryo-chemical potential for the first time. This considerably extended the coverage of the Taylor expansion, limited to . As a consequence, we are able to offer a substantially larger coverage of the four-dimensional QCD phase diagram as well, compared to previously available Taylor expansion results. Our results are based on new continuum estimated lattice results on the full set of second and fourth order fluctuations.
Davide Pedrotti🇮🇹 · Marco Calzà🇮🇹
Correspondences between apparently distant concepts are ubiquitous in theoretical physics. In the context of black holes (BHs), quasinormal modes (QNMs) were shown to be linked to both shadows, in the so-called eikonal limit, and graybody factors (GBFs), using the WKB approximation. We test the accuracy of the QNM-GBF correspondence in the context of the Hawking radiation for static and rotating black hole configurations, with particular attention to the superradiant regime. Our analysis reveals the correspondence failure to accurately reproduce the Hawking spectrum due to divergences. Furthermore, we bridge the gap between BH shadows and GBFs by drawing a correspondence between such quantities in the case of generic static and spherically symmetric spacetime configurations. The shadow-GBF correspondence is tested for some case studies, including regular BHs, and its limitations and applicability are discussed. This study opens new perspectives by introducing a new correspondence and remarking on the caution needed when considering these connections.
Rayne Liu🇺🇸 · Wayne Hu🇺🇸 · Huangyu Xiao🇺🇸
Wave or fuzzy dark matter produced with high momenta behaves in many ways like hot particle dark matter while also possessing seemingly different phenomenology due to wave interference. We develop wave perturbation theory to show that white noise density fluctuations generated by the interference of high-momenta waves are gravitationally unstable in the usual way during matter domination above the free streaming scale and stabilize below the free streaming scale, much like the analogous effects for massive neutrinos in hot dark matter. We verify and illustrate these effects in the density power spectra of Newtonian Schrödinger-Poisson simulations. In the cosmological context, this would cause a gradual suppression of the initial white noise isocurvature perturbations below the free streaming scale at matter radiation equality, unlike cold dark matter isocurvature fluctuations, and virial stability of dark matter halos.
* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.