Mon·Mar 24, 2025Monday·March 24, 2025

1. 01*

   Two-loop light-quark Electroweak corrections to Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion

   Marco Bonetti🇩🇪 · Philipp Rendler🇩🇪 · William J. Torres Bobadilla🇬🇧

   We compute two-loop electroweak corrections to double Higgs boson production in gluon fusion mediated by light quarks in a fully analytical way. We determine a basis of master integrals satisfying canonical differential equations in $\mathrm{d}\log$ form, enhanced by subsequent rotations to remove unnecessary functions that do not appear in the analytic expressions of the amplitudes. We determine the integration constants by matching our expressions to the large mass expansion limit of the canonical integrals. We express the solution of differential equations in terms of Chen iterated integrals up to transcendental weight six over logarithmic kernels with algebraic arguments, and further decompose them by employing a basis of uniform weight functions. By deriving differential equations for such basis, we provide numerical results as well as routines for optimised numerical evaluations.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·16 citations
2. 02*

   High-quality Peccei-Quinn symmetry from the interplay of vertical and horizontal gauge symmetries

   Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Giacomo Landini🇪🇸 · Federico Mescia🇮🇹 · Vasja Susič🇮🇹

   We explore a class of axion models where an accidental $\mathrm{U}(1)$ Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry automatically emerges from the interplay of vertical (grand-unified) and horizontal (flavor) gauge symmetries. We study a specific Pati-Salam realization in detail, and aim to generalize the conclusions. We show that our specific model offers protection from PQ-violating operators to high dimension, and demonstrate that the model can reproduce the Standard Model flavor structure. A distinctive feature of the vertical-horizontal setup is the presence of parametrically light fermions, known as anomalons, which are introduced to cancel the gauge anomalies of the flavor symmetry. We also identify a major challenge to building a fully realistic model, most notably that of Landau poles in gauge couplings before the Planck scale. For the specific model investigated, the pre-inflationary PQ-breaking scenario predicts the axion mass window to be $m_a\in [2\times 10^{-8},10^{-3}]\mathrm{eV}$. Conversely, a high-quality axion may be obtained instead in the post-inflationary scenario, with axion mass $m_a\gtrsim 0.01\mathrm{eV}$, and anomalon masses predicted below the $\mathrm{eV}$ scale. We elaborate on anomalons' cosmological production in the early universe, highlighting how measurements of $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ could serve as a low-energy probe of the ultraviolet dynamics addressing the PQ quality problem.

   hep-phEPJC(2026)·9 citations
3. 03*

   Virtual Majorana Neutrinos and the Minimum Neutrino Mass Scale in Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay

   Dongming Mei🇺🇸 · Kunming Dong🇺🇸 · Austin Warren🇺🇸 · Sanjay Bhattarai🇺🇸

   Virtual Majorana neutrinos are indispensable for neutrinoless double-beta (0$\nu \beta \beta$) decay. In this study, we demonstrate that the overlap of the virtual Majorana neutrino wavefunction, predominantly composed of a right-handed antineutrino component with a strongly suppressed left-handed component (with amplitude proportional to the effective Majorana neutrino mass, $|m_{\beta \beta }|$, is crucial for triggering this decay process. This effective mass, derived from the minimum neutrino mass, offers valuable insights into the absolute neutrino mass scale. Using best-fit parameters from neutrino oscillation experiments, the minimum neutrino mass is determined from the sum of the three neutrino mass eigenstates, $\Sigma =m_1+m_2+m_3,$ which is represented by two narrow bands centered at approximately 0.06 eV/c${}^2$ for the normal hierarchy (NH) and 0.102 eV/c${}^2$ for the inverted hierarchy (IH). Under these constraints, the minimum neutrino mass is found to be 0.001186 eV/c${}^2$ for NH and 0.002646 eV/c${}^2$ for IH, thereby establishing a potential absolute neutrino mass scale for both scenarios. From these values, we calculate $|m_{\beta \beta }|$, which plays a central role in $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay. By combining $|m_{\beta \beta }|$ with decay phase-space factors, nuclear matrix elements, and the absorption probability of the virtual Majorana neutrino, we estimate the $0\nu \beta \beta$ half-life for key isotopes, namely, ${}^{76}$Ge, ${}^{130}$Te, and ${}^{136}$Xe, using two independent methods. The results are in good agreement, and we also discuss the uncertainties in the nuclear matrix elements that may affect these calculations.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
4. 04*

   Shear and bulk viscous coefficients of a hot and chirally imbalanced quark matter using NJL model

   Snigdha Ghosh🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar🇮🇳

   The shear $\eta$ and bulk $\zeta$ viscous coefficients have been calculated in a hot and chirally asymmetric quark matter quantified in terms of a chiral chemical potential (CCP) using the two-flavor Nambu-Jona--Lasinio (NJL) model. This is done by employing the one-loop Green-Kubo formalism where the viscous coefficients have been extracted from the long-wavelength limit of the in-medium spectral function corresponding to the energy momentum tensor (EMT) current correlator calculated using the real time formalism of finite temperature field theory. The momentum dependent thermal width of the quark/antiquark that enters into the expression of the viscosities as a dynamical input containing interactions, has been obtained from the $2\to 2$ scattering processes mediated via the collective mesonic modes in scalar and pseudoscalar chanels encoded in respective in-medium polarization functions having explicit temperature and CCP dependence. Several thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, energy density, entropy density $(s)$, specific heat and isentropic speed of sound have also been calculated at finite CCP. The temperature and CCP dependence of the viscosity to entropy density ratios $\eta /s$ and $\zeta /s$ have also been studied.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
5. 05*

   Anisotropic flows of identified hadrons in the equal-velocity quark combination model at RHIC energy

   Yan-ting Feng🇨🇳 · Rui-qin Wang🇨🇳 · Feng-lan Shao🇨🇳 · Jun Song🇨🇳

   We employ an equal-velocity quark combination model to study anisotropic flows $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ of identified hadrons at mid-rapidity in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies. Under the equal-velocity combination mechanism of constituent quarks at hadronization, we build analytical formulas of anisotropic flows of hadrons in terms of those of quarks just before hadronization. We systematically analyze the contribution of higher order flows of quarks, and show how simple formulas of $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ of identified hadrons with the desired precision can be obtained by neglecting the small contribution of higher order flows of quarks. We systematically test these simple formulas of hadronic flows by the experimental data of $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ of identified hadrons $\varphi$, $\Lambda$, ${\Xi }^{-}$, ${\Omega }^{-}$, $\bar{\Lambda }$, ${\bar{\Xi }}^{+}$, ${\bar{\Omega }}^{+}$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 19.6, 54.4 and 200 GeV, and we find that the equal-velocity quark combination model can well describe the measured $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at those collision energies. We further study the obtained anisotropic flows of quarks and find two scaling properties\textcolor{red}{{} }which can be qualitatively understood by the hydrodynamic evolution of thermal quark medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Glueballonia as Hopfions

   Yuki Amari🇯🇵 · Muneto Nitta🇯🇵 · Chihiro Sasaki🇵🇱 · Kenta Shigaki🇯🇵 · Satoshi Yano🇯🇵 · Shigehiro Yasui🇯🇵

   We work out the Hopfion description of glueballs by inclusively comparing the energy spectra obtained by quantizing Hopfions with experimental data and lattice QCD. Identifying a Hopfion carrying a unit topological charge as $f_0(1500)$, the Hopfions with the topological charge two are classified as glueballonia, i.e., two glueballs are bound together. We find a tightly and a loosely bound glueballonia complying with $f_0(2470)$ and a novel scalar particle carrying the mass around 2814 MeV, respectively, and calculate their binding energies. By the rigid body quantization of Hopfions, we predict a characteristic multiplet structure of tensor glueball states. Some of them are missing in the current experimental data and can be verified in future measurements.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Investigation of $\Delta (1232)$ resonance substructure in $p{\gamma }^{\ast }\to \Delta (1232)$ process through helicity amplitudes

   A. Kaewsnod🇹🇭 · K. Xu🇹🇭 · T. Sangkhakrit🇹🇭 · Z. Zhao🇹🇭 · W. Sreethawong🇹🇭 · A. Limphirat🇹🇭 · K. Khosonthongkee🇹🇭 · Y. Yan🇹🇭

   This work investigates the substructure of the $\Delta (1232)$ resonance in the $p{\gamma }^{\ast }\to \Delta (1232)$ process through helicity transition amplitudes within the quark model framework. We consider the involved baryons composed of three quarks, and both the quark core and meson cloud contribute to the transition amplitudes. The comparison of theoretical results with experimental data reveals that, rather than the $L=0$ component of the $\Delta (1232)$ resonance, it is the $L=2$ component that significantly affects its $S_{1/2}$ amplitude. These findings indicate that the $\Delta (1232)$ resonance likely contains a substantial $L=2$ component, challenging the conventional view of the $\Delta (1232)$ resonance as an $L=0$ baryon.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·0 citations
8. 08*

   A three-body form factor at sub-leading power in the high-energy limit: planar contributions

   Yishuai Guo🇨🇳 · Zhi-Feng Liu🇨🇳 · Mingming Lu🇨🇳 · Tianya Xia🇨🇳 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳

   We consider two-loop planar contributions to a three-body form factor at the next-to-leading power in the high-energy limit, where the masses of external particles are much smaller than their energies. The calculation is performed by exploiting the differential equations of the expansion coefficients, both for facilitating the linear relations among them, and for deriving their analytic expressions. The result is written in terms of generalized polylogarithms involving a few simple symbol letters. Our method can be readily applied to the calculation of non-planar contributions as well. The result provides crucial information for establishing sub-leading factorization theorems for massive scattering amplitudes in the high-energy limit.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·1 citation
9. 09*

   QCD Phase Diagram for Large $N_f$ : Analysis from Contact Interaction Effective Potential

   Aftab Ahmad🇵🇰

   In this paper, we discuss the impact of a higher number of light quark flavors, $N_f$, on the QCD phase diagram under extreme conditions. Our formalism is based on the Schwinger-Dyson equation, employing a specific symmetry-preserving vector-vector flavor-dressed contact interaction model of quarks in Landau gauge, utilizing the rainbow-Ladder truncation. We derive expressions for the dressed quark mass $M_f$ and effective potential ${\Omega }^f$ at zero, at finite temperature $T$ and the quark chemical potential $\mu$. The transition between chiral symmetry breaking and restoration is triggered by the effective potential of the contact interaction, whereas the confinement and deconfinement transition is approximated from the confinement length scale ${\tilde{\tau }}_{ir}$. Our analysis reveals that at $(T=\mu =0)$, increasing $N_f$ leads to the restoration of chiral symmetry and the deconfinement of quarks when $N_f$ reaches its critical value, $N_f^c\approx 8$. At this critical value, In the chiral limit ($m_f=0$), the global minimum of the effective potential occurs at the point where the dressed quark mass approaches zero ($M_f\to 0$). However, when a bare quark mass of $m_f=7$ MeV is introduced, the global minimum shifts slightly to a nonzero value, approaching $M_f\to m_f$. At finite $T$ and $\mu$, we illustrate the QCD phase diagram in the $(T_c^{\chi ,C}-\mu )$ plane, for various numbers of light quark flavors, noting that both the critical temperature $T_c$ and the critical chemical potential ${\mu }_c$ for chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement decrease as $N_f$ increases. Moreover, the critical endpoint $(T_{EP},{\mu }_{EP})$ also shifts to lower values with increasing $N_f$. Our findings are consistent with other low-energy QCD approaches.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thRev.Mex.Fis.(2026)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Beautiful Exotica

    Michal Praszalowicz🇵🇱

    The Chiral Quark--Soliton Model applied to baryons with one heavy quark predicts new exotic states belonging to three $\overline{15}$ SU(3) multiplets. Here, we extend previous analysis of charm exotica to the case of beauty. All model parameters are fixed from the charm sector and from the nonexotic $b$--baryons. We present predictions for masses of beautiful exotica and discuss the decay widths, which are either very small or relatively large.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Flavored Circular Collider: cornering New Physics at FCC-ee via flavor-changing processes

    Lukas Allwicher🇩🇪 · Gino Isidori🇨🇭 · Marko Pesut🇨🇭

    We illustrate the potential of a future high-intensity $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider running at the $Z$ pole in probing extensions of the Standard Model via precise measurements of flavor-changing processes. We illustrate this potential both within effective field theories and simplified models inspired by current $B$-physics data, focusing on selected flavor-physics measurement projections at FCC-ee, and by the theoretically well-motivated scenario of TeV-scale new physics predominantly coupled to third-generation fields. In particular, we demonstrate the key role played by the interplay among different flavor-physics measurements, and between flavor and electroweak measurements, in cornering the New Physics parameter space. Updated constraints on new physics, in the limit that no deviations from the Standard Model are observed, are also presented.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·22 citations
12. 12*

    Ultraheavy diquark decaying into vectorlike quarks at the LHC

    Ioana Duminica🇷🇴 · Calin Alexa🇷🇴 · Ioan M. Dinu🇷🇴 · Bogdan A. Dobrescu🇺🇸 · Matei-Stefan Filip🇷🇴

    We explore the discovery potential of an ultraheavy $(7-8.5$ TeV) diquark scalar produced in the collisions of two up quarks at the LHC. Assuming that the diquark scalar decays into two vectorlike quarks of mass around 2 TeV, each of them decaying into a $W^{+}$ boson and a $b$ quark, we focus on the fully-hadronic final state. We present a signal-from-background separation study based on a discriminator built with Machine Learning techniques. For this six-jet final state and a luminosity of $3000{\text{fb}}^{-1}$, we estimate that a diquark scalar of mass near 8 TeV may be discovered or ruled out even when its coupling to up quarks is as low as 0.2.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Quark anomalous magnetic moments and neutral pseudoscalar meson dynamics with three-flavor NJL model in magnetized quark matter

    Chang-Yong Yang🇨🇳 · Sheng-Qin Feng🇨🇳

    We investigate the influence of quark anomalous magnetic moments (AMMs) on the mass spectra of neutral pseudoscalar mesons ($\pi$, $K$, $\eta$, ${\eta }^{{}^{\prime }}$) under external magnetic fields, finite temperatures, and quark chemical potentials using the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. By incorporating AMMs at the quark level, we reveal that AMMs significantly alter the magnetic field dependence of constituent quark masses, inducing first-order phase transitions for light quarks at critical fields, while strange quarks exhibit nonmonotonic mass behavior. The inclusion of AMMs reshapes the QCD phase diagram, suppressing chiral transition temperatures, and the strong magnetic field shifts critical endpoints toward lower $\mu$ and higher $T$ without AMMs. The crossover phase transition without AMMs is replaced by a first-order transition with AMMs under strong fields. Moreover, the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) induced by the introduction of AMMs qualitatively aligns with the predictions of lattice QCD (LQCD) for the dependence of phase transition temperature on the magnetic field. For mesons, a larger AMM triggers abrupt mass collapses and enhances flavor spitting at zero $\mu$ and $T$ and accelerates chiral restoration for $K$ and $\eta$ mesons via thresholds tied to strange quark masses in finite $\mu$ and $T$. These findings underscore AMMs' critical role in reconciling effective model predictions with LQCD results, particularly in reproducing IMC and explaining phase transition dynamics.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Flavor phenomenology of light dark sectors

    Jorge Martin Camalich🇪🇸 · Robert Ziegler🇩🇪

    The dark sector offers a compelling theoretical framework for addressing the nature of dark matter while potentially solving other fundamental problems in physics. This review focuses on light dark flavored sector models, which are those where the flavor structure of the interactions with the standard model is non-trivial and distinguish among different fermion families. Such scenarios feature flavor violation leading to unique experimental signatures, such as flavor-changing neutral current decays of heavy hadrons (kaons, $D$ and $B$ mesons, baryons) and leptons (muons and taus) with missing energy carried away by light dark-sector particles. In this article, we review their motivation, summarize current constraints, highlight discovery opportunities in ongoing and future flavor experiments, and discuss implications for astrophysics and cosmology.

    hep-phAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2025)·24 citations
15. 15*

    Evaluating the faithfulness of PDF uncertainties in the presence of inconsistent data

    Andrea Barontini🇮🇹 · Mark N. Costantini🇬🇧 · Giovanni De Crescenzo🇩🇪 · Stefano Forte🇮🇹 · Maria Ubiali🇬🇧

    We critically assess the robustness of uncertainties on parton distribution functions (PDFs) determined using neural networks from global sets of experimental data collected from multiple experiments. We view the determination of PDFs as an inverse problem, and we study the way the neural network model tackles it when inconsistencies between input datasets are present. We use a closure test approach, in which the regression model is applied to artificial data produced from a known underlying truth, to which the output of the model can be compared and its accuracy can be assessed in a statistically reliable way. We explore various phenomenologically relevant scenarios in which inconsistencies arise due to incorrect estimation of correlated systematic uncertainties. We show that the neural network generally corrects for the inconsistency except in cases of extreme uncertainty underestimation. When the inconsistency is not corrected, we propose and validate a procedure to detect inconsistencies.

    hep-ph12 citations
16. 16*

    Three-loop large-$N_c$ virtual corrections to $gg\to HH$ in the forward limit

    Joshua Davies🇬🇧 · Kay Schönwald🇨🇭 · Matthias Steinhauser🇩🇪

    We compute the three-loop form factors for $gg\to HH$ in the limit of vanishing transverse momentum of the Higgs boson which provides a reasonable approximation of the cross section. In our calculations we adopt the large-$N_c$ limit, which already includes non-trivial non-planar Feynman diagrams. We discuss the results for top quark masses in the pole and $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ schemes and show that the scheme dependence is significantly reduced at next-to-next-to-leading order.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·21 citations
17. 17*

    Gravitational wave signatures of preheating in Higgs--$R^2$ inflation

    Jinsu Kim🇨🇳 · Zihao Yang🇨🇳 · Ying-li Zhang🇨🇳

    We present a comprehensive analysis of the preheating dynamics and associated gravitational wave signatures in the Higgs--$R^2$ inflationary model. Using lattice simulations, we investigate the post-inflationary evolution of the system across the parameter space, covering both the Higgs-like and $R^2$-like scenarios. We demonstrate that the efficiency of preheating is significantly dependent on the nonminimal coupling parameter $\xi$. As the $\xi$ parameter increases, moving from the $R^2$-like regime to the Higgs-like regime, we observe more efficient preheating. Through detailed numerical computations, efficient preheating is shown to lead to stronger gravitational wave production. The amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum varies by several orders of magnitude as we move from the $R^2$-like regime to the Higgs-like regime. The resultant gravitational wave signatures can serve as a potential observational probe to distinguish between different parameter regimes of the Higgs--$R^2$ model.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
18. 18*

    Status and prospects of the ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ at BESIII

    Hongjian Zhou🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Yueming Zhang🇨🇳 · Chunhua Li🇨🇳

    The ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ serves as a pivotal role for understanding hadronic structures, remaining one of the most extensively studied exotic particles despite the experimental discovery of numerous unconventional hadronic states. Sustained experimental and theoretical investigations into the particle over the past two decades have propelled its study into a high-precision regime, marked by refined measurements of its decay dynamics and line shape, thereby offering critical insights to resolve longstanding debates between molecular, tetraquark, hybrid, and charmonium interpretations of this particle. The BESIII experiment has made seminal contributions to the study of the ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$, leveraging its unique capabilities in high-statistics data acquisition and low-background condition. This article gives a concise review and prospects of the study of the ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ from the BESIII experiment.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phSymmetry(2025)·1 citation
19. 19*

    Bayesian reconstruction of anisotropic flow fluctuations at fixed impact parameter

    Enak Roubertie🇫🇷 · Mathis Verdan🇫🇷 · Andreas Kirchner🇺🇸 · Jean-Yves Ollitrault🇫🇷

    The cumulants of the distribution of anisotropic flow are measured accurately in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC as a function of centrality classifiers (charged multiplicity and/or transverse energy). Using Bayesian inference, we reconstruct from these measurements the probability distribution of anisotropic flow in the ``theorists' frame'' where the impact parameter has a fixed magnitude and orientation, up to $\sim 70\%$ centrality. The variation of flow fluctuations with impact parameter displays direct evidence of viscous damping, which is larger for higher Fourier harmonics, in line with expectations from hydrodynamics. We use intensive measures of non-Gaussian flow fluctuations, which have reduced dependence on centrality. We infer from ATLAS data the magnitude of these intensive non-Gaussianities in each Fourier harmonic. They provide data-driven estimates of response coefficients to initial anisotropies, without resorting to any specific microscopic model of initial conditions. These estimates agree with viscous hydrodynamic calculations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2025)·5 citations
20. 20*

    A Possible Future Use of the LHC Tunnel

    Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Elena Shaposhnikova🇨🇭 · Mikhail Shaposhnikov🇨🇭

    The FCC program at CERN provides an attractive all-in-one solution to address many of the key questions in particle physics. While we fully support the efforts towards this ambitious path, we believe that it is important to prepare a mitigation strategy in case the program faces unexpected obstacles for geopolitical or other reasons. This approach could be based on two components: I) a circular electron-positron collider in the LHC tunnel that operates at the Z-pole energy of 45.6 GeV and II) a high-energy electron-positron linear collider which acts as a Higgs, top quark and W-boson factory, and that can further be extended to TeV energies. The former could reach a high luminosity that is not accessible at a linear collider, the latter could probe the high energy regime with higher sensitivity and discovery potential than LEP3. The program should be flanked by dedicated intensity frontier searches at lower energies. These accelerators can be used in a feasible, timely and cost-efficient way to search for new physics and make precise determination of the parameters of the Standard Model.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-ph0 citations
21. 21*

    Quantum fluctuations of quarks and gluons in nuclei

    Michael L. Wagman🇺🇸

    Acceptance talk for the 2024 Kenneth G. Wilson Award for Excellence in Lattice Field Theory: For key contributions to lattice QCD studies of noise reduction in nuclear systems, the structure of nuclei, and transverse-momentum dependent hadronic structure functions.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
22. 22*

    Dark Matter (S)pins the Planet

    Haihao Shi🇨🇳 · Junda Zhou🇨🇳 · Zhenyang Huang🇨🇳 · Guoliang Lü🇨🇳 · Xuefei Chen🇨🇳

    Dark matter heating in planets has been proposed as a potential probe for dark matter detection. Assuming near-equilibrium conditions, we find that the energy input from dark matter raises planetary temperatures and accelerates rotation. The distribution of energy between heating and rotational acceleration depends on both planetary properties and external inputs, suggesting that previous studies may have overestimated the heating contribution. At high dark matter densities, planetary rotation stabilizes earlier and becomes primarily governed by dark matter effects.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPhep-phJCAP(2026)·0 citations
23. 23*

    Linear sigma model with quarks and Polyakov loop in rotation: phase diagrams, Tolman-Ehrenfest law and mechanical properties

    Pracheta Singha🇷🇴 · Sergiu Busuioc🇷🇴 · Victor E. Ambrus🇷🇴 · Maxim N. Chernodub🇫🇷

    We study the effect of rotation on the confining and chiral properties of QCD using the Polyakov-enhanced linear sigma model coupled to quarks. Working in the homogeneous approximation, we obtain the phase diagram at finite temperature, baryon density and angular frequency, taking into account the causality constraint enforced by the spectral boundary conditions at a cylindrical surface. We explicitly address various limits with respect to system size $R$, angular frequency $\Omega$ and chemical potential $\mu$. We demonstrate that, in this model, the critical temperatures of both the chiral restoration and the deconfinement transitions diminish in response to the increasing rotation, being in contradiction with the first-principle lattice results. We demonstrate that consistency between the thermodynamics of the model and the Tolman-Ehrenfest law is achieved in the limit of large volume. We also compute the mechanical characteristics of the rotating plasma, such as the moment of inertia and the $K_n$ shape coefficients describing the response of the thermodynamic potential with respect to the increase of angular velocity $\Omega$.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
24. 24*

    Practical Criteria for Entanglement and Nonlocality in Systems with Additive Observables

    Alexander Bernal🇪🇸 · J. Alberto Casas🇪🇸 · Juan Falceto🇪🇸

    For general bipartite mixed states, a sufficient and necessary mathematical condition for certifying entanglement and/or (Bell) non-locality remains unknown. In this paper, we examine this question for a broad and physically relevant class of bipartite systems, specifically those possessing an additive observable with a definite value. Such systems include, for example, final states of particle decays or bipartitions of spin chains with well-defined magnetization. We derive very simple, handy criteria for detecting entanglement or non-locality in many cases. For instance, if ${\rho }_{\left(mp\right)\left(nq\right)}\ne 0$, where the eigenstates $|np⟩$ or $|mq⟩$ do not correspond to the given definite value of the additive observable, then the state is necessarily entangled-this condition is very easy to check in practice. If, in addition, the partitioned Hilbert space has dimension 2xd, the condition becomes necessary. Furthermore, if the sectors associated with the eigenstates $|mp⟩$ or $|nq⟩$ are non-degenerate, there exists a CHSH inequality that is violated. We illustrate these results by analyzing the potential detection of entanglement and nonlocality in Higgs to ZZ decays at the LHC.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
25. 25*

    Spectral properties of bottomonium at high temperature: a systematic investigation

    Jon-Ivar Skullerud🇮🇪 · Gert Aarts🇬🇧 · Chris Allton🇬🇧 · M. Naeem Anwar🇬🇧 · Ryan Bignell🇮🇪 · Timothy J. Burns🇬🇧 · Rachel Horohan D'arcy🇮🇪 · Benjamin Jäger🇩🇰 · Seyong Kim🇰🇷 · Maria Paola Lombardo🇮🇹 · Ben Page🇬🇧 · Sinéad M. Ryan🇮🇪 · Antonio Smecca🇬🇧 · Tom Spriggs🇬🇧

    We investigate spectral features of bottomonium at high temperature, in particular the thermal mass shift and width of ground state S-wave and P-wave state. We employ and compare a range of methods for determining these features from lattice NRQCD correlators, including direct correlator analyses (multi-exponential fits and moments of spectral functions), linear methods (Backus-Gilbert, Tikhonov and HLT methods), and Bayesian methods for spectral function reconstruction (MEM and BR). We comment on the reliability and limitations of the various methods.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·4 citations
26. 26*

    Chiral Vortical Instability

    Shuai Wang🇨🇳 · Koichi Hattori🇨🇳 · Xu-Guang Huang🇨🇳 · Andrey V. Sadofyev🇵🇹

    We revisit the collective modes of chiral matter described by the second-order chiral hydrodynamics, noticing that chiral shear waves (CSWs) may become unstable for momenta above a characteristic scale. In the absence of sufficient dissipation, this instability emerges within the hydrodynamic regime, depending on the interplay between shear viscosity and the anomalous vortical contribution to the stress-energy tensor at second order in hydrodynamic expansion. We show that this instability generates helical flows and name it the {\it chiral vortical instability} (CVI). Alongside the chiral plasma and magnetovortical instabilities, CVI tends to transfer initial microscopic chirality into macroscopic helicities, which combine into a generalized axial charge. We further find that an elementary static Gromeka-Arnold-Beltrami-Childress flow, corresponding to a CSW at a specific momentum, solves the full nonlinear equations of second-order chiral hydrodynamics, whereas global rotation of a chiral medium is not a solution. This observation supports the relevance of CVI beyond the hydrodynamic regime. Finally, we briefly note that CVI may have multiple phenomenological implications across various systems, including QCD matter produced in heavy-ion collisions and primordial plasma in the early Universe.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-th3 citations
27. 27*

    Every Nearby Energetic Pulsar Is Surrounded by a Region of Inhibited Diffusion

    Isabelle John🇮🇹 · Tim Linden🇸🇪

    The H.E.S.S. telescope has recently detected the total electron-plus-positron ($e^{+}{e}^{-}$) flux up to 40 TeV, finding it to be a featureless and steeply-falling power-law above 1 TeV. This result is in stark tension with standard one-zone models of pulsar $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ injection and diffusion, which predict a hard-spectrum signal above $\sim$10 TeV. We model the local pulsar population, and find 20 sources that would each $individually$ overproduce the H.E.S.S. $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ flux in a one-zone diffusion model. We conclude that $every$ energetic pulsar younger than $\sim$500 kyr must be surrounded by a region of inhibited diffusion ($e.g.$, a supernova remnant, pulsar wind nebula, or TeV halo) that prevents the transport of these $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ to Earth. Because the high-electron density in these regions produces bright synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission, we conclude that all nearby pulsars are detectable as (potentially unassociated) radio, x-ray or $\gamma$-ray sources.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2026)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.