Wed·Mar 19, 2025Wednesday·March 19, 2025

1. 01*

   Teaming up MET plus jet with Drell-Yan in the SMEFT

   Gudrun Hiller🇩🇪 · Lara Nollen🇩🇪 · Daniel Wendler🇩🇪

   The Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) is a widely utilized framework for exploring new physics effects in a model-independent manner. In previous studies, Drell-Yan collider data has emerged as a promising signature due to its energy enhancement relative to Standard Model predictions. We present recent works, extending this approach by also considering the "missing energy + jet" signature, which can constrain related dineutrino couplings and similarly benefits from energy enhancement. The combination of these observables allows for constraining a broader selection of operators and helps resolve flat directions in a global analysis. Overall, the bounds probe the multi-TeV range, with the strongest reaching up to $10\text{TeV}$ for four-fermion interactions and $7\text{TeV}$ for gluonic dipole interactions. Furthermore, we find that low energy flavor observables improve limits by up to a factor of three for dipole operators. We also estimate sensitivities to new physics at future hadron colliders including the $\sqrt{s}=27\text{TeV}$ HE-LHC and the $\sqrt{s}=100\text{TeV}$ FCC-hh.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
2. 02*

   Energy transfer by feebly interacting particles in supernovae: the trapping regime

   Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇪 · Tetyana Pitik🇺🇸 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇮🇹

   Feebly interacting particles, such as sterile neutrinos, dark photons, and axions, can be abundantly produced in the proto-neutron star (PNS) formed in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). These particles can decay into photons or charged leptons, depositing energy outside the PNS. Strong bounds on new particles can thus be derived from the observed luminosity of CCSNe, with even tighter bounds obtained from low-energy SNe observations. For the first time we highlight that, at sufficiently large couplings, particle production \textit{outside} the PNS must also be considered. Using the prototypical case of axions coupling to two photons, we show that at large couplings the energy transfer from PNS to its surroundings is diffusive rather than ballistic, substantially reducing the deposited energy. Our findings have implications for the parameter space of particles probed in beam dump experiments and for dark matter models involving a sub-GeV mediator.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRL(2025)·50 citations
3. 03*

   Searching for femtoscopic signatures of the $D\bar{D}(I=0)[X(3700)]$ bound state

   Luciano M. Abreu🇧🇷 · Juan M. Torres-Rincon🇪🇸

   The femtoscopic $D\bar{D}$ correlations correlation functions are investigated to predict the signature of the not-yet-established $X(3700)$ state. Here it is interpreted as a bound state generated by solving the coupled-channel Bethe-Salpeter equations with the local hidden-gauge formalism. We prospect how the relevant properties and observables characterizing this state -- like the pole position, scattering lengths and compositeness -- might be affected by the variation of the parameters of the model. The amplitudes are then used as input into the momentum correlation functions of the $D^0{\bar{D}}^0$ and $D^{+}{D}^{-}$ pairs. We discuss how their behaviors encode the features of the $X(3700)$ state.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
4. 04*

   The Higgs Self-Coupling at FCC-ee

   Victor Maura🇬🇧 · Ben A. Stefanek🇪🇸 · Tevong You🇬🇧

   Single Higgs production at FCC-ee probes the Higgs self-coupling at next-to-leading order (NLO). Extracting a bound requires a global analysis accounting for other possible new physics contributions up to NLO. We determine the FCC-ee sensitivity to Higgs self-coupling modifications $\delta {\kappa }_{\lambda }$ within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework, including for the first time flavour, LEP, LHC, and FCC-ee observables in a global analysis with all leading NLO effects via one-loop renormalisation group evolution, as well as incorporating finite NLO contributions to electroweak precision and $ZH$ observables. The global sensitivity to $\delta {\kappa }_{\lambda }$ is estimated by marginalising over the effects of all other operators, bringing flavour considerations to the fore. We find that, under reasonable assumptions, FCC-ee sensitivity to $\delta {\kappa }_{\lambda }$ can exceed that of the HL-LHC.

   hep-phhep-exPRL(2025)·31 citations
5. 05*

   Investigations of symmetry breakings by multiple condensates on exotic chiral condensed phases

   Joshua Murakami (Kochi Univ., Japan)🇯🇵 · Kentaro Hayashi (Kochi Univ., Japan)🇯🇵 · Yasuhiko Tsue (Kochi Univ., Japan)🇯🇵

   The Nambu-Goldstone modes on the exiotic chiral condensed phase with chiral and tensor-type quark-antiquark condensates are investigated by using of the two-point vertex functions. It is shown that one of the Nambu-Goldstone modes appears as a result of meson-mixing. As is well known, another method to find the Nambu-Goldstone modes is given by the use of the algebraic commutation relations between broken generators and massless modes obtained through the spontaneous symmetry breaking. This method is adopted to the cases of the chiral symmetry breakings due to the tensor-type condensate and the inhomogeneous chiral condensate. The result obtained by the use of the meson two-point vertex functions is obviously reproduced in the case of the tensor-type condensate. Furthermore, we investigate the general rules for determining the broken symmetries and the Nambu-Goldstone modes algebraically. As examples, the symmetry breaking pattern and the Nambu-Goldstone modes due to the tensor-type condensate or the inhomogeneous chiral condensate are shown by adopting the general rules developed in this paper in the algebraic method.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Flavour Physics and CP Violation

   Gino Isidori🇨🇭

   These lectures provide a concise introduction to flavor physics, within and beyond the Standard Model, with main focus on B-physics phenomenology and some recent developments. The first lecture is an introduction to the flavor sector of the Standard Model. The second lecture is devoted to B-meson mixing and rare B decays. The last lecture contains a general discussion about flavor physics beyond the Standard Model, with a highlighting of recent developments related to the idea of flavor deconstruction.

   hep-ph7 citations
7. 07*

   Double parton interactions initiated by direct photons in $\gamma p$ and $\gamma A$ collisions revisited

   B. Blok (Technion)🇮🇱 · R. Segev (Technion)🇮🇱

   We consider the double parton scattering (DPS) initiated by direct photons in $\gamma p$ and $\gamma A$ collisions. We extend the previously known results for photoproduction to the case of electroproduction with nonzero photon virtuality $Q^2$, and then consider the DPS for both photo and electroproduction for HERA and IEC ( electron ion collider) kinematics. The number of DPS events at IEC is shown to be of the same order as in HERA and is even larger, with increase in luminocity compensating the decrease of the center of mass energy.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2026)·4 citations
8. 08*

   The infrared-safe Minkowskian Curci-Ferrari model

   Santiago Oribe🇺🇾 · Marcela Peláez🇺🇾 · Urko Reinosa🇫🇷

   We discuss the existence of Landau-pole-free renormalization group trajectories in the Minkowskian version of the Curci-Ferrari model as a function of a running parameter $q^2$ associated to the four-vector $q$ at which renormalization conditions are imposed, and which can take both space-like ($q^2<0$) and time-like ($q^2>0$) values. We discuss two possible extensions of the infrared-safe scheme defined in Ref. [Phys. Rev. D, 84, 045018, 2011] for the Euclidean version of the model, which coincide with the latter in the space-like region upon identifying $Q^2\equiv -q^2$ with the square of the renormalization scale in that reference. The first extension uses real-valued renormalization factors and leads to a flow in the time-like region with a similar structure as the flow in the space-like region (or in the Euclidean model), including a non-trivial fixed point and a family of trajectories bounded at all scales by the value of the coupling at this fixed point. Interestingly, the fixed point in the time-like region has a much smaller value of $\lambda \equiv g^{2}N/16{\pi }^2$ than the corresponding one in the space-like region, a value closer to the perturbative boundary $\lambda =1$. However, in this real-valued infrared-safe scheme, the flow cannot connect the time-like and space-like regions. Thus, it is not possible to deduce the relevant time-like flow trajectory from the sole knowledge of a space-like flow trajectory. To try to cure this problem, we investigate a second extension of the Euclidean IR-safe scheme, which allows for complex-valued renormalization factors. We discuss under which conditions these schemes can make sense and study their ability to connect space- and time-like flow trajectories. In particular, we investigate to which types of time-like trajectories the perturbative space-like trajectories are mapped onto.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Study of gravitational waves from phase transitions in three-component dark matter

   Mohammad Hossein Rahimi Abkenar🇮🇷 · Ahmad Mohamadnejad🇮🇷 · Reza Sepahvand🇮🇷

   This paper studies gravitational waves in a dark matter model composed of three types of particles with distinct spins, along with a scalar field $\varphi$ that mediates interactions between Standard Model particles and dark matter. It discusses the electroweak phase transition following the Big Bang, during which all particles are initially massless due to the inactive Higgs mechanism. As temperature decreases, the effective potential reaches zero at two points, leading to two minima at the critical temperature ($T_c$), and eventually to a true vacuum state. The formation of new vacuum bubbles, where electroweak symmetry is broken and particles acquire mass, generates gravitational waves as these bubbles interact with the fabric of space-time. The paper derives the gravitational wave frequency and detection range based on the model's parameters, aligning with observational data from the Planck satellite and detection thresholds from PandaX-4T and XENONnT for some parameter points. It concludes by comparing the predicted background gravitational wave density with the sensitivities of LISA, BBO and $\mu$-Ares detectors.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter from Primordial Black Holes: Gravitational Wave Signatures and Implications for KM3-230213A Event at KM3NeT

    Siyu Jiang🇨🇳 · Fa Peng Huang🇨🇳

    In many well-motivated new physics models, the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) from U(1) symmetry breaking emerges as a promising dark matter candidate. Its coupling, suppressed by the symmetry breaking scale, prevents thermal equilibrium in the early Universe for high scale symmetry breaking. Thus, pNGB dark matter is predominantly produced via non-thermal mechanisms, such as the freeze-in process through a new portal coupling. In this work, we explore a novel mechanism for the production of pNGB dark matter even with feeble Higgs portal coupling-arising from Hawking radiation or superradiance of primordial black holes. We systematically investigate the production of light and heavy pNGB dark matter, both for Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes. We also discuss its potential gravitational wave signatures from domain wall collapse, density perturbations, and Hawking radiation. If the ultraviolet (UV) model is considered, the recent $\mathcal{O}$(100) PeV neutrino event KM3-230213A at KM3NeT can be naturally explained.

    hep-phJCAP(2025)·24 citations
11. 11*

    Leptogenesis in five-dimensional asymptotic Grand Unification models

    Timothe Alezraa🇫🇷 · Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷

    Asymptotic grand unification models can be constructed in five dimensions compactified on an orbifold. We demonstrate that the parameter space of such models admit solutions that naturally achieve the baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis, these solutions indicating that the scale of the extra dimensions is much higher than the TeV scale.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Neutron portal to ultra-high-energy neutrinos

    Gustavo F. S. Alves🇧🇷 · Matheus Hostert🇺🇸 · Maxim Pospelov🇺🇸

    Current data on ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays suggest they are predominantly made of heavy nuclei. This indicates that the flux of neutrinos produced from proton collisions on the cosmic microwave background is small and hard to observe. Motivated by the recent extremely-high-energy muon event reported by KM3NeT, we explore the possibility of enhancing the energy-flux of cosmogenic neutrinos through nuclear photodisintegration in the presence of new physics. Specifically, we speculate that UHE neutrons may oscillate into a new state, dark (or mirror) neutron $n^{\prime }$ that in turn decays injecting large amount of energy to neutrinos, $n\to n^{\prime }\to {\nu }_{\text{UHE}}$. While this mechanism does not explain the tension between the KM3NeT event and null results from IceCube, it reconciles the experimental preference for a heavier cosmic ray composition with a large diffuse cosmogenic flux of UHE neutrinos.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2026)·20 citations
13. 13*

    Shedding Infrared Light on QCD Axion and ALP Dark Matter with JWST

    Akash Kumar Saha🇮🇳 · Subhadip Bouri🇮🇳 · Anirban Das🇮🇳 · Abhishek Dubey🇮🇳 · Ranjan Laha🇮🇳

    James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has opened up a new chapter in infrared astronomy. Besides the discovery and a deeper understanding of various astrophysical sources, JWST can also uncover the non-gravitational nature of dark matter (DM). If DM is QCD axion or an eV-scale Axion-like particle (ALP), it can decay into two photons in the infrared band. This will produce a distinct line signature in the spectroscopic observations made by JWST. Using the latest NIRSpec IFU spectroscopic observations from JWST, we put the strongest bound on the photon coupling for QCD axion/ ALP DM in the mass range between 0.47 and 2.55 eV. In particular, we are able to probe a new mass range for ALP DM between $\sim$ 0.47 eV to 0.78 eV beyond what can be probed by globular cluster observations. We constrain well-motivated and UV complete models of QCD axion and ALP DM, including predictions from some models derived from string theory and/ or various Grand Unification scenarios. Future JWST observations of DM-rich systems with a better understanding of the astrophysical and instrumental backgrounds can thus enable us to potentially discover QCD axion and ALP DM. The datasets used in this work are available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.17909/3e5f-nv69

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex16 citations
14. 14*

    Impacts of Primordial Black Holes in the Early Universe

    Jacob Gunn🇮🇹

    The work presented in this thesis draws back the curtain on the physics of the primordial universe by leveraging Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as cosmological probes. The violent deaths of ultralight PBHs are shown to severely inhibit leptogenesis, alter the sphaleron freeze-out temperature and provide an opportunity to rule out models of leptogenesis which would otherwise evade direct detection experiments for effective eternity. Turning to the extreme temperature gradients of hot spots, the evolution and formation of hot spots was considered in an expanding background for the first time, and a formalism treating the propagation of Hawking radiation was introduced. Upon addressing the previously unexplored effects of hot spots on Hawking radiation, it was discovered that hot spots can support successful leptogenesis after sphaleron freeze-out, and efficiently absorb radiated Dark Matter. These examples hint at an intricate, rich tapestry of physics in hot spots.

    hep-phgr-qc1 citation
15. 15*

    Quantum contextuality of spin-1 massive particles

    M. Fabbrichesi🇮🇹 · R. Floreanini🇮🇹 · E. Gabrielli🇮🇹 · L. Marzola🇪🇪

    Contextuality is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics. Contrary to entanglement, which can only exist in composite systems, contextuality is also present for single entities. The case of a three-level system is of particular interest because--in agreement with the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem--it is the simplest in which quantum contextuality is necessarily present. We verify that the polarizations of spin-1 massive particles produced at collider experiments indeed exhibit contextuality. To this purpose we consider $W$ gauge bosons produced in top-quark decays, $J/\psi$ and $K^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ mesons created in $B$-meson decays and $\varphi$ mesons resulting from ${\chi }_c^0$ charmonium decays, making use of the data collected and analyzed by the ATLAS, LHCb and BESIII collaborations, respectively. The polarizations of all these four particles show contextuality with a significance of more than $5\sigma$.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPRA(2025)·9 citations
16. 16*

    Stringent Constraints on Self-Interacting Dark Matter Using Milky-Way Satellite Galaxies Kinematics

    Shin'ichiro Ando🇳🇱 · Kohei Hayashi · Shunichi Horigome · Masahiro Ibe🇯🇵 · Satoshi Shirai🇯🇵

    Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) has been proposed to address small-scale challenges faced by the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm, such as the diverse density profiles observed in dwarf galaxies. In this study, we analyze the kinematics of dwarf galaxies by incorporating the effects of gravothermal core collapse into SIDM models using a semi-analytical subhalo framework. Our analysis covers the stellar kinematics of both classical and ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. The results indicate a bimodal preference for small and large self-interaction cross sections in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies, while in classical dwarfs, larger cross sections progressively decrease the model's statistical support. The combined analysis decisively prefers CDM to SIDM when the self-interaction cross section per unit mass, $\sigma /m$, exceeds $\sim$0.2 cm${}^2$/g, if a velocity-independent cross section is assumed. Our study significantly enhances our understanding of dark matter dynamics on small scales.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph15 citations
17. 17*

    SN 2023ixf in the Pinwheel Galaxy M101: From Shock Breakout to the Nebular Phase

    Weikang Zheng🇺🇸 · Luc Dessart🇫🇷 · Alexei V. Filippenko🇺🇸 · Yi Yang🇨🇳 · Thomas G. Brink🇺🇸 · Thomas De Jaeger🇫🇷 · Sergiy S. Vasylyev🇺🇸 · Schuyler D. Van Dyk🇺🇸 · Kishore C. Patra🇺🇸 · Wynn V. Jacobson-Galan🇺🇸 · Gabrielle E. Stewart🇺🇸 · Efrain Alvarado III🇺🇸 and 30 other authors

    We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2023ixf covering from day one to 442 days after explosion. SN 2023ixf reached a peak $V$-band absolute magnitude of $-18.2\pm 0.07$, and light curves show that it is in the fast-decliner (IIL) subclass with a relatively short ``plateau'' phase (fewer than $\sim 70$ days). Early-time spectra of SN 2023ixf exhibit strong, very narrow emission lines from ionized circumstellar matter (CSM), possibly indicating a Type IIn classification. But these flash/shock-ionization emission features faded after the first week and the spectrum evolved in a manner similar to that of typical Type II SNe, unlike the case of most genuine SNe~IIn in which the ejecta interact with CSM for an extended period of time and develop intermediate-width emission lines. We compare observed spectra of SN 2023ixf with various model spectra to understand the physics behind SN 2023ixf. Our nebular spectra (between 200-400 d) match best with the model spectra from a 15 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ progenitor which experienced enhanced mass loss a few years before explosion. A last-stage mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}=0.01{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$ from the r1w6 model matches best with the early-time spectra, higher than $\dot{M}\approx 2.4\times 10^{-3}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$ derived from the ionized H$\alpha$ luminosity at 1.58 d. We also use SN 2023ixf as a distance indicator and fit the light curves to derive the Hubble constant by adding SN 2023ixf to the existing sample; we obtain H${}_0=73.1_{-3.50}^{+3.68}$ km s${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$, consistent with the results from SNe~Ia and many other independent methods.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phApJ(2025)·24 citations
18. 18*

    The $\pi \pi$ scattering amplitude at large $N_{\text{c}}$

    Jorge Baeza-Ballesteros🇪🇸 · Pilar Hernández🇪🇸 · Fernando Romero-López🇨🇭

    We study the scaling of meson-meson scattering amplitudes with the number of colors, $N_{\text{c}}$. We use lattice calculations in a theory with $N_{\text{f}}=4$ degenerate flavors, with $N_{\text{c}}=3-6$ and pion mass $M_{\pi }\approx 560$ MeV. We focus on three different scattering channels, two of which have the same quantum numbers as some tetraquark candidates recently found at LHCb: the $T_{cs0}^0(2900)$, $T_{c\bar{s}0}^{++}(2900)$, $T_{c\bar{s}0}^0(2900)$ and $T_{c\bar{s}1}^0(2900)$ states. Finite-volume energies are extracted using a large set of operators, containing two-particle operators with the form of two pions or two vector mesons, and local tetraquark operators. The resulting energy spectra is used to constrain the infinite-volume scattering amplitude by means of Lüscher's quantization condition. We consider polynomial parametrizations of the phase shift, as well as one-loop chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) predictions. We find that our lattice results follow the expected $N_{\text{c}}$ scaling and are sensitive to subleading $N_{\text{c}}$ corrections. In addition, we constrain the scaling of different combinations of low-energy constants from matching to large $N_{\text{c}}$ ChPT. The results for the channel corresponding to a $({\pi }^{+}{D}_s^{+}-K^{+}{D}^{+})$ state show evidence of a virtual bound state with energy $E_{\text{virtual}}=1.63(10)M_{\pi }$ for $N_{\text{c}}=3$, while this pole disappears at $N_{\text{c}}>3$. This may be connected to the exotic states found in experiment.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·7 citations
19. 19*

    Propagation Times and Energy Losses of Cosmic Protons and Antiprotons in Interplanetary Space

    Nicola Tomassetti🇮🇹 · Bruna Bertucci🇮🇹 · Emanuele Fiandrini🇮🇹 · Behrouz Khiali🇮🇹

    In this paper, we investigate the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays in interplanetary space, focusing on their propagation times and energy losses over the solar cycle. To perform the calculations, we employed a data-driven model based on the stochastic method. Our model was calibrated using time-resolved and energy-resolved data from several missions including AMS-02, PAMELA, EPHIN/SOHO, BESS, and data from Voyager-1. This approach allows us to calculate probability density functions for the propagation time and energy losses of cosmic protons and antiprotons in the heliosphere. Furthermore, we explore the temporal evolution of these probabilities spanning from 1993 to 2018, covering a full 22-year cycle of magnetic polarity, which includes two solar minima and two magnetic reversals. Our calculations were carried out for cosmic protons and antiprotons, enabling us to investigate the role of charge-sign dependent effects in cosmic ray transport. These findings provide valuable insights into the physical processes of cosmic-ray propagation in the heliosphere and contribute to a deeper understanding of the solar modulation phenomenon.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phphysics.space-phGalaxies(2025)·6 citations
20. 20*

    Core-collapse supernova explosions hindered by eV-mass sterile neutrinos

    Kanji Mori🇯🇵 · Tomoya Takiwaki🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵 · Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵

    Light sterile neutrinos, ${\nu }_s$, are often introduced to explain an anomalous deficit in the electron antineutrino flux from nuclear reactors. If they exist, sterile neutrinos would also be produced in collapsing massive stars through the active-sterile neutrino oscillation. In order to investigate the impacts of sterile neutrinos on supernova dynamics, we perform two-dimensional neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations of stellar core-collapse coupled with the active-sterile oscillation through the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect. As the initial condition of our simulations, we adopt a blue supergiant model that is tuned to reproduce observational features of the SN 1987A progenitor to compare our models with observations of the event. It is found that the active-sterile oscillation reduces the ${\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ fluxes and decreases the explosion energy. We also find that, if the mixing angle $\theta$ and the mass difference $\delta m_{\mathrm{s}}^2$ between ${\nu }_e$ and ${\nu }_s$ are large enough, the star fails to explode. This suggests that these mixing parameters relevant to sterile neutrinos could be constrained by supernova explodability, though other uncertainties in supernova theory need to be addressed to refine them. In addition, we predict neutrino signals from a nearby supernova event and find that the neutrino event number can significantly decrease because the ${\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ fluxes are reduced. In particular, DUNE observations of ${\nu }_e$ will be useful to search for a signature of sterile neutrinos with a tiny mixing angle because a smaller mixing angle leads to a larger effect on the ${\nu }_e$ flux.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
21. 21*

    Superallowed $0^{+}\to 0^{+}$ $\beta$ decay studies at GANIL and upcoming opportunities with DESIR and S${}^3$-LEB

    B. M. Rebeiro🇫🇷 · J.-C. Thomas🇫🇷 · B. Blank🇫🇷

    Corrected transition rates ($\mathcal{F}{t}^{0^{+}\to 0^{+}}$) of $0^{+}\to 0^{+}$ superallowed $\beta$ decays currently give the most precise value of $V_{ud}$, the dominant term of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix. By setting stringent constrains on the CKM unitarity, these decays allow probing physics beyond the Standard Model in the electroweak sector. A recent global reevaluation of the $\mathcal{F}{t}^{0^{+}\to 0^{+}}$ values has indicated a violation of CKM unitarity prompting reassessment of the theoretical radiative and isospin symmetry breaking corrections applied on the experimental transition rates $ft$. In this article we briefly discuss this current situation and the experimental program at GANIL geared towards constraining isospin symmetry breaking corrections. We conclude by presenting the opportunities that will be available at DESIR and S${}^3$-LEB, the upcoming low-energy radioactive ion beam facilities at GANIL.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phPhys.Scripta(2025)·1 citation
22. 22*

    Lattice Monte Carlo meets lattice functional Renormalization Group: A quantitative comparison

    Niklas Zorbach🇩🇪 · Jan Philipp Klinger🇩🇪 · Owe Philipsen🇩🇪 · Jens Braun🇩🇪

    Lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and the functional Renormalization Group (RG) are powerful approaches that allow for quantitative studies of non-perturbative phenomena such as bound-state formation, spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. While results from both methods have recently shown remarkable agreement for many observables, e.g., in Quantum Chromodynamics, an analysis of deviations in certain quantities turns out to be challenging. This is because calculations with the two methods are based on different approximations, regularizations and scale fixing procedures. In the present work, we present a framework for a more direct comparison by formulating the functional RG approach on a finite spacetime lattice. This removes all ambiguities of regularization, finite size and scale fixing procedures in concrete studies. By investigating the emergence of spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions in a $Z(2)$ scalar theory in $d=1,2,3$ spacetime dimensions, we demonstrate at the example of the local potential approximation how this framework can be used to evaluate and compare the systematic errors of both approaches.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
23. 23*

    Strategic White Paper on AI Infrastructure for Particle, Nuclear, and Astroparticle Physics: Insights from JENA and EuCAIF

    Sascha Caron🇳🇱 · Andreas Ipp🇦🇹 · Gert Aarts🇬🇧 · Gábor Bíró🇭🇺 · Daniele Bonacorsi🇮🇹 · Elena Cuoco🇮🇹 · Caterina Doglioni🇬🇧 · Tommaso Dorigo🇸🇪 · Julián García Pardiñas🇺🇸 · Stefano Giagu🇮🇹 · Tobias Golling🇨🇭 · Lukas Heinrich🇩🇪 and 7 other authors

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming scientific research, with deep learning methods playing a central role in data analysis, simulations, and signal detection across particle, nuclear, and astroparticle physics. Within the JENA communities-ECFA, NuPECC, and APPEC-and as part of the EuCAIF initiative, AI integration is advancing steadily. However, broader adoption remains constrained by challenges such as limited computational resources, a lack of expertise, and difficulties in transitioning from research and development (R&D) to production. This white paper provides a strategic roadmap, informed by a community survey, to address these barriers. It outlines critical infrastructure requirements, prioritizes training initiatives, and proposes funding strategies to scale AI capabilities across fundamental physics over the next five years.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HEcs.AIcs.LG+3Mach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2026)·5 citations
24. 24*

    Self-Similarity of Loop Amplitudes

    Kang-Sin Choi🇰🇷

    We present an amplitude-generating formula in renormalizable quantum field theory. It reflects the self-similarity of loop amplitudes, in which an amplitude can also be a subamplitude of another. Amplitudes are generated by a small number of "irreducible" ones, which may replace tree-level couplings to form more complex amplitudes.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph1 citation
25. 25*

    End-to-End Optimal Detector Design with Mutual Information Surrogates

    Kinga Anna Wozniak🇨🇭 · Stephen Mulligan🇨🇭 · Jan Kieseler🇩🇪 · Markus Klute🇩🇪 · Francois Fleuret🇫🇷 · Tobias Golling🇨🇭

    We introduce a novel approach for end-to-end black-box optimization of high energy physics (HEP) detectors using local deep learning (DL) surrogates. These surrogates approximate a scalar objective function that encapsulates the complex interplay of particle-matter interactions and physics analysis goals. In addition to a standard reconstruction-based metric commonly used in the field, we investigate the information-theoretic metric of mutual information. Unlike traditional methods, mutual information is inherently task-agnostic, offering a broader optimization paradigm that is less constrained by predefined targets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in a realistic physics analysis scenario: optimizing the thicknesses of calorimeter detector layers based on simulated particle interactions. The surrogate model learns to approximate objective gradients, enabling efficient optimization with respect to energy resolution. Our findings reveal three key insights: (1) end-to-end black-box optimization using local surrogates is a practical and compelling approach for detector design, providing direct optimization of detector parameters in alignment with physics analysis goals; (2) mutual information-based optimization yields design choices that closely match those from state-of-the-art physics-informed methods, indicating that these approaches operate near optimality and reinforcing their reliability in HEP detector design; and (3) information-theoretic methods provide a powerful, generalizable framework for optimizing scientific instruments. By reframing the optimization process through an information-theoretic lens rather than domain-specific heuristics, mutual information enables the exploration of new avenues for discovery beyond conventional approaches.

    ↳ cs.LGhep-phMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Nuclear configurational complexity in high-energy hadron-hadron scatterings

    G. Karapetyan🇧🇷

    This paper investigates high-energy hadron-hadron scattering utilizing AdS/QCD correspondence, gravitational form factors, and the Brower-Polchinski-Strassler-Tan pomeron exchange kernel. We use the configurational complexity to estimate the slope of the total cross section for hadron-hadron interactions at the high-energy regime. Our approach agrees well with the phenomenological cross sections regulated by Pomeron exchange involving the pion-nucleon, nucleon-nucleon, and pion-pion, in data from the TOTEM collaboration (LHC). In the case of pion-nucleon and pion-pion scattering, the agreement for the global critical point of the configurational complexity has good accuracy within 2.3\%.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
27. 27*

    The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Power Spectra, Likelihoods and $\Lambda$CDM Parameters

    Thibaut Louis🇫🇷 · Adrien La Posta🇬🇧 · Zachary Atkins🇺🇸 · Hidde T. Jense🇬🇧 · Irene Abril-Cabezas🇬🇧 · Graeme E. Addison🇺🇸 · Peter A. R. Ade🇬🇧 · Simone Aiola🇺🇸 · Tommy Alford🇺🇸 · David Alonso🇬🇧 · Mandana Amiri🇨🇦 · Rui An🇺🇸 and 156 other authors

    We present power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy in temperature and polarization, measured from the Data Release 6 maps made from Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) data. These cover 19,000 deg${}^2$ of sky in bands centered at 98, 150 and 220 GHz, with white noise levels three times lower than Planck in polarization. We find that the ACT angular power spectra estimated over 10,000 deg${}^2$, and measured to arcminute scales in TT, TE and EE, are well fit by the sum of CMB and foregrounds, where the CMB spectra are described by the $\Lambda$CDM model. Combining ACT with larger-scale Planck data, the joint P-ACT dataset provides tight limits on the ingredients, expansion rate, and initial conditions of the universe. We find similar constraining power, and consistent results, from either the Planck power spectra or from ACT combined with WMAP data, as well as from either temperature or polarization in the joint P-ACT dataset. When combined with CMB lensing from ACT and Planck, and baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI DR1, we measure a baryon density of ${\Omega }_b{h}^2=0.0226\pm 0.0001$, a cold dark matter density of ${\Omega }_c{h}^2=0.118\pm 0.001$, a Hubble constant of $H_0=68.22\pm 0.36$ km/s/Mpc, a spectral index of $n_s=0.974\pm 0.003$, and an amplitude of density fluctuations of ${\sigma }_8=0.813\pm 0.005$. Including the DESI DR2 data tightens the Hubble constant to $H_0=68.43\pm 0.27$ km/s/Mpc; $\Lambda$CDM parameters agree between the P-ACT and DESI DR2 data at the $1.6\sigma$ level. We find no evidence for excess lensing in the power spectrum, and no departure from spatial flatness. The contribution from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) anisotropy is detected at high significance; we find evidence for a tilt with suppressed small-scale power compared to our baseline SZ template spectrum, consistent with hydrodynamical simulations with feedback.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·743 citations
28. 28*

    The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Constraints on Extended Cosmological Models

    Erminia Calabrese🇬🇧 · J. Colin Hill🇺🇸 · Hidde T. Jense🇬🇧 · Adrien La Posta🇬🇧 · Irene Abril-Cabezas🇬🇧 · Graeme E. Addison🇺🇸 · Peter A. R. Ade🇬🇧 · Simone Aiola🇺🇸 · Tommy Alford🇺🇸 · David Alonso🇬🇧 · Mandana Amiri🇨🇦 · Rui An🇺🇸 and 160 other authors

    We use new cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) to test foundational assumptions of the standard cosmological model and set constraints on extensions to it. We derive constraints from the ACT DR6 power spectra alone, as well as in combination with legacy data from Planck. To break geometric degeneracies, we include ACT and Planck CMB lensing data and baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI Year-1, and further add supernovae measurements from Pantheon+ for models that affect the late-time expansion history. We verify the near-scale-invariance (running of the spectral index $d{n}_s/d\ln k=0.0062\pm 0.0052$) and adiabaticity of the primordial perturbations. Neutrino properties are consistent with Standard Model predictions: we find no evidence for new light, relativistic species that are free-streaming ($N_{\mathrm{eff}}=2.86\pm 0.13$, which combined with external BBN data becomes $N_{\mathrm{eff}}=2.89\pm 0.11$), for non-zero neutrino masses ($\sum m_{\nu }<0.082$ eV at 95% CL), or for neutrino self-interactions. We also find no evidence for self-interacting dark radiation ($N_{\mathrm{idr}}<0.134$), early-universe variation of fundamental constants, early dark energy, primordial magnetic fields, or modified recombination. Our data are consistent with standard BBN, the FIRAS-inferred CMB temperature, a dark matter component that is collisionless and with only a small fraction allowed as axion-like particles, a cosmological constant, and the late-time growth rate predicted by general relativity. We find no statistically significant preference for a departure from the baseline $\Lambda$CDM model. In general, models introduced to increase the Hubble constant or to decrease the amplitude of density fluctuations inferred from the primary CMB are not favored by our data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·594 citations
29. 29*

    Association of 220 PeV Neutrino KM3-230213A with Gamma-Ray Bursts

    Ruiqi Wang🇨🇳 · Jie Zhu🇨🇳 · Hao Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    Recently, the KM3NeT Collaboration announced the detection of a 220 PeV neutrino from the celestial coordinates RA=94.3\degree~ and Dec=-7.8\degree~ on 13 February 2023 at 01:16:47 UTC \cite{KM3NeT:2025npi}. The source for this extra-ordinary cosmic neutrino, designated KM3-230213A, is not identified yet but there has been speculation that it might be associated with a gamma-ray burst GRB~090401B \cite{Amelino-Camelia:2025lqn}. The purpose of this report is to search the association of this 220 PeV neutrino with potential GRB sources from a more general consideration of Lorentz invariance violation (LV) without predefined LV scale. We try to associate this extra-ordinary neutrino with potential GRBs within angular separation of 1\degree, 3\degree~ and 5\degree~ respectively and the results are listed in Table 1. We find the constraints $E_{\mathrm{LV}}\le 5.3\times 10^{18}$~GeV for subluminal LV violation and $E_{\mathrm{LV}}\le 5.6\times 10^{19}$~GeV for superluminal LV violation if KM3-230213A is a GRB neutrino.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phRes.Notes AAS(2025)·16 citations
30. 30*

    Relativistic Fractons and their Dust

    Qiuyue Liang🇯🇵 · Tom Melia🇯🇵

    We define a relativistic version of the global symmetries responsible for the restricted mobility of fracton quasiparticles. The theories have a symmetry current that is proportional to a vector field that spontaneously breaks Lorentz boost symmetry. We argue that the existence of a pressureless dust in the early universe could be a consequence of this symmetry. We provide an example of a fractonic scalar field with a quartic self-interaction evolving on a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background and show that the interaction gives rise to a separately conserved fluid with equation of state $w=1$.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
31. 31*

    Planck isocurvature constraint on primordial black holes lighter than a kiloton

    TaeHun Kim🇰🇷 · Jinn-Ouk Gong🇰🇷 · Donghui Jeong🇺🇸 · Dong-Won Jung🇰🇷 · Yeong Gyun Kim🇰🇷 · Kang Young Lee🇰🇷

    We demonstrate that primordial black holes (PBHs) lighter than $10^9\text{g}$, which evaporated before the big bang nucleosynthesis, can induce significant isocurvature perturbations due to their biased clustering amplitude and the branching ratio of the Hawking radiation differing from the abundance ratio. By leveraging the upper bound on the isocurvature perturbations from the cosmic microwave background anisotropies reported by the Planck collaboration, we derive a new upper bound on the abundance of these light PBHs in the presence of primordial non-Gaussianity as a working example.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·6 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.