Thu·Mar 13, 2025Thursday·March 13, 2025

1. 01*

   Leptogenesis and Neutrino Masses Via Pseudo-Dirac Gauginos

   Cem Murat Ayber🇨🇦 · Tammi Chowdhury🇨🇦 · Seyda Ipek🇨🇦

   In a $U(1{)}_{R-L}$-symmetric supersymmetric model, pseudo-Dirac bino and wino can act like right-handed neutrinos, generating the light neutrino masses through a hybrid Type I + III inverse seesaw mechanism. We investigate such a model to accommodate the baryon asymmetry of the universe together with neutrino masses. A pseudo-Dirac gaugino goes under particle-antiparticle oscillations. Possible $CP$ violation in bino decays, induced by mixing with the neutrinos, can be enhanced in bino--antibino oscillations. Focusing on a long-lived bino, we show that its oscillations and decays can generate the observed baryon asymmetry while the wino is responsible for generating the neutrino masses. This mechanism requires a decoupled mass spectrum with a bino of mass $M_{\tilde{B}}\sim O(\mathrm{TeV})$ and sfermions with mass $M_{\mathrm{sf}}\gtrsim 25$ TeV. Furthermore, for the bino to decay out-of-equilibrium before the electroweak sphalerons turn off, the messenger scale needs to be ${\Lambda }_M\sim O(10^7\mathrm{TeV})$. We discuss the displaced vertex signals at the LHC resulting from such a high messenger scale.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·0 citations
2. 02*

   Can we determine the exact size of the nucleon?: A comprehensive study of different radii

   The MMGPDs Collaboration · Muhammad Goharipour · Fatemeh Irani · M. H. Amiri · H. Fatehi · Behnam Falahi · A. Moradi · K. Azizi

   The concept of nucleon radii plays a central role in our understanding of the internal structure of protons and neutrons, providing critical insights into the non-perturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). While the charge radius is often interpreted as the ``size" of the nucleon, this interpretation is an oversimplification that overlooks the multifaceted nature of nucleon structure. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different nucleon radii, including the charge and magnetic radii, the axial radius, and the emerging concepts of mechanical and mass radii. We discuss the definitions as well as the experimental, theoretical and phenomenological determinations of these radii, highlighting their distinct physical origins and implications. By synthesizing recent experimental results and theoretical advancements, we emphasize that each radius reflects a specific aspect of the nucleon's internal structure, such as its electric charge distribution, magnetic properties, weak interactions, or internal mechanical stress. In particular, we address the common but misleading interpretation of the proton radius as a simple measure of its size, underscoring the nuanced and context-dependent nature of nucleon radii. Through this exploration, we aim to clarify the roles of these radii in characterizing nucleon structure and to identify open questions that remain to be addressed. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the nucleon and its significance in the broader context of particle and nuclear physics.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latNPB(2025)·23 citations
3. 03*

   Rekindling s-Wave Dark Matter Annihilation Below 10GeV with Breit-Wigner Effects

   Geneviève Bélanger🇫🇷 · Sreemanti Chakraborti🇬🇧 · Cédric Delaunay🇫🇷 · Margaux Jomain🇫🇷

   Velocity-independent (s-wave) annihilation of thermal Dark Matter is ruled out by CMB data for masses below 10GeV, effectively ruling out the possibility of indirectly detecting it in this mass range. We demonstrate in a model-independent framework that Breit-Wigner effects from very narrow resonances can circumvent CMB constraints, thereby reviving the potential to detect s-wave DM annihilation in the present Universe. The density of resonant s-wave Dark Matter continues to evolve long after chemical decoupling, leading to a scenario we refer to as belated freeze-out, where kinetic decoupling plays a significant role in determing the relic density.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
4. 04*

   NGAMMA: A Monte Carlo generator for multiphoton production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation

   L.V. Kardapoltsev🇷🇺 · N.A. Melnikova🇷🇺

   We present the NGAMMA Monte Carlo event generator for QED processes of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation into a multiphoton final state, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to N\gamma (N\ge 2)$. These processes are an important source of background in the study of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to hadrons$ processes with a multiphoton final state, especially for experiments at low energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders like SND, CMD-3, KLOE and for the BESIII experiment. For generation, NGAMMA exploits the exact tree-level amplitude.

   hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Electron-positron annihilation into heavy leptons at two loops

   Roman E. Gerasimov🇷🇺 · Petr A. Krachkov🇷🇺 · Roman N. Lee🇷🇺

   We calculate the NNLO QED corrections to the $C$-even part of differential cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ process. We neglect power corrections in the electron mass and obtain the result in terms of Goncharov's polylogarithms.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Probes of Anomalous Events at LHC with Self-Organizing Maps

   Shreecheta Chowdhury🇮🇳 · Amit Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Saunak Dutta🇮🇳

   We propose an Unsupervised Learning Algorithm, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), built on a neural network architecture, for the probe of a rare top decay, mediated by Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC), to charm and the Higgs boson, with the Higgs boson further decaying to a pair of b-quarks or a pair of gauge bosons ($W^{\pm }/Z$) in a boosted regime. Ideally, the particles originating from the decay of the boosted top lead to the reconstruction of a large-R jet, comprising three-prong substructures, with b- and c-tagged subjets. The SOM algorithm has been demonstrated as a model-agnostic anomaly-finder for probing the rare decay at the LHC, by mapping distinct signal and background regions to separate non-overlapping clusters on the Kohnen map. This helps to identify signal regions with higher signal significances. We also discuss the robustness of this algorithm, especially for other BSM probes with model-agnostic and model-dependent searches.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·1 citation
7. 07*

   eV-scale sterile neutrino: A window open to non-unitarity?

   Hisakazu Minakata🇺🇸

   An excess observed in the accelerator neutrino experiments in the ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$ channel at high confidence level (CL) has been interpreted as due to eV-scale sterile neutrino(s). But, it has been suffered from the problem of ``appearance-disappearance tension'' at the similarly high CL because the measurements of the ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_{\mu }$ channel do not observe the expected event number depletion corresponding to the sterile contribution in the appearance channel. We suggest non-unitarity as a simple and natural way of resolving the tension, which leads us to construct the non-unitary $(3+1)$ model. With reasonable estimation of the $\alpha$ parameters governing non-unitarity, which we argue growing when more sterile states added, we perform an illustrative analysis to illuminate if the tension can be resolved in this model. We have found the unique solution with ${\sin }^{2}2{\theta }_{14}\approx 0.3$, which is consistent with the (reactors + Ga) data and is stable against variation of the appearance signature. This solution bridges between the two high CL signatures, BEST and LSND-MiniBooNE, and implies a large neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry, given the much less anomaly indicated in the antineutrino sector.

   hep-phhep-ex4 citations
8. 08*

   Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of the nucleon in a meson dominance approach

   Wojciech Broniowski🇵🇱 · Enrique Ruiz Arriola🇪🇸

   We analyze the gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of the nucleon, focusing on both some general issues as well as on modeling with meson dominance. We show that the lattice QCD results for the nucleon gravitational form factors at $m_{\pi }=170$~MeV, available for space-like momentum transfer squared up to 2GeV, are explained in a natural way within the meson dominance approach. We carry out the proper Raman spin decomposition of the energy-momentum tensor and in each spin channel use a minimum number of resonances consistent with the perturbative QCD short-distance constraints. These constraints are related to the super-convergence sum rules, following from the asymptotic perturbative QCD fall-off of the form factors. The value of the nucleon $D$-term following from the fits is -3.0(4). Next, we obtain the two-dimensional transverse gravitational densities of the nucleon in the transverse coordinate $b$. With the super-convergence sum rules, we derive new sum rules for these densities at the origin and for their derivatives, involving logarithmic weighting in the corresponding spectral density integrals. From analysis of the threshold behavior in the time-like region and the properties of the $\pi \pi \to N\bar{N}$ reaction, we infer the behavior of the transverse densities at asymptotically large coordinates. We also carry out the meson dominance analysis of the two- and three-dimensional mechanical properties of the nucleon (the pressure and stress) and explore their connection to the spectral densities via dispersion relations.

   hep-phhep-latPRD(2025)·28 citations
9. 09*

   Gravity induced CP violation in mesons mixing, decay and interference experiments

   Jean-Marcel Rax🇫🇷

   The impact of earth's gravity on neutral mesons dynamics is analyzed. The main effect of a Newtonian potential is to couple the strangeness and bottomness oscillations with the quark zitterbewegung oscillations. This coupling is responsible for the observed CP violation in the three types of experiments analyzed here: (i) indirect violation in the mixing, (ii) direct violation in the decay to one final state and (iii) violation in interference between decays with and without mixing. The three violation parameters associated with these experiments are predicted in agreement with the experimental data. The amplitude of the violation is linear with respect to the strength of gravity so that this new mechanism allows to consider matter dominated cosmological evolutions providing the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe.

   hep-phhep-th1 citation
10. 10*

    Probing the Axion-Electron Coupling with NuSTAR Observations of Galaxies

    Orion Ning🇺🇸 · Benjamin R. Safdi🇺🇸

    We search for the existence of ultralight axions coupling to electrons and photons using data from the NuSTAR telescope directed toward the galaxies M82, M87, and M31. We focus on electron bremsstrahlung and Compton scattering for axion production in stars, summing over the stellar populations found in the target galaxies when computing the axion luminosity. We then compute the hard X-ray signal that arises from the conversion of these axions to photons in each galaxy's magnetic fields, inferred from analog galaxies in cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Analyzing NuSTAR data toward these galaxies between roughly 20 to 70 keV, we find no evidence for axions and set leading constraints on the combined axion-electron and axion-photon coupling at the level of $|g_{aee}\times g_{a\gamma \gamma }|\lesssim 8.3\times 10^{-27}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ for $m_a\lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV at 95% confidence, with M82 providing the most stringent constraints.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·17 citations
11. 11*

    Sub-GeV Dark Matter Direct Detection with Neutrino Observatories

    Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸

    We present a new technique for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) searches and a new use of neutrino observatories. DM-electron scattering in an observatory can excite or ionize target molecules, which then produce light that can be detected by the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). While individual DM scatterings are indistinguishable, the aggregate rate from many independent scatterings can be isolated from the total PMT dark rate using the expected DM annual modulation. We showcase this technique with the example of JUNO, a 20,000-ton scintillator detector, showing that its potential sensitivity in some mass ranges exceeds other techniques and reaches key particle-theory benchmarks.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRL(2025)·10 citations
12. 12*

    Dominance of gluonic scale anomaly in confining pressure inside nucleon and D-term

    Daisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Mamiya Kawaguchi🇨🇳 · Mitsuru Tanaka🇯🇵

    We explore the confining pressure inside the nucleon and the related gravitational form factor referred to as the D-term, using the skyrmion approach based on the scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory, where the skyrmion is described as the nucleon and a scalar meson couples to the scale anomaly through the low energy theorem. Within this model framework, the current quark mass and gluonic quantum contributions to the scale anomaly can be described by the pion and scalar meson masses, respectively, through matching with the underlying QCD. By considering the decomposition of the energy momentum tensor of nucleon, we examine the role of the scale anomaly contributions in the pressure inside the nucleon. As a result, the gluonic scale anomaly is found to dominate the confining pressure. Compared to the result based on the conventional chiral perturbation theory in the chiral limit, our result for the total pressure is capable of qualitatively improving the alignment with lattice QCD observations. Moreover, the pressure from the gluonic scale anomaly is widely distributed in position space, leading to its substantial contribution to the D-term.

    hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPLB(2025)·25 citations
13. 13*

    New Supernova Constraints on Neutrinophilic Dark Sector - Vector Mediators

    Christopher V. Cappiello🇺🇸 · P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Amol V. Patwardhan🇺🇸

    Supernova cooling has long been used to constrain physics beyond the Standard Model, typically involving new mediators or dark matter (DM) particles that couple to nucleons or electrons. In this work, we show that the large density of neutrinos inside the neutrinosphere of supernovae also makes them powerful laboratories to study nonstandard neutrino interactions with a {\it neutrinophilic} dark sector, i.e.~DM and mediator particles interacting primarily with neutrinos. In this case, we find that the existing constraints are rather weak, and for a wide range of currently unconstrained parameter space, neutrino annihilation within a supernova could copiously produce such neutrinophilic DM at a large enough rate to cause noticeable anomalous cooling. From the non-observation of such anomalous cooling in SN1987A, we thus set new constraints on neutrino-DM interactions, which provide up to five orders of magnitude improvement in the effective coupling over the existing constraints for DM masses below $\mathcal{O}$(100 MeV).

    hep-phastro-ph.HE10 citations
14. 14*

    Synaptic Field Theory for Neural Networks

    Donghee Lee🇰🇷 · Hye-Sung Lee🇰🇷 · Jaeok Yi🇰🇷

    Theoretical understanding of deep learning remains elusive despite its empirical success. In this study, we propose a novel "synaptic field theory" that describes the training dynamics of synaptic weights and biases in the continuum limit. Unlike previous approaches, our framework treats synaptic weights and biases as fields and interprets their indices as spatial coordinates, with the training data acting as external sources. This perspective offers new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of deep learning and suggests a pathway for leveraging well-established field-theoretic techniques to study neural network training.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.dis-nnhep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
15. 15*

    The CONDOR Observatory: A Gamma-Ray Observatory with a 100 GeV Threshold at 5300 Meters Above Sea Level

    Miguel Arratia🇺🇸 · Will Brooks🇨🇱 · Jiajun Huang🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Muñoz J.🇨🇱 · Luis Navarro F.🇨🇱 · Sebouh J. Paul🇺🇸 · Raquel Pezoa R.🇨🇱 · Sebastian Tapia🇨🇱 · Daniel Torres A.🇨🇱 · Constanza Valdivieso C.🇨🇱 · Nicolas Viaux M🇨🇱

    We present the design of the Compact Network of Detectors with Orbital Range (CONDOR), a proposed high-altitude gamma-ray and cosmic-ray (CR) observatory set to become the highest of its kind. Planned for installation at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert, Chile, at 5300 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), CONDOR is optimized to operate in the 100 GeV to 1 TeV range using the extensive air-shower technique. The design prioritizes simplicity, modularity, and robustness to ensure reliable performance in a harsh environment. The CONDOR array has a full coverage factor of 90 and consists of 6000 plastic scintillator panels, each approximately 1 m^2, read by wavelength-shifting fibers and SiPMs. The readout electronics are based on fast ADCs, with White Rabbit technology ensuring time synchronization. We present an analysis of angular resolution and effective area by variation of the CORSIKA design to meet the developing GeV threshold, complementing other ground-based observatories in gamma-ray and proton CR measurements. CONDOR has the potential to support an extensive research program in astroparticle physics and multimessenger astronomy from the Southern Hemisphere, operating in all-sky mode 24 hours per day, year-round, with satellite data ranges.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HEhep-phJINST(2025)·4 citations
16. 16*

    Low-Energy Backgrounds in Solid-State Phonon and Charge Detectors

    Daniel Baxter🇺🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Margarita Kaznacheeva🇩🇪 · Belina von Krosigk🇩🇪 · Florian Reindl🇦🇹 · Roger K. Romani🇺🇸 · Felix Wagner🇨🇭

    Solid-state phonon and charge detectors probe the scattering of weakly interacting particles, such as dark matter and neutrinos, through their low recoil thresholds. Recent advancements have pushed sensitivity to eV-scale energy depositions, uncovering previously-unseen low-energy excess backgrounds. While some arise from known processes such as thermal radiation, luminescence, and stress, others remain unexplained. This review examines these backgrounds, their possible origins, and parallels to low-energy effects in solids. Their understanding is essential for interpreting particle interactions at and below the eV-scale.

    ↳ physics.ins-detastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-ph+1Ann.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2025)·34 citations
17. 17*

    Quantum Circuits for SU(3) Lattice Gauge Theory

    Praveen Balaji🇺🇸 · Cianán Conefrey-Shinozaki🇺🇸 · Patrick Draper🇺🇸 · Jason K. Elhaderi🇺🇸 · Drishti Gupta🇺🇸 · Luis Hidalgo🇺🇸 · Andrew Lytle🇺🇸 · Enrico Rinaldi🇯🇵

    Lattice gauge theories in varying dimensions, lattice volumes, and truncations offer a rich family of targets for Hamiltonian simulation on quantum devices. In return, formulating quantum simulations can provide new ways of thinking about the quantum structure of gauge theories. In this work, we consider pure $SU(3)$ gauge theory in two and three spatial dimensions in a streamlined version of the electric basis. We use a formulation of the theory that balances locality of the Hamiltonian and size of the gauge-invariant state space, and we classically pre-compute dictionaries of plaquette operator matrix elements for use in circuit construction. We build circuits for simulating time evolution on arbitrary lattice volumes, spanning circuits suitable for NISQ era hardware to future fault-tolerant devices. Relative to spin models, time evolution in lattice gauge theories involves more complex local unitaries, and the Hilbert space of all quantum registers may have large unphysical subspaces. Based on these features, we develop general, volume-scalable tools for optimizing circuit depth, including pruning and fusion algorithms for collections of large multi-controlled unitaries. We describe scalings of quantum resources needed to simulate larger circuits and some directions for future algorithmic development.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thquant-phPRD(2025)·45 citations
18. 18*

    Progenitor Dependence of Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions with the Aid of Heavy Axion-like Particles

    Tsurugi Takata🇯🇵 · Kanji Mori🇯🇵 · Ko Nakamura🇯🇵 · Kei Kotake🇯🇵

    We perform spherically symmetric simulations of core-collapse supernovae with the aid of heavy axion-like particles (ALPs) which interact with photons and redistribute energy within supernova matter. We explore a wide ALP parameter space that includes MeV-scale ALP mass $m_a$ and the ALP-photon coupling constant $g_{a\gamma }\sim 10^{-10}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ , employing three progenitor models with zero-age main-sequence mass of $11.2M_{\odot }$, $20.0M_{\odot }$, and $25.0M_{\odot }$. We find a general trend that, given $m_a\lesssim 300$MeV, heavier ALPs are favorable for the shock wave to be successfully revived, aiding the onset of the neutrino-driven explosion. However, if ALPs are heavier than $\sim 400$MeV, the explosion is failed or weaker than that for the models with smaller $m_a$, because of an insufficient temperature inside the supernova core to produce heavy ALPs. The maximum temperature in the core depends on the initial progenitor structure. Our simulations indicate that the high-temperature environment in the collapsing core of massive progenitors leads to a significant impact of ALPs on the explodability.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Advancing multimessenger approaches in heavy-ion collisions: Insights from electromagnetic probes

    Lipei Du🇺🇸

    Electromagnetic (EM) probes, including photons and dileptons, do not interact strongly after their production in heavy-ion collisions, allowing them to carry undistorted information from their points of origin. This makes them powerful tools for studying early-stage equilibration and the thermodynamic properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In these proceedings, we highlight recent theoretical advancements in EM probes, focusing on their role in probing early-stage dynamics and extracting medium properties. We also discuss the emerging multimessenger approach, which combines hadronic and electromagnetic probes to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the QGP.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·3 citations
20. 20*

    Search of High-Frequency Variations of Fundamental Constants Using Spin-based Quantum Sensors

    Xi Kong🇨🇳 · Yuke Zhang🇨🇳 · Chenyu Ji🇨🇳 · Shuangju Chang🇨🇳 · Yifan Chen🇩🇰 · Xiang Bian🇨🇳 · Chang-Kui Duan🇨🇳 · Pu Huang🇨🇳 · Jiangfeng Du🇨🇳

    This study presents a novel method using spin quantum sensors to explore temporal variations of fundamental constants, significantly expanding the frequency range and providing constraints on scalar dark matter.

    ↳ quant-phastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-phNatl.Sci.Rev.(2025)·1 citation
21. 21*

    Strong Field QED, Astrophysics, and Laboratory Astrophysics

    Sang Pyo Kim (Kunsan Natl. U. and APCTP)🇰🇷

    Astrophysical compact objects, such as magnetars, neutron star mergers, etc, have strong electromagnetic fields beyond the Schwinger field ($B_c=4.4\times 10^{13}\mathrm{G}$). In strong electric fields, electron-positron pairs are produced from the vacuum, gamma rays create electron-positron pairs in strong magnetic fields, and propagating photons experience vacuum refringence, etc. Astrophysical compact objects with strong electromagnetic fields open a window for probing fundamental physics beyond weak field QED. Ultra-intense lasers and high-energy charged particles may simulate extreme astrophysical phenomena.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
22. 22*

    Non-linear Quasi-Normal Modes of the Schwarzschild Black Hole from the Penrose Limit

    Alex Kehagias🇬🇷 · Davide Perrone🇨🇭 · Antonio Riotto🇨🇭

    The Penrose limit connects a plane wave geometry to the photon ring of a black hole, where the quasi-normal modes are located in the eikonal limit. Utilizing this simplification, we analytically extract the quadratic-level non-linearities in the quasi-normal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole for the $(\ell \times \ell )\to 2\ell$ channel. We demonstrate that this result is independent of $\ell$ and further confirm it through symmetry arguments.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph19 citations
23. 23*

    SPARKX: A Software Package for Analyzing Relativistic Kinematics in Collision Experiments

    Nils Sass🇩🇪 · Hendrik Roch🇺🇸 · Niklas Götz🇩🇪 · Renata Krupczak🇩🇪 · Carl B. Rosenkvist🇩🇪

    SPARKX is an open-source Python package developed to analyze simulation data from heavy-ion collision experiments. By offering a comprehensive suite of tools, SPARKX simplifies data analysis workflows, supports multiple formats such as OSCAR2013, and integrates seamlessly with SMASH and JETSCAPE/X-SCAPE. This paper describes SPARKX's architecture, features, and applications and demonstrates its effectiveness through detailed examples and performance benchmarks. SPARKX enhances productivity and precision in relativistic kinematics studies.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-phnucl-thEPJC(2026)·5 citations
24. 24*

    Investigating the Correlation between ZTF Tidal Disruption Events and IceCube High-energy Neutrinos

    Ming-Xuan Lu🇨🇳 · Yun-Feng Liang🇨🇳 · Xiang-Gao Wang🇨🇳 · Xue-Rui Ouyang🇨🇳

    Investigating the correlation between the TDE population and IceCube neutrinos could help us better understand whether TDEs could be potential high-energy neutrino emitters. In this paper, we perform a systematic search for TDEs that are associated with neutrinos in a sample including 143 IceCube neutrino alert events and 52 TDEs classified by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) - Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Furthermore, considering that the TDEs/TDE candidates reported as potential IceCube neutrino emitters are all accompanied by infrared (IR) echo emissions, we further select the TDEs with IR echoes from these 52 TDEs as a subsample to examine the correlation with neutrinos. Based on the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission database, seven TDEs are identified as having IR echoes. Then we employ Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the correlation between the TDE sample/subsample and IceCube neutrinos. Finally, after considering spatial and temporal criteria, the seven TDEs with IR echoes show the most significant correlation at a 2.46$\sigma$ confidence level. If we tentatively further take the time delay factor into account, the correlation enhances to a 2.66$\sigma$ confidence level. The correlation is primarily contributed by two TDEs: AT2019dsg and AT2019azh. The latter's association with a neutrino alert, IC230217A, is newly reported in this work. We discussed the possible physical connection between AT2019azh and the neutrino event IC230217A.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2025)·9 citations
25. 25*

    Beta-Functions and RG flows for Holographic QCD with Heavy and Light Quarks: Isotropic case

    Irina Ya. Aref'eva🇷🇺 · Ali Hajilou🇷🇺 · Pavel Slepov🇷🇺 · Marina Usova🇷🇺

    In a previous paper [arXiv:2402.14512v3], we investigated the dependence of the running coupling constant on temperature and chemical potential for holographic models of the light and heavy quarks, supported by an Einstein-dilaton-Maxwell action. In this paper, we study the dependence of the corresponding $\beta$-functions on the temperature and the chemical potential. As in the previous paper, we give special attention to the behavior of the $\beta$-functions near the 1st order phase transitions. We consider different types of boundary conditions for the dilaton. Only one of the possible boundary conditions yields results that agree with lattice calculations at zero chemical potential. The corresponding $\beta$-functions are negative and exhibit jumps at the 1st order phase transitions. We also show that the RG fluxes are invariant with respect to the choice of the boundary conditions and that our exact solutions for the light and heavy quarks are unstable, as expected, given their negative dilaton potentials.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
26. 26*

    Scalar Thermal Field Theory for a Rotating Plasma

    Alberto Salvio🇮🇹

    This paper initiates the systematic study of thermal field theory for generic equilibrium density matrices, which feature arbitrary values not only of temperature and chemical potentials, but also of average angular momentum. The focus here is on scalar fields, although some results also apply to fields with arbitrary spins. A general technique to compute ensemble averages is provided. Moreover, path-integral methods are developed to study thermal Green's functions (with an arbitrary number of points) in generic theories, which cover both the real-time and imaginary-time formalism. It is shown that, while the average angular momentum, like the chemical potentials, does not contribute positively to the Euclidean action, its negative contributions can be compensated by some other contributions that are instead positive, at least in some cases, e.g. when the chemical potentials vanish. As an application of the developed general formalism, it is shown that the production of particles weakly coupled to a rotating plasma can be significantly enhanced compared to the non-rotating case. The Higgs boson production through a portal coupling to a dark sector in the early universe is studied in some detail. The findings of this paper can also be useful, for example, to investigate the physics of rotating stars, ordinary and primordial black holes and more exotic compact objects.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-lathep-phEPJC(2026)·4 citations
27. 27*

    Anomaly Detection to identify Transients in LSST Time Series Data

    Miguel Crispim Romao🇬🇧 · Djuna Croon🇬🇧 · Daniel Godines🇺🇸

    We introduce a novel approach to detecting microlensing events and other transients in light curves, utilising the isolation forest (iForest) algorithm for anomaly detection. Focusing on the Legacy Survey of Space and Time by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, we show that an iForest trained on signal-less light curves can efficiently identify microlensing events by different types of dark objects and binaries, as well as variable stars. We further show that the iForest has real-time applicability through a drip-feed analysis, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for LSST alert brokers to efficiently prioritise and classify transient candidates for follow-up observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IMhep-phMNRAS(2025)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.