Thu·Mar 6, 2025Thursday·March 6, 2025

1. 01*

   Periodic Cosmic String Formation and Dynamics

   Michael A. Fedderke🇨🇦 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦 · Nils Siemonsen🇺🇸

   We study string formation and dynamics in a scalar field theory with a global $U(1)$ symmetry. If a scalar field $\Phi$ is initially displaced from the minimum of a wine-bottle potential, even if uniformly over large spatial patches, small spatial perturbations to $\Phi$ grow via parametric resonance as $\Phi$ oscillates; this occurs for a wide range of initial $U(1)$ charge densities. The growth of perturbations leads to the formation of spatially coherent, temporally stable "counter-rotating regions" (CRR): spatially connected regions exhibiting $\Phi$ evolution with large, opposite-sign rotation speeds in field space which persist over long durations. These CRR are separated by domain boundaries that have a large field gradient and zero rotational speed in field space. String or vortex topological defects form, are confined to, and then annihilate periodically on these boundaries. We demonstrate these periodic dynamics with numerical simulations in both 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, in both Minkowski spacetime and in a radiation-dominated FLRW universe, and we explain some features of the evolution (semi-)analytically. At late times in an expanding universe, when $\Phi$ approaches the potential minimum, the CRR and vortices dissipate into scalar radiation. Phenomenologically, periodic bursts of string formation and annihilation can lead to periodic bursts of gravitational-wave production. For small initial $U(1)$ charge density, these gravitational-wave bursts can be synchronized across the whole Universe. Owing to their periodic nature, they could give rise to a gravitational-wave frequency spectrum consisting of a forest of peaks. These periodic scalar field dynamics also occur with large, untuned initial $U(1)$ charge density; they may thus have implications for models that depend on a coherent field rotation, such as kination and the axion kinetic-misalignment mechanism. [abridged]

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJHEP(2025)·8 citations
2. 02*

   Leading order, next-to-leading order, and non-perturbative parton collision kernels: Effects on the jet substructure

   Rouzbeh Modarresi-Yazdi🇨🇦 · Shuzhe Shi🇨🇳 · Charles Gale🇨🇦 · Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦

   As an important signature of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a high-precision energy-loss model is essential to independently verify the QGP properties extracted from soft particles. In this work, we optimize the energy loss modeling in MARTINI by introducing the formation time of the parton shower in the initial hard scattering, which is essential for a simultaneous description of the hadron and jet $R_{AA}$. Based on this, we study the phenomenological influence of the higher order collision kernels -- the up-to-NLO one evaluated by EQCD and the non-perturbative (NP) one computed in lattice QCD -- on the energy loss of the hard parton, compared to the LO kernel. The hadron and jet $R_{AA}$ are calculated with AMY rates using the three kernels and the optimized parameter sets for the running coupling. The results exhibit remarkable similarities in their overall values as well as in $p_T$ and centrality dependence. Sizable differences in the jet substructure are observed between different soft radiation rates.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Probing the couplings of an axion-like particle with leptons via three-lepton final state processes at future $e^{-}p$ colliders

   Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Xin-Yang Li🇨🇳 · Mei-Shu-Yu Wang🇨🇳 · Yang-Yang Bu🇨🇳

   The axion-like particle (ALP) is one of the best motivated particles beyond the Standard Model (SM). We explore the possibility of detecting the couplings of ALP with leptons via three-lepton final state processes $e^{-}p\to e^{-}ja(a\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-})$ at the LHeC (FCC-eh). For completeness, we investigate the cases where the ALP decays not only into electron and muon pairs but also into tau pairs, and perform a detailed simulation for the decays of taus. We find that the prospective sensitivities of the LHeC (FCC-eh) with the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=1.3(3.5)$ TeV and the integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}=1(2)$ ab${}^{-1}$ to the ALP-lepton couplings are not only stronger than some existing bounds of the LHC and LEP but also complementary to the expected bounds of the CEPC and FCC-ee.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Higgs in The Cosmos

   Johann Rafelski🇺🇸 · Cheng Tao Yang🇺🇸

   We explore the Higgs particle in the cosmic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) below the electroweak phase transition temperature $T_{\mathrm{EW}}\simeq 125\mathrm{GeV}$. We show that Higgs is neither in abundance (chemical) nor in momentum distribution equilibrium in certain stages of the Universe evolution. Nonequilibrium originates in: For chemical nonequilibrium in the always present irreversible decays into virtual heavy gauge bosons, and; For $T<25$\,GeV in relatively rapid $2\leftrightarrow 1$ formation and decay processes yielding momentum distribution as created in these reactions. As heavy particles disappear, the minimal Higgs coupling to abundant low mass particles fails in $2\to 2$ (two-particle) scattering processes to assure a kinetic distribution equilibrium. The expansion of the Universe is by more than 10 orders of magnitude slower compared to microscopic processes. All other particles in the Universe are in full thermal equilibrium, with exception of the late in QGP evolution of the bottom flavor near to hadronization condition.

   hep-phgr-qcPoS(2025)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Analysis of molecular state ${\eta }_c{D}^{\ast }$ and $J/\psi D^{\ast }$ in the effective Lagrangian approach

   Na Li🇨🇳 · Ye Xing🇨🇳 · Jing-Rui Shi🇨🇳

   In this work, we investigate the production and decay of the molecular states $cc\bar{c}\bar{q}$ with $J^P=1^{+}$ using the phenomenological analysis and effective Lagrangian approach. Based on an SU(3) flavor symmetry analysis to identify golden channels, we further explore the dynamics of these processes under the molecular assumptions of ${\eta }_c{D}^{\ast }$ and $J/\psi D^{\ast }$. Our results indicate that the production branching ratio from $B_c$ meson is sizable, it can reach the order of $10^{-4}$ for the molecular configuration ${\eta }_c{D}^{\ast }$, and $10^{-5}$ for molecule $J/\psi D^{\ast }$. In addition, we find that the decay widths of the two molecular configurations ${\eta }_c{D}^{\ast }$ and $J/\psi D^{\ast }$ are not significant, being at level of $\mathcal{O}$($\mathrm{MeV}$).

   hep-phCPC(2026)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Non-Gaussianities in Collider Metric Binning

   Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸

   Metrics for rigorously defining a distance between two events have been used to study the properties of the dataspace manifold of particle collider physics. The probability distribution of pairwise distances on this dataspace is unique with probability 1, and so this suggests a method to search for and identify new physics by the deviation of measurement from a null hypothesis prediction. To quantify the deviation statistically, we directly calculate the probability distribution of the number of event pairs that land in the bin a fixed distance apart. This distribution is not generically Gaussian and the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean entries in a bin scales inversely with the square-root of the number of events in the data ensemble. If the dataspace manifold exhibits some enhanced symmetry, the number of entries is Gaussian, and further fluctuations about the mean scale away like the inverse of the number of events. We define a robust measure of the non-Gaussianity of the bin-by-bin statistics of the distance distribution, and demonstrate in simulated data of jets from quantum chromodynamics sensitivity to the parton-to-hadron transition and that the manifold of events enjoys enhanced symmetries as their energy increases.

   hep-phcs.LGhep-ex2 citations
7. 07*

   Apparent convergence in functional glueball calculations

   Markus Q. Huber🇩🇪 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪 · Hèlios Sanchis-Alepuz🇦🇹

   We scrutinize the determination of glueball masses in pure Yang-Mills theory from functional equations, i.e. Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. We survey the state-of-the-art input (dressed propagators and vertices) with an emphasis on the stability of the results under extensions of the employed truncations and explore the importance of different aspects of the bound state equations, focusing on the three lightest glueballs with $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ , $0^{-+}$ and $2^{++}$ . As an important systematic extension compared to previous calculations we include two-loop diagrams in the Bethe-Salpeter kernels. In terms of the glueball spectrum we find only marginal mass shifts compared to previous results, indicating apparent convergence of the system. As a by-product, we also explore gauge invariance within a class of Landau-type gauges.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·17 citations
8. 08*

   Prospects for observing a novel photon-induced $H^{-}{H}^{+}$ production at HL-LHC

   M. A. Arroyo-Ureña🇲🇽 · O. Félix-Beltrán🇲🇽 · J. Hernández-Sánchez🇲🇽 · C. G. Honorato🇲🇽 · T. A. Valencia-Pérez🇲🇽

   We study the production of charged scalar boson pairs via photon-induced $H^{-}{H}^{+}$ in $pp$ collisions at the forthcoming High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The predictions are based on the Two-Higgs Doublet Model type-III, since it predicts large branching ratios of the channel decay $H^{\pm }\to {\tau }^{\pm }{\nu }_{\tau }$, which is the one we focus on. Motivated by the current excess of events in the process $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(t\to H^{\pm }b)\times \mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}(H^{\pm }\to cb)$ for $M_{H^{\pm }}=130$ GeV, we explore charged Higgs bosons masses $M_{H^{\pm }}$ among 100-150 GeV. According to benchmarks points allowed by experimental constraints, and including a systematic uncertainty of 5$\%$, we obtain for the process of $H^{-}{H}^{+}\to \tau {\nu }_{\tau }\tau {\nu }_{\tau }\to e\mu +\text{slashed}{E}_T$ a \textit{signal significance} at $5\sigma$ ($3\sigma$) for $M_{H^{\pm }}=100$ GeV ($100\le M_{H^{\pm }}\le 136$ GeV) with 3000 $f{b}^{-1}$ ($\gtrsim 1000f{b}^{-1}$) integrated luminosity, which would be the last stage foreseen for Large Hadron Collider machine.

   hep-ph2 citations
9. 09*

   Bounds on neutrino-DM interactions from TXS 0506+056 neutrino outburst

   G. D. Zapata🇵🇪 · J. Jones-Pérez🇵🇪 · A. M. Gago🇵🇪

   We constrain the neutrino-dark matter cross-section using the $13\pm 5$ neutrino event excess observed by IceCube in 2014-2015 from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056. Our analysis takes advantage of the dark matter overdensity spike surrounding the supermassive black hole at the center of the blazar. In our results, we take into account uncertainties related to the different types of neutrino emission models and the features of the dark matter spike, considering cross-sections that scale with energy as $\sigma \propto (E_{\nu }/E_0{)}^n$, for values of $n=1,0,-1,-2$. In our best-case scenario, we obtain limits competitive with those derived from other active galaxies, tidal disruption events (TDEs), and the IC-170922A event.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2025)·16 citations
10. 10*

    Higgs near-criticality at future colliders

    Victor Enguita🇪🇸 · Belen Gavela🇪🇸 · Thomas Steingasser🇺🇸

    The so-called metastability bound on the Higgs mass suggests that the smallness of the Higgs mass may be a byproduct of the metastability of the electroweak vacuum. A significantly strong bound requires new physics capable of lowering the scale where the Higgs quartic coupling turns negative through renormalization group effects, without destabilizing the electroweak vacuum entirely. We analyze in this context the low-scale Majoron model of neutrino masses, which automatically contains two key elements for a viable scenario: heavy fermions to lower the instability scale and a extended scalar sector to stabilize the potential and achieve realistic lifetimes for the electroweak vacuum. We show how the metastability bound can be generalized to theories with multiple scalars and present an efficient way of calculating the tunneling rate in such potentials. We also demonstrate that FCC will probe regions of the parameter space relevant for metastability: large regions of the fermionic sector at FCC-ee and some reach to the scalar sector at FCC-hh.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    The ABC of RPV II: Classification of R-parity Violating Signatures from UDD Couplings and their Coverage at the LHC

    Herbi K. Dreiner🇩🇪 · Michael Hank🇺🇸 · Yong Sheng Koay🇸🇪 · Martin Schürmann🇩🇪 · Rhitaja Sengupta🇩🇪 · Apoorva Shah🇩🇪 · Nadja Strobbe🇺🇸 · Evelyn Thomson🇺🇸

    We perform a detailed study of the current phenomenological status of baryon number violating operators within the framework of the $R$-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (RPV-MSSM). This study aims to identify any gaps in the experimental coverage of the RPV landscape. We identify the unique final states for all possible LSPs decaying via four different benchmark UDD operators. Both the direct production of the LSP and its production via gauge-cascades are considered. For each LSP, we assume that only one UDD coupling is non-zero at a time and confront the signals with existing ATLAS and CMS searches implemented in the recasting framework \texttt{CheckMATE\;2}. We find that the UDD colored LSP sector is well covered with the mass bounds on the gluino LSP being the strongest, and with possible improvements for some of the right-handed squark LSPs. We also point out that there is limited coverage for electroweakino and slepton LSPs with UDD decays. This limitation may be due to the lack of targeted experimental searches for these specific final states or the appropriate recasting of existing searches.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Examination of the possibility of ${\pi }^0$ condensation and magnetization in freely interpenetrating nuclei

    D. N. Voskresensky🇷🇺

    Conditions are found, at which in nuclear matter there may appear a spatially nonuniform $p$ wave ${\pi }^0$ condensate supplemented by a spatially varying spontaneous magnetization. The pion-nucleon interaction and the anomaly contributions to magnetization are taken into account. Response of the system on external magnetic field is also considered. Then the model of nonoverlapped nucleon Fermi spheres is employed. Arguments are given in favor of possibility of the occurrence of the ${\pi }^0$-condensation and a spatially varying magnetization as well as effects of pronounced anisotropic pion fluctuations at finite pion momentum in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. Relevant effects such as response on the rotation, charged pion condensation and other are discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·1 citation
13. 13*

    Interacting mesons as degrees of freedom in a chiral model

    Rajesh Kumar🇺🇸 · Joaquin Grefa🇺🇸 · Konstantin Maslov🇺🇸 · Yuhan Wang🇺🇸 · Arvind Kumar🇮🇳 · Ralf Rapp🇺🇸 · Claudia Ratti🇺🇸 · Veronica Dexheimer🇺🇸

    We study the equation of state of hot and dense hadronic matter using an extended Chiral Mean Field (CMF) model framework where the addition is the inclusion of interactions of thermally excited mesons. This is implemented by calculating the in-medium masses of pseudoscalar and vector mesons, obtained through the explicit chiral symmetry-breaking and vector interaction terms in the Lagrangian, respectively, prior to applying the mean-field approximation. As a result, the in-medium meson contributions generate a feedback term to the CMF's equations of motion, which then modifies the equation of state. With this improvement, we quantify the effect on the equation of state of strongly interacting matter through comparisons with state-of-the-art lattice QCD results and other hadronic models like the Hadron Resonance Gas model. We find that the results of the updated hadronic CMF model with an improved meson description (mCMF) provide a better agreement with lattice-QCD data for thermodynamic state variables across a wide range of temperatures and baryon chemical potentials.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2025)·8 citations
14. 14*

    Quantum Magic in Quantum Electrodynamics

    Qiaofeng Liu🇺🇸 · Ian Low🇺🇸 · Zhewei Yin🇺🇸

    In quantum computing, non-stabilizerness -- the magic -- refers to the computational advantage of certain quantum states over classical computers and is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computation. Employing the second order stabilizer Rényi entropy to quantify magic, we study the production of magic states in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) via 2-to-2 scattering processes involving electrons and muons. Considering all 60 stabilizer initial states, which have zero magic, the angular dependence of magic produced in the final states is governed by only a few patterns, both in the non-relativistic and the ultra-relativistic limits. Some processes, such as the low-energy $e^{-}{\mu }^{-}\to e^{-}{\mu }^{-}$ and Bhabha scattering $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to e^{-}{e}^{+}$, do not generate magic at all. In most cases the largest magic generated is significantly less than the maximal possible value of $\log (16/7)\approx 0.827$. The only instance where QED is able to generate maximal magic is the low-energy ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}\to e^{-}{e}^{+}$, in the limit $m_e/m_{\mu }\to 0$, which is well approximated in nature. Our results suggest QED, although capable of producing maximally entangled states easily, may not be an efficient mechanism for generating quantum advantages.

    ↳ quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phhep-th+1PRD(2026)·39 citations
15. 15*

    Using Gravitational Wave Signals to Disentangle Early Matter Dominated Epochs

    Matthew Pearce🇦🇺 · Lauren Pearce🇺🇸 · Graham White🇬🇧 · Csaba Balázs🇦🇺

    Curvature perturbations induce gravitational waves (GWs) at second order, contributing to the stochastic gravitational wave background. The resulting gravitational wave spectrum is sensitive to the evolutionary history of the universe and can be substantially enhanced by early matter-dominated (eMD) epochs, particularly if they end rapidly. Such epochs can be caused by primordial black holes (PBHs) and non-topological solitons (Q-balls), for example. Prior analysis approximated the end of the eMD epoch as instantaneous or used a Gaussian smoothing. In this work, we present a complete analysis fully incorporating their time-evolving decay rates. We demonstrate that the resulting signal spectra from PBH, thin wall Q-ball, thick wall Q-ball, and delayed Q-ball eMD epochs are distinguishable for monochromatic distributions. We then consider log-normal mass distributions and discuss the distinguishability of the various GW spectra. Importantly we find that the change in the spectrum from a finite mass width is qualitatively different from the change arising from a slower transition to radiation domination.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·17 citations
16. 16*

    Bilateral constraints on proton Lorentz violation effects

    Ping He🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    Since the early reports of events beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, the investigation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays has emerged as a fundamental method for testing Lorentz Invariance violation (LV) effects. Recent advances in observational capabilities have resulted in more stringent constraints on LV parameters. This study delves into the potentially anomalous phenomena arising from subluminal and superluminal LV effects, encompassing aspects such as proton decay and atypical threshold behavior of photo-pion production from protons within the GZK region. High-energy proton observations in cosmic rays have imposed stringent constraints on superluminal proton LV effects, while the confirmation of the GZK cutoff has established a robust boundary for the anomalous phenomena associated with subluminal proton LV effects. The research provides rigorously bilateral constraints on proton LV effects from both subluminal and superluminal standpoints.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phApJ(2025)·2 citations
17. 17*

    Muon $g-2$

    Christine Davies🇬🇧

    The story of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{\mu }$, has been a long and absorbing read, with several unexpected plot twists. The theme: is new physics visible in $a_{\mu }$ or not? is clearly an important one. As we head towards what may be the final chapters, the pace of the narrative has quickened and lattice QCD is providing a critical new perspective on some of the key characters. I will review the story so far, focussing on recent episodes but (spoiler alert) depending on your point of view, it may not be heading to a happy ending.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Holographic derivation of effective action for a dissipative neutral fluid

    Yanyan Bu🇨🇳 · Xiyang Sun🇨🇳

    Using a holographic prescription for the Schwinger-Keldysh closed time path, we derive the effective action for a dissipative neutral fluid holographically described by the Einstein gravity in an asymptotic AdS spacetime. In the saddle point approximation for the dual gravity, the goal is achieved by solving the double Dirichlet problem for the linearized gravitational field living in a complexified static AdS black brane background. We adopt a partially on-shell scheme for solving the bulk dynamics, which is equivalent to ``integrating out'' the gapped modes in the boundary field theory. The boundary effective action in the fluid spacetime, identified as the partially on-shell bulk action, is computed to first order in boundary derivative and to cubic order in AdS boundary data. The boundary effective action, rewritten in the physical spacetime, successfully reproduces various results known in the framework of classical hydrodynamics, confirming our holographic derivation.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thJHEP(2025)·5 citations
19. 19*

    Four-dimensional QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials

    Akihiko Monnai🇯🇵 · Grégoire Pihan🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸

    Exploration of the QCD phase diagram is pivotal in particle and nuclear physics. We construct a full four-dimensional equation of state of QCD with net baryon, electric charge, and strangeness by extending the NEOS model beyond the conventional two-dimensional approximation. Lattice QCD calculations based on the Taylor expansion method and the hadron resonance gas model are considered for the construction. We also develop an efficient numerical method for applying the four-dimensional equation of state to relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, which can be used for the analysis of nuclear collisions at beam energy scan energies and for different nuclear species at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPoS(2025)·2 citations
20. 20*

    Canonical differential equations for the elliptic two-loop five-point integral family relevant to $t\bar{t}+$jet production at leading colour

    Matteo Becchetti🇮🇹 · Christoph Dlapa🇩🇪 · Simone Zoia🇨🇭

    We present differential equations (DEs) in canonical form for a family of two-loop five-point Feynman integrals containing elliptic functions and nested square roots. This is the only family for which canonical DEs were not yet available among those required to compute the two-loop leading-colour amplitude for top-pair production in association with a jet at hadron colliders. We write the DEs in terms of one-forms having (locally) simple poles at all singular points, and highlight the `duplet' structure that generalises the even/odd charge of square roots to nested roots. All transcendental functions in the DEs are expressed in closed form using complete elliptic integrals, while one-forms free of elliptic functions are given in terms of logarithms, including those with the nested roots. In addition to marking a significant step towards next-to-next-to-leading order QCD predictions for an important LHC process, this work represents the first time that a canonical basis of integrals involving elliptic functions has been obtained for a five-particle process.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·27 citations
21. 21*

    High-Energy Neutrinos by Hydrogen-rich Supernovae interacting with low-massive Circumstellar Medium: The Case of SN 2023ixf

    S. P. Cosentino🇮🇹 · M. L. Pumo🇮🇹 · S. Cherubini🇮🇹

    In hydrogen-rich (H-rich) Supernova (SN) events, the collision between the H-rich ejecta and the Circum-Stellar Medium (CSM) can accelerate particles and produce high-energy neutrinos (HE-$\nu$, TeV-PeV) through proton-proton inelastic scattering. Despite understanding the production mechanism of these neutrinos, the lack of direct observations raises questions about particle acceleration efficiency and the involved astrophysical conditions. This study focuses on neutrino emission from H-rich SNe with low-mass CSM, such as SN 2023ixf. We developed a semi-analytical model to characterize the progenitor and CSM at the explosion time, allowing us to infer the expected neutrino flux at Earth during the SN's interaction phase. Our model shows that neutrino emission depends not only on shock velocity and CSM mass but also on the spatial matter distribution of the CSM. By analysing the bolometric light curve of SN 2023ixf beyond 100 days post-explosion, we find that its ejecta, consisting of $9{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ (including $0.07{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ of radioactive ${}^{56}$Ni) and having a kinetic energy of $1.8\text{foe}$, collides with a low-mass CSM of $0.06{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ distributed according to a power-law density profile with an exponent of $s=2.9$. Through these parameters, we estimate that up to $4\pm 1\times 10^{-2}$ muon (anti-)neutrino events could be detected by IceCube within 50 days post-explosion. Although the predicted flux ($\lesssim 3\times 10^{-9}\text{GeV}{\text{cm}}^{-2}{\text{s}}^{-1}$) is below current IceCube sensitivity, future telescopes like IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT could detect HE-$\nu$ from similar SN events.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phMNRAS(2025)·17 citations
22. 22*

    Dissipative currents and transport coefficients in relativistic spin hydrodynamics

    Asaad Daher🇵🇱 · Xin-Li Sheng🇮🇹 · David Wagner🇮🇹 · Francesco Becattini🇮🇹

    We determine the form of dissipative currents at the first order in relativistic spin hydrodynamics with finite chemical potential including gradients of the spin potential. Taking advantage of isotropy in the hydrodynamic local rest frame, using a suitable matching condition for the flow velocity and enforcing the semi-positivity of entropy production, we find 23 dissipative transport coefficients relating dissipative currents to gradients of the thermo-hydrodynamic fields: 4 for the symmetric part of the energy-momentum tensor, 5 for the antisymmetric part, 3 for the conserved vector current, and 11 for the spin tensor. We compare our finding with previous results in literature.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
23. 23*

    Evolution of a kink-antikink ensemble in a quantum vacuum

    Mainak Mukhopadhyay🇺🇸 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸 · Atsushi Naruko🇯🇵 · George Zahariade🇵🇱

    We study the $1+1$ flat spacetime dynamics of a classical field configuration corresponding to an ensemble of sine-Gordon kinks and antikinks, semi-classically coupled to a quantum field. This coupling breaks the integrability of the sine-Gordon model resulting in the background's decay into quantum radiation as kink-antikink pairs annihilate. We find evidence that, on average, the energy of the ensemble scales as $t^{-\alpha }$ with $\alpha <1$ and independent of the coupling strength or the mass of the quantum field. The generalization of this result to domain wall networks in higher spacetime dimensions could be relevant to particle production in the early universe.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COcond-mat.otherhep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
24. 24*

    Trial by FIRE: Probing the dark matter density profile of dwarf galaxies with GraphNPE

    Tri Nguyen🇹🇼 · Justin Read🇬🇧 · Lina Necib🇺🇸 · Siddharth Mishra-Sharma🇺🇸 · Claude-André Faucher-Giguère · Andrew Wetzel🇺🇸 · Tjitske K Starkenburg

    The Dark Matter (DM) distribution in dwarf galaxies provides crucial insights into both structure formation and the particle nature of DM. GraphNPE (Graph Neural Posterior Estimator), first introduced in Nguyen et al. (2023), is a novel simulation-based inference framework that combines graph neural networks and normalizing flows to infer the DM density profile from line-of-sight stellar velocities. Here, we apply GraphNPE to satellite dwarf galaxies in the FIRE-2 Latte simulation suite of Milky Way-mass halos, testing it against both Cold and Self-Interacting DM scenarios. Our method demonstrates superior precision compared to conventional Jeans-based approaches, recovering DM density profiles to within the 95% confidence level even in systems with as few as 30 tracers. Moreover, we present the first evaluation of mass modeling methods in constraining two key parameters from realistic simulations: the peak circular velocity, $V_{\max }$, and the peak virial mass, $M_{200m}^{\mathrm{peak}}$. Using only line-of-sight velocities, GraphNPE can reliably recover both $V_{\max }$ and $M_{200m}^{\mathrm{peak}}$ within our quoted uncertainties, including those experiencing tidal effects ($\gtrsim$ 63% of systems are recovered with our 68% confidence intervals and $\gtrsim$ 92% within our 95% confidence intervals). The method achieves 10-20% accuracy in $V_{\max }$ recovery, while $M_{200m}^{\mathrm{peak}}$ is recovered to 0.1-0.4 dex accuracy. This work establishes GraphNPE as a robust tool for inferring DM density profiles in dwarf galaxies, offering promising avenues for constraining DM models. The framework's potential extends beyond this study, as it can be adapted to non-spherical and disequilibrium models, showcasing the broader utility of simulation-based inference and graph-based learning in astrophysics.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phMNRAS(2025)·8 citations
25. 25*

    First look at continuous spin gravity: Time delay signatures

    Shayarneel Kundu🇺🇸 · Philip Schuster🇺🇸 · Natalia Toro🇺🇸

    We consider the possibility that gravity is mediated by "continuous spin" particles, i.e.~ massless particles whose invariant spin scale ${\rho }_g$ is non-zero. In this case, the primary helicity-2 modes of gravitational radiation on a Minkowski background mix with a tower of integer-helicity partner modes under boosts, with ${\rho }_g$ controlling the degree of mixing. We develop a formalism for coupling spinless matter to continuous spin gravity at linearized level. Using this formalism, we calculate the time-delay signatures induced by gravitational waves in an idealized laser interferometer detector. The fractional deviation from general relativity predictions is $O({\rho }_g/\omega )$ for gravitational wave frequencies $\omega >{\rho }_g$, and the effects of waves with $\omega \lesssim {\rho }_g$ are damped. The precision and low frequency ranges of gravitational wave detectors suggest potential sensitivity to spin scales at or below $\sim 10^{-14}$ eV at ground-based laser interferometers and $\sim 10^{-24}$ eV at pulsar timing arrays, motivating further analysis of observable signatures.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·8 citations
26. 26*

    Constrained many-body phases in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory

    Alexander Schuckert🇺🇸 · Stefan Kühn🇩🇪 · Kevin C. Smith🇺🇸 · Eleanor Crane🇺🇸 · Steven M. Girvin🇺🇸

    We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gashep-lathep-phnucl-th+12 citations

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