Mon·Mar 3, 2025Monday·March 3, 2025

1. 01*

   Scalar Field Fluctuations and the Production of Dark Matter

   Marcos A. G. Garcia🇲🇽 · Wenqi Ke🇺🇸 · Yann Mambrini🇫🇷 · Keith A. Olive🇺🇸 · Sarunas Verner🇺🇸

   One of the simplest possible candidates for dark matter is a stable scalar singlet beyond the Standard Model. If its mass is below the Hubble scale during inflation, long-wavelength modes of this scalar will be excited during inflation, and their subsequent evolution may lead to the correct relic density of dark matter. In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of a spectator scalar. We examine three cases: (1) a non-interacting massive scalar, (2) a massive scalar with self-interactions of the form ${\lambda }_{\chi }{\chi }^p$, and (3) a massive scalar coupled to the inflaton $\varphi$ through an interaction term of the form ${\sigma }_{n,m}{\varphi }^n{\chi }^m$. In all cases, we assume minimal coupling to gravity and compare these results with the production of short-wavelength modes arising from single graviton exchange. The evolution is tracked during the reheating phase. Our findings are summarized using $(m_{\chi },T_{\mathrm{RH}})$ parameter planes, where $m_{\chi }$ is the mass of the scalar field and $T_{\mathrm{RH}}$ is the reheating temperature after inflation. The non-interacting scalar is highly constrained, requiring $m_{\chi }>3\times 10^{12}\mathrm{GeV}$ and $T_{\mathrm{RH}}\lesssim 7\text{TeV}$ for an inflationary potential with a quadratic minimum. However, when self-interactions or couplings to the inflaton are included, the viable parameter space expands considerably. In these cases, sub-GeV and even sub-eV scalar masses can yield the correct relic abundance, opening new possibilities for light dark matter candidates. In all cases, we also impose additional constraints arising from the production of isocurvature fluctuations, the prevention of a secondary inflationary phase triggered by the spectator field, and the fragmentation of scalar condensates.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2025)·16 citations
2. 02*

   Structure of cosmic strings for a gauged B-L symmetry and two Higgs fields

   José Antonio García-Hernández🇲🇽 · Victor Muñoz-Vitelly🇲🇽 · Wolfgang Bietenholz🇲🇽

   In the Standard Model, the difference between the baryon number $B$ and the lepton number $L$ is conserved, which represents a symmetry that is global and exact, and therefore unnatural. We turn it into a naturally exact, local symmetry by coupling the quantum number $B-L$ to an Abelian gauge field. Gauge anomalies are cancelled by adding right-handed neutrinos ${\nu }_R$, which are not sterile in this case. Therefore the usual Majorana term is forbidden by gauge symmetry, but we arrange for a ${\nu }_R$-mass by adding a Higgs-type 1-component complex scalar field. Thus we arrive at a modest, well-motivated extension of the Standard Model. In this framework, we investigate the field equations in the extended gauge-Higgs sector, involving both Higgs fields and the non-standard U(1) gauge field. They are given by a set of coupled, non-linear differential equations, which we solve numerically, focusing on the structures of cosmic strings. For a variety of parameters, we identify the string profiles and energy densities, assuming appropriate boundary conditions. In particular, these profiles depend on the winding number of each of the Higgs fields. As an amazing peculiarity, we discover -- for high winding numbers -- ``overshooting'' and ``co-axial'' solutions; in the latter case, the profile of the standard Higgs field changes its sign near the core of the cosmic string.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Meson-Meson Molecular Binding Potentials in the Diabatic Dynamical Diquark Model

   Richard F. Lebed🇺🇸 · Steven R. Martinez🇺🇸

   Using the diabatic formalism, a rigorous generalization of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we study the effects of introducing simple meson-meson molecular potentials to an established diquark model for tetraquark states, and calculate mixed bound states composed of both diquark-antidiquark and meson-meson molecular components. We examine the behavior of properties of the states as one varies the parameters of the di-meson potential, and find that significant regions of parameter space occur in which one may produce mass eigenstates exactly matching the specific examples of ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ and ${\chi }_{c0}(3915)$. We also find regions in which a pure di-meson molecular state emerges, and study the same state properties in such cases.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Probing double hadron resonance by complex momentum representation method

   Wen-Wan He🇨🇳 · Mao Song🇨🇳 · Jian-You Guo🇨🇳 · Xuan Luo🇨🇳 · Gang Li🇨🇳

   Resonances are ubiquitous phenomena in nature, and physicists have developed many methods to explore resonant states. Of particular note is the complex momentum representation(CMR) method, which has been developed and widely used in the study of resonant states in atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. Here, for the first time, we have developed this novel method to study hadron resonant states. The CMR method is applied to probe the bound and resonant states for the ${\Lambda }_{c}D(\bar{D})$ and ${\Lambda }_c{\Lambda }_c({\bar{\Lambda }}_c)$ systems, in which the resonant states are exposed clearly in complex momentum plane and the resonance parameters can be determined precisely without imposing unphysical parameters. The results show that the CMR method has achieving higher accuracy than other widely used methods. This method is not only very effective for narrow resonances, but also can be reliably applied to broad resonances.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Resummed multi-line gamma-ray spectra for Cherenkov Telescopes from heavy spin-1 dark matter

   Motoko Fujiwara🇩🇪 · Martin Vollmann🇩🇪

   Electroweakly interacting stable spin-1 particle in the $(1-10)$ TeV mass range can be a dark matter candidate with rich testability. In particular, one or even two gamma-ray line-like features are expected to be a smoking-gun signature for indirect detection in this scenario. The presence of large Sudakov logarithmic corrections, though, significantly complicates the theoretical prediction of the gamma-ray spectrum. We resum these corrections at the next-to-leading-log (NLL) accuracy using Soft-Collinear Effective field Theory (SCET). Rather interestingly, we find that the LL- and NLL-resummed endpoint spectra for this model are, up to an overall factor, identical to already existing calculations in the contexts of spin-$0$ and spin-$1/2$ (i.e. wino-like) scenarios. We discuss how this non-trivial "exact universality" irrespective of DM spin at these accuracies comes about despite the completely different SCET operator bases. Our resummations allow us to reduce the uncertainty, demonstrated in the energy spectrum with distinctive two peaks from annihilations into $\gamma \gamma ,Z\gamma$ channel and a photon with $Z_2$-even extra heavy neutral boson $Z^{\prime }$. We discuss the prospect of improving accuracy further, which is crucial for the heavier DM mass region and realistic resolution in future gamma-ray observations.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2025)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Monte Carlo Simulation-Based Partial Wave Analysis of ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ Decay

   S. X. Li🇨🇳 · R. G. Ping🇨🇳 · C. P. Shen🇨🇳

   We present a Monte Carlo simulation-based partial wave analysis of the decay ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ by using the Feynman-Diagram-Calculation framework. The consistency of the input and output parameters implies the reliability of the partial wave analysis method. A robust method of the spin-parity determination of the ${\Xi }^{\ast 0}$ resonance is introduced. The rejection significance of the alternative spin-parity hypothesis over the favored hypothesis is strong for different spins, but weak for different parities based on the current integrated luminosity of the Belle experiment. Further data collection is needed to improve the sensitivity of parity determination in the future, e.g., Belle II experiment.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Performing integration-by-parts reductions using NeatIBP 1.1 + Kira

   Zihao Wu🇨🇳 · Janko Böhm🇩🇪 · Rourou Ma🇨🇳 · Johann Usovitsch🇩🇪 · Yingxuan Xu🇩🇪 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

   We introduce a new version v1.1 of NeatIBP. In this new version, a Kira interface is included. It allows the user to reduce the integration-by-parts (IBP) identity systems generated by NeatIBP using Kira in a highly automated way. This new version also implements the so-called spanning cuts method. It helps to reduce the total computational complexity of IBP reduction for certain hard problems. Another important feature of this new version is an algorithm to simplify the solution module of the syzygy equations hinted by the idea of maximal cuts.

   hep-phhep-thComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·33 citations
8. 08*

   Low mode approximation in the axion magnetohydrodynamics

   Maxim Dvornikov (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺

   We study the evolution of interacting large scale magnetic and axionic fields. Based on the new induction equation accounting for the contribution of spatially inhomogeneous axions, we consider the evolution of a magnetized spherical axion structure. Using the thin layer approximation, we derive the system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations for harmonics of poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields, as well as for the axion field. In this system, we account for up to four modes. Considering this small and dense axion clump to be in a solar plasma, we numerically simulate the evolution of magnetic fields. We obtain that the behavior of magnetic fields depends on the initial fields configuration. Moreover, we find an indication on a magnetic field instability in the magnetohydrodynamics with inhomogeneous axions.

   hep-phastro-ph.SRphysics.plasm-ph2 citations
9. 09*

   Application of fragmentation function to the indirect production of fully charmed tetraquark

   Hong-Hao Ma🇨🇳 · Zheng-Kui Tao🇨🇳 · Juan-Juan Niu🇨🇳

   The indirect production mechanisms of fully charmed tetraquark are analyzed using the NRQCD factorization and Suzuki approach, respectively. The process first produces a heavy charm quark through Higgs, $W^{+}$, or $Z^0$ decay, and then the resulting charm quark evolves into an $S$-wave fully charmed tetraquark state with quantum number $J^{PC}$, including $0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$, and $2^{++}$, via the fragmentation function. While the transverse momentum $⟨{\vec{q}}_T^2⟩$ in Suzuki approach ranges from 2.01 to 299.04 GeV${}^2$, the numerical results obtained from these two approaches are consistent with each other. The decay widths, branching ratios, and produced events would be predicted at LHC and CEPC, respectively. The corresponding theoretical uncertainty of heavy quark mass $m_c$ and distribution of energy fraction are also presented. The results show that the contribution for the production of $T_{4c}$ through $W^{+}$ decay channel at LHC is relatively large. At CEPC, a sufficient number of $T_{4c}$ events are produced through $Z^0$ decays, which is likely to be detected in future experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·13 citations
10. 10*

    A model-independent parameterization of $B\to \pi \pi \ell \nu$ decays

    Florian Herren🇨🇭 · Bastian Kubis🇩🇪 · Raynette van Tonder🇩🇪

    We introduce a novel parameterization of $B\to \pi \pi \ell \nu$ form factors relying on partial-wave decompositions and series expansions in suitable variables. We bound the expansion coefficients through unitarity and include left-hand cut contributions using established dispersive methods. The two-hadron lineshapes are treated in a model-independent manner using Omnès functions, thus allowing for a data-driven determination of the expansion parameters. We study the underlying composition of the di-pion system in $B\to \pi \pi \ell \nu$ decays through fits to differential spectra of $B^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\ell }^{+}\nu$ measured by the Belle experiment. In contrast to previous works, we are able to study the full phase-space and are not limited to certain kinematic regions. As a consequence, we extract branching fractions for the different partial waves of the di-pion system. We find: \begin{align*} \mathcal{B}(B^+\rightarrow (\pi^+ \pi^-)_S \ell^+ \nu) &= 2.2^{+1.4}_{-1.0}\times 10^{-5}\,,\\ \mathcal{B}(B^+\rightarrow (\pi^+ \pi^-)_P \ell^+\nu) &= 19.6^{+2.8}_{-2.7}\times 10^{-5}\,,\\ \mathcal{B}(B^+\rightarrow (\pi^+ \pi^-)_D \ell^+ \nu) &= 3.5^{+1.3}_{-1.1}\times 10^{-5}\,.\\ \end{align*} In addition, we derive predictions for the thus far unobserved $B^{+}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\ell }^{+}\nu$ decay and obtain a sizeable branching fraction of $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\ell }^{+}\nu )=2.9_{-0.7}^{+0.9}\times 10^{-5}$.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Di-Higgs and Effective Field Theory: Signal Reweighting Beyond $m_{hh}$

    L. Cadamuro🇫🇷 · T. Ingebretsen Carlson🇸🇪 · J. Sjölin🇸🇪

    Di-Higgs ($hh$) production is crucial for probing the Higgs boson self-interaction and understanding the electroweak phase transition. Deviations from Standard Model predictions in $hh$ gluon-gluon fusion (ggF) can be systematically parameterized using effective field theories (EFT), such as Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) and Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), as long as the conditions of the EFT are fulfilled. This note presents an improved EFT signal reweighting method that addresses the limitations of approaches that rely solely on the invariant mass of the di-Higgs system $m_{hh}$, which fail to capture variations in kinematic variables such as the Higgs boson transverse momentum. We show that these limitations are particularly pronounced in scenarios involving strong destructive interference. The proposed method is developed for both EFTs for $hh$ ggF at $\sqrt{s}=13$ and $13.6$ TeV at next-to-leading order in QCD. We demonstrate a reweighting technique that combines more than one EFT reference sample while incorporating multiple key variables of ggF. These enhancements improve accuracy across phase space, particularly in capturing variation of the Higgs boson transverse momentum. The method employs a convex combination of the reference samples, with weights parametrized by a distance measure, to achieve a more precise reweighting. In principle, this approach can be extended to other processes, provided that suitable reference samples and distance measure are carefully chosen.

    hep-phhep-ex3 citations
12. 12*

    Exploring new physics in the FCNC $B_c\to D_s\nu \bar{\nu }$ channel

    Tarun Kumar🇮🇳 · Barilang Mawlong🇮🇳

    The rare $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transition is a well-explored transition, particularly for new physics beyond the standard model. Similar to this transition, another flavor changing neutral current transition $b\to s\nu \bar{\nu }$ involving a dineutrino pair also plays an important role in the search for new physics. The $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$ mode is one such dineutrino channel that has been analyzed in many works both within the standard model and beyond standard model framework. In this paper, we investigate the $B_c\to D_s\nu \bar{\nu }$ decay channel which proceeds via the $b\to s\nu \bar{\nu }$ transition. We consider an effective Hamiltonian framework involving new physics currents. To explore these currents further, we also analyse the decay mode within the $V_2$ leptoquark model. In our analysis, we use the form factors that have been obtained in lattice QCD calculations. We then make predictions of the $B_c\to D_s\nu \bar{\nu }$ branching fraction both within the standard model and beyond.

    hep-ph1 citation
13. 13*

    The rho-pi puzzle and vector glueball mixing

    Arthur Vereijken🇵🇱

    The $\psi (3686)$ is identified as the radial excitation of the $J/\psi$. Based on perturbative QCD, the branching ratio of the $\psi (3686)$ into some final hadron state should be approximately 13% of the branching ratio of the $J/\psi$ to that same hadron final state. This is called the "13\% rule". However, certain decay channels such as the $\rho \pi$ severely violate this 13% rule. Using the extended Linear Sigma Model, we study the effect a small mixing angle between the $\psi (3686)$ and the vector glueball can have on the 13% rule. We show that in a simple model the mixing can already suppress $\psi (3686)$ decays sufficiently to match the $\rho \pi$ observation, but to fully describe the data a more sophisticated model is necessary. We also show that matching to data can tell us about the magnitude of glueball decay widths.

    hep-phPoS(2026)·0 citations
14. 14*

    Mono-lepton Signature of a Neutrino-philic Dark Fermion at Hadron Colliders

    Kai Ma🇨🇳 · Lin-Yun He🇨🇳

    Searching for dark matter at high-energy colliders and direct detection experiments can effectively cover nearly the entire mass range from the MeV to the TeV scale. In this paper, we focus on four-fermion contact interactions formulated within the framework of Effective Field Theory. Specifically, we present a detailed analysis of mono-lepton production at the LHC. Our results demonstrate that tensor operators exhibit superior sensitivity in the mono-lepton channel, constraining energy scales up to 3\,TeV for a nearly massless dark fermion using current LHC data. Moreover, these operators mediate both spin-independent and spin-dependent absorption processes in nuclear targets. A systematic comparison of constraints between direct detection experiments and collider measurements reveals the LHC's distinct advantage in exploring sub-GeV dark matter candidates while maintaining competitive sensitivity at the TeV scale. Notably, direct detection experiments such as Super-Kamiokande and Borexino achieve complementary constraints in the 10-100\,TeV mass range through their unique capabilities: utilization of light nuclei targets, large exposure volumes, and distinctive features of the recoil energy spectra.

    hep-phNPB(2025)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Modulation signals of solar reflected dark matter in crystal-based detectors

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Haoming Nie🇨🇳

    The scattering of light dark matter (DM) off thermal electrons within the Sun generates a ``fast'' sub-component of the DM flux that can be detected in underground direct detection experiments. This ``fast'' sub-component has a specific origin-namely, from the Sun. In this study, we demonstrate that in detectors composed of single crystals, like in Bragg scattering, the collision rate and energy deposition are influenced by the angle between the momentum of the incoming DM and the orientations of the crystallographic axes. This results in a directional modulation of the signal. We calculate the magnitude of directional modulations for both germanium and silicon crystals, considering both the contact interaction and light mediator scenarios. Our findings indicate that for the contact interaction case, the daily modulation of the collision rate is approximately 0.1% of the total, while in the light mediator case, it can reach as high as 30%. Additionally, our analysis suggests that future ton-scale crystal detectors will be able to explore the freeze-in DM regime with $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\sim 0.1\mathrm{MeV}$.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
16. 16*

    $SO(10)$ theory on the plateau: the importance of being renormalizable

    Anca Preda🇸🇪 · Goran Senjanović🇩🇪 · Michael Zantedeschi🇮🇹

    We revisit a minimal renormalisable $SO(10)$ grand unified theory, with the Higgs representation $45_{\mathrm{H}}$, $126_{\mathrm{H}}$ and complex $10_{\mathrm{H}}$, responsible for the unification, intermediate and the weak scale symmetry breaking, respectively. We perform the study of unification constraints and find that it allows for the Left-Right symmetric scale to be accessible even at the LHC, and the Quark-Lepton unification scale as low as its phenomenological limit around $10^5$GeV. Moreover, one can have neutron - anti neutron oscillations at the level of the present day sensibility in both of the above cases, while in the former case one can have simultaneously neutrinoless double beta decay induced by new light scalar states, reachable today - with both electrons emerging as left-handed, as in the neutrino exchange through its possible Majorana mass. We also discuss a recently raised issue of the fine-tuning of the light Higgs mass and its potential conflict with low intermediate mass scales.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th8 citations
17. 17*

    Does the 220 PeV Event at KM3NeT Point to New Physics?

    Vedran Brdar🇺🇸 · Dibya S. Chattopadhyay🇺🇸

    The KM3NeT collaboration recently reported the observation of KM3-230213A, a neutrino event with an energy exceeding 100 PeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than the most energetic neutrino in IceCube's catalog. Given its longer data-taking period and larger effective area relative to KM3NeT, IceCube should have observed events around that energy. This tension has recently been quantified to lie between $2\sigma$ and $3.5\sigma$, depending on the neutrino source. A $\mathcal{O}(100)$ PeV neutrino detected at KM3NeT has traversed approximately $147$ km of rock and sea en route to the detector, whereas neutrinos arriving from the same location in the sky would have only traveled through about $14$ km of ice before reaching IceCube. We use this difference in propagation distance to address the tension between KM3NeT and IceCube. Specifically, we consider a scenario in which the source emits sterile neutrinos that partially convert to active neutrinos through oscillations. We scrutinize two such realizations, one where a new physics matter potential induces a resonance in sterile-to-active transitions and another one where off-diagonal neutrino non-standard interactions are employed. In both cases, sterile-to-active neutrino oscillations become relevant at length scales of $\sim 100$ km, resulting in increased active neutrino flux near the KM3NeT detector, alleviating the tension between KM3NeT and IceCube. Overall, we propose the exciting possibility that neutrino telescopes may have started detecting new physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRL(2026)·37 citations
18. 18*

    Possible origin of the KM3-230213A neutrino event from dark matter decay

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Nayan Das🇮🇳 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Prantik Sarmah🇨🇳

    We study the possibility of the highest energy neutrino event with 220 PeV energy, detected recently by the KM3NeT experiment to be originating from heavy dark matter (DM) decay. Considering a heavy right handed neutrino (RHN) DM for illustrative purpose, we show that DM mass of 440 PeV, can explain the observed flux. The required DM lifetime to produce the best-fit value of the neutrino flux saturates the existing gamma-ray bounds. Due to the large uncertainty in the flux, it is possible to explain the KM3NeT event from RHN DM decay at $3\sigma$ confidence level (CL) while being in agreement with gamma-ray bounds and non-observation of similar events at IceCube. While we consider a gauged $B-L$ scenario where DM relic can be generated due to other interactions, we also briefly discuss some alternate DM possibilities where the gamma-ray bounds can be alleviated compared to the minimal RHN DM discussed here.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·42 citations
19. 19*

    CMB Constraints on Loop-Induced Decays of Leptophilic Dark Matter

    Gabriele Montefalcone🇺🇸 · Gilly Elor🇺🇸 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Nicola Bellomo🇺🇸

    Leptophilic sub-MeV spin-zero dark matter (DM) decays into photons via one-loop processes, a scenario that has been in part overlooked in current literature. In this work, we provide updated and comprehensive upper limits on scalar, pseudo-scalar, and axion-like DM-electron couplings based on the latest NPIPE cosmic microwave background data from Planck. Our bounds on the couplings are not only competitive with astrophysical and terrestrial experiments, but outperform them in certain regions of parameter space. Notably, we present the most stringent limits to date on scalar DM with masses around a few keV and pseudo-scalar DM with masses between 100 eV and a few keV. Additionally, we explore, for the first time, the impact of implementing a cosmology-consistent treatment of energy deposition into the cosmic medium.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·4 citations
20. 20*

    Novel $|V_{cb}|$ extraction method via boosted $bc$-tagging with in-situ calibration

    Yuzhe Zhao🇨🇳 · Congqiao Li🇨🇳 · Antonios Agapitos🇨🇳 · Dawei Fu🇨🇳 · Leyun Gao🇨🇳 · Yajun Mao🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳

    We present a novel method for measuring $|V_{cb}|$ at the LHC using an advanced boosted-jet tagger to identify "$bc$ signatures". By associating boosted $W\to bc$ signals with $bc$-matched jets from top-quark decays, we enable an in-situ calibration of the tagger. This approach significantly suppresses backgrounds while reducing uncertainties in flavor tagging efficiencies -- key to improving measurement precision. Our study is enabled by the development of realistic, AI-based large- and small-radius taggers, Sophon and the newly introduced SophonAK4, validated to match ATLAS and CMS's state-of-the-art taggers. The method complements the conventional small radius jet approach and enables a ~30% improvement in $|V_{cb}|$ precision under HL-LHC projections. As a byproduct, it enhances $H^{\pm }\to bc$ search sensitivity by a factor of 2--5 over the recent ATLAS result based on Run 2 data. Our work offers a new perspective for the precision $|V_{cb}|$ measurement and highlights the potential of using advanced tagging models to probe unexplored boosted regimes at the LHC.

    hep-ph5 citations
21. 21*

    Signatures of Quantum Gravity in Gravitational Wave Memory

    Nils Deppe🇺🇸 · Lavinia Heisenberg🇩🇪 · Lawrence E. Kidder🇺🇸 · David Maibach🇩🇪 · Sizheng Ma🇨🇦 · Jordan Moxon🇺🇸 · Kyle C. Nelli🇺🇸 · William Throwe🇺🇸 · Nils L. Vu🇺🇸

    We study the impact of quantum corrections to gravitational waveforms on the gravitational wave memory effect. In certain quantum gravity theories and semi-classical frameworks, black holes (or other exotic compact objects) exhibit reflective properties that cause quasi-normal modes of a binary merger waveform to partially reflect off the horizon. If these reflections reach the detector, the measured gravitational wave signal may show echo-like features following the initial ringdown phase. Detecting such echoes, or their indirect signatures, would offer compelling evidence for the quantum nature of black holes. Given that direct detection of echoes requires finely tuned waveform templates, exploring alternative imprints of this phenomenon is crucial. In this work, we pursue this goal by calculating corrections to the null memory arising from echo-like features, formulated in terms of the Newman-Penrose scalar ${\Psi }_0$. We demonstrate that the morphology of the resulting features is model-independent rendering them conceptually much easier to detect in real interferometer data than the raw echo. The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio of echo-induced features appearing in the gravitational wave memory is estimated subsequently. We further compute the physical fluxes associated to the echo at both the black hole horizon and null infinity and identify novel distinguishing features of the underlying reflectivity models in measurement data.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
22. 22*

    Constraining Anisotropic Universe Through Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: A Case Study of The Bianchi Type-I Universe

    Jiwon Park🇰🇷 · Sourav Mridha🇮🇳 · Dukjae Jang🇰🇷 · Mayukh R. Gangopadhyay🇮🇳 · Myung-Ki Cheoun🇰🇷

    The isotropy and homogeneity of our Universe are the cardinal principles of modern cosmology built on the definition of metric through the prescription by Friedmann-Lema$\hat{i}$tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW). From the aspects of geometry, the presence of anisotropy, inhomogeneity, or both are allowed in the metrics defined as the Bianchi type I and V metrics. In this letter, the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) formalism, and the latest observational constraints on nuclear abundances are being used to put bounds on the global anisotropy offered in the Bianchi type I metrics, providing a new path to explore in the background of global anisotropy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th1 citation
23. 23*

    Bound-state formation and thermalization within the Lindblad approach

    Jan Rais🇩🇪 · Hendrik van Hees🇩🇪 · Carsten Greiner🇩🇪

    The Lindblad equation, as one approach to open quantum systems, describes the density matrix of a particle or a chain of interacting particles, which are in contact with a thermal bath. Still, it is not fully understood yet, how arbitrary systems evolve towards a stationary distribution, which guarantees thermalization in a thermodynamical context, and how to systematically incorporate the variety of assumptions that are made in this approach in order to preserve thermal Gibbs states. Despite these shortcomings, Lindblad dynamics was successfully employed in heavy-ion physics (quarkonia) and also became of interest in quantum-computer applications. In this paper, we consider a problem borrowed from heavy-ion collisions, namely the formation of bound states, as for example the deuteron, in the non-relativistic regime by using the already well understood techniques of Lindblad dynamics. However, only recently, we were able to extend this toolbox by showing, that the position-space Lindblad equation can be reformulated in terms of a diffusion-advection equation with sources and therefore provides a hydrodynamical formulation of a dissipative quantum master equation. Making use of this advanced machinery and insights, we describe the possible formation of a bound state, which is realized by a Pöschl-Teller-like potential, of a particle in interaction with a heat bath in a 1-dim setting. We analyse the possibility of a thermalization and the time-scale of the formation, population and depopulation of the bound state. Finally, we also show an example of a much deeper potential, where we allow for three bound states, just in the spirit of quarkonia. Besides this, we discuss general aspects of open quantum systems, like decoherence, entropy production etc.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phquant-ph1 citation
24. 24*

    The quantum Newton's bucket: Active and passive rotations in quantum theory

    Augusto Facundes🇧🇷 · Kayman Jhosef Goncalves🇧🇷 · Giorgio Torrieri🇧🇷

    Motivated both by classical physics problems associated with ``Newton's bucket'' and recent developments related to QCD in rotating frames of reference relevant to heavy ion collisions, we discuss the difference between ``active'' and ``passive'' rotations in quantum systems. We examine some relevant potentials and give general symmetry arguments to give criteria where such rotations give the same results. We close with a discussion of how this can be translated to quantum field theory.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phhep-th+1Mod.Phys.Lett.A(2026)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Topological Quantum Dark Matter via Global Anomaly Cancellation

    Juven Wang🇬🇧

    Standard Model (SM) with 15 Weyl fermions per family (lacking the 16th, the sterile right-handed neutrino ${\nu }_R$) suffers from mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies tied to baryon number plus or minus lepton number $\mathbf{B}\pm \mathbf{L}$ symmetry. Including ${\nu }_R$ per family can cancel these anomalies, but when $\mathbf{B}\pm \mathbf{L}$ symmetry is preserved as discrete finite subgroups rather than a continuous U(1), the perturbative local anomalies become nonperturbative global anomalies. In this work, we systematically enumerate these gauge-gravitational global anomalies involving discrete $\mathbf{B}\pm \mathbf{L}$ that are enhanced from the fermion parity ${\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}$ to ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N}^{\mathrm{F}}$, with $N=2,3,4,6,9$, etc. The $\mathbf{B}\pm \mathbf{L}$ discreteness is constrained by multi-fermion deformations beyond-the-SM and the family number $N_f$. Unlike the free quadratic ${\nu }_R$ Majorana mass gap preserving the minimal ${\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\mathrm{F}}$, we explore novel scenarios canceling $(\mathbf{B}\pm \mathbf{L})$-gravitational anomalies while preserving the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N}^{\mathrm{F}}$ discrete symmetries, featuring 4d interacting gapped topological orders (potentially with or without low-energy TQFT descriptions) or gapless sectors (e.g., conformal field theories). We propose anomalous sectors as quantum dark matter to cancel SM's global anomalies. We find the $N_f=3$ uniqueness, when the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2N}^{\mathrm{F}}$ representation from the faithful $\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{L}$ for baryons at $N=N_c=3$ is extended to the faithful $\mathbf{Q}+N_c\mathbf{L}$ for quarks at $N=N_c{N}_f=9$, this symmetry extension matches with the topological order dark matter construction. Key implications include: (1) a 5th force mediating between SM and dark matter via discrete gauge fields. (2) dark matter as topological order quantum matter with gapped anyon excitations at ends of extended defects. (3) topological leptogenesis.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-ph9 citations

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