Wed·Feb 19, 2025Wednesday·February 19, 2025

1. 01*

   Multiple realizations of modular flavor symmetries and their phenomenology

   Carlos Arriaga-Osante🇲🇽 · Mu-Chun Chen🇺🇸 · Ramon Diaz-Castro🇲🇽 · Xueqi Li🇺🇸 · Xiang-Gan Liu🇺🇸 · Saul Ramos-Sanchez🇲🇽 · Michael Ratz🇺🇸

   We point out that specifying the finite modular group does not uniquely fix a modular flavor symmetry. We illustrate this using the finite modular group $T^{\prime }$. Otherwise equivalent models based on different $T^{\prime }$ lead to modular forms with different properties and, hence, produce different phenomenological features. We exemplify this in various scenarios, and show that the ability of a given model to accommodate mass and other observed hierarchies depends sensitively on the way the $T^{\prime }$ is implemented.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·4 citations
2. 02*

   New Physics versus Quenching Factors in Coherent Neutrino Scattering

   Yulun Li🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Patrick Huber🇺🇸

   Recent results on the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) on germanium present significant discrepancies among experiments. We perform a combined analysis of the Dresden-II, CONUS+ and COHERENT data, quantifying the impact of quenching factor uncertainties on their CE$\nu$NS cross section measurement. No choice of quenching factor can bring these three data sets into mutual agreement, whereas the combination of COHERENT with either Dresden-II or CONUS+ agrees well albeit for very different quenching factors. We further study the quenching factor dependence on the sensitivity of these experiments to a large neutrino magnetic moment, finding that the constraints can vary by up to an order of magnitude. Our work highlights the importance of reducing this uncertainty on quenching factors in order to probe new physics from neutrinos at the low-energy frontier.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·12 citations
3. 03*

   Searching for exotic scalars at fusion reactors

   Chaja Baruch🇮🇱 · Patrick J. Fitzpatrick🇮🇱 · Tony Menzo🇺🇸 · Yotam Soreq🇮🇱 · Sokratis Trifinopoulos🇺🇸 · Jure Zupan🇺🇸

   The energy created in deuterium-tritium fusion reactors originates from a high-intensity neutron flux interacting with the reactor's inner walls. The neutron flux can also be used to produce a self-sustaining reaction by lining the walls with lithium-rich `breeding blankets', in which a fraction of neutrons interacts with lithium, creating the tritium fuel. The high-intensity neutron flux can also result in the production of dark sector particles, feebly interacting light scalars or pseudoscalars, via nuclear transitions within the breeding blanket. We estimate the potential size of such dark sector flux outside the reactor, taking into account all current constraints, and consider possible detection methods at current and future thermonuclear fusion reactors. As a by-product, we also recast the SNO axion bound for a CP even scalar. We find that year-long searches at current and future reactors can set leading constraints on dark scalar -- and dark pseudoscalar -- nucleon couplings.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Bubble wall velocity for first-order QCD phase transition

   James M. Cline🇨🇦 · Benoit Laurent🇨🇦

   Although the QCD phase transition is a crossover in the standard model, nonstandard effects such as a large lepton asymmetry are known to make it first order, with possible applications to gravitational wave production. This process is sensitive to the speed of the bubble walls during the phase transition, which is difficult to compute from first principles. We take advantage of recent progress on wall speed determinations to provide a simple estimate valid in the small supercooling regime which constrains the wall speed to be significantly lower than what has been used in previous literature. This in turn strongly suppresses the production of gravitational waves, to a level that is just out of reach of the most sensitive projected experiment for this signal, $\mu$Ares. While our analysis approximates the equation of state using the template model, we demonstrate that our conclusions remain robust when incorporating state-of-the-art QCD equation of state data.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2025)·14 citations
5. 05*

   Impact of momentum-dependent drag coefficient on energy loss of charm and bottom quarks in QGP

   Marjan Rahimi Nezhad🇮🇷 · Fatemeh Taghavi-Shahri🇮🇷 · Kurosh Javidan🇮🇷

   This paper investigates the influence of heavy-quark momentum on their interaction rate and the resulting drag coefficient in a quark-gluon plasma. To go beyond simplified treatments, we introduce a phenomenological extension of the drag coefficient by expressing the energy loss coefficients as polynomial expansions of momentum, thereby providing a flexible framework to test the sensitivity of heavy-quark observables to additional momentum dependence in transport coefficients. Furthermore, the effects of particle momentum on radiative and collisional energy loss are determined more accurately. The study focuses on calculating the nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) of charm and bottom quarks in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=5.02TeV$. The initial distribution functions are evolved numerically using the Fokker-Planck equation. The results are compared with the latest experimental data from ALICE and ATLAS, collected in 2021 and 2022.

   hep-phEPJA(2026)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Quantum-mechanical numerical model of interaction between dark atom and nucleus of substance

   T. E. Bikbaev🇷🇺 · M. Yu. Khlopov🇷🇺 · A. G. Mayorov🇷🇺

   The hypothesis of composite $XHe$ dark atoms may provide solution to the long-standing problem of direct searches for dark matter particles. The main problem of the $XHe$ dark atom is its ability to strongly interact with the nucleus of substance, arising from the unshielded nuclear attraction between the helium nucleus and the nucleus of matter. It is assumed that in order to prevent the destruction of the bound structure of dark atom, the effective potential of interaction between $XHe$ and the nucleus of substance must have dipole Coulomb barrier that prevents the fusion of dark matter atom particles with the nucleus of substance. The problem in describing the interaction between dark atom and substance nucleus is the three-body problem, for which an exact analytical solution is not available. Consequently, to assess the physical meaning of the proposed scenario, it is essential to develop a numerical approach. Our approach involves consistently developing an accurate quantum mechanical description of this three-body system, comprising bound dark atom and the external nucleus of substance. We incorporate the necessary effects and interactions to enhance the precision of the results, which helps to elucidate the most significant aspects of the proposed dark atom scenario.

   hep-phphysics.atom-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Contributions from the color-octet matrix elements to the $\overline{B}$ $\to$ $\pi \pi$ decays with QCD factorization approach

   Yueling Yang🇨🇳 · Bingbing Yang🇨🇳 · Junfeng Sun🇨🇳

   Motivated by the $\pi \pi$ puzzle in nonleptonic $B$ decays in the time of high-precision and huge-data for particle physics, we restudy the $\overline{B}$ $\to$ $\pi \pi$ decays with QCD factorization approach. An additional contributions from the color-octet current matrix elements (COCME) which are unnoticed in almost all the previous calculation, are taken into consideration and parameterized by $X$. It is found that (1) form factor $F_0^{B\pi }$ $\approx$ $0.22$ is favored by the available latest measurements. (2) The COCME contributions are helpful to interpret the experimental data on branching ratios rather than $CP$ asymmetries for the $\overline{B}$ $\to$ $\pi \pi$ decays.

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   $\lambda$ and $\rho$ trajectories for the doubly heavy baryons in the diquark picture

   He Song🇨🇳 · Jia-Qi Xie🇨🇳 · Xin-Ru Liu🇨🇳 · Jiao-Kai Chen🇨🇳

   We present the explicit form of the Regge trajectory relations for the doubly heavy baryons ${\Xi }_{Q{Q}^{\prime }}$ and ${\Omega }_{Q{Q}^{\prime }}$ $(Q,Q^{\prime }=b,c)$ in the diquark picture. Using the derived Regge trajectory relations, we estimate the masses of the $\lambda$-excited states and the $\rho$-excited states, which are consistent with other theoretical predictions. Both the $\lambda$-trajectories and $\rho$-trajectories are discussed. We show that the $\rho$-trajectories behave differently from the $\lambda$-trajectories. Specifically, the $\rho$-trajectories behave as $M\sim x_{\rho }^{2/3}$ $(x_{\rho }=n_r,l)$, whereas the $\lambda$-trajectories follow $M\sim x_{\lambda }^{1/2}$ $(x_{\lambda }=N_r,L)$. By using the obtained relations, the baryon Regge trajectory provides a straightforward and easy method for estimating the spectra of both the $\lambda$-excited states and $\rho$-excited states.

   hep-ph1 citation
9. 09*

   Strong primordial inhomogeneities induced by axion-like scalar field

   Maxim A. Krasnov🇷🇺 · Maxim Yu. Khlopov🇫🇷 · Oem Trivedi🇮🇳

   Our goal is to consider Axion-like particle (ALP) model to investigate the behaviour of space-time in the vicinity of the domain wall, induced by axion-like field. Here we present first-step approximation in our analysis and discuss the applicability of thin-shell approximation.

   hep-phgr-qc0 citations
10. 10*

    Two-body strong decays of the hidden-charm tetraquark molecular states via the QCD sum rules

    Tao Hong🇨🇳 · Xiao-Song Yang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳

    In this work, we extend our previous work on the $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ and $2^{++}$ to investigate their two-body strong decays via the QCD sum rules based on rigorous quark-hadron duality. We obtain the partial decay widths therefore total widths of the ground states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ and $2^{++}$, which indicate that it is reasonable to assign the $X_2(4014)$ as the $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ tetraquark molecular states with the $J^{PC}=2^{++}$.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·1 citation
11. 11*

    Quantum entanglement of final particle states in the resonant trident pair production in a strong electromagnetic wave

    S.P. Roshchupkin🇷🇺 · M.V. Shakhov🇷🇺

    The resonant trident pair production process in the collision of ultrarelativistic electrons with a strong electromagnetic wave is theoretically studied. Under resonant conditions, the intermediate virtual gamma-quantum becomes real. As a result, the original resonant trident pair production process effectively splits into two first-order processes by the fine structure constant: the electromagnetic field-stimulated Compton-effect and the electromagnetic field-stimulated Breit-Wheeler process. The kinematics of the resonant trident pair production process are studied in detail. It is shown that there are two different cases for the energies and outgoing angles of final particles (an electron and an electron-positron pair) in which their quantum entanglement is realized. In the first case, the energy and outgoing angles of final ultrarelativistic particles are uniquely determined by the parameters of the electromagnetic field-stimulated Compton-effect (the outgoing angle of the final electron and the quantum parameter of the Compton effect). In the second case, the energy and outgoing angles of final particles are uniquely determined by the electromagnetic field-stimulated Breit-Wheeler process (the electron-positron pair outgoing angle and the Breit-Wheeler quantum parameter). It is shown that in a sufficiently wide range of frequencies and intensities of a strong electromagnetic wave, and in the case of ultrarelativistic initial electrons, the differential probability of the resonant trident pair production process with simultaneous registration of the outgoing angles of final particles can significantly (by several orders of magnitude) exceed the total probability of the electromagnetic field-stimulated Compton-effect.

    hep-phhep-thPhoton.(2025)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Zee-Babu model in a non-holomorphic modular $A_4$ symmetry and modular stabilization

    Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hiroshi Okada🇨🇳 · Yuta Orikasa🇨🇿

    We study a Zee-Babu neutrino model in a non-holomorphic modular $A_4$ symmetry, and we construct a model so that there are minimum free parameters (two complex parameters). We find only the normal hierarchy is allowed. Moreover, the allowed region to satisfy the neutrino oscillation data is localized at nearby $\tau =\omega$. The small absolute deviation plays a crucial role in fitting two mixings of $s_{23}^2$ and $s_{12}^2$. In addition, we obtain several predictions on Majorana and Dirac CP phases, and neutrinoless double beta decay as shown in our chi square numerical analysis. We also study modulus stabilization within the framework of non-supersymmetric models. In the end, we compute the expansion of modular forms at nearby $\tau =\omega$ in the Appendix so that one can apply them for a model and understand its analytical structure.

    hep-phPTEP(2026)·20 citations
13. 13*

    Large CP Asymmetries from Final-State Interactions in Charmful Baryonic Decays of $B^0\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\overline{\Xi }}_c^{-}$ and $B_s^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\overline{\Lambda }}_c^{-}$

    Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳 · Xiang-Nan Jin🇨🇳 · Chia-Wei Liu🇨🇳

    We study the direct CP asymmetries in the decays of $B^0\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\overline{\Xi }}_c^{-}$ and $B_s^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\overline{\Lambda }}_c^{-}$, emphasizing the critical role of final-state interactions (FSIs). In these channels, the small energy release and annihilation topology suppress short-distance contributions while enhancing long-distance effects. By separating the decay amplitudes into S and P waves, we show that the P-wave component, carrying only a single weak phase, contributes negligibly to CP asymmetries. In contrast, the S-wave amplitude, strongly modified by FSIs, acquires a substantial strong phase that enables interference among multiple weak phases, producing large CP-violating effects. Numerically, we find sizable asymmetries of $a_{CP}^{\text{dir}}=0.88\pm 0.05\pm 0.10$ for $B^0\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\overline{\Xi }}_c^{-}$ and $a_{CP}^{\text{dir}}=-0.106\pm 0.019\pm 0.010$ for $B_s^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\overline{\Lambda }}_c^{-}$, where the first and second uncertainties stem from the poorly known hadron couplings and the omission of the $B^0\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\overline{\Xi }}_c^{-}$ rescattering process. For practical feasibility, we restrict our analysis to intermediate states involving pseudoscalar mesons, which yield tractable loop integrals. Excited intermediate states, such as $D^{(\ast )}{\overline{D}}^{(\ast )}$, are omitted because their inclusion would require handling non-renormalizable interactions, introducing substantial ambiguity. These results, combined with the relatively large branching fractions, make these modes prime targets for experimental searches at LHCb and Belle II, potentially offering new insights into strong dynamics and nonperturbative QCD in heavy-hadron decays.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
14. 14*

    $WH$ production at the LHC within SMEFT at next-to-next-to-leading order QCD

    Marco Bonetti🇩🇪 · Robert V. Harlander🇩🇪 · Dmitrii Korneev🇩🇪 · Ming-Ming Long🇩🇪 · Kirill Melnikov🇩🇪 · Raoul Röntsch🇮🇹 · Davide Maria Tagliabue🇮🇹

    We study the impact of $q{\bar{q}}^{\prime }W$ and $q{\bar{q}}^{\prime }WH$ interactions, originating from dimension-six operators of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), on the Higgs boson associated production $pp\to W^{+}H$ at the LHC. We compute the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to this process and compare these corrections in the Standard Model and SMEFT production mechanisms.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
15. 15*

    Universality and emergent effective fluid from jets and string breaking in the massive Schwinger model using tensor networks

    Romuald A. Janik🇵🇱 · Maciej A. Nowak🇵🇱 · Marek M. Rams🇵🇱 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

    We analyze the correlation between the energy, momentum and spatial entanglement produced by two luminal jets in the massive Schwinger model. Using tensor network methods, we show that for m/g > 1/{\pi}, in the vicinity of the strong to weak coupling transition, a nearly perfect and chargeless effective fluid behavior appears around the mid-rapidity region with a universal energy-pressure relationship. The evolution of energy and pressure is strongly correlated with the rise of the spatial entanglement entropy, indicating a key role of quantum dynamics. Some of these observations may be used to analyze high multiplicity jet fragmentation events, energy-energy and energy-charge correlators at current collider energies.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phPRL(2025)·16 citations
16. 16*

    Resonant axion-plasmon conversion in neutron star magnetospheres

    H. Terças🇵🇹 · J. T. Mendonça🇵🇹 · R. Bingham🇬🇧

    Resonant axion-plasmon conversion in the magnetospheres of magnetars may substantially impact the landscape of dark-matter axion detection. This work explores how resonant axion-plasmon conversion, through a mechanism that is analogous to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (NSW) effect in neutrinos, modify the expected radio signals from axion-photon conversions observed on Earth. Critically, the resonant conversion radius lies within the region expected for axion-photon conversion, introducing a nonradiative power loss that diminishes the anticipated photon flux. Our analysis demonstrates that this effect can reduce radio telescope sensitivities, shifting them into regions excluded by previous experiments. These findings compel a reassessment of experimental constraints derived from radio signatures of axion-photon conversions and highlight the necessity of accounting for plasmon effects in astrophysical axion searches. The presented corrections provide critical insights for refining the detection strategies of future telescope-based dark matter axion experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-phPRL(2025)·2 citations
17. 17*

    Inverse Seesaw Mechanism and Axion Portal Fermionic Dark Matter

    Nakorn Thongyoi🇹🇭 · Patipan Uttayarat🇹🇭 · Chakrit Pongkitivanichkul🇹🇭

    We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM) that addresses both the smallness of neutrino masses and the dark matter (DM) puzzle via the inverse seesaw mechanism and an axion portal fermionic DM. This model generates light neutrino masses without requiring high energy scales, enhancing its testability in future collider experiments. An axion-like particle (ALP) connects the SM and DM sectors, yielding a distinct phenomenology. Our analysis shows that the model is consistent with constraints from neutrino oscillations and DM relic density as well as satisfying the current measurement on muon $g-2$. This work offers a unified framework to address neutrino masses and DM, with implications for particle physics and cosmology.

    hep-ph1 citation
18. 18*

    Constraints on Lorentz invariance from the event KM3-230213A

    Paolo Walter Cattaneo🇮🇹

    Lorentz invariance is the cornerstone of relativity theory. Its implications have been verified experimentally with a variety of approaches. The detection of a muon at extremely high energy detected by the ARCA detector in the Mediterranean sea, the most energetic particle directly measured up to date, allows to put additional constraints on Lorentz non-invariant theories. The prediction of some of those theories is that the lifetimes of particles in the laboratory frame 'decrease' rather than 'increase' with increasing $\gamma$. In this frame the sheer fact that the muon traversed the whole ARCA detector puts a lower limit on the muon lifetime in the laboratory frame, that implies upper limits on Lorentz violating parameters.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exEPJC(2025)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Hunting for heavy $Z^{\prime }$ with IceCube neutrinos and gravitational waves

    Basabendu Barman🇮🇳 · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Suruj Jyoti Das🇰🇷 · Marco Merchand🇸🇪

    In the minimal gauged B-L extension of the Standard Model, we demonstrate that PeV-scale dark matter (DM) and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) can be simultaneously explained through the three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) present in the theory. The DM candidate undergoes decay into light neutrinos, providing an explanation for the observed IceCube events, while the other two RHNs generate the BAU via leptogenesis. The breaking of gauge symmetry gives rise to detectable gravitational waves (GWs) from decaying cosmic strings (CS), making this framework testable at several future GW detectors-despite being beyond the reach of conventional collider experiments due to the extremely weak coupling. The symmetry-breaking scale establishes a connection between particle masses, couplings, and the GW spectrum, offering a unified and predictive scenario.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·16 citations
20. 20*

    Nuclear effects in proton decay

    Denis Barbu🇷🇴 · Mihaela Parvu🇷🇴 · Ionel Lazanu🇷🇴

    Proton decay detection could put in evidence physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this context, multiple projects are searching for such events. We focused our work on two of the expected decay modes, $p\to {\pi }^{+}+\bar{\nu }$ and $p\to K^{+}+\bar{\nu }$. Neutrinos are particles that interact very weakly with matter, so they are not of interest in our work. The detector materials investigated in this study include liquid argon (LAr), liquid xenon (LXe), and water (H${}_2$O). Our analysis focuses on two key effects relevant to this decay process: the Fermi motion of nucleons and final state interactions. In addition to these effects, we have also examined the nuclear interaction of particles with the nuclei of the medium. This paper presents values for nucleon energy distribution, cross sections, mean free paths and interaction probabilities.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2025)·1 citation
21. 21*

    Constraining circular polarization of high-frequency gravitational waves with CMB

    Ashu Kushwaha🇮🇳 · Rajeev Kumar Jain🇮🇳

    Circular polarization in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) offers a promising probe of the parity-violating physics of the early universe. In this paper, we propose a novel method to constrain the primordial circular polarization of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW) in the GHz range. An efficient conversion of gravitons to photons in a transverse cosmological magnetic field at the epoch of last scattering can generate excess chiral photons if the GW background is chiral in nature. This excess radiation distorts the CMB thermal black-body spectrum, which can be estimated by measuring the V-Stokes parameter in the CMB polarization. Using current upper limits on the angular power spectrum of circular polarization $C_l^{VV}$ from the CLASS, MIPOL, and SPIDER experiments, we obtain the most stringent constraints on the characteristic strain and circular polarization of the isotropic background of stochastic GWs at $40\mathrm{GHz}$ and $150\mathrm{GHz}$, respectively. Our work, therefore, provides an interesting possibility to constrain the circular polarization of high-frequency GWs using the V-mode polarization measurements of CMB.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·9 citations
22. 22*

    Holographic QCD model for heavy and exotic mesons at finite density: A self-consistent dynamical approach

    Bruno Toniato🇧🇷 · David Dudal🇧🇪 · Subhash Mahapatra🇮🇳 · Roldao da Rocha🇧🇷 · Siddhi Swarupa Jena🇮🇳

    We present a self-consistent dynamical holographic QCD model to investigate the mass spectra and melting behavior of heavy and exotic mesons at finite temperature and finite density. Our approach is based on the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) framework and incorporates an elsewhere already introduced, albeit by hand, phenomenological non-quadratic dilaton profile. This allows one to capture the non-linear Regge trajectories of heavy-flavor mesons and model certain exotic states. We show how to construct such models by actually solving the coupled Einstein, Maxwell, and dilaton field equations, ensuring mathematical self-consistency to replace any ad-hoc input. At finite temperature, we analyze the confinement-deconfinement transition via a Hawking-Page phase transition. We compute the spectral functions, revealing the sequential melting of quarkonia as the temperature is increased. Extending to finite density, we explore the impact of baryon chemical potential on meson stability, showing significant modifications in spectral peaks and effective potentials that indicate a more rapid melting of mesonic states as the chemical potential increases in the deconfined phase. The dual of the small/large black hole transition now indicates towards a first order phase transition line ending at a second order critical point. Interestingly, the spectral functions smoothly cross this phase transition line.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·17 citations
23. 23*

    Detecting stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic strings with next-generation detector networks: Component separation based on a multi-source astrophysical foreground noise model

    Geng-Chen Wang🇺🇸 · Hong-Bo Jin🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Detecting stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from cosmic strings is crucial for unveiling the evolutionary laws of the early universe and validating non-standard cosmological models. This study presents the first systematic evaluation of the detection capabilities of next-generation ground-based gravitational wave detector networks for cosmic strings. By constructing a hybrid signal model incorporating multi-source astrophysical foreground noise, including compact binary coalescences (CBCs) and compact binary hyperbolic encounters (CBHEs), we propose an innovative parameter estimation methodology based on multi-component signal separation. Numerical simulations using one-year observational data reveal three key findings: (1) The CE4020ET network, comprising the Einstein Telescope (ET-10 km) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE-40 km and CE-20 km), achieves nearly one order of magnitude improvement in constraining the cosmic string tension $G\mu$ compared to individual detectors, reaching a relative uncertainty $\Delta G\mu /G\mu <0.5$ for $G\mu >3.5\times 10^{-15}$ under standard cosmological framework; (2) The network demonstrates enhanced parameter resolution in non-standard cosmological scenarios, providing a novel approach to probe pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis cosmic evolution; (3) Enhanced detector sensitivity amplifies CBHE foreground interference in parameter estimation, while precise modeling of such signals could further refine $G\mu$ constraints by $1-2$ orders of magnitude. This research not only quantifies the detection potential of third-generation detector networks for cosmic string models but also elucidates the intrinsic connection between foreground modeling precision and cosmological parameter estimation accuracy, offering theoretical foundations for optimizing scientific objectives of next-generation gravitational wave observatories.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·2 citations
24. 24*

    Development of systematic uncertainty-aware neural network trainings for binned-likelihood analyses at the LHC

    CMS Collaboration

    We propose a neural network training method capable of accounting for the effects of systematic variations of the data model in the training process and describe its extension towards neural network multiclass classification. The procedure is evaluated on the realistic case of the measurement of Higgs boson production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion in the $\tau \tau$ decay channel at the CMS experiment. The neural network output functions are used to infer the signal strengths for inclusive production of Higgs bosons as well as for their production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion. We observe improvements of 12 and 16% in the uncertainty in the signal strengths for gluon and vector-boson fusion, respectively, compared with a conventional neural network training based on cross-entropy.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.data-anEPJC(2025)·10 citations
25. 25*

    Initial-state-driven spin correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions

    Giuliano Giacalone🇨🇭 · Enrico Speranza🇨🇭

    In the study of spin-polarization phenomena in heavy-ion collisions, it is typically assumed that final-state particles are polarized through thermal vorticity and shear. In this sense, polarization is a final-state effect. Here, we propose a different mechanism. We postulate that the collision of spin-carrying nucleons generates an initial transverse spin density, inducing a net polarization of the QCD fireball along a random direction. If the net spin is conserved throughout the evolution of the fireball, the final-state particles should exhibit measurable polarization. Within a wounded nucleon picture, we estimate that initial-state fluctuations induce a net polarization of $\Lambda$ baryons which is around $1\%$ in central collisions and over $10\%$ in noncentral collisions, significantly exceeding the contributions from thermal vorticity and shear. We introduce a two-particle angular correlation observable designed to reveal initial net-spin fluctuations, and emphasize the main signatures to look for in experiments. We argue that the discovery of these phenomena would have profound implications for nuclear structure and our understanding of spin in relativistic hydrodynamics.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-ex12 citations
26. 26*

    Non-local high-$p_t$ transport in anisotropic QCD matter

    João Barata🇨🇭 · Xiaojian Du🇪🇸 · Andrey V. Sadofyev🇵🇹

    We perform a numerical study of non-local partonic transport in anisotropic QCD matter, relevant to the evolution of hard probes in the aftermath of high-energy nuclear scattering events. The recently derived master equation, obtained from QFT considerations, differs from Boltzmann transport by incorporating a non-local elastic scattering kernel arising from density gradients. After rewriting the master equation in a form suitable for numerical implementation and assuming a static density profile, we compare the non-local evolution to Boltzmann transport, demonstrating that the new interaction kernel is essential for accurately describing the azimuthal structure of the final-state momentum distribution. We further study the non-local partonic transport in the case of a matter profile governed by two-dimensional hydrodynamics, accounting for its flow and generalizing the evolution equation. Our results demonstrate the necessity of going beyond classical transport at high-$p_t$ to accurately capture the structure of jets propagating through structured QCD matter. The master equation used in the numerical simulations can be seamlessly integrated into state-of-the-art transport codes.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.